五年高考语法专项分类汇编：名词
(整理版高中英语)高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之名词
高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之名词〔精校附解析〕【举一反三】【•一中高三上学期期中考试】To play better, all the players have to know their ___________ and weaknesses.A. techniquesB. strengthsC. benefitsD. values【答案】B strengths and weaknesses“优势和劣势〞是固定搭配，直接选择B项。
【卷】7. ___ Y our as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A. operationB. growthC. performanceD. character7.【考点】名词【答案】C【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习〔performance〕会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。
operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。
【难度】偏小【卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.A. symptomB. similarityC. sampleD. shadow29. A名词辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾病症很重要。
A项意为“病症〞，符合句意；B项意为“类似〞，C项意为“样本〞，D项意为“阴影〞，都与语意不符。
【卷】30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.A. patternB. procedureC. programD. perspective30. B名词辨析。
高考英语五年真题(2019-2023年)专题汇总解析—名词性从句和定语从句
高考英语五年真题（2019-2023年）专题汇总解析—名词性从句和定语从句一、2023年高考真题1.2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷This is ___42___ they need an English trainer.【答案】why【解析】考查表语从句。
句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。
分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。
故填why。
2.2023全国甲卷...the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”【答案】as【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。
故填as。
3.2023全国甲卷“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,”...【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。
句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。
故填where。
4.2023全国乙卷But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。
高考英语语法专题复习：专题06 名词
高考英语语法专题复习—名词距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
一、名词的分类名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是个人、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称。
如：John（约翰）, Mr Smith （史密斯先生）, France（法国）, London（伦敦）, the United Nations（联合国）, the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）。
普通名词是一类人或物或是一个抽象概念的名称。
如：worker（工人）, family（家庭）, cotton（棉花）, information（信息）。
一、名词的分类普通名词可分为以下四类：个体名词表示某一类人或物的个体。
如：man（男人）, lawyer（律师）, window（窗子）, dog（狗）。
集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。
高中英语语法归纳总结名词
高中英语语法归纳总结名词名词是英语中的一类词汇，用于表示人、物、地方、概念等，是构建句子必不可少的要素。
在高中英语学习中，掌握和运用好名词的基本规则对于正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
下面是对高中英语名词的归纳总结。
一、名词的基本分类1. 可数名词：可指称可以分为单数和复数的名词。
单数形式表示一个，复数形式表示多个。
2. 不可数名词：只有单数形式，表示一种不可分割的物质、抽象概念等。
二、名词的复数形式1. 一般情况下，名词加s形成复数。
如：books, pencils, trees。
2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，加es形成复数。
如：boxes, matches。
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加es形成复数。
如：babies, cities。
4. 以o结尾的名词，大多数加es形成复数。
如：potatoes, tomatoes。
5. 以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加es形成复数。
如：wolves, knives。
6. 特殊情况下，名词的复数形式不规则。
如：children, women。
三、名词的所有格形式1. 对于可数名词的单数形式，一般在名词后加’s形式表示所有格。
如：Mary’s book。
2. 对于可数名词的复数形式，如果以s结尾，只需在名词后加’表示所有格。
如：the students’ books。
如果复数形式不以s结尾，则在名词后加’s形式表示所有格。
如：the women’s bags。
3. 对于不可数名词，一般在名词后加’s形式表示所有格。
如：the company’s logo。
四、名词的分类及用法1. 普通名词：指称人、物、地方、概念等。
如：book, car, teacher。
2. 特指名词：指称特定的人、物、地方等。
如：the Great Wall, my mother。
3. 物质名词：指称物质、材料。
如：water, gold, milk。
高中英语语法专题：名词(含答案)
导学案【词汇串烧】Fall in Love with EnglishHiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60.His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English.爱上英语有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。
语法专项练习--名词冠词代词(学生版)(Bling bling)
考点一名词1.Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with(patient).2.Without the proper treatment, minor(injure)or burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.3.While she was in Paris,she developed a(tasty)for fine art.4.My first(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.5.Three months later,Jesse was able to communicate happily with all his classmates about regular things like homework and(game).6.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future(refer).7.Your(perform)as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.8.They were the kind that I did not have in my(collect)so I placed them carefully in my bag.9.For sustainable development, the government has decided to give(prefer)to those energy-conserving and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects.10.Due to the(apply)of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at an early stage.考点二代词1.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockarie’s story about how first aid saved(he)life.2.Studying Wendy’s menu,I found that many of the items are similar to of McDonald’s.3.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than on the small ones.4.Sarah made to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.5.During the rush hour, I have been looking for a taxi but haven’t found yet.6.is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.7.It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do.8.I like of these five ties. They are all too expensive and don’t go well with my new suit.