英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
英语语言学期末试题练习答案
文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]英语语言学练习题I ∙ MatChingMatCh each Of the following terms in COlUmn A With One Of th©appropria te defi nit ions in COlUnIn B.COlUmn A1. displacement 10. motivation 19.blending2. IangUe 11.arbitrariness 20. CUItUre3. SUPraSegmentaI PetenCe 21. lea:Tningfeature 13. broad Strategies4. deep Strueture transcription 22.SeIeCtiOnaI5. PrediCatiOn 14.morphology restrictionsanalysis 15. CategOry 23.PhraSe Structure 6. idiolect 16. errors rules7・ Pidgin POnential 24.CUItUre8. IniStakeS analysis CIiffUSiOn9. interlanguage 18. COntextCOlUmn BA.LearnerS t independent SyStem Of the SeCOnd language, WhiChis Of neither the native IangUage nor the SeCOnd language, but a COntinUUnI Or approximation from his native IangUage to the target IangUage・9B.Learner, S attitudes and affective State Or Iearning drive,having a Strong impact On his efforts n Iearning a SeCOnelIangUage・21C.The rules that SPeCify the COnStituents Of SyntaCticCategories・ 23D.ThrOUgh COnlmUniCatiOnJ SOme el emen ts Of CUltUre A enter CUltUreB and become Part Of CUltUre B. 24E. A PerSOnaI dialect Of an individual SPeaker that COmbineSelements regarding regional, social, gender, and age VariatiOnS・6F. A SPeCiaI IangUage Variety that mixes Or blends IangUageS andit is USed by PeOPIe WhO SPeak different IangUageS for restricted PUrPOSeS SUCh as trading・7G.The kind Of analysis WhiCh involves the breaking down OfPrediCatiOnS into their COnStitUents ------- arguments andPrediCateS・ 5H.They refer to COnStraintS Orl What IeXiCaI items Can go WithWhat Others・22I.The StrUCture formed by the XP rule in accordance With the head' SSUbCategOriZatiOn PrOPertieS・ 4J. K. L. M. N. O.P. Q. R. S.T . U .V .W .X.The PhOnemiC features that OCCUr above the IeVeI Of the Segments. 3The StUdy Of the internal StrUCtUre Of WOrdSJ and the rules that govern the rule Of WOrd formation.The abstract IingUiStiCSPeeCh COnImUnity. 2 LangUage Can be USed immediate SitUatiOnS distinctive features Learner? S conscious,14SyStenl Shared by all the members Of arefer to COnteXtS removed from the theSPeaker・ It is One Of thehuman IangUage・ 1goal-oriented and PrObIenI-SOIVing basedtoOfOfefforts to achieve Iearning efficiency・10The total Way Of Iife Of a people, including the PatternS Of belief, CUStOmSJ ObjeCts, InStitUtions, IangUage that CharaCteriZeS the Iife Of 20The COnImOn knowledge Shared by both the 18techniques, and thehuman COnlmUnity.SPeaker and hearer.The Way Of WOrd formation by WhiCh new WOrdS may be formed by COmbining PartS Of Other WOrdS・ 19A group Of IingUiStic items WhiCh fulfill the Same Or SinliIar functions in a PartiCUIar language, SUCh as a sentence, a noun PhraSe Or a Verb・ 15A Way PrOPOSeCl by the StrUCtUraI SemantiCiStS to analyze WOrd meaning・ ThiS approach believes that the meaning Of a WOrd Can be dissected into meaning COmPOnents. 17The ideal USer, S knowledge Of the rules Of his IangUage・12 One Of the PrOPertieS Of human IangUage・ It means that there is no IOgiCal COnneCtiOn between meanings and SOUndS・ 11 A Way to transcribe SPeeCh SOUndS With letter-symbols only.13They reflect gaps In a Iearner, S knowledge Of the target IangUageJ not Self-COrrigibIe・16They reflect OCCaSiOnaI IaPSeS in PerfOrmanCe・ 8II ・ BIank-filling.FilI in the following blanks With a word, WhOSe initial Ietter has been given.1."A rose by any Other name WOUld SmelI as SWeet・” ThiSQUOtatiOn is a good illustration Of the a _______ nature OfIangUage・ Arbitrary2.The description Of a IangUage at SOme POint Of time inhistory is a SynChrOniC study; the description Of a IangUage as it ChangeS through time IS a d _________ StUdy. DiaChrOniC3.ChOmSky defines C _____ as the ideal user" S knowledge Of therules Of his language, and PerfOrmanCe the actual realization Of this knowledge in IingUiStic COmmUniCatiOrι. COmPetenCe4.In the PrOdUCtiOn Of VOWeIS the air Streain COlning from theIUngS meets With no o _____ ・ ThiS marks the essentialCIifferenCe between VOWeIS and COnSOnantS・ ObStrUCtiOn5.The different PhOneS that Can represent a PhOneme inCIifferent PhOnetiC environments are Called the a ______ Of the PhOneme・ AlIOPhOne6.AlIOPhOneS Of the Same PhOneme Cannot OCCUr in the SamePhOnetiC environment・ They are Said to be in C ______CIiStribUtiO n. COmPIeme nt ary7・ When pitch, Stress and SOUncl Iength are tied to the SentenCe rather than the WOrCl in ISOIation, they are COlIeCtiVeIy known as i ___________ ・IntOnation8.The m ____ Unit Of meaning is traditionally CalIed morpheme・MinimUln9.I ___ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the mostPart PUreIy grammatical markers, Signifying SUCh COnCePtS astense, number, CaSe and SO OrL InfIeCtiOnal10.PhraSeS that are formed Of more than One WOrd USUalIyCOntain three elements： head, SPeCifierJ and C ______ ・COmPlement11.COnCerning the StUdy Of meaning, COnCePtUaIiSt VieW holdsthat there IS no direct Iink between a IingUiStiC form and What it refers to; rather, in the interpretation Of meaning they are Iinked through the mediation Of C ________________ in the mind・COnCePt12.The SenSe relation between U animaI n and U dog v is CalIeclh ___ ・ hyponymy13.P ___ refers to the PhenOmenOn that the Same WOrd may have aSet Of CIifferent meanings・ POIySemy14.What essentially distinguishes Semantics and PragmatiCS isWhether in the StUdy Of meaning the C _______ Of USe is takeninto COnSideratiOn. COntext15.S ___ refers to the IingUiStic Variety CharaCteriStiC Of aPartiCUIar SOCiaI ClaSS・ SOCiOIeCt16.WHO is an a ____ derived from the initials Of "World HeaIthOrganization v・ ACronynI17.ACCOrding to HalIiday, IangUage VarieS as its function VarieS: itCIifferS in different SitUatiOnS・ The type OfIangUage WhiCh IS SeIeCted as appropriate to the type OfSitUatiOn is a r _____ ・ RegiSter18. In CrOSS-CUItUral CommUniCation, SOme elements Of CUltUre Aenter CUltUre B and become Part Of CUItUre B, thus bringing aboUt the PhenOmenOn Of CUltUraI d ____________ ・ DiffUSiOn19. WhiIe the first IangUage is acquired S ______ J the SeCOnd Orforeign IangUage is more COnImOnIy Iearned COnSCiOUSIy ・SUbCOnSCiOUSIy20. LangUage a ______ refers to a natural ability forSeCOnd IangUage ・ ACqUiSition21. VibratiOn Of VOCaI COrdS results in a QUaIity OfSOUndS CalIed U V ________ " , WhiCh is a feature Of and SOme COnSOnantS in EngIiSh ・ VOiCe22. The PhOnenIiC features that OCCUr above the IeVeI Segment are CalIed S ____ features ・ SUPraSegmentaI23. MOrPhOIOgy refers to the StUdy Of the internal StrUCtUre Of WOrdSand rules for WOrel f ・ FOrnlatiOn24. The minimal Unit Of meaning is traditionally CalIed m ________ ・MOrPheme25. The SenSe relation between "autumn" and U fall n is CalIeclS ___ ・ SynOnym26. H ___ refers to the PhenOmenOn that WOrdS having differentmeanings have the Same form, i ・ e. J different WOrdS areidentiCaI in SOUnd Or SPelIingJ Or in both. HOmOnymy27. In daily