新编英语教程 5 unit 11
新编英语教程第三版第5册Unit6-10重点词汇短语语言点
新编英语教程第三版第5册Unit6-10重点词汇短语语言点Unit61.Join in a symposium on sth./be included on the program参加一个有关...的研讨会2.Symposium seminar conference convention注意区分3.anchorman新闻节目主播4.Distinguished extinguish distinct distinctive instinct extinct5.To the core彻底地道的6.Aggressive progress progression regress digress7.Savvy：well-informed and perceptive:shrewd精明能干的有见识的8.Solid：definitely good and steady but perhaps not excellent or special相当不错的（但谈不上特别或出色的）9.In the ways and means在各方面10.,as i understand it,我认为11.Scrutinize：to observe or examine with great care~the diamond for flaws仔细察看钻石有无瑕疵12.Address a question to sb.提出问题13.Colleague college collage14.Prone be prone to...有。
倾向的15.Distortion歪曲扭曲事实的陈述16.React as though+从句17.Be blamed for/scold fault condemn因...而受到责难18.Deal with有关关于this is a book dealing with sth.19.Downside n.负面消极面20.At most至多；最迟21.Be apt to22.Sniper狙击兵23.Devalue贬值=devaluate24.Solely完全单独独自25.Collide with与...相撞26.Misshapen畸形的27.Catastrophe:a sudden event that causes many people to suffer灾难；灾祸；横祸28.Change for the better29.Underinformed&overinformed了解不足&知之甚多30.In turn转而31.Defeatism:an attitude to expect not to succeed32.Inhibitor抑制剂抑制者33.An unrelieved diet of=all coverage of比喻意多得令人生厌的事物Unrelieved:(formal)(of an unpleasant situation令人不快的情况)continuing without changing 持续不变的；未缓和的34.Deplete使空虚使消耗~sth of sthSurely it is an economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources.耗尽世界的自然资源毋庸置疑是愚蠢的经济行为。
高级英语 新编英语教程5 课文+翻译 unit9
Unit 91 Not long ago I was asked to join in a public symposium on the role of the American press. Two other speakers were included on the program. The first was a distinguished TV anchorman. The other was the editor of one of the nation’s leading papers, a newsman to the core –though , aggressive, and savvy in the ways and means of solid reporting.不久前，我应邀参加了一次有关美国报业的作用的公共研讨会。
还有另外两位嘉宾也出席了，一位是知名的节目主持人，另一位是美国一家主要报纸的编辑，他勇敢坚定，咄咄逼人，深谙撰写可靠新闻的之道，堪称一位彻头彻尾的新闻界人士。
2 The purpose of the symposium, as I understood it, was to scrutinize the obligations of the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those obligations.据我所知，本次研讨会旨在审查传媒的使命，提出完成使命的最佳方式。
3 During the open-discussion period, a gentleman in the audience addressed a question to my two colleagues. Why, he asked, are the newspapers and the television news programs so disaster-prone? Why are newsmen and women so attracted to tragedy, violence, failure?在公开讨论时，观众席中的一位男士向两位嘉宾提问，‘为什么报纸和电视新闻都充斥灾难？为什么新闻界的男男女女对悲剧、暴力和失败有如此关注?’4 The anchorman and editor reached as though they had been blamed for the existence of bad news. Newsmen and newswomen, they said, are only responsible for reporting the news, not for creating it or modifying it主持人和编辑的反应是，好像他们为坏消息的存在受到了责难。
新编英语教程5Unit10Things,TheThrow-AwaySociety
Unit TEN: TEXT IWords and ExpressionsParagraph 1Eminently (l. 4) (Note 1): very; perfectly; elegantly 不寻常地，非常E.g.: The discussion is eminently practical. 讨论非常实际。
His articles are eminently comprehensible. 他的文章特别易于理解。
Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable (l. 4) (Note 1): The reason why Barbie appeals so much to little girls is that she looks just like a real-life person who can be dressed up in the way they wish.Paragraph 2humanoid (l. 10): (esp. of a machine) having human shape or qualities 似人的，有人类特点的-oid: like; in the form ofE.g.: metalloid (like a metal) Mongoloid (like Mongolian)trade-in allowance (l. 11) (Note 3):The amount of money a shop deducts from the price of a new thing which a customer buys when he turns in an old one to the shop 以旧换新打折价跳楼价cut-throat price; the lowest price疯狂甩卖crazy sale; crazy dropped price大减价price cutting冬季大减价Winter Crazy SaleMoreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one. (ll. 10-11)Besides, Mattel made public that, for the first time, all girls desirous of buying a Barbie from its company were to be given the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange for new models at a reduced price.Paragraph 4texture (l. 18): the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness, of a surface, substance, or material, esp. as felt by touch 质地，纹理，结构iridescent (l. 18): showing changing colors as light falls on it 色彩斑斓的，彩虹般的E.g.: Soap bubbles are iridescent. 肥皂泡沫色彩斑斓。
李观仪《新编英语教程》第5册 UNIT3
3. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827), German composer, was one of music‟s greatest geniuses. His works have a rare originality, emotional depth, and expressive power. He was known for his nine symphonies, piano concertos and sonatas, and string quartets. Most of Beethoven‟s compositions were written in the classical forms established by his predecessors Mozart and Haydn, so he is sometimes considered the last great composer in the classical tradition. But he also remoulded and expanded the old forms and infused them with highly personal intensity of emotion, so he is also referred to as the first of the Romantics.