考点三冠词1.It was cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the night sky.2.People develop a preference for a particular style of learning at early age and these preferences affect learning.3.Animals are obviously lower form of life than man.4.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and a break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.5.Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth century.6.Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.7.He missed gold in the high jump,but will get second chance in the long jump.8.The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea.9.We are said to be living in Information Age,time of new discoveries and great changes.10.But a parent of another child came up with even better idea—getting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd.过专题【五年高考】考点一名词1.(2018天津,6)The(possible)that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.2.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the(assume)you’v e made.3.(2017江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain)are hard to find.4.(2016浙江,4)It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.5.(2016江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy)and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.6.(2016天津,2)The dictionary is out of:many words have been added to the language since it was published.7.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.8.(2015江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my(apologize).9.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.10.(2015湖北,21)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his and had a bad fall.11.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify)when he went to carry out the secret task.12.(2014湖北,21)Her(motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 考点二代词1.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.2.(2015天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.3.(2015浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?4.(2015重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure.5.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.6.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.7.(2014大纲全国,25)—Who’s that at the door?—is the milkman.8.(2014山东,4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.9.(2014重庆,1)A smile costs,but gives much.10.(2014福建,21)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks.11.(2014浙江,3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making the driest year since California became a state in 1850.12.(2014安徽,24)You can ask anyone for help.here is willing to lend you a hand.13.(2014陕西,21)I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.14.(2014四川,1)She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.15.(2014江西,32)—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?—.I’ll be in all day.考点三冠词1.(2016浙江,2)prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.2.(2015浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.3.(2015重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.4.(2015陕西,14)more learned a man is,more modest he usually becomes.5.(2015四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven.6.(2014天津,8)Life is like ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.7.(2014重庆,6)I can’t tell you way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have Wilson here in the village.8.(2014浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days week,often long intonight.9.(2014陕西,19)village where I was born has grown into town.【三年模拟】A组2017—2019年模拟·基础题组考点一名词1.(2019浙江绿色评价联盟,63)All in all, the engineering advancements used to construct these super tall buildings can turn one man’s dream into(real).2.(2019浙江稽阳联考,59)Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring(country).3.(2019浙江余杭10月,57)Nowadays, of course, the harmful(effect)of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known.4.(2019浙江台州11月联考,39)At home he gave a dinner party to show the(invent)to his friends.5.(2019河南中原名校,43)The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the(grow)of the tea.6.(2018浙江宁波鄞州10月联考,61)Fortunately, he found a gas station several (kilometer)away.7.(2018湖北百所重点联考,65)The Theater District is a popular tourist (attract)in New York City.8.(2018浙江绍兴10月模拟,60)But during my freshman year I was unsatisfied with my (perform).9.(2018湖南三湘名校联考,63)It is an (adapt)of a popular novel of the same name.10.(2017浙江名校协作体联考,62)But Nobel’s main concern was never about making money or even about making scientific (discover).考点二代词1.(2019浙江杭州第二中学10月,58)Sometimes I even tried my best to dress up like(they).2.(2019浙江衢州10月,65)The bikes in the shop is better than in the supermarket.3.(2019浙江黄岩一模,43)He wanted to show how easy was to use the fork.4.(2019安徽江淮名校11月,47)And a 1955 US ad advised mothers to mix the sugary soft drink A 7 Up with (they)baby’s milk.5.(2019浙江绍兴联考,63)When writing, many calligraphers will forget all worries and even(they), combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.6.