英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)
杨士焯《英汉翻译教程》(第2版)配套题库(含考研真题)-第1章 翻译的技巧篇(第1节)【圣才出品】
第1章翻译的技巧篇1.1 转换译法⊙名词转换1. Strong feelings and a large brain were its parents.（The Gettysburg Address by The Gettysburg Address）【译文】深厚的感情和先进的思想孕育了这个讲话。
【解析】原文中的名词parents译文翻译为动词孕育，更加符合汉语的表达习惯。
2. In some cases, deserts are the creation of destruction of virgin forest.【译文】沙漠有时是人类毁坏原始森林造成的。
【解析】译文将原文中的名词destruction翻译为动词毁坏，使得译文更加流畅自然。
3. You owe me an apology.【译文】你应该向我道歉。
【解析】译文在翻译原文名词apology时将其处理为动词道歉，符合汉语的语言风格和表达习惯。
4. Access to Internet is very simple.【译文】很容易连接互联网。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.【译文】读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。
【解析】原文acquaintance是名词，本意为熟悉，翻译时将其处理为动词，并结合其后搭配的短语选取意思，译文将其翻译为动词读，使得整个译文符合汉语的逻辑和语言风格。
6. Repeated changes in a flow direction ensure even diffusion over the entire exit area.【译文】反复改变流动方向，可确保在整个出口域内扩散均匀。
【解析】原文名词changes翻译为动词改变，汉语表达多用动词，因此使得译文流畅自然。
7. Mozart was a great lover of music when he was a boy.【译文】莫扎特儿时酷爱音乐。
翻译赏析
翻译赏析06届在职研究生英汉翻译试题篇章翻译(本文投射出许多人生哲理,请用习得的翻译技巧和跨文化意识解读该篇,方能实现跨语言和跨文化的契合,感悟成功交际的喜悦)El DoradoBy Robert L.StevensonIt seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles,and where we all,at certain hours of the day,and with great gusto and dispatch,stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us.And it would seem also,on a hasty view,that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life.And yet,as regards the spirit,this is but a semblance.We live in an ascending scale where we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series.There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men,and although we dwell on asmall planet,immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years,we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible,like stars,and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end,of what we want and not of what we have.An aspiration is a joy for ever,a possession as solid as a landed estate,a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity.To have many of these is to be spiritually rich.Life is only a very dull and ill-directed theatre unless we have some interest in the piece; and to those who have neither art nor science,the world is a mere arrangement of colors,or a rough footway where they may very well break their shins.It is in virtue of his own desires and curiosities that any man continues to exist with even patience,that he is charmed by the look of things and people,and that he wakens every morning with a renewed appetite for work and pleasure.Desire and curiosity are the two eyes through which he sees the world in the most enchanted colors:it is they that make women beautiful or fossils interesting:and the man may squander his estate and come to beggary,but if he keeps these two amulets he is still rich in the possibilities of pleasure.不断延伸的地平线罗伯特L.斯蒂文森叶子南译人在这个世界上好像真可以大有作为，因为世间有那么多联姻婚嫁，决战厮杀，因为我们每日都按时急匆匆、乐滋滋地将一份食物一去不复返地塞入我们自己的皮囊。
英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)
英汉翻译讲解（1）I.英汉之间的差别：“对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。
”------吕叔湘国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。
在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。
在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种：1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。
而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。
例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。
这使我感到特别高兴。
又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）.译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。
杨士焯《英汉翻译教程(第2版)》笔记和课后习题详解(翻译的技巧篇)
第3章翻译的技巧篇3.1 复习笔记一、翻译技巧1. 概述：翻译技巧说到底就是对语言差异的“灵巧”处理，是译者熟练而巧妙地运用各种翻译手法，完美地表达思想内容的技能，它可以在长期反复的“操作训练”中为人所掌握。
2. 基本方法：拆译、词性转译、精简、增补、倒置、反译、虚译和实译、词语褒贬翻译、被动式翻译、数字倍数翻译等。
这些翻译技巧在同一个句子中互相穿插，互为补充。
二、拆译1. 原因：中英句法不同英语：句法连绵，一个主句可以与众多的修饰词组、短语、从句共同组成；汉语：句法短促，从容不迫。
2. 从译文比较看拆译译文的语言形式必须符合译文的语言习惯。
由于中英句法不同，因此应将原文打破重组，或抽词拆译、或抽短语词组拆译，要避免“上下三十六根牙齿嚼不烂”的“翻译腔”。
原文语言中最习见最自然的表现法，在译文中也必须用译文语言中最习见最自然的表现法来翻译，例：He crashed down on a protesting chair.【生硬译文】他猛然坐到一张吱吱地发出抗议声的椅子。
【自然译文】他猛然坐到一把椅子上，椅子被压得吱吱作响。