COnlmUniCation, PeOPIe do not always ObSerVe the fourmaxims Of the CO-OPeratiVe PrinCiPIe ・ COnVerSatiOnaIi ___ WOUld arise When the maxims are flouted ・ Implicature28. SARS is an a ____ derived from the initials Of U SeVere ACUteReSPiratOry SynClrOme M ・ Ac:TOnym29. I ___ is a PerSOnaI CIiaIeCt Of an individual SPeaker thatCOmbineS elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age VariatiOnS ・ IdiOIeCt30. RP, the ShOrt form Of "R ______ PrOnUnCiatiOn n refers to thePartiCUIar Way Of PrOnOUnCing Standard EngIiSh ・ ReCeiVedIlL MUItiPle ChOiCe ・ChOOSe the best answer to the following items ・1. ___ is COnSidered to be the father Of modern IingUiStiCS ・A. N ・ ChOmSkyB. F. de SaUSSUreC. LeOnarCi BIOOInfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2・ In the SCOPe Of IingUiStics, _____ form the Part Of IangUageWhiCh IinkS together the SOUnd Pattern and meaning ・ SPeeCh all VOWeISOf theA. morphology and SyntaXB. PhOnetiCS and semanticsC. SemantiCS and SyntaX D ・ mo:TPhOlOgy and SemantiCSStUdieS the SOUndS from the hearer , S POint Of view, i ・ e. , how the SOUndS are PerCeiVed by the hearer ・A ・ auditory PhOnetiCS B. acoustic PhOnetics C. articulatory PhOneticsWhiCh Of the following WOrdS begins With a velar voiced StOP A.godB. bossC. COCkD. dog WhiCh Of the following WOrdS ends With a dentaL voiceless friestive _A. roseB. WaVeC. ClOthD. massage WhiCh Of the following WOrdS COrItains a back, open andunrounded VOWel _inflectional morphemes except ___ ・A. PaintSB. PaiIIterC.Painted D. Painting WhiCh Of the following WOrdS has more than three morphemesA.PSyChOPhySiCS B. boyfriends C. forefather D.undesirabilityThe Pair Of WOrdS "dead and alive ,t is CalIed ______ ・A. gradable antonymsB. relational OPPOSiteS C ∙comp 1 ©mentary BntonyinSWhiCh Pair Of the following WOrdS Can be Categorized asStyliStiC SynOnymS __A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. IUggage & baggageX ： JOhn has given UP SmOking ・Y: JOhrl USed to SmOke ・The SenSe relation between the above SentenCeS is _____ 3.4.5. 6. 7. & 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.A. god WhiCh Of A. [h] WhiCh OfB. boot the following B. Ek] the following B. kill, D. taskSOUnd _____D . T?FC. WaIk is NOt a Velar C. [g] is NOt a IninimaI Pair ____ PilI C. peak, pig,D. meat, Seat is an OPerl CIaSS WOrdS ____ C. the D. theyA. bat, bite WhiCh Of the following A ・ emailB. but The Underlined morphemes in the following belong to theA・X βntails Y B. X PreSUPPOSeS YC. X is SynOnymOUS With YD. X is InCOnSiStent With Y X: My father has been to LOndOn.Y: My father has been to UK.The SenSe relation between the above SentenCeS is _______A. X entails YB. X PreSUPPOSeS YC. X is SynOnymOUS With YD. X is inconsistent With Y16. When We ViOlate any Of the maxims Of CO-OPeratiVe PrinCipie,OUr IangUage Inight become _____ ・A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirect D ・ UnClea:T17. ACCOrding to SearI t S CIaSSifiCatiOn Of SPeeCh acts, WhiChOf the following is an instance Of CIireCtiVeS ______A. I fire you!B. YOUr money Or your life!C. I'm SOrry for the mess I have made ・D ・ I have never Seen the man before ・imitation and habit formation ______ ・A. Th © behaviorist viewB. The InnatiSt VieWC. The interactionist VieWD. The COgrlitive theory23. WhiCh Of the following SentenCeS is an example OfOVergeneraliZatiOn _____ ・A. Jane told me to give UP SmOking ・B. Jane asked me to give UP SmOking ・C. Jane advised me to give UP SmOking ・D ∙ Jane suggested me to give UP smoking.24. WhiCh Of the following hypotheses is PUt forth by Dr.KraShen ____ ・A. CritiCaI PeriOd HyPOtheSiSB. InPUt HyPOtheSiSC. LangUage ACqUiSitiOn DeViCe HyPOthesisD. Sapir- WhOrf HyPOthesis25. WhO among the following IingUiSts PUt forward CO-OPeratiVethe following WOrdS is B. CraSh 18. WhiCh Of A ∙ t ΓΘΘ bang 19. The WOrd A. blend 20. WhiCh OfCIiPPing A. memo B. motel C. quake 21. ACCOrding to HalIiday, mode Of discourseOf COnImUniCatiOn. A. SUbjeCt B. role 22. WhiCh Of the following U KOdak n is a(n) _ B. COined WOrd entirely arbitraryC. tyPewriterD.C. CIiPPeel WOrd D ・ acronym the following WOrdS is NOt formed by means OfD. gym refersto theC. SitUation theories Of IangUage acquisition Iearning is SimPIy amatter Of D ∙ meansPrinCiPIeSA. PaUI GriCe B ・ JOhn SearIe C. KraShenA. X entails YB. X PreSUPPOSeS YD. LeeCh26. WhiCh Of the following IingUiStS is the initiator Oftransformational generative grammarA. F. de SaUSSUreB. N. ChOmSkyC. G ・ LeeCh D ・ M ・A. K. HaIIiday27. When a ______ COmeS to be adopted by a POPUIatiOn as itsPrimary IangUage and Children Iearn it as their first language, it becomes __________________ ・B. A. CreOIe ・・・ Pidgin B.pidgin... CreOleC. C. regional dialect ・・・ SOCiOIeCtD.SOCiOIeCt ・・・ regional dialect28. ___ StUdieS the SOUndS from the SPeaker , S POint Of view,i. e ・, how a SPeaker USeS his SPeeCh OrganS to articulate SPeeCh SOUndS ・A. AUCIitOry PhOnetiCSB. ACOUStiC PhOnetiCS C ∙ Articulatory phon ©tics29. We know the Verb "put" requires an NP followed by a PP OrAdV ・ Thus, the PrOCeSS Of PUtting WOrdS Of the Same IeXiCaI CategOry into SmalIer CIaSSeS according to their SyntaCtiC CharaCteriStiC IS CalIeel ______ ・A. CategOriZatiOn B ∙ SUbCategorizationC. SyntaCtiC CategOrieS D ・ COOrdinatiOn30. WhiCh Of the following WOrdS COntainS a front, ClOSe andUnrOUnded VOWeI ___A. badB. bed C ∙ beat D ・ but31. The UnderIined morphemes in the following belong to the33. The Pair Of WOrdS U borrow and Iend M is CalIed __________A. gradable antonyms B ∙ rβlational opposites C.COmPIementary antonyms34. WhiCh Pair Of the following WOrdS Can be CategOriZed asCOlIOCatiOnaI SynOnymS _____A. torch & flashlight B ∙ Pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. IUggage & baggage35. X: My SiSter WilI SOOn be divorced ・derivational morphemes A ∙ faster B. Writer32. WhiCh Of the following A. email B. but except ____ ・ C. IOVeIy D. ConVerSiOn is an OPerl CIaSS WOrdS____ C. the D. theyA. PaUI GriCe B ・ JOhn SearIe C. KraShenA. X entails YB. X PreSUPPOSeS YY: My SiSter IS a married WOlnan.The SenSe relation between the above SentenCeS is ________C. X is SynOnymOUS With Y D・ X is inconsistent With Y36.X: JOhn married a blond heiress・Y: JOhn married a blond・The SentenCe relation between X and Y is _______A. X entails YB. X PreSUPPOSeS YC. X is SynOnymOUS With Y D・ X is COntradiCtOry With Y37.ACCOrding to SearI t S CIaSSifiCation Of SPeeCh acts, WhiChOf the following is NOt an instance Of directiVeS _______A.OPen the window!B.YOUr money Or your Iife!C.WOUId you Iike to go to the PiCniC With USD.I have never seen the man before.38.The WOrd "brunch” is a(n) _______ ・A∙ blend B. COined WOrd C. CIiPPed WOrel D・ acronym39.ACCOrding to HalIiday, field Of discourse refers to the OfCOmmUniCatiOn.A. SUbjeCt B・ role C. SitUatiOn D・ means40.There are different tyPeS Of affixes Or morphemes・ The affix "ed"in the WOrcl "learned" is known as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morpheme