(2018浙江绍兴10月模拟,56)During high school I put (I)into situations where I would have to interact with people for most of the day.7.(2018浙江金华十校一模,57)People that participated were from all walks of life, and all of have great talent.8.(2018河北名校联盟, 63)It is the time when young people will move out of (they)home to live with other people, often strangers.9.(2017浙江金华十校联考,61)Some people get relieved by writing down the bad dreams and change the negative stories into positive on paper.10.(2017浙江名校协作体联考,62)Mrs Jane replied in a sweet smile, “That has to do with the room itself. It is just about your feeling.”考点三冠词1.(2019浙江杭州重高10月,64)Now he is famous star of stage and screen.2.(2019浙江名校协作体,61)Probably the safest place you can be in earthquake is in a tall building.3.(2019河南中原名校第一次联考,46)The story went that Emperor Qianlong visited the mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at foot of the mountain.4.(2019安徽江淮名校11月,43)Modern adverts began to appear in18th centuries.5.(2019浙江台州黄岩一模,45)Fifty years later people in England began to use forks.6.(2018湖南三湘名校联考,62) A film named Wolf Warriors II becomes hit in China recently.7.(2018江西红色七校联考, 69)It is sure that splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.8.(2018辽宁重高协作体联考,48)People always think that nothing bad will happen to them;it always happens to “other guy”.9.(2017浙江金华十校联考,59)Sometimes dreams are terrifying, but they are usually collection of confused thoughts.10.(2017浙江名校协作体联考,59)She said with the enthusiasm of eight-year-old child having just been presented with a new dog.B组2017—2019年模拟·综合题组Passage 1(综合填空)Mary was a good student in the university and she wanted to be a teacher after 1(graduate). When she graduated, she had a job interview in a high school, but she had no luck.“I noticed a tiny hole in one of my 2(stoc k)earlier.” she recalls. “But I knew I’d be late if I did 3 (some)about it. By the time I got to the interview, it was bigger than before. I walked in, apologizing 4not looking at 5best.” Her friend told her the school’s comment was, “If someone doesn’t take 6time to present her best 7(appear)at an interview, what kind of teacher is she going to be?”In a job interview, personal appearance is very important. After all, you are selling yourself to an employer. When going to a job interview, you should brush your hair tidy, and above all, dress 8properly.If you are viewed positively within 9critical first four minutes, the person you’ve met will probably feel everything you do is positive. If you leave the interviewer a bad impression, he will guess you have a lot of other unsatisfactory characters. Most employers believe that those who care about themselves will care more about10jobs.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.Passage 2(用所给词的适当形式填空)It was late at night.Two1(German)were sleeping in their room when,one of them,Mrs.Green,was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his 2(lucky).She had three thousand3(dollar)in her pocket.“What should I do? Many4(thief)usually bring5(knife)with them,” she thought in6 (silent).And at the same time the thief happened to touch a sports suit.It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room,so he went out to the next room where two7(Frenchman)were sleeping.When he was looking for 8(money)or some9(jewel)in the next room,Mrs.Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened.He was so scared that he took out a knife.Just then the police showed up.Before the thief ran away,the police caught him. Mrs.Green was happy because she didn’t need to worry about their10(safe).1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.Passage 3(冠词填空)When I walked down Third Avenue,as1rule,I used to look into the windows of2old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk after the closing time,I cupped my hands against3 windows to get4small look at the treasures inside.Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for5long time,but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were6most beautiful things that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about7old,too.I knew their value,and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given8deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well,my sister and I respected otherpeople,regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all9people around her.She was known to be10wise and kind woman,who was able to do things well even in her last years.Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽)by age,but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.。
高考英语语法专题复习--名词
高考英语语法专题复习一、名词Nouns一、名词的种类：1、专有名词1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。
（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。
）2、普通名词物质名词：water,rice, oil, paper......1）不可数名词抽象名词：health, trouble, work, pleasure, honor......注：①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。
如：have a wonderful time. make a great progress.②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
③不可数名词一般无复数形式。
部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。
