高中英语解题技巧

高中英语解题技巧
高中英语解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解解题策略与能力训练

一、阅读理解题的选材与命题特点:

近几年的高考英语试卷保持了“稳中有变,变中求新,立足语篇”的基本命题思路。在阅读理解方面主要考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断词义、根据短文判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图与态度等方面的能力。

高中英语教学大纲明确规定活化,又较为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面,贴近生活,贴近时代,体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。

3. 阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”,设问方式更加深入:

阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格,文章的展开不再是平铺直叙,而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式;一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。阅读材料的文化含量加大,文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点,文章的遣词造句也更加地道,许多考生通常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。

怎么样做好阅读题呢?

二、阅读理解题的解题策略

策略一、紧扣主旨大意

高考英语阅读理解的发展过程,属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段。

2、“总说-分述”结构。首段做总的说明,其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点,属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。最典型的是新闻报道类文章,此类体裁的文章在近年高考阅读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式:城市名称(新闻社)—新闻内容。掌握一些国际知名新闻社的英文名称是必要的,路透社Reuters,美联社Associated Press,法新社Agency France Press。

3、“分述-总说”结构。前面几段分别说明,末段总结。属于这种结构的文章主题在末段。

(二)、寻找主题句,确定文章中心思想:

不是所有的文章都有主题句,对于大部分有主题句的文章来说,主题句表达了文章的中心思想,找到了主题句,也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。主题句呈现的形式有:

1、在文首。文章开门见山,提出主题,随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。

2、在文中。通常前面只提出问题,随之陈述细节引出主题,而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。

3、在文尾。在表述细节后,归纳要点,得出结论,以概括主题。

试试看:你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗?

The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most

第一段:Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused,a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.

第二段:One of these pre-modern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year.…

第三段:A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing.…Question: Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Societal Conditions in Pre-modern Times

B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment

C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate

D. Differences between Modern and Pre-modern Parents

解析:从第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不难看出,这篇文章的标题应该是Practices of Reducing

策略二、把握作者意图

每一篇文章都有其写作目的。那么作者是如何在文章中体现自己的思想呢?他通过哪些语言向读者传达了自己的感受呢?我们在阅读的同时怎样收集、综合各种信息,体会作者的情感呢?了解这些有助于我们在做阅读理解题时把握作者思路,领会文章内涵,做出正确的选择。要做到这一点,我们需要从两个方面入手:一是把握作者的写作意图,二是把握出题的角度。下面我们就分别分析一下。

(一)、对于写作意图的把握:

有的文章只是客观地介绍一件事或物,或各方观点,作者不发表自己个人的意见,如一些科技文,新闻事件报道等。这样的文章属于“广而告知型”。要根据客观事实答题,一是一,二是二,凡与事实不符的选项,或文中没有提到的事实,当然都是不能选的。这样的题目难度一般都不会很大。最难于驾驭的是一些故事性、情感经历性的文章。因为作者在行文时会用到一些写作手法,如倒叙、插叙等。往往还会有一些思想、情感的波动。这就需要我们在阅读时认真把握,细心体会。

1. 注意连接词的使用:Near the end of the last year in middle school,my dad took me to the wildlife refuge. He needed to get some alligator blood to do the experiment. At first,I thoug we get there by air?(作者希望坐飞机去那里。)

某些句型表面看上去是比较级,而实际上是最高级含义。My mother decided to take me on the trip. It couldn't be better. (It couldn't be better = It's great. 意为“太好了”)

某些否定形式的句子实际上是肯定含义:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much. (再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不过分。) 作者以这样的句子体现自己的观点:必须加大力度保护环境。

注意虚拟语气的使用。How I wish I had passed the driving test. (我多么希望已通过了驾照考试呀!)此句暗含的事实是:并没通过考试。

3.将自己想象为故事中的主人公,体会其心理感受:

有一篇文章,写一个老太太刚刚在海边买了一座别墅,打算在那里度过余生。因为那里的气候湿润温暖,更适合她的健康。此时她站在曾经生活了25年的房子里,最后环顾这曾经装载了她的大半生的房子。所给的问题是:How does the old lady feel at the last moment in her old house?正确答案是:Her feeling is complex. 其他的选项, 如She is happy/She is sad等都片面。只要我们设身处地站在老太太

的位置上想一想,就不难找到正确答案。

4.把握全篇文脉,仔细揣摩事情发生的背景:

我们不仅要掌握一定的语言知识,还需要平时储备一定的逻辑推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知识n my town to buy a motorcycle. Unfortunately,my father and his motorcycle didn't get along too well. He fell off it so often that he got rid of it just a month after buying it. As a result,he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels. 读懂了这些,就不难理解下文中为什么父亲不让“我”拥有一辆自行车,反而当“我”刚满16岁就让我开车了。正确理解了文章的来龙去脉及内涵,对于文后题目的处理也就会轻而易举了。

(二)、对于出题意图的把握:

1.正确理解一个事物的两个方面

有些题目不是直接照搬原文的话,而是用一些另外的语言表达出同样的意思,因此我们必须掌握用英文解

推理判断题在高考中占很大的比重,学生在此类题型中也失分最多。推理判断题要求考生考虑文中信息并在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意,弦外之音做出合理的推理和判断。

(一)、理解定义。判断是对已知的事实仔细评价之后做出的合理决定。推理是对事实的内涵所做的陈述或以事实为依据对未知所做的陈述。注意无论是判断还是推理都是以已知事实为依据。

(二)、推理题常见的提问形式。常以infer,imply,indicate,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词提问。或含有表推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的动词,如probably,most likely 等。

(三)、具体策略

1.通过辨认细节的技own name and address inside the cover,in her own handwriting…这个语境里是surprised的意思。因此不能独立地看某个词或某句话。此外,学生对一词多义或一些习语的积累也是很有必要的,这就要靠同学们课下多下工夫了。

5.平时扩大词汇量的同时也要注意学习词的深刻内涵。从措辞去寻找文章的感情色彩,猜测作者的态度或写作意图。现举一简单的例子。When the phone finally rang,he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.从这几个词我们能形象地看出他等电话之久,紧张迫不及待的心情,同时也说明电话之重要,这正是作者的真正意图。例:

He is an old cobbler(修鞋匠) ap(鞋带)you might as well just throw away the pair.

My man saw I wouldn't give in,and he smiled. He wiped his hands on his blue apron(围裙),looked at my shoes,had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said,“Come back in a week.”I was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf.

“See what I can do?”he said with a pride. “Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work.”

When I got back out into the street,the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient legend,this old craftsman with his way of speaking

familiarly.

2. The sentence “he was something out of an ancient legend.” implied that ______.

A. nowadays you can hardly find anyone like him

B. it was difficult to communicate with this man

C. the man was very strange

D. the man was too old

解析:

1.C。文中多处提到关于自豪的字眼a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done. And he said with a pride. 这正是C项的涵义。A,D 是无关信息,文中没有提及。B是错误选项。依据:The other fellow还有Only three of us in Paris can do…

2.A。说他像古代传奇中的人物。言行,打扮,尤其对自己手艺的自豪,现代社会罕见。In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done. B,D在文章中没有任何依据,排除。C 项的strange很有迷惑性,但文中说到的是strange hat,not the man。

策略四、利用信号词进行预测和推测:

在阅读过程中,为了既迅速又准确地理解文章的含义,利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或文章各部分之间的关系。特别是在快速阅读时,它能帮助考生预测文章信息,提高阅读速度。

however, on the cont适当加快阅读速度,或借此推测生词的词义。

2. 文中出现的频率较高的实词可以帮助考生确定文章的主旨大意。

3. 出现代词I, we, my, our, 转折词but, however, yet,情态动词must, should, ought to, 连词although, though。其后所述内容与刚提到的内容相反,或暗示作者的观点和态度等信号词时,要放慢阅读速度,因为其附近的信息往往是命题和答题的主要线索或依据。

策略五、利用各种已知信息推测判断生词的词义:

考生在阅读时一定会碰上生词或记不清楚的词汇。遇到这种情况时,考生可以通过上下文猜测词义。具

The family had just moved and the young woman was feeling a little melancholy on that Sunday in May. After all, it was Mother’s day and 800 miles separated her from her parents in another state far away.