【评析】在英文中“protesting”可以直接修饰后面的词，直翻成汉语“抗议”是行不通。
因此应展开联想，将这类词所含的内容从句中拉出来，单独加以表述。
在汉语中用拟声词表达自然生动，因此“吱吱作响”是最自然的表达。
3. 长句拆译原因：中文表述无法按照其英文句法展开。
中文最忌讳的是长长的一句话中间不带一个标点符号，非拆不可。
例：They represented a worthy beginning to the reshaping of the United Nations concept of collective effort in international and national economic development.【译文】这个宣言和行动纲领表明了一个可贵的开端，那就是在国际和国家经济发展方面，联合国提出了一个同心协力的新概念。
英汉翻译翻译单位与语篇分析PPT资料(正式版)
•
2
• since his conversation with Fisher. （chronologically）
•
3
• 那次与费希尔谈话以后，
•
3
• 总有些琐琐碎碎的事儿一直困扰着他，使他有种莫名的担 忧。
•
2
• 如今集中精力做这种想法，比起那种杞人忧天来无疑要让 人开心多了。（chr Bank report released at the time of the conference, which ended on 10 November, insists that Vietnam’s overall
• 翻译英语主从复合句必须注意以下要点：
• 分出句子层次；分别译出中文，根据汉语行文的 时空关系和逻辑关系进行译文重组。
• 1）I retired last year from my post at a university
•
1
• in Tokyo, where I taught English literature and
• According to Peter Newmark, the argument about the length of the UT, which has been put succinctly by W. Haas, “as short as is possible, as long as is necessary”, is a concrete reflection of the age-old conflict between free and literal translation, the freer the translation, the longer the UT; the more literal the translation, the shorter the UT, the closer to the word, or, in poetry, even to the morpheme. Free translation has always favored the sentence; literal translation the word. Now, since the rise of text linguistics, free translation has moved from the sentence to the whole text.
英汉翻译技巧
英汉翻译技巧中英文的三大差异一、中英文句式的差异：中文善于用短句且用标点符号；英文善于用长句，不注重标点的使用。
因此，在英译汉时，要多用短句；汉译英时，则多用长句。
如，With the conclusion of a burst activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.随着剧烈运动的结束，体液中的乳酸升高，让大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸经过有氧的新陈代谢，由肝脏重新转化为葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又部分地返回到肌肉当中形成糖原。
解析：英文句是由介词短语，定语从句，非谓语动词组成的长句，但翻译成汉语时则将这些介词短语、定语从句和非谓语成分翻译成了短句，体现了英文善用长句，中文善用短句的特点。
二、中英文动静的差异：中文是动态性语言，善于用动词；英文是静态性语言，善于用名词；中文善用名词或省略，英文善用代词。
因此，英译汉时，多用动词，汉译英时，多用名词。
如，Stepped up their aggression against China 加快了他们攻击中国的步伐Resorted to compromise and capitulation诉诸在外部的妥协和投降解析：“aggression”, “compromise”, “capitulate”等都是名词，翻译成汉语时转化为动词形式。
三、中文是意合语言，英文是形合语言：英译汉要省略适当连词，汉译英要加适当连词。
篇章翻译2
首先，我们得确定人体在失重的
情况下能坚持多久。在零重力 （失重）的环境中，有将近4品脱 的血液会从腿部流向头部，并且， 这种状况一直会持续要太空任务 结束为止。宇航员会有一种持久 的寒冷感，搞不清方向将是他们 遇到的最大问题。
In
space there’s no physical sensation to let you know when you’re upside down and astronauts have to rely on visual clues from their surroundings. A few hours after reaching orbit, one in three of all astronauts will experience space sickness---a feeling rather like carsickness. And weightless conditions lead to calcium being leached from the bones, and
we’ll have to find out just how long the human body can survive in a weightless environment. In zero gravity, four pints of body fluid rush from the legs to the head where it stays for the duration of the mission. Astronauts often feel as if they have a permanent cold, and disorientation can become a
《英汉翻译教程》课件
02 英汉语言对比
词汇对比
总结词
词汇是语言的基础，英汉两种语言在词汇方面存在许多差异。
详细描述
英语中一词多义现象较为普遍，而汉语中一词多义现象相对较少。此外，英语 中常用抽象名词表达具体概念，而汉语中则常用具体名词表达抽象概念。
句法对比
总结词
英汉两种语言的句法结构也存在显著差异。
详细描述
英语句子结构较为严谨，主语、谓语、宾语等成分的位置相对固定，而汉语句子结构则较为灵活，主 语、谓语、宾语等成分的位置可以灵活变化。此外，英语中常用被动语态，而汉语中则常用主动语态 。
翻译的标准与原则
翻译的标准
准确、流畅、专业。准确是指译文要忠实于原文，不歪曲、不遗漏；流畅是指译 文要通顺易懂，符合目标语言的表达习惯；专业是指译文要符合特定领域的专业 要求，确保信息的准确传达。
翻译的原则
忠实、通顺、一致。忠实是指译文要忠实于原文的内容和风格，保持原作的思想 和风格特点；通顺是指译文要通顺易懂，避免出现语法错误和表达不清的情况； 一致是指译文要保持前后一致，避免出现信息不一致的情况。
详细描述
由于英汉文化背景的差异，某些表达方式在英语中常 见，但在汉语中却不太适用。如果在翻译时忽略了这 种差异，会导致译文出现语用错误。例如，“It’s raining cats and dogs”被直译为“下猫下狗”，实 际上在汉语中应翻译为“倾盆大雨”。
语用错误分析
总结词
语气和风格不匹配
详细描述
科技翻译技巧
科技翻译中需要注意专业术语的准确 翻译，同时要保持原文的语义和风格 。
科技翻译实践
选取一些典型的科技文献进行翻译练 习，让学生在实际操作中掌握科技翻 译的技巧。
感谢您的观看
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析） Category: 本科四年级 Key words: comprehensive analysis, shift of perspective, amplification, parataxis, other techniques, E-C translation Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as shift of perspective, amplification, and parataxis used in text translating. Compiler: 许建平等 Date: 2000年
E-C Passage 1
①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.