D・ free form41.WhiCh Of the following theories Of IangUage acquisitionholds that human beings are biologically PrOgranlmed for IangUage and that the IangUage develops in the Child just as Otherbiological functions SUCh as WaIking ____________ ・A. The behaviorist VieWB∙ The innatist VieWC.The interactionist VieWD.The COgnitiVe theory42.The OPening between the VOCaI COrdS is SOmetimes referred toas ___ ■A. glottisB. VOCaI CaVityC. PharynXD. UVUIa43.WhiCh Of the following hypotheses is PUt forward by EriCLenneberg ___ ・A.ClritiCaI PeriOd HyPOthesisB.InPUt HyPOthesisngUage ACqUiSitiOn DeViCe HyPOtheSiSD.SaPir-WhOrf HyPOtheSiS44.MOrPhemeS that represent tense, number, gender and CaSe areCalIed ___ morpheme・A. infleCtiOnal B . free C. bound D. derivational45.There are ____ morphemes in the WOrd denationalizationA. threeB. four C∙ five D. SiXC. StatiCD. genetiCalIy transmitted47・ PitCh Variation is known as ____ When its Patterns areimposed On SentenCeS ・ A. intonation B. ton © C. PrOnUnCiatiOn D. VOiCe48. WhiCh One is different from the OtherS according to mannersOf articulation A. [z] 49. 21. WhiCh PIaCeS Of A. [n] B. [w] C. [e] D. [v]One is different from the OtherS according toarticulationB. [m]C. [b]D. [p]30. WhiCh VOWeI is CIifferent from the OtherS according to theCharaCteriStiCS Of VOWeISA. [i:] B ・[u] C. [e] D. [i]51. What kind Of SOUndS Can We make When the VOCaI COrdS areVibratingA. VOiCeleSSB. VoicedC. GlOttai StOPD.COnSOnant32. When a ChiId USeS U mummy n to refer to any WOmanJ mostPrObabIy his "mummy” means ___________ ・A. + HUmanB. + HUman + AdUItC. + HUman + AdUlt - MaIe D ・ + HUman + AClUIt 一 MaIe + Parent33. The UtteranCe "We're already WOrking 25 hours a day, eightdays a Week ・"ObViOUSIy ViOIateS the maxim Of _________ ・A. QUaIity B ∙ quantity C. relation D ・ manner34. The Pair Of WOrdS U nOrth n and U SOUth n is _____________ ・A. gradable OPPOSiteSB. relational OPPOSitesC. co-hyponymsD. SynOnymS35. W hiCh Of the following SentenCeS is NoT an example Of cross-associationA. Other / anotherB. InUCh / manyC. StaIagmite / StaIagtite D ∙ bow / bow36. _____ describes Whether a PrOPOSitiOn is true Or false ・A. TrUthB. TrUth ValUeC. Truth COndition D ・ FaISehOOel37. "John Sent Mary a POSt Card ・"is a CaSe OfA. One 一PlaCe PreeIiCatiOnB. two-place PrediCatiOnC. thτθθ-place predication D ・ no 一PIaCe PrediCatiOn58. ,,John killed BilI but BilI didn' t die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. PreSUPPOSitionC. anomaly D ・ COntradiCtiOn59. ____ refers to the PrOCeSS Whereby a WOrd is ShOrtenedWithOUt a Change in the meaning and in the Part Of SPeeCh ・46. LangUage isA. instinctiveB. non —instinctive60.A. BIenCIing B. Back-formation C. CIiPPing D. COnVerSiOn61.W hiCh Of the following aspects is NOT the COre Of the StUdy Ofgeneral IingUiStiCSA. SOUndB. StructureC. meaningD. applicationΓV. TrUe Of false judgment∙JUdge Whether the following Stat©ments are true Or false. Write T in the corresponding brack©t for a true Statement and F for a false one∙1.LingUiStiCS StUdieS IangUageS in general, but not anyPartiCUIar language, e. g・ English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T2.MOdern IingUiStics regards the Written IangUage as the natural OrPrimary medium Of human IangUage・ F3.In narrow transcription, We transcribe the SPeeCh SOUndS WithIetter-SymbOIS OnIy WhiIe in broad transcription We transcribe the SPeeCh SOUndS With Ietter-SymbOIS together With the CIiaCritiCS・T4.By diachronic StUdy We mean to StUdy the ChangeS and development OfIangUage・ TPIete homonyms are Often brought into being by coincidence. T6.Of the three PhOnetics branches, the IOngeSt established one, andUntiI recently the most highly developed, is acoustic PhOnetiCS・ F 7・ The meaning Of the WOrd U SeaI M in the SentenCe "the SeaI COUld not be found v CannOt be determined UnIeSS the COnteXt in WhICh theSentenCe OCCUrS is restored・ T8.An InnatiSt VieW Of IangUage acquisition holds that human beingsare biologically PrOgranImecl for IangUage・ T9.ACCOrCIing to CO-OPeratiVe PrinCipie, the COnVerSatiOnaIPartiCiPantS have to StriCtly ObSerVe the four maxims, SO that the COnVerSatiOn Can go On SUCCeSSfUlly. F10.T he Same WOrd may Stir UP different association In PeOPIe Underdifferent CUItUraI background・ T11.A ChiId WhO enters a foreign IangUage SPeeCh COmmUnity by the ageOf three Or four Can Iearn the new IangUage WithOUt the trace Of an accent・ T12.In COmmUniCatiOn it WilI never be the CaSe that What is grammaticalis not acceptable, and What is UngranlmatiCaI may not beinappropriate. F13.MOdern IingUiStics is mostly descriptive・ T14.SinCe there is no IOgiCaI COnneCtion between meanings and SOUnds,IangUage is absolUtely arbitrary. F13.VOWeIS may be distinguished as front, Central and back according tothe manner Of articulation. F16.APPIied IingUiStiCS is the application Of IingUiStIC PrinCiPIeS andtheories to IangUage teaching and Iearning・ F17.A PhOnOIOgiCaI feature Of the EngIiSh COmPOUndS IS that the StreSSOf the WOrCl always falls On the first element, and the SeCOnCl element receives SeCOndary StreSS・ F18.AlI the affixes belong to bound morphemes・ T19.A POIySenIiC WOrd is the result Of the evolution Of the Primarymeaning Of the WOrd・ T20.ACCOrCIing to the innatist VieW Of IangUage acquisition, OnIy Whenthe IangUage is modified and adjusted to the IeVeI Of Children t S COmPrehenSion, do they PrOCeSS and internalize the IangUage ItemS・F21.When a Child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a1anguage-specific CUItUre and becomes SOCiaIiZed In Certain WayS・T22.ACCOrCIing to Austin, the PerfOrmatiVe UtteranCe IS USed toPerfOriII an action, it also has truth VaIUe・ F23.Children Can Iearn their native IangUage WelI WheneVer they Startand WhateVer kinds Of IangUage SamPIeS they receive・ F24.DUaIity is One Of the CharaCteriStiCS Of human IangUage・ It refersto the fact that IangUage has two IeVelS Of StrUCtUreS: the SyStem Of SOUndS and the SyStenI Of meanings・ T25.LingUiStiC forms having the Same SenSe may have CIifferentreferences in different SitUatiOnS WhiIe IingUiStic forms With the Same reference always have the Same SenSe・ FV. Give a ShOrt answer to each Of the following quβstiOns∙1.SenSe and reference are two terms Often encountered in the StUdy OfWOrd meaning・ What are they and how are they related to each Other P662.ACCOrcIing to HalIiday, What is register What are the SOCiaIVariabIeS that determine the register P117-1183.What are the main features Of human IangUage that essentially makeit different from Other animal COnImUniCation SyStems P8- 94.GiVe a brief illustration to the U SemantiC triangle n SUggeSted byOgden and RiChardS・ P63~64VL ESSay question.1.ACCOrding to AUStin, What are the three acts a PerSOn is POSSibIyPerfOrnling WhiIe making an UtteranCe GiVe an example toillustrate this P80-822.What are the four maxims Of the CP IlIUSt:Tate With examples howflouting these maxims gives rise to COnVerSational ImplicatureP85-883.PIeaSe ObSerVe the following SentenCeS: all Of them are IIOt WelIformed・ What rules does each Of the following SentenCeS ViOIate And What are the two aspects in terms Of Sentence meaning PIeaSe IlIUStrate briefly.1)He ated the Cake yesterday.2)We WilI gone to Beijing tomorrow.3)The table intended to marry the Chair・4)My favorite fruit is red PearS・Pleas© take a IOOk at the seetion 5.5. 