5. The Nazis Nazism is a political doctrine of racial supremacy, nationalism, and dictatorship. Nazi is an abbreviated form of the German words for National Socialism. It was Adolf Hitler, a member of national Socialist German Workers‟ Party, who developed the programme for Nazism in his book Mein Kampf (1925 – 1927 My Battle). He defined the Germanic peoples as race, called Aryans, superior to other races. He blamed Germany‟s troubles on Jewish capitalism, communism, and the heavy reparation payments Germany was required to make to the victorious Allies by the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) that ended the First World Warard Nobel (1833 – 1896), a distinguished Swedish chemist and industrialist, provided for the award of the Nobel prizes. He experimented with different kinds of explosives such as nitroglycerin and dynamite, both deadly explosives. However, he was a pacifist and he feared that his inventions might further warfare. In his will he left about $9,000,000,00 in a fund to reward those who did most for their fellow men in science, literature, and peace. In his will, he specified that the interest accrued by the fund “be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind” in the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, regardless of nationality.
李观仪《新编英语教程(5)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
李观仪《新编英语教程（5）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Unit 1 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 2 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 3 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 4 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 5 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 6 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 7 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 8 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 9 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 10 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 11 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 12 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《新编英语教程（第3版）学习指南》按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及单元语法、词汇短语、参考译文、课文精解以及练习答案等内容，旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语专业学生和英语自学者的喜爱和认可。
弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录Unit 1一、词汇短语Text I1clumsy [5klQmzi] adj. moving or doing things in a very awkward way 笨拙的，拙劣的：I spilt your coffee. Sorry—that was clumsy of me.我把你的咖啡弄洒了。
新编英语教程(第三版)第一册第五课课件
A New English Course (Third Edition)
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 14
Unit 15
Unit 5 Save Our Heritage
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
Unit 5 Save Our Heritage
Lead-In
LSP
Dialogue
Role Play
Reading
Exercises
Language Structures Preparatory Questions Practice I
Practice II Practice III
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
Unit 5 Save Our Heritage
Lead-In
LSP
Dialogue
Role Play
Reading
Exercises
docent: (AmE) someone who guides visitors through a museum, church, etc.
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
Unit 5 Save Our Heritage
Lead-In
LSP
Dialogue
Role Play
Reading
Exercises
riffraff: an insulting word for people who are noisy, badlybehaved, or of low social class e.g.: Don’t bring any riffraff into my house! 别把不三不四的人领到我家来!
新编英语教程5(词汇Unit1-10)
Unit One Hit the Nail on the Head1. drive sth home: force (the nail) into the right place; make sth unmistakably clear.2. scrupulous: painstaking, meticulous3. far afield: very far away4. rife:1) widespread, common 2)full of5. leader: British English for newspaper editorial6. coercion: pressure, compulsion7. epitomize: be typical of; serve as the typical example of8. disprove: prove to be contrary; refute9. expire: die, pass away; come to an end10. indigent: poverty-stricken, pennilessUnit Two Beware the dirty seas1. sluice: (v.) to pour as if from a sluice(水闸)，i.e., a man-made passage for water fitted with a gate for stopping and regulating the flow; (n.) a channel controlling water flow2. nurture: further the development of; care for3. evolve: develop gradually (by a long continuous process)4. endemic: (of a disease) found regularly in a particular place5. litany: repetition. The literal meaning of “litany” is “a prayer consisting of a series of invocations and supplications by the leader with responses by the congregation”.6. flush: pour; flood with water to clean out (See dictionary)7. lurk: exist unseen8. effluent: liquid wastes, such as chemicals or sewage that flows out from a factory or some other places into a river or the sea9. plankton: very