英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编8
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编8(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes/f/-/v/. This is an example for illustrating 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Minimal pairs）解析：解析：（如果有两个词，它们除了出现在同一位置上的一个音外，其余的音都一样，那么这两个词就构成了一个最小的对立体，所以fail一veil是最小对立体。
)2.In English there are a number of 1, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Diphthongs）解析：解析：（如果在发音时通过舌头的一次运动，由第一个单元音滑向第二个单元音，这样产生的音的组合就叫做双元音。
)3.The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Allophones）解析：解析：（同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体。
因为变体是互补分布的，而且发音相似。
)4.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.（中山大学2011研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：allophones）解析：解析：（语音的相似性指一个音位的音位变体必须具备某些语音相似性。
)5.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.（北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：morpheme）解析：解析：（语素是最小的语言单位，不能再进一步分成更小的单位而不破坏或彻底改变词汇意义或语法意义。
)6.Some morphemes like -ish, -ness, -ly, -dis, trans-, un- are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are 1morphemes.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：bound）解析：解析：（粘着语素指不能单独出现，必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素。
)7.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2.（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：inflectional）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：lexical／derivational）解析：解析：（在形态学中，有两大主要研究方面，一是词的屈折变化，一是词的派生。
)8. 1is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.（南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Morphophonology）解析：解析：（形态音系学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。
)9. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3.（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Blending）解析：解析：（混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成，一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来，或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。
)10.An 1is pronounced letter by letter, while an 2is pronounced as a word.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：initialism：acronym）解析：解析：（首字母缩写和缩略词的区别在于，前者是一个一个字母读，后者是按单词读。
)11.Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the 1level.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：morphemic）解析：解析：（从词素的角度来讲词可以划分为简单词、合成词和派生词。
)12.IC is the short form of immediate 1used in the study of syntax.（北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：constituent）解析：解析：（直接成分分析法是一种句法分析方法。
它指先把句子分析为直接成分——词组（或短语)，再把这些直接成分依次切分，得到各自的直接成分，层层切分，直到最终成分为止。
)13. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Cohesion）解析：解析：（衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。
)14.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called 1rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：transformational）解析：解析：（句法移位是受传统上被称为转换规则的这些规则所支配的，转换规则的运用会改变句子的句法表达方式。
)15.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed 1 structure.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：deep）解析：解析：（深层结构是指一个结构体的句法属性的抽象表述，即不同成分之间的结构关系，深层结构一般指移位前的结构。
)16.A 1is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：sentence）解析：解析：（句子在结构上是一个独立的单位，通常包括许多词用以构成一个完整的陈述，提问或者命令。
)17.The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentences is called 1.(北二外2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：syntax）解析：解析：（句法学是研究句子内部结构的一门学科。
)18.According to G Leech, 1meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.（北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：connotative）解析：19.According to G Leech, 1meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content.(北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：conceptual）解析：解析：（利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编9
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编9(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：24，分数：48.00)1.The sense relationship between "John plays the piano" and "John plays a musical instrument" is ______.(北二外2004研)（分数：2.00）A.synonymyB.antonymyC.entailment √解析：解析：（如果知道一个句子的真假能够判断另一个句子的真假，那么第一个句子就蕴含了第二个句子。
题中如果第一个句子为真，则第二句为真；第一句为假，第二句或真或假。
所以第一句蕴含第二句。
)2.Conceptual meaning is not______（分数：2.00）A.affective √B.cognitiveC.logicD.denotative解析：解析：（概念意义是逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容，而不是感情的。
)3.The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word______（分数：2.00）A.is interpreted through the mediation of concept. √B.is related to the thing it refers to.C.is the idea associated with that word "in the minds of speakers".D.is the image it is represented in the mind.解析：解析：（语义三角学说认为词汇的意义是通过概念表现出来的。
)4.Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or______which can not be determined by the context. （分数：2.00）A.homonymy √B.antonymyC.meronymyD.synonymy解析：解析：（当语境无法决定多义词或同音异义词的具体含义时，就会产生分歧。
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc
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[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11一、简答题1 The following four sentences present four different usages of the word不过. Please discuss the distinctions and connections among the four usages, illustrating your points with your own examples where necessary.1)不过二年，君必无患。
2)他十七岁就结婚，一年后当了爸爸不过十八岁。
3)这是个乖巧不过的孩子。
4)我也没有长策，不过这种事情，其事已迫，不能计出万全的。
2 Comment on the following observation in about 150 words.(武汉大学2010研)"The meaning of a word is not an unanalysable whole. "3 When a teacher says "it's so hot in here" during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation.(人大2002研)4 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory.(北航2008研) Customer; Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter; Don't worry, there's no extra charge.5 Explain speech act theory and list the different kinds of speech acts with examples for each.(浙江大学2004研)6 Discuss the following sentences in terms of violation of maxims in the cooperative principle.(浙江大学2007研)a. I think he was married and had a lioness at home.b. A: What do you intend to do? B: I have a terrible headache.c. A: Where've you been? B: Out.7 Discuss the following advertisement extensively: "你不理财，财不理你".(浙江大学2007研)8 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said哎，几点了?and the second said不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?(北外2007研)9 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analyse and explain the phenomenon.(北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编12