2 (page 73) to thefirst ParagraPh On page 74∙1.The meaning Of SentenCe is not the SUm total Of the meanings Ofall ItS COmPOnentS・ And it includes both grammatical meaning and Semantic meaning・2.The grammatical meaning Of a SentenCe refers to itsgrammaticality, WhiCh is governed by the grammatical rules Of the IangUage・ Any ViOlatiOn Can result in mistakes, making a SentenCe UnaCCePtable・SUCh as SentenCe 1) has a WrOng WOrd "ated” and 2) has U WilI gone,,;3.BUt grammatically WelI-formed SentenCeS Can StilI beUnaCCePtabIe because Whether a Sentence is SemantiCalIy meaningful is decided by rules CalIeel SeIeCtiOnaI restrictions, in Otherwords, COnStraints On What IeXiCaI items Can go With What others・SOme SerItences may be grammatically WelI-formed, yet they may not be SemantiCalIy meaningful because they COntain WOrdS WhiCh are not SUPPOSed to go together・ For example, as We Can find inSentence 3) and 4), no table WOUId intend to marry the ChairUnIeSS in a children1 S StOry and there is no red PearS USUalIy in the WOrIcl・ Therefore, SOme SeIeCtiOnaI restrictions have been ViOIa ted.。
成人教育《英语语言学》期末考试复习题及参考答案
一、单项选择题1.The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same company.DA、would not workB、will not workC、does not workD、did not work2.Mike promised to keep me ______ how our business was going on.BA、informedB、informed ofC、to be informedD、to be informed of3.I have no objection ______ for a hike on the mountains with Cynthia.CA、to goB、goingC、to goingD、of going4.____ a teacher in our college, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree.AA、To becomeB、One becomesC、Becoming ofD、Who becomes5.All the task ______ ahead of time, we planned to go on holiday for a week.DA、had fulfilledB、having fulfilledC、were fulfilledD、having been fulfilled6.Not until the game had begun ______ the sports ground.AA、did Peter arrive atB、Peter arrived atC、didn’t Peter arrive atD、Peter didn’t arrive at7.I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I ________.DA、had toB、might have toC、have hadD、should have8.I will give the ticket to _______ wants to have it.BA、whomeverB、whoeverC、some oneD、anyone9.The reason _______ I did not go to the lecture yesterday was that I had something important to do.DA、whichB、for thatC、becauseD、why10.Be careful with those explosives _______ end up killing ourselves.CA、then we won’tB、but we won’tC、or we willD、and we will11.The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for three hours ____ last night.CA、at lengthB、in fullC、on endD、in time12.I don’t play basketball any more, _________ when I was a child.AA、but I used toB、I used toC、but I used to doD、I used to do13.Living here at the top of the mountain with no one else near, the old man must be very ____. DA、onlyB、aloneC、loneD、lonely14.I can’t read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too____.AA、faintB、foggyC、transparentD、misty15. A highly organized system of irrigation is ____ Chinese agriculture.AA、typical ofB、consistent withC、famous forD、subject to16.Jack is very ____ about wines.BA、awareB、knowledgeableC、learnedD、informed17.As for Ann, I am not sure about her ____ in Italian.AA、fluencyB、clarityC、coherenceD、excellency18.It was _____ that we went for a picnic in the country.CA、such nic e a dayB、such nice dayC、so nice a dayD、so nice day19.By the end of next month I ______ here for five years.DA、will workB、have been workingC、have workedD、will have been working20.Much research _______ into the possible causes of the disease in the past few years.AA、has been doneB、was doneC、have been doneD、were done21.The teacher told us that we didn’t have to _____ every new word we ran into when reading. CA、look overB、look throughC、look upD、look into22.When he wrote to his father that he wanted to ____ his education and get married, his father cut off his allowance.AA、give upB、give outC、give inD、give away23.His speech was warmly received. It was several minutes before the applause _______.AA、died downB、died ofC、died outD、died off24.Mr. Zhang makes _____ a point to keep up with the latest development in his field.CA、thisB、thatC、itD、these25.In many countries now seat belts are _____ for the driver and front seat passengers at least.。
最新2019英语语言学期末试题练习+答案.docx
最新 2019 英语语言学期末试题练习+ 答案Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitionsin Column B.Column A1.最新 2019英语8.mistakes17.语言学期末试题9.interlanguage18.context练习 +答案10.motivation19.blendingngue11.arbitrariness20.culture3.suprasegmental feature12.21.learning strategies4.deep structure13.broad transcription22.selectional restrictions5.predication analysis14.morphology23.phrase structure rules6.idiolect15.category24.culture diffusion7.pidgin16.errors最新 2019 英语语言学期末试题练习+ 答案A. Learners ’ indepentdesystem of the second language， which is of neither the nativelanguage nor the second language， but a continuum or approximation from his nativelanguage to the target language. 9B.Learner ’ s attitudes and affective state or learning drive， having a strong impact on hisefforts n learning a second language. 21C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23D.24E. 6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people whospeak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents----- arguments and predicates. 5H. They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.22I. The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ s propertiessubcategorization.4J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3K.The study of the internal structure of words ， and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L. 2nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N.Learner ’conscious， goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O.20P.18Q. .19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language，such as a sentence， a noun phrase or a verb. 15S.17T.The ideal user’ s knowledge of the rules of his language12.U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W. They reflect gaps in a learner’ s knowledge of the target，languagenotself-corrigible.16X. They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word ， whose initial letter has been given.1. “ A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of thea____ nature of language. Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; thedescription of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user Competence’4._. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments arecalled the a____ of the phoneme.Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. Theyare said to be in c____ distribution.7.When pitch ， stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation，they are collectively known as i____. Intonation8. The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammaticalmarkers， signifying such concepts as tense， number， case and so on. Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head，specifier ， and c____. Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning ，conceptualist view holds that there is no direct linkbetween a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather ， in the interpretation of meaning theyare linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12. The sense relation between“ animal” and“ dog” hyponymyiscalled____.13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningthe c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials o f “ World Health Organization Acronym”.17.According to Halliday ， language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.Register18.Diffusion19.Subconsciouslynguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called”， which is a “vfeature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____ features.Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f____.Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____. Morpheme25.The sense relation between autumn”“ and fall“” is calleds____. Synonym26. H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form，i.e. ， different words are identical in sound or spelling ， or in both. Homonymy27.Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “ SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome ”. Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an indi Idiolect30. RP， the short form of“ R____ Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of pronouncingstandard English. ReceivedⅢ .Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics ， ____ form the part of language which links together the soundpattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and semantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’，s point.e.，of howview the sounds are perceivedby the hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatory phonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____A. godB. bossC. cockD. dog5.Which of the following words ends with a dental， voiceless fricative? ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back，open and unrounded vowel? ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [?]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____A. bat ， biteB. kill ， pillC. peak， pig，D. meat， seat9.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD. undesirability12.The pair of words“ dead and alive” is called ____.A. gradable antonymsB. relational opposites13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y:John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y:My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl ’ s classification of speech， actswhich of the following is an instance ofdirectives? ____A.I fire you!B.Your money or your life!C.I ’ m sorry for the mess I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “ Kodak ” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning issimply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.A. The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?A.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A. F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A. K. Halliday27..B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creoleC. C. regional dialect... sociolectD. sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’，s point.e.，ofhowviewa speaker uses his speechorgans to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatory phonetics29.We know the verb “put ”requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv，. theThusprocess ofputting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntacticcharacteristic is called.A. categorization B . subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30. Which of the following words contains a front ， close and unrounded vowel? ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except____.A . faster B. writer C. lovely D. conversion32.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words borrow“ and lend ” is called ___.A. gradable antonyms B . relational opposites34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y:John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37. According to Searl’ s classification of speech，actswhich of the following is Not an instanceof directives? ____A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D.I have never seen the man before.38.The word “ brunch ” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" isknown as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologicallyprogrammed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking? ____.A.The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense， number， gender and case are called ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45. There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixnguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A.[z]B.[w]C.[e]D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B.[m]C.[b]D. [p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A.VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant52. When a child uses “ mummy” to refer to any woman ，most probably his “ mummy”means.A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult–MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day ， eight days a week." obviously violatesthe maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words“ north ” and“ south ” is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?A. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56.describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59.refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaning and in thepart of speech.A. BlendingB. Back-formationC. ClippingD. Conversion60.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the correspondingbracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1.Linguistics studies languages in general ， but not any particular language ， e.g. English ，Chinese， Arabic ， and Latin ， etc. T2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium ofhuman language. F3.In narrow transcription ， we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while inbroad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with thediacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. T5.T6.Of the three phonetics branches ， the longest established one ， and until recently the mosthighly developed ， is acoustic phonetics. F7.The meaning of the word “ seal in”the sentence “ theseal could not be found ”cannot bedetermined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmedfor language. T9.According to co-operative principle ， the conversational participants have to strictly observethe four maxims ， so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background.T11.T12. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14. Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds ， language is absolutelyarbitrary. F15.Vowels may be distinguished as front，central and back according to the manner of articulation.F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to languageteaching and learning. F17. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary meaning of the word. T20. According to the innatist view of language acquisition，only when the language is modifiedand adjusted to the level of children F’21.T22.According to Austin ， the performative utterance is used to perform an action， it also has truthvalue. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds oflanguage samples they receive. F24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that languagehas two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situationswhile linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to each of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. Whatare they and how are they related to each other? P662.According to Halliday ， what is register? What are the social variables that determine theregister? P117-1183.P8-94. Give a brief illustration to the“ semantic triangle” suggestedcharsby.P63Ogden-64 and Ri Ⅵ. Essay question.1.According to Austin ， what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making anutterance? Give an example to illustrate this? P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP? Illustrate with examples how flouting these maxims givesrise to conversational implicature? P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not well formed. What rules does eachof the following sentences violate? And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning?Please illustrate briefly.1)He ated the cake yesterday.2)We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3)The table intended to marry the chair.4)My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1.The meaning of sentence And it includes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.2.The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality ， which is governed by thegrammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes ， making a sentenceunacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated”and 2) has “will gone ”;3.But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether asentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions ， in other words， constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed ， yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example， as we can find in sentence 3) and4)， no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children ’s story and there is no redpears usually in the world. Therefore ， some selectional restrictions have been violated.。
《英语语言学》期末考试试卷附答案
《英语语言学》期末考试试卷附答案一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题3分，共60分)1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.( )A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult11.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication12.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( )A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk13.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical14.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( )A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter15.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence16.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( )misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives17.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative18.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".( )A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought20.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.( )nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use二、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。
[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案---副本
![[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案---副本](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9f18f9428e9951e79b8927a5.png)
[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案---副本5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked”is a(n) __________ morpheme.A. derivationalB.inflectionalC. freeD.word-forming6. WH-movement is __________ in Englishwhich changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.A. obligatoryB.optionalC. selectionalD.arbitrary7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _________.A. GriceB.PlatoC. SaussureD.Ogden and Richards8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”A. is synonymous withB. isinconsistent withC. entailsD.presupposes9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basicunit is called _______, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A. utterance B.referenceC. predicationD.morpheme10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.A. a perlocutionary actB. alocutionary actC. a constative actD. anillocutionary act第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of thefollowing statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. P___________ relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.12. A d_________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d___________. 14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_________ cavity and the nasal cavity.15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l_____________.16. S_____________ features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning.17. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_________ properties.18. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.19. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p____________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.20. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called thespeech c___________.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)( ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection betweenwords and what these words actually referto.( ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can begeneralized into the study of anotherlanguage.( ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in Englishbecause English, unlike Chinese, is atypical tone language.( ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit tothe number of sentences native speakers ofthat language are able to produce andcomprehend.( ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in ourmind’s eye every time we come across alinguistic symbol.( ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Goodmorning!” can be restored to “I wish you agood morning.”( ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the sameregional dialect may speak differentlybecause of a number of social factors. ( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English isnot as systematic as standard English. ( ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capableof acquiring any human languagespontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%×10=30%)31. parole:32. broad transcription:33. allophones:34. phrase structure rules:35. context36. Historical Linguistics:37. standard language:38. linguistic taboo:39. acculturation:40. care-taker speech:V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to thesystematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.参考答案第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. A2. D3. C4. C5.B6. A7. B8.C 9. C 10. D第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11. Psycholinguistics12. diachronic13. duality14. oral15. lateralization16. Suprasegmental17. recursive18. Homonymy19. protolanguage20. communityIII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection betweenwords and what these words actually referto.( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can begeneralized into the study of anotherlanguage.( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in Englishbecause English, unlike Chinese, is atypical tone language.( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit tothe number of sentences native speakers ofthat language are able to produce andcomprehend.( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in ourmind’s eye every time we come across alinguistic symbol.( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Goodmorning!” can be restored to “I wish you agood morning.”( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the sameregional dialect may speak differentlybecause of a number of social factors.( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English isnot as systematic as standard English.( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capableof acquiring any human languagespontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)31. parole: It refers to the realization of languein actual use. It is concrete and varies with context.32. Broad transcription is the transcription withletter symbols only. It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.33. Allophones are the different phones thatrepresent a phoneme in different phonetic environments.34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite ruleswhich allow for the possible combination of words to form phrases and sentences.35. Context is generally considered asconstituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.36. Historical linguistics studies languagechange ( or historical development of language).37. Standard language is a superposed, sociallyprestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word orexpression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from general use.39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to theculture and value system of the secondlanguage community.40. It is simple and modified speech used byparents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to thesystematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.1) Mother tongue interference2) interlingual interference3) Overgeneralization42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.Major periods: Old English (449-1100)Middle English (1100-1500)Modern English (1500-present)Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern English period.。
语言学试题及答案英文
语言学试题及答案英文1. 语言学是一门研究什么领域的学科？A. 人类语言B. 人类行为C. 人类文化D. 人类心理答案：A2. 请列举至少三种语言的类型。
答案：分析语言、综合语言、多词根语言。
3. 什么是音位学？A. 研究语言中意义的学科B. 研究语言中语法结构的学科C. 研究语言中声音系统的学科D. 研究语言中词汇的学科答案：C4. 下列哪项是语言学研究的主要分支？A. 社会语言学B. 物理化学C. 植物学D. 经济学答案：A5. 请解释“语言变异”的含义。
答案：语言变异指的是在不同地区、社会群体或个人之间，语言的发音、词汇、语法等方面存在的差异。
6. 什么是语用学？A. 研究语言如何被使用的学科B. 研究语言如何被创造的学科C. 研究语言如何被理解的学科D. 研究语言如何被翻译的学科答案：A7. 请列举两种语言的书写系统。
答案：表音文字（如英文）、表意文字（如汉字）。
8. 什么是语言的同化？A. 一种语言逐渐被另一种语言所替代B. 一种语言的词汇被另一种语言的词汇所替代C. 一种语言的语法结构被另一种语言的语法结构所替代D. 一种语言的发音系统被另一种语言的发音系统所替代答案：A9. 语言学中的“语料库”是什么？A. 语言学家收集的大量语言数据B. 语言学家进行实验的实验室C. 语言学家进行教学的教室D. 语言学家进行研究的图书馆答案：A10. 下列哪个术语与语言的演变无关？A. 语言演化B. 语言变迁C. 语言接触D. 语言创造答案：D。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" in linguistics refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A combination of two speech soundsC. A set of speech sounds that can be exchanged without changing the meaning of a wordD. The pronunciation of a word in a particular dialect答案：C2. Which of the following is an example of "synchronic" analysis?A. Studying how a language has changed over timeB. Studying a language at a single point in timeC. Comparing two languages from different language familiesD. Analyzing the grammar of a dead language答案：B3. The "active voice" in English is characterized by:A. The subject of the sentence performs the actionB. The subject of the sentence receives the actionC. The use of passive constructionsD. The absence of a subject in the sentence答案：A4. Which of the following sentence structures is considered "inverse"?A. Subject-Verb-ObjectB. Object-Subject-VerbC. Verb-Object-SubjectD. Subject-Object-Verb答案：B5. The process of "creolization" results in the formation of:A. A pidginB. A dialectC. A creoleD. A standard language答案：C6. In English, the word "run" can function as:a. A nounb. A verbc. An adjectived. All of the above答案：D7. The term "register" refers to:A. The highest pitch a voice can reachB. A dialect used by a particular social groupC. The level of formality in language useD. A type of linguistic accent答案：C8. The "universal grammar" hypothesis was proposed by:A. Noam ChomskyB. B.F. SkinnerC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. Edward Sapir答案：A9. The "allophone" of the English phoneme /p/ in the word "spin" is:A. Aspirated [pʰ]B. Unaspirated [p]C. Voiced [b]D. Voiceless [p]答案：A10. The linguistic concept of "polysemy" refers to:A. The use of a single word to express multiple meaningsB. The use of multiple words to express a single meaningC. The change in meaning of a word over timeD. The complete replacement of one word by another答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and the nervous system is known as __________.答案：neurolinguistics2. A(n) __________ is a word that has a meaning and stands alone, typically consisting of a single morpheme.3. The __________ of a word is the set of words that are used together with it and influence its meaning.4. In linguistics, __________ refers to the smallest unit of meaning in a language.5. The __________ is the standard form of a verb that is typically used when conjugating the verb in the present tense.6. A(n) __________ is a word that is formed from a root word and one or more affixes.7. The __________ is the study of the historical developmentof languages.8. The __________ is the systematic study of the structureand function of words.9. The __________ is the study of the way in which languages change over time due to contact with other languages.10. The __________ is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of a language and how they function in a system ofcommunication.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述语音学中的“最小对立对”概念，并给出一个英语例子。