small forms of plant and animal life that live in a body off water 浮游生物10. slime: unpleasant sticky substance, such as the thick sticky liquid on the skin of various fishUnit Three My Friend, Albert Einstein1. knack: a clever way of doing things2. be in awe of: have respect as well as fear and reverence for3. staggering: unexpectedly surprising; astounding4. vestiges: traces5. ultimately: finally; after a long series of time6. recalcitrant: hard to deal with; unmanageable7. worry: assail a problem again and again until it is solved, just like a dog biting some small animals repeatedly, shaking it or pulling it with the teeth8. surcease: (archaic) cessation, pause9. plausible: seeming to be reasonable10. a house of cards: an insecure scheme11. ineffable: unutterable; incapable of being expressed in words12. elusively whimsical: indescribably quaint or strange 捉摸不透的，古怪Unit Four The Invisible Poor1. perennial: lasting forever or for a long time2. rutted roads: roads with deep, narrow marks made by the wheels of vehicles3. be exempt from: be freed from a duty. service, payment, etc.4. tenement: a large building, especially one in the poor part of a city, which is divided into small flats which are rented cheaply5. affluent: wealthy, prosperous6. compound v.: /kom'paund/ make worse by adding (something) to . . . (often used in the passive)7. existential: relating to human experience (a formal-word)8. lurid: sensational, shocking9. dispossessed: people who have lost all their possessions10. cynical: doubtful as to whether something will happen or whether it is worthwhile11. involvement: connection12. old rhetoric of reform: writings about reform in the past that sounded fine and important, but were really insincere and meaninglessUnit Five The Plug—in Drug:TV and the American Family,PartⅠ1. afflict: trouble2. asset: valuable object; advantage3. preposterous: unthinkable, absurd4. splintering: splitting, breaking up5. the peer group: a group of people of the same age, class, position. etc. here, group of children of the same age6. television-oriented: interested in and influenced by TV7. equivocal: ambiguous8. sorcerer: person who performs magic by using the power of evil spirits9. stint: fixed amount of work: here, the fixed TV programme10. conjure up: bring into the mind11. sane: (in this context) in possession of good relations/of a close bond12. backlog: a reserveUnit Six Preparing for College1. driving motive: the incentive / encouragement that urges them on;2. the rudiments: the basics, the fundamentals (The word rudiments is always in the plural form when used in this sense.)3. metaphysics: the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts, etc. 形而上学，玄学，纯粹哲学4. conscious culture: the culture (i.e. customs, arts, etc,) that is directly perceptible or known to us5. fanatic: one who is very enthusiastic about a particular activity6. personify: express or represent ( a quality in human form)7. sedentary: inactive; done while sitting down8. underline: indicate the importance of9. balked: baffled; frustrated10. a maddening lot: a wild, uncontrollable group11. righteous sects: morally justifiable groups of people whose religious beliefs are considered different form those of a larger group12. relish: 味,味道,兴趣;开胃小菜;great enjoymentUnit Seven Grouping the Gifted:Pro1. innate: belonging to an individual from birth2. pursuit: an activity that one engages in as a profession, vocation, or avocation3. athlete: person who practises athletics; competitor or skilled performer in physical exercises4. heterogeneously: in such a way that members are very different from one another5. criterion /--ia: standard on which a decision may be based6. snob: one who has an offensive air of superiority (here, in matters of knowledge)7. elite: a socially superior group8. instill: put (ideas, etc. ) gradually but firmly into someone's mind by continuous effort9. spark: encourage; stimulate into greater activity10. latent: present and capable of becoming though not now visible or active11. skyrocket: rise or increase rapidly12. pay dividends: produce an advantage. especially as a result of an earlier action (dividend: that part of the money made by a business which is divided among those who own shares in the business 红利)Unit Eight Why Nothing Works1. savant: a man of learning, especially a person with detailed knowledge in some specialized field2. corollary: an immediate inference from a proved proposition3. forestall: defeat, prevent by prior measures4. commitment: a pledge to follow certain beliefs or a certain course of action; devotion (to duty etc. )5. artifact: a usually