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编12(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：the meaning of its structure）解析：解析：（句子的意义是由词汇意义与句子结构两者决定的。
)2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：co一hyponyms）解析：解析：（同类中的成员叫做同下义词。
)3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：consequence; change brought about by）解析：4.When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：illocutionary）解析：解析：（行事行为是表达说话人意图的行为，老师所说的话表明了让学生努力学习的意图。
英语专业八级考试资料大汇总
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英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20(总分：132.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.In traditional grammar, 1is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into 1words and 2words. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________4.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________6.A 1morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1 is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________9.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an 1affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10. 1is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that call be used only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and 1. (北京邮电大学2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1changes. That is, the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant (中山大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; 1and 2root.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________14.A word formed by derivation is called a 1, and a word formed by compounding is called a 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________二、判断题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)15.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are content words. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all open class items. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The words "loose" and "books" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.A stem is the base form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.The words "water" and "teacher" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The words "boys" and "raise" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.Analogic change refers to the reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真26.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)27.Words like pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are______items. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.open-classB.closed-classC.neither open-class nor closed-class28.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.lexical wordsB.grammatical wordsC.function wordsD.form words29.Bound morphemes do not include______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.rootsB.prefixesC.suffixesD.words30.______other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Polymorphemic wordsB.Bound morphemesC.Free morphemes31.______refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or number.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.AffixationB.InflectionC.DerivationD.Conjugation32.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break — daybreak. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.inflection and compoundpound and derivationC.inflection and derivationpound words consist of______ morphemes. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.boundB.freeC.both bound and free34.Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.WTOB.MotelC.BookshelfD.red-faced35.Which of the following words are formed by blending? (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.girlfriendB.televisionD.bunch36.The word UN is formed in the way of______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending37.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change? (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.INVENTION.B.ACRONYM.C.LEXICON.nguage has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of______. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.phonologyB.lexiconC.syntaxD.semantics39."Wife", which used to refer to any woman, stands for "a married woman" in modern English. This phenomenon is known as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing40.It is true that words may shift in meaning, i. e. semantic change. The semantic change of the word tail belongs to______.（分数：2.00）A.narrowing of meaningB.meaning shiftC.loss of meaningD.widening of meaning41.A suffix is an affix which appears______.（分数：2.00）A.after the stemB.before the stemC.in the middle of the stemD.below the stem四、简答题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)42.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme?(南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.What are phonologically conditioned and morphologically conditioned form of morphemes? (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 45.How are affixes classified? (四川大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________46.A number interesting word-formation processes can be discerned in the following examples. Can you identify what is going on in these?(a) The deceased's cremains were scattered over the hill.(b) He's always taking pills, either uppers or downers. (上海交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 47.How to distinguish root and stem?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 48.Illustrate the relationship between morpheme and allomorph by examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 49.What are closed-class words and open-class words?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)50.Open-class words (浙江大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 51.Lexical word (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Morpheme (武汉大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Stem (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.inflectional morpheme (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Free morphemes (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.Bound morpheme (上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Inflection (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ pound (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.Allomorph (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.Back-formation(四川大学2008研；北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Prefix (北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 62.cognate(南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)63.