②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients. ③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too, had been a patient there.
④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.
⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.
⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.
⑦Why measure life in heartbeats? ⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed. ⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death. ①上次到巴哈马度假期间，我沿着海滩漫步，海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚，此时此刻，我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体，尽管我显得微不足道，就像海滩上的一粒沙子。
②虽然我不得不限制自己的医务工作量，但我感到与病人更加心灵相通。 ③当我走进特别护理室时，一种敬畏之感油然而生，因为我知道自己也曾是这里的病人。 ④我明白，在经历了被确诊为癌症的极度痛苦之后，仍有可能享受人生，因此，安慰癌症患者是我最大的快乐。 ⑤一位病人做了喉切除手术，我问他是否想喝冻啤酒，而且为他拿来了一杯，这时我看到他眼里闪耀着感激的神情，一股暖流顿时涌上我的心头。
⑥倘若人们意识到人的一生只不过是宇宙的时间长河中转瞬即逝的一刹那，那么以岁月计算的生命就不会像我们所想象的那样重要了。
⑦何必以心跳来定生死呢？ ⑧当生命依赖于心跳这样一种不可靠的功能时，它的确脆弱不堪。 ⑨而只有死亡才是人们唯一可以绝对依赖的。(许建平清华大学出版社) [分析] 本文主要涉及视角转换(shift of perspective)，增词(amplification)，和意合(parataxis)等翻译技巧。具体分析如下： ① 意合：英文形合的一个复合句翻译成中文意合的七个散句。 视角转换：词性的转换，介词转换成动词"到"。 切分："I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet"在译文中分成两个句子。 增词：增加"此时此刻"。
② 视角转换：由肯定"had to"转换成否定形式"不得不"。 形合：译文中仍为由"虽然"和"但是"这一组转折连词连接。
③ 视角转换:"knowing I, too, had been a patient there"这一分词短语转换成由"因为"引导的原因状语从句 ④ 视角转换：句序调整 增词：增加连词"因此" 切分："knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis"这一分词短语切分成译文中的三个分句。
⑤ 意合 视角转换：句序调整；词性转换，名词"sparkle"转换成动词"闪耀着"。 切分："It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes"分成译文中的两个分句。 增词：增加"感激的神情"，"顿时"等。
⑥ 形合：译文仍由"倘若"和"那么"这一组条件状语从句连词连接。 ⑦ 增词：增加语气助词"呢"。 ⑧ 视角转换：词性转换，形容词"is dependent on"转换成动词"依赖于"。 ⑨ 省词：省略"thing" 。 passage 2 Key words: comprehensive analysis, division, other techniques, C-E translation Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of the major technique "division" and other techniques used in text translating. Compiler: 李运兴编著 Date: 1998年
E-C 英文原文： （1）Someone once remarked that the British and the Americans are two peoples separated by the same language. （2）Most epigrams exaggerate for effect, and this one is no exception. （3）But it is, nevertheless, undeniably true that some commonly used words mean different things in these two cultures. （4）Consider the seemingly single term-"the government." （5）To parliamentarians trained in British terminology, "the government" means "the cabinet: a group of the legislature's own members, chosen by it to devise public policies, to manage the legislature's major activities, and to exercise executive powers. （6）In theory, at least, the government continues office only so long as it commands the support of a majority of the legislature. （7）Losing that support, it may be turned out of power at almost any moment. （8）When Americans say "the government," they mean something quite different: it connotes the whole governmental structure-executive, legislative and judicial. （9）Americans assume a situation in which the branches of government are deliberately separated and in which the powers of each check and balance those of the other. （李运兴编著"英汉语篇翻译"，清华大学出版社，1998）
中文译文： （1）有人曾说，英国人和美国人是被同一种语言分隔开的两个民族。 （2）警句为求效果大多过于夸张，上述警句也不例外。 （3）尽管如此，在这两种文化中，一些常用词汇表达了不同的事物，这一点却是千真万确的。 （4）让我们看看一个貌似简单的词-“政府”。 （5）对于那些受英国术语熏陶的议员们，“政府”指的是内阁，是立法机构本身的一批成员，由立法机构任命来制订公共政策，处理议会的重大活动并行使行政权力。 （6）政府只有赢得议会多数成员的支持，才可以继续执政，至少在理论上是这样。 （7）失去了多数支持，政府几乎随时有可能下台。 （8）美国人说到“政府”，意思就完全不同了。它指的是整个政体，包括行政、