small object (as a tool or an ornament) showing human workmanship that has special historical interest6. evoke: bring to mind7. projectile point: the tip of a weapon that is thrust forward; spear or arrowhead8. band: a group of people formed for some common purpose and often with a leader9. barter: trade by exchanging one commodity for another10. alienation: a withdrawing or separation of a person from an object or position of former attachment; a feeling of not belonging to or being part of one's surroundingsUnit Nine Where Is the News Leading Us?1. symposium: a conference in which experts or scholars discuss a certain subject2. scrutinize: examine very closely and carefully3. distortion: misrepresentation; a false or dishonest account4. eruptive: (in this context) sensational, shocking, disturbing5. collide with: crash violently into; run into (one another)6. ingredient: a component part of something7. inhibitor: one who holds back, prevents8. deplete: exhaust, use up, reduce9. cynicism: disbelief in the sincerity of human motives10. antidote: remedy, corrective; something that prevents or counteracts11. envision: picture mentally, imagine, visualize12. caricature: a picture ludicrously滑稽的exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or thingsUnit Ten Things:The Throw—Away Society1. Humanoid: having human form or characteristics2. texture: the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness, of a substance or material, especially as felt by touch; visual and tactile qualities of a surface3. staggering: stunning, wondrous, breathtaking4. deride: laugh at contemptuously; to scoff at or mock5. transience: temporariness, impermanence; the quality or state of being temporary or impermanent6. at a rapid clip: (informal) at a fast pace7. inextricably embedded: so deeply involved that it is impossible to get free8. boutique: a small fashionable clothes shop9. sumptuous: expensive and grand10. train: a part of a long dress that spreads over the ground behind the wearer11. A-line dresses: dresses with a flared bottom and close-fitting top, having an "A" or tent-like shape12. supplant: take the place of; replace。
新编英语教程5英译汉
1. Stories are told of scrupulous writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right.译文：据说一丝不苟的作家，比如福楼拜（Flaubert），为了把一两句句子完全写正确，会花上几天的时间。
2.Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. 译文：选择词语是领悟过程的一部分，是为自己、为读者和听众准确表达思想感情这个过程的一部分。
3.By using his dictionary, and above all by reading, a student can increase his sensitivity to these shades of difference and improve his ability to express his own meanings exactly. 译文：通过查阅词典，更重要的是通过阅读，学生可以增强辨别词语意思细微差别的能力，并提高准确表达自己意思的能力。
4.The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words.译文：当得知不计俚语，英语单词总数超过40万个，学习英语的外国学生可能会灰心丧气。
新编大学英语综合教程1-u(00001)
新编大学英语综合教程1-unit5Unit 5 Animal WorldIn-Class Reading Do Animals Have a Culture?动物拥有文化吗？1 只有人类有文化呢，还是某些动物也同样有文化，这是社会科学家们最近才提出来的问题。
说到文化，我们指的是某一类人群共有的生活方式。
文化包涵了我们形成的信念和看法。
正是人们的行为模式促使他们生活在一起，也正是人们的行为模式把不同的群体区分开来。
人类失去了蛮力、爪子、长牙及其他自卫功能，然而文化为我们弥补了这些缺失。
人类使用工具，相互合作，并借助语言进行交流沟通。
但人类行为的这些方方面面，或称之为“文化”的东西，在某些动物的生活中也同样存在。
3 我们过去一直认为会不会使用工具是人和其他动物的分界线。
然而，最近我们发现情况并非如此。
黑猩猩不但能够使用工具，事实上还能自己制造工具。
与仅仅捡起身边的东西加以利用相比，这已经向前迈出了一大步。
例如，有人看到黑猩猩把树叶扯掉，将树枝伸进白蚁巢穴。
当白蚁啃咬树枝时，黑猩猩就把树枝抽回，然后把枝条底端的白蚁吃掉——就像我们使用餐叉一样。
4 我们曾一度认为，尽管人类可以学习文化，但却不可能教会动物学文化。
或者，即使动物能够学习，它们也不会像人类那样互相传授。
然而，这一观点也同样是不正确的。
日本京都大学猴子研究中心对一群日本猴进行过研究。
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
一天，为了去掉白薯上面的沙子，一只年轻的母猴开始用水来洗白薯。
这一做法马上传遍了整个猴群。
这是学来的行为，不是向人类学的，而是从其他猴子那里学到的。
而凡是没有跟这一猴群接触过的其他所有的猴子几乎都不会用水洗去沙子。
这样，动物间就存在了“文化差异”。
5 我们已经把使用和发明工具从区分动物和人类行为的方法中排除出去了, 同样也把学习和互相传授行为排除在外了。
但我们仍抓住语言这最后一个特点不放。
然而，即便是语言的使用也无法把人类文化和动物文化区分开来。
大学英语综合教程5 第十一单元Beauty 翻译
Unit 11 Beauty对希腊人来说，美是一种品德，是一种出色的表现。
拥有这种美的人在如今被我们当然又嫉妒的认为是一个完整的人。
即使在希腊真的存在那种把一个人分成“内在”和“外在“，他们依然期望内在美能够有与之匹配的其他方面的美。
那些出身很好的雅典年轻聚围在苏格拉底身旁，他们发现一个矛盾的事情，英雄们总是那么的智慧，勇敢，那么的令人尊敬又充满魅力，同时长相却那么丑陋。
苏格拉底给这些无知的长相好看的门徒们上的其中最重要的一课就是，用自己的丑陋告诉他们生活中充满了矛盾。
也许他们不接受苏格拉底的教导，但我们不会。
几千年后的今天，我们更加小心翼翼的对待美的魅力。
我们不仅轻易的把“内在（品质，智慧）“于“外在（外貌）”分开来，而且我们还会非常惊讶于一个人既漂亮又充满智慧，有才干又善良。
主要是受到基督教的影响，美失去了在传统理想上的人类品德的中心地位。
为了仅仅把其限制为道德方面的品德，基督教使美变为一种疏离的，任意的，肤浅的诱惑。
使得美渐渐失去了它的地位。
在近两个世纪中，美约定俗成的变为用于形容两性中其中一性：不管怎么公平对待，依旧是第二位。
把美与女性联系起来，使得其总是饱受道德的攻击。
在英语里我们说一个美丽的女人，但是会说一个英俊的男人。
英俊是美丽的阳性对应，也是一种轻视，这种只把美丽与女性绑在一起的恭维实际上包含了侮辱贬低的弦外之音。
在法语和意大利语中可以形容一个男人美丽，说明一些不同于的新教的基督教国家的天主教国家仍保留着对美丽的不一样赞美的痕迹。
但即使存在，也只是程度上的，本质并没变化。
在所有现代国家中，无论是基督教还是后基督教，女性都是美丽的性别，即伤害了美丽又伤害了女性。
希望被称为美丽被认为是女性品质和所关心的中心（不同于男性，强壮，高效，强竞争力被认为是中心）。
是个女性都能看出来，女性被引导向美丽的过程中实际上助长了自恋主义，不独立和不成熟。
每个人（不管男人女人）都明白这些。
“每一个人“，也就是整个社会，把女性化等同于她的长相（不同于男性，是关心于他是怎样的，做的怎么样，然后才会关心长得怎么样）。