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 64.Semantic change plays a very important role in widening the vocabulary of a language. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 65.Illustrate the ways of lexical change. (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 66.What are the major types of semantic Changes? (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2011年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2011年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：62.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.______ is a central vowel.（分数：2.00）A.[e]B.[i]C.[u]D.[a]2.Which of the following is a pair of relational opposites?（分数：2.00）A.single vs. marriedB.hot vs. coldC.alive vs. deadD.husband vs. wife3.Which of the following is a minimal pair?（分数：2.00）A.pet, kidB.put, pestC.cave, shaveD.must, taste4.Which of the following ways of word-formation does not change the grammatical class of the stems?（分数：2.00）poundB.inflectionC.derivationD.coinage5.Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）rynx is what we sometimes call "Adam"s apple".B.The International Phonetic Alphabet uses narrow transcription.C.There are two nasal consonants in English.D.It is sounds by which we make communicative meaning.6.A ______has been added to Chomsky"s first model of grammar as shown in his Aspects of the Theory of Syntax(1965).（分数：2.00）A.set of rewriting rulesponent of categoriesC.semantic componentD.word classification7.According to the manner of articulation,[m]is a______.（分数：2.00）A.bilabialB.plosiveC.nasalteral8."I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. " This shows that language has the design feature of______.（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.creativityC.dualityD.displacement9.______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.（分数：2.00）nguepetencemunicative competenceD.Linguistic potential10.Which of the following is an "inflectional suffix"?（分数：2.00）A.-istB.-aryC.-ingD.-ify11.In today"s grammar we normally say that English does not have a " future tense". This is because in English ______.（分数：2.00）A.the future is not expressed by morphological changeB.the future can be expressed in many waysC.the future belongs to the category of "aspect"D.the future is expressed by modal verbs12.______is a phenomenon that in some speech communities two languages exist side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes.（分数：2.00）A.BilingualismB.DiglossiaC.PidginD.Creole13.______ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.（分数：2.00）A.RegisterB.Linguistic repertoireC.IdiolectD.Dialect14.Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?（分数：2.00）A.positional relationsB.relations of co-occurrenceC.relations of expansionD.relations of substitutability15.All of the following are characteristics of implicature EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.conventionalityB.non-detachabilityC.cancellabilityD.calculability16."He has already trunked two packs" is an example of______error.（分数：2.00）A.anticipationB.exchangeC.morpheme-exchangeD.perception17.The criterion used in IC analysis is______.（分数：2.00）A.constructionB.constituentC.structureD.substitutability18.According to G. Leech, who recognizes 7 types of meaning in his Semantics, ______ makes up the central part.（分数：2.00）A.conceptual meaningB.connotative meaningC.social meaningD.thematic meaning19."The Club" is a device for blocking an automobile"s steering wheel, thus protecting the car from being stolen. And one of its ads reads:The Club ! FD Anti-theft device for cars Police Say: " Use it" or Lose It In terms of the Gricean theory, what maxim is exploited here?（分数：2.00）A.the maxim of mannerB.the maxim of relevanceC.the maxim of qualityD.the maxim of quantity20.What semantic relation do the following sentences have?A. I saw a girl.B. I saw a child.（分数：2.00）A.contradictionB.entailmentC.synonymD.Presupposition二、名词解释(总题数：6，分数：12.00)21.semantic field theory(3 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.favourite sentence type(4 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 23.free variation(3 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis(4 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.endocentric construction(3 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.back formation(3 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、写作题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)27.Choose any THREE of the following questions to analyze. Write the number of the question and your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Discuss the major contributions of Saussure to modern linguistics.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ment on the "innateness hypothesis".（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.Explain the purpose and significance of reconstruction in historical linguistics and the method employed by historical linguists.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.How do you interpret the distinctions between language acquisition and language learning?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________31.How do you comment on the two frequently used analogies for attempted inference on the origin of language: the acquisition of speech by children and the structures and characteristics of so-called "primitive" languages?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is Polonius?Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating withexamples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or aphrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determinesspeakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teachingtextbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain orinsertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,e.g.spinle--spindle.4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(Word最新版)