解析:根据上下文的陈述,“刚刚搬家,远离父母,正好是星期天,又是母亲节,而两代人却天各一方”等事实,可以推断出年轻妻子当时忧郁、伤感的心情,并由此猜测出生词melancholy的意思。

5. 学会只猜测生词的大概意思,而不必追求其准确含义。例如:

The Asian gibbon, like other apes, is especially adapted for life in trees.

解析:在这句话中,考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes (类人猿) 的一种就行了,毋须知道其准确意思。

6. 运用构词法判断生词的词义,也是提高阅读速度的一种技巧。考生可以通过已知的

词缀(包括前缀和后缀)和词根就能猜测生词的含义。例如,单词telescope由前缀tele (意思是far)和scope (意思是instrument for seeing or observing)构成,整个单词的意思是“望远镜”。为了熟练使用构词法知识猜测生词,考生在平时应多积累词缀以及词根方面的知识。

三、备考建议

1. 理解与速度

考生要处理好理解与速度的关系。答题时要力求情绪平稳,不要一味追求速度而影响理解的准确性;不要拘泥于一词一句的理解;不要遇到不懂的地方就反复读,影响阅读速度。比较好的阅读方法是边看边想边理解。遇到生词或看不懂的地方先做个记号,继续看下去方法能回答why、how之类的问题。

(3) 精读。所谓精读就是用最细致、最慢、最深层的方法阅读,目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。在应用这种阅读方法前,首先应用跳读法找到与问题有关联的地方,然后细读。有时候文中有直接回答,有时候回答分布在整篇短文中,需要考生找出,进行释义、归纳、概括等。此种阅读方法能回答需推断、归纳和演绎的题目。

3. 使用阅读技巧,尽量做到:

(1) 带着问题阅读短文,根据不同题型,选用不同阅读方法。即先看问题,再决定选用跳读、略读和精读方法,这样做,目的性强,能收到事半功倍的功效。(2) 找出主题句,确定中心思,其中有一个选择是干涉项,要求考生找出与各段相匹配的主题。这一部分实际上考核考生通过快速阅读,把握段落大意的能力。它不拘泥于一词一句的理解,而要求对语篇和段落的整体意思的把握。做这类题目的关键是要抓住每段文字的主题思想,而主题思想一般是通过主题句体现出来的。找到了主题句,也就等于找到了主题的关键。主题句往往是一个概括性的语句,包括段落所谈论的主题和围绕该主题展开的某一个方面。该句往往重点呈现一个话题,避免过于笼统或狭窄,是整段的中心。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。有些段落可能找不到主题句,其中心思想包含在各句的字里行间,只有把这些句子归纳一下,才能找出中心思想。如果段落中没有明显的主题句,考生可以找出主题词或词组。然后用这些专题词或词组,概括和归纳段落的中心思想。

四、阅读能力训练:

Example 1

One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant,“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.”

“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.

“Well,”replied the man,“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”

Q:The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was ______.

A. very clean

B. just cleaned by the landlord

C. tidy and comfortaroblems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.

Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good

高中英语作文经典句型及必背模版

高中英语作文经典句型 一、~ the + ~ est +名词+(that)+主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read,etc) Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. (再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。) We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V……(不可否认的……) There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~(全世界都知道……) It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that +句子~~(毫无疑问的……) There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子(……的优点是……) An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create(produce)any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子(……的原因是……) The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此……以致于……) So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be,S + V~~~(虽然……) Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + more + Adj + S + V,~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈……愈……) The more books we read,the more learned we become.我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。 十二、Have a great influence on ~~~(对……有很大的影响) Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V(……使……能够……) Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十四、On no account can we + V ~~~(我们绝对不能……) On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、It is time + S +过去式(该是……的时候了) It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

高考英语作文提分实用句型

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