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Unit 11 What Life Means to Me, Part II. ObjectiveJack London’s autobiography informs his readers of his life experiences. Learners should pay attention to the way he presents events through narration and how he describes his hard struggle in an attempt to climb up the social ladder. They should, also, learn to appreciate his use of figurative language, his vivid use of comparison and contrast, and the emotional tone in his diction. A good command of the new words and the listed language points should be required. Learners can be advised to recite Paragraph 13 and Paragraph 14.II. Teaching StepsStep One: As preparatory work, get students to look up the words and phrases listed in Dictionary Work in an English-English dictionary and find thedefinitions that fit the context of the text. Also get them to find someinformation about the items given in Library Work in encyclopedias, otherreference books, or on the websites.Step Two: Ask two students to give an oral report on their Dictionary Work and Library Work in front of the class respectively.Step Three: Discuss the text with students, focusing on the following language points as well as the organization and development of the text.Step Four: Check the answers to the exercises in the Work Book.Step Five: Group and class discussions reflecting learners’ gains from and comments on the text.III: Major points: Language points, text structureIV: difficult points: Language pointsV． Time allocation：4 classes are needed to finish the lessonVI Background KnowledgeTime needed: 25 minutesTeaching approaches: asking questions, group discussions, PPT1.Jack London(See p.161 of SB, p. 79 of TB)VII Language pointsTime needed: 110minutes.Teaching approaches: examples, explanation, and application1. be born (L 1)a.Meaning: (1) When a baby is born, it comes out of itsmother’s body at the beginning of its life. If you say thatsomeone is born of someone or to someone, you mean that personis their parent.(2) You use born to describe someone who has a natural abilityto do a particular activity or job.(3) Someone who was born and bred in a place was born thereand spent their childhood there.(4) If you think that someone has a lot of advantages becausethey have a rich or influential family, you can say that theyhave been born with a silver spoon in their mouth.b.Example: (1) She was born of Germen parents.(2) Willie Smith was the second son born to Jean and Stephen.(3) John was a born teacher / cook.(4) Born and bred in China, Li Tao and his wife emigrated toAmerican in 2000.2.early adv. (L 1)a. Meaning: (1) before the usual time that a particular event oractivity happens In the text, “Early Idiscovered …” the author means that when he was still very young.(2) before the time that was arranged or expectedb. Example: (1) I knew I had to get up early.(2) She arrived early to secure a seat at the front.3.enthusiasm n. [u; c] (L 1)a. Meaning: (1) great eagerness involved in a particular activity whichyou like and enjoy or which you think is important4. ambition n. [u; c] (L 1)a.Meaning: (1) strong desire, esp. over a long period, forsuccess, power, wealth, etc.(2) something that is desiredb.Example: (1) She is clever but lacks ambition.(2) One of her ambitions is to become a doctor.c.Derivative: Ambitious (adj.)5. idea n. [u; c] (L 1)a.Meaning: (1) a plan, thought, or suggestion for a possiblecourse of action(2) a picture in the mind, conceptionb.Example: (1) What gave you the idea for the book?(2) I’ve got a fairly good idea of what they want.c. Derivative: idealize(v.) idealistic (adj.) ideally (adv.)6. to satisfy sth. (L 2)a.Meaning: If you satisfy something, you are good enoughor have the right qualities to fulfill it.b. Example: Just to satisfy my curiosity,how much did you pay for your car?c. Derivative: satisfaction (n.) satisfactory (adj.)7. problem n. [c] (L 2)a.Meaning: (1) a situation that is unsatisfactory and causesdifficulties for people(2) a puzzle that requires logical thought, or mathematicsto solve itb.Example: (1) The main problem of the country isunemployment.(2) With mathematical problems, you can save time by approxi-mating.c. Derivative: problematic(adj.) problematical (adj. formal)8. crude and rough and raw (L 2―3), sordidness and wretched ness (L 4)a. Meaning: The three adjectives suggest that theenvironment was dangerous and unpleasant, and the life was simpleand hard.The two nouns suggest that there were poverty, wickedness,dishonesty, extremely bad and unhappy living conditions at thebottom of society.9.both of the flesh and the spirit …. (L 4―5)a. Meaning: People at the bottom of society suffer from the badconditions both physically and mentally.10. alike adv. (L 5)a.Meaning: You use alike after mentioning two or more peopleor things in order to emphasize that you are referring to both orall of them.b.Example: The techniques are being applied almosteverywhere by big and small firms alike.11. tower v. ≠dwarf v. (L 6)a Meaning: (1) Someone or something that towers oversurrounding people or things is a lot taller than they are.