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案通过整理的英语语言学试卷精粹及答案相关文档，渴望对大家有所扶植，感谢观看！有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct“ linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme “vision“ in the common word “television“ is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator主从连词5、“Can I borrow your bike?“ ___ “You have a bike.“ A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化. A、elaboration B、simplification精简C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca通用语B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and the angular gyrus角回B、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and cerebral cortex C、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and neurons D、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and Exner＇s area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition 其次部分非选择题II. Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines “competence“ as the ideal user＇s k of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something＇s being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he＇s), Black English can d the form of “be“. 19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference,overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) ()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The compound word “bookstore“ is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. ()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers＇perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%) 31、duality 32、diachronic linguistics 33、broad transcription 34、morphological rules 35、phrase structure rule 36、relational opposites 37、componential analysis 38、context 39、euphemism 40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language. 英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "linguistics" is derived from which language?A. LatinB. GreekC. GermanD. French答案：A2. What is the study of language in terms of its structure and form?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SyntaxD. Semantics答案：C3. Which of the following is a branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words and sentences?A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Psycholinguistics答案：A4. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is known as:A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax答案：A5. What is the smallest meaningful unit in a language?A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. WordD. Sentence答案：B6. The process of changing a word's form to express different grammatical relationships is called:A. InflectionB. DerivationC. SyntaxD. Agreement答案：A7. Which of the following is a sociolinguistic phenomenon?A. Code-switchingB. Language acquisitionC. Language changeD. Phonological rules答案：A8. The study of how language is used in social contexts is known as:A. PragmaticsB. SociolinguisticsC. PsycholinguisticsD. Computational linguistics答案：B9. What is the term for the systematic arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language?A. SyntaxB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Phonology答案：A10. The study of language change over time is called:A. Historical linguisticsB. Comparative linguisticsC. Structural linguisticsD. Applied linguistics答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and cognitive processes is known as ________.答案：Psycholinguistics2. A dialect is a ________ of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of speakers.答案：variety3. The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a language is called a ________.答案：phoneme4. The branch of linguistics that studies the origin and historical development of languages is ________.答案：Historical linguistics5. The use of language to convey meaning is the focus of the field of ________.答案：Pragmatics6. The study of how children acquire language is a part of________.答案：Psycholinguistics7. The process of creating new words by combining existing words or word parts is known as ________.答案：Compounding8. The study of the relationship between language and culture is a part of ________.答案：Anthropological linguistics9. The branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words and phrases is called ________.答案：Semantics10. The study of how languages are used in different social contexts is known as ________.答案：Sociolinguistics三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between phonetics and phonology.答案：Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds, such as their production, transmission, and perception. Phonology, on the other hand, is the study of the abstract patterns and organization of sounds within a language, focusing on how these sounds function in the system of a particular language.2. Describe the role of syntax in language.答案：Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a language. It dictates how words combine to form phrases and sentences and how they can be arranged to create well-formed and meaningful expressions.3. What is the significance of sociolinguistics in understanding language use?答案：Sociolinguistics is significant in understanding language use because it explores the relationship between language and society. It examines how language varies with different social factors, such as age, gender, social class, and ethnicity, and how these variations affect communication and social interaction. This field helps us to understand the role of language in shaping social identities and in reflecting social structures.。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编18
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编18(总分：162.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：33，分数：66.00)1.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and 1 of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Conventionality）解析：解析：语言学习过程中学习者必须识记一些固定搭配或约定俗成的习语谚语等，因此使得语言学习比较费力。
2.In Saussure's view, the relationship between signifier(sound image) and signified (concept) is 1(北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Arbitrary）解析：解析：索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
3.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with. (人大2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Meaning）解析：解析：索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。