临沂大学英语语言学期末考试试卷级参考答案
英语语言学2021年12月期末考试试卷(1)一、单选题（共20题，40分）1、When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing a _______.A、 Perlocutionary actB、 Locutionary actC、 Illocutionary actD、 None of the above正确答案： C解析：考察言外行为-表达说话者的真实意图2、__________belongs to the closed-class words.A、 CanB、 TableC、 GoD、 means正确答案： A解析：考察词汇的分类3、The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist ________ in the beginning of the twentieth century.A、 SaussureB、 ChomskyC、 HallidayD、 Fillmore正确答案： A解析：考察结构主义学派的代表人物4、The two words petrol and gasoline are__________.__A、 dialectal synonymsB、 stylistic synonymsC、 synonyms that differ in their emotive meaningD、 collocative synonyms正确答案： A5、Speech Act Theory was first proposed by _______.A、 John AustinB、 Jane AustinC、 John SearleD、 John Firth正确答案： A解析：考察言语行为理论的首倡者6、In English, if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a ________.A、 Sequential ruleB、 Assimilation ruleC、 Deletion ruleD、 Grammar rule正确答案： A解析：考察序列规则-英语语音响亮程度依次为:元音,无擦通音,鼻音,摩擦音,爆破音。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语语言学期末考试试卷第一部分选择题I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%)1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________.A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological pointof viewB. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological pointof viewC. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of viewD. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication.A. unnaturalB. artificialC. superficialD. arbitrary3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________.A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmittedB. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongueC. but the details of language have to be learnt.D. and the details are acquired by instinct4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctivephonetic features.A. phoneB. allophoneC. phonemeD. sound5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked” is a(n) __________ morpheme.A. derivationalB. inflectionalC. freeD. word-forming6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative tointerrogative.A. obligatoryB. optionalC. selectionalD. arbitrary7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _________.A. GriceB. PlatoC. SaussureD. Ogden and Richards8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called _______, which is the abstraction ofthe meaning of a sentence.A. utteranceB. referenceC. predicationD. morpheme10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; itis the act performed in saying something.A. a perlocutionary actB. a locutionary actC. a constative actD. an illocutionary act第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. P___________ relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questionsas how the human mind works when people use language.12. A d_________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level,there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d___________.14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: thepharyngeal cavity, the o_________ cavity and the nasal cavity.15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain iscalled l_____________.16. S_____________ features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretationof meaning.17. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinitelength, due to their r_________ properties.18. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical insound or spelling, or in both.19. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of relatedlanguages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p____________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.20. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social groupisolated for any given study is called the speech c___________.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)( ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.( ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.( ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.( ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce andcomprehend.( ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.( ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”( ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.( ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%×10=30%)31. parole:32. broad transcription:33. allophones:34. phrase structure rules:35. context36. Historical Linguistics:37. standard language:38. linguistic taboo:39. acculturation:40. care-taker speech:V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second languageacquisition and give your examples.42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the majorperiods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.参考答案第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. A2. D3. C4. C5.B6. A7. B8. C9. C 10. D第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. Psycholinguistics12. diachronic13. duality14. oral15. lateralization16. Suprasegmental17. recursive18. Homonymy19. protolanguage20. communityIII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce andcomprehend.( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)31. parole: It refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is concrete and varies with context.32. Broad transcription is the transcription with letter symbols only. It is the transcription normallyused in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.33. Allophones are the different phones that represent a phoneme in different phoneticenvironments.34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite rules which allow for the possible combination of wordsto form phrases and sentences.35. Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and thehearer.36. Historical linguistics studies language change ( or historical development of language).37. Standard language is a superposed, socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the languageemployed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society fromgeneral use.39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second languagecommunity.40. It is simple and modified speech used by parents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to youngchildren who are acquiring their native language.V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second languageacquisition and give your examples.1) Mother tongue interference2) interlingual interference3) Overgeneralization42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the majorperiods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.Major periods: Old English (449-1100)Middle English (1100-1500)Modern English (1500-present)Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern English period.。