(2) If one person or thing is dwarfed by another, the secondis so much bigger than the first that it makes them look very small.b.Example: (1) The icebergs towered above them.(2) He stood up and towered over her.(3) His figure is dwarfed by the huge red McDonald’s sign.12. to my mind (L 6)a. Meaning: You say or write to my mind to indicate thatthe statement you are making is your own opinion.b. Example: There are scenes in this play, which to mymind are incredibly violent.13. …the only way out was up. (L 6―7)a. Meaning: The only way for me to get out of poverty wasto climb up the social ladder and become a member of the upper society.14. resolve to do (L 7)a. Meaning: If you resolve to do some thing, you make afirm decision to do it; a formal use.b. Example: She resolved to report the matter to the manager.15. up above (me) (L 7)a. Meaning: in the upper society16. the villains and adventuresses (L 12)a. Meaning: Villains are people who deliberately harmothers or break the law in order to get what they want. Adventuressesare women who are using dishonest or immoral methods to gain money orpower.17. …that gave decency and dignity to life …. (L 15)a. Meaning: In the upper world life was decent, dignified,healthy and acceptable.18. in short (L 13)a. Meaning: You use the expression in short when you havebeen giving a lot of details and you want to give a conclusion or summary.b. Example: Try tennis, badminton or windsurfing. In short,anything that is challenging helps.19. as I accepted …. conj. (L 13)a.Meaning: in the way or manner thatb.Example: (1) As I said in my last letter, I am taking theexam in October.(2) David, as your know, is a photographer.20. remunerate v. (L 16)a. Meaning: If you are remunerated for work that you do or trouble thatyou take, you are rewarded or paid for it.b. Example: You will be remunerated for the work you have done.c. Derivative: remunerative (adj.) remuneration (n.)21. class n. (L 17)a. Meaning: a social group whose members have the samepolitical, social, and economic position and rankb. Example: the ruling class, landowning class, lower class,middle class, upper class, working class22.handicap v. (L 18)a.Meaning: If an event or a situation handicaps someone or something,it places them at a disadvantage and makes it harder for them to dosomething. Be handicapped by means to cause (someone) to have adisadvantage by something.b.Example: We were handicapped by lack of money.23.whereby adv. (L 19)a. Meaning: by means of whichb. Example: (1) we need a system whereby we can calculatefuture costs.(2) The system whereby Britons choose their family doctors andthe government pays those doctors, has been reasonably successful.24. ascertain v. (L 22)a.Meaning: If you ascertain the truth about something, you find out what it is,especially by making a deliberate effort to do so; a formal word.b.Example: (1) Through doing this, the teacher will be ableto ascertain the extent to which the students understand what theywere reading.(2) Once they had ascertained that he was not a spy, they agreedto release him.25. enter into (L 24)a. Meaning: If you enter into something, such as anagreement, or relationship with someone, you become involved in it; aformal expression.b. Example: (1) I haven’t entered into any financial agreement withthem yet.(2) We entered into meaningful discussions with them weeksago.26. all about me adv. (L 30)a. Meaning: all around me, surrounding me, in alldirection or placesb. Example: They always go about together.27. with a turn of the wrist (L 34)a. Meaning: very easily and quickly28. I had a vision of myself becoming …. (L 35)a. Meaning: I could see that I would become a verysuccessful trader.29. earn v. (L 37)a.Meaning: If you earn money, you receive money in return for thework you do. If you earn something such as a, praise, a title, youget it because you deserve it.b.Example: (1) Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.(2) His beautiful performance earned him very high admiration.c. Derivative: earnings (n.)30. cut-throat adj. n. (L 38)a. Meaning: If you describe asituation as cut-throat, you mean that the people or companies involveall want success and do not care if they harm each other in gettingit. People who are called cut-throats are very fierce criminals,murderers.b. Example: (1) the cut-throat competitionthe cut-throat world of international finance31. rung n. (L 39)a.Meaning: The rungs on a ladder are the wooden or metal bars thatform steps.b.Example: I swung myself onto the ladder and felt for the nestrung.32. creature n. (L 41)a. Meaning: You can refer to any livingthing that is not a plant as a creature. If you say some one is aparticular type of creature, you are focusing on a particular qualitythey have. One’s fellow-creatures are other human beings.c.Example: (1) She is a charming, sweet creative.(2) She is a creature of the emotions, rather than reason.33. outfit n. (L 40)a.Meaning: An outfit is a set of things needed for a particularpurpose.34. crew n. (L 42)a. Meaning: The crew of a ship, a plane, ora spacecraft is the people who work on and operate it.35. risk v. (L 43)a. Meaning: If you risk someone’slife or something that is worth having, you do something, which mightresult in it being lost or harmed.b. Example: (1) She risked her own life to help adisabled woman.(2) Why should anyone have risked all that to become an agentof a foreign power?c. Derivative: risky (adj.)36. go on a raid (L 44)a. Meaning: A raid is a quick attackagainst a place, not to take control of it but to do damage. In BritishEnglish if someone raids a place, they take it by force in order tosteal something.37. inefficient n. adj. (L 50)a. Meaning: Inefficients are peoplewho are not working or performing in a satisfactory way, esp. becauseof wastefulness or lack of ability.b.Example: an inefficient heating systeman inefficient secretary38. dividend n. (L 52)a. Meaning: Dividends are the partof the money made by a business, which is divided among those who ownshares in the business.39. bankrupt adj. v. n. adj. (L 54)a.Meaning: (1) People or organizations that go bankrupt do nothave enough money to pay their debts.(2) To bankrupt a person or organization means to make themgo bankrupt.(3) A bankrupt is a person who has been declared bankrupt bya court of law.(4) If you say that someone or something is bankrupt, you areemphasizing that they lack any value or worth.40. at anchor (L 55)a.Meaning: If a boat is at anchor it is floating in a particularplace and is prevented from moving by its anchor (a heavy hookedobject that is dropped from a boat into the water at the end of achain in order to make the boat stay in one place).41.recover v. (L 58)a. Meaning: If you recoversomething that has been lost or stolen, you find it or get it back.b. Example: I’ve recovered my lost watch.42. exploit v. (L 60)a. Meaning: If you say that someone isexploiting you, you think that they are treating you unfairly by usingyour work and giving you very little in return.b. Example: Critics claim he exploited black Americans forpersonal gain.c. Derivative: exploitation (n.) exploitable(adj.)exploitative (adj.) exploiter (n.)43. longshoreman n. (L 62)a. Meaning: In American English, alongshoreman is a person who works in the docks, loading and unloadingships.44.roustabout n. (L 62)a. Meaning: In American English, aroustabout is an unskilled laborer, especially one who works in thedocks or on an oilrig.45. toil n. (L 64)a.Meaning: unpleasant work that is very tiring physically;a literary use.c. Derivative: toil (v.)46. in part (L 65)a. Meaning: You use in part to indicate thatsomething exists or happens to some extent but not completely; aformal use.b. Example: The levels of blood glucose dependin part on what you eat and when you eat.47.fellowship n. (L 62)a.Meaning: (1) a group of people that join together for acommon purpose or interest(2) a feeling of friendship that people have when a they aretalking or doing something together or sharing their experiences(3) A fellowship at a university is a post, which involvesresearch work.48. resent v. (L 68)a. Meaning: If you resent someone or something, youfeel bitter and angry with them.b. Example: She resents her mother for being sotough on her.c. Derivative: resentful (adj.) resentment (n.)resentfully (adv.)49. carve one’s way to a place v. (L 69)a. Meaning: Carve (out) is used tomean making or gaining a position or advantage by long effort.b. Example: (1) She has carved (out) a career forherself.(2) The soldiers carved (out) a way throughthe enemy.50. pitch in (L 70)a. Meaning: If you pitch in, youjoin in and help with an activity; an informal expression.b. Example: The entire company pitched in to help.51. of the same minda. Meaning: If a number of peopleare of the same mind, they all agree about something.b.Example: He said that he and Mr. Bush were entirely of thesame mind about the need for the use of force.52. learning a trade (L 69)a. Meaning: Someone’s trade is thekind of work that they do, especially when they have been trained todo it over a period of time.b. Example: He learnt his trade as a diver in the NorthSea.53. displace v.a. Meaning: If one thing displacesanother, it forces the other thing out of its place or position, andthen occupies that place. If a person or group of people is displaced,they are forced to move away from the area where they stay.b. Example: Most of the people displaced by war will beunable to return to their homes.54. I thought he was making an electrician out of me. (L 74-75)a. Meaning: I thought he wasteaching and training me to become an electrician.55. disincline v. (L 79)a.Meaning: to make a person unwilling to doIf you are disinclined to do something, you don’t want to do it.c. Derivative: disinclined (adj.) disinclination (n.)56. the subterranean depths of misery (L 84)a. Meaning: The subterranean meansbeneath the surface of the Earth, underground. The phrase suggests thatthe writer was living an extremely miserable life.57.…the abyss, the human cesspool, the shambles and charnel-house of our civilization.(L 84-85)a. Meaning: An abyss is a very deephole in the ground; a literary use. A cesspool is a hole or tank inthe ground into which wastewater and sewage flow. Shambles is a placeof great disorder. A charnel- house is a place where the bodies andbones of dead people are stored. This sentence implies that the writerwas living at the very bottom of the society where the condition wasrough, undesirable and the life was hard.58. commodity n. (L 95)a. Meaning: A commodity issomething that is sold for money a technical term in economics.59. renew v. (L 99)a. Meaning: If you renew something such asa license or a contract, you extend the period of time for which itis valid. You can say that something is renewed when it grows againor is replaced after it has been destroyed or lost.c.Example: (1) The landlord threatened not to renewLarry’s lease.(2) Nature’s repair process is slow and steady, with cell sbeing constantly renewed.60. replenish v. (L 100)a. Meaning: If you replenishsomething, you make it full or complete again, a formal word.b. Example: We need to replenish the food cupboard.c. Derivative: replenishment (n.)61. perish v. (L 105)a. Meaning: If something perishes,it comes to an end or is destroyed forever. If people or animals perish,they die as a result of very harsh conditions or as a result of anaccident.b. Example: 193 passengers perished in the railwaydisaster.c. Derivative: perishable (adj.) perished (adj.)62. likewise adv. (L 106)a. Meaning: You use likewise when you arecomparing two methods, states, or situations and saying that they aresimilar.b. Example: The stockbroker bought shares in the companyand advised his clients to do likewise.63. at one’s prime (L 107)a. Meaning: Prime is the state ortime of a person’s greatest perfection, strength, or activity. In theprime of life or at one’s prime means in the best years of one’s life.64. wares n. (L 107)a. Meaning: Wares are smallarticles for sale, use, in the street or in a market.65. fetching higher prices (L 108)a. Meaning: to be sold forb. Example: The house should fetch at least ￡ 80,000.66. a vender of brains (L 113)a. Meaning: a seller of brains; onewho sells his intelligenceVIII. Organization and Development and text studyTime needed: 110 minutesTeaching approaches: asking questions, group discussions, PPT, paraphrasingParagraph 1: The author describes the working class living conditions into which he was born.Paragraph 2: In contrast, the author describes hischildhood illusions of the upper-class world, which seemed to be ideal. Paragraph 3: The author’s early plans to climb upward.Paragraph 4: In his impatience, he became a city newspaper boy.Paragraph 5─7: His adventures as “The Prince of the Oyster pirates.”Paragraph 8─9: His life as ph 3: The author’s early plans to climb upward.Paragraph 10─11: How he was exploited by a capitalist.Paragraph 12: His sufferings at the very bottom of the society.Paragraph 13─14: His realizations of the capitalist society. He found that the spirit of capitalism was robbery.Paragraph 15: His decision to become a vender of brains. The time adverbials Jack London employs to indicate the progression of time.Early(L1)at ten years of age(L 29)When I was sixteen(L 36)From then on(L 60)at the age of eighteen(L 83)further(L 105)IX: Home work:Finish the exercises on work bookX: Contents tested:1. Language points2.paraphrases。