如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows ......| | | |各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水大片水域积雪④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。
如：times时代，works著作，difficulties⑤在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。
如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper......2）可数名词：①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A bird can fly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.②有复数形式：a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（略）b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women),mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(pheno mena)；注：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）......。
英语名词知识点高考总结
英语名词知识点高考总结人们常说“名词是英语语法的基础”，而在英语的高考中，名词知识点也占据了相当重要的地位。
下面我们就来总结一下高考常考的英语名词知识点，以帮助同学们更好地备考。
一、名词的分类名词是根据其含义和用法的不同，可以分为五种不同的分类：可数名词，不可数名词，专有名词，集体名词和抽象名词。
1. 可数名词：指可以单独计数的名词，其后可接冠词a或an，表示不定数量。
可数名词还可以用于复数形式，通常在词尾加-s或-es。
例如：book（书），books（书籍）2. 不可数名词：指表示无法计数的名词，通常用来表示物质、抽象概念、集合或某些专有名词。
例如：water（水），knowledge（知识）3. 专有名词：指特定的人名、地名或团体名称，通常用大写字母开头。
例如：China（中国），David（大卫）4. 集体名词：指表示一类事物或一群人的名词，表示复数意义。
例如：family（家庭），team（团队）5. 抽象名词：指抽象概念或感觉的名词，通常无法用感官直接感知。
例如：love（爱），happiness（幸福）二、名词的单复数形式名词的单复数形式是高考名词题中的重点考点之一。
常见的名词单复数形式的规则有以下几种：1. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变复数时将y改为i再加es。
例如：city（城市）→cities（城市）2. 以f或fe结尾的名词，变复数时通常将f或fe改为v再加es。
例如：wife（妻子）→wives（妻子）3. 以o结尾的名词，变复数时通常加s，但有例外，例如：tomato （西红柿）和piano（钢琴）的复数形式分别为tomatoes和pianos。
4. 以s，sh，ch，x结尾的名词，变复数时直接加es。
例如：class（班级）→classes（班级）三、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系，一般通过在名词后加-apostrophe+s完成。
但当名词为复数形式时，只需加-apostrophe。
语法专题：名词
语法专题：名词知识清单：名词是表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。
1.名词分类：专有名词、普通名词（可数名词N、不可数名词U）。
2.名词的数：可数名词的规则和不规则变化、不可数名词的数。
3.名词所有格：of所有格的构成和用法、’s所有格、双重所有格。
4.名词的句法功能：主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。
一．名词的分类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
（一）专有名词：是表示具体的人、事物、国家、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称，其中实词的首字母必须大写。
如：John约翰、Tom汤姆、China中国、Beijing北京、the World Trade Organization世界贸易组织。
注：○1专有名词一般不加冠词，通常也没有复数形式。
但若表示某姓的一家人或同姓、同名的若干人，可以加冠词或有复数形式。
如：1.Smith has already left for Hongkong. 史密斯已经去香港。
2.The Smiths are coming to our party tonight. 史密斯一家。
3.There are two Toms in our class. 在我们班上有两个汤姆。
○2专有名词有时也可以当普通名词用，但是意义有所不同。
如：1.He is a Shakespeare. 他是一个莎士比亚。
意思是“他文采很好”。
2.He is a living Lei Feng. 他是一个活雷锋。
3.China中国，china瓷器。
（二）普通名词：是指一类人或事物的共有名称。
分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
1.可数名词○1个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的词。
eg：pencil、desk、chair、hall.○2集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的词。
eg：family、police、class、group、team。
2.不可数名词○1物质名词：表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词。
高考英语总复习之语法专项讲解名词
第一章：名词名词的意义和种类一.名词的意义:表示人, 事物, 或抽象概念的词叫做名词二.名词的种类:1.专有名词: 表示具体的人, 事物, 地点或机构的专有名称, 如: China, Lei Feng, Yan’an2.普通名词: 表示某类人或某类事物的名称, 又可分为四类①.个体名词: 表示单个的人或事物, 如: doctor, house, tree, orange, photo②.集体名词: 表示一群人或事物的总称, 如: class, family, group③.物质名词: 表示无法分出个体的物质, 如: rice, steel, water, coal, cotton④.抽象名词: 表示抽象概念的词, 如: victory, health, progress, friendship名词的数一般地说, 个体名词和集体名词是可数的, 称为可数名词; 物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数的, 称为不可数名词一.可数名词复数形式的构成:1.规则变化:①.一般直接在名词后加-s, 如: desks, maps, bags, days, houses, faces②.以字母s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词后加-es, 如: buses, brushes, watches, boxes③.以字母f 或fe结尾的名词构成复数形式时, 把f / fe改为v, 再加-es, 如: lives, leaves, shelves, knives, wives, thieves, 但roofs, chiefs, gulfs, beliefs, proofs等例外④.以-o结尾的名词的复数多数加-es, 如: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes等, 少数加-s, 如: zoos, radios, studios, photos, pianos, bamboos, tobaccos, videos, kilos等⑤.以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词, 要把y改为i, 再加-es, 如: factories, babies, countries2.不规则变化:①.改变单数名词中的元音字母, 如: men, women, feet, geese②.单复数形式相同, 如: sheep, deer, fish, means(方式,方法), jin(斤), yuan(元)③.其他形式, 如: child – children, ox – oxen, mouse – mice④.表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而名异a.单复数形式相同(多以-ese结尾), 如: Chinese, Japanese, Swissb.词尾加-s(多以-an结尾), 如: Russians, Germans, Americans, Koreans, Indians, Italians, Greeksc.将man变成men,将woman变成women, 如: Englishman, Englishwomen, Dutchmen⑤.复合名词的复数形式有以下几种情况:a.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式, 如: lookers-on, sons-in-law, step-sons, passers-by, editors-in-chiefb.如果复合名词中没有主体名词, 则在最后一个词的后面加s(或其他复数形式), 如: grown-ups成年人, go-betweens中间人c.有些复合名词的组成部分都要变成复数形式, 如: men servants, women doctors二.不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但要注意以下几点:1.物质名词的复数可表示多种类, 多量, 多次等含义, 如: fruits各种水果, teas, steels, snows积雪, waters海水(或河水,湖水,江水)2.有些不可数名词的复数形式表示与这个不可数名词不同的意义, 如: greens青菜, times时代, works著作, spirits情绪, irons镣铐, manners礼貌3.有些物质名词有时也是可数名词:a. A glass (玻璃杯) is made of glass.b. Do you have any evening papers (报纸) ?4.专有名词一般只用单数, 但有时也可用复数, 如: the West Indies西印度群岛, the Jacksons杰克逊一家a. There are four Lius in our class.在我们班有四个姓刘的5.物质名词在表示数量时, 常借助一些量词来表示, 如: a cup of tea, two glasses of milk, three pieces of chalk. 可数名词也可用这种形式来表示数量, 如: three boxes of matches, four baskets of apples三.有此名词既可作不可数名词, 也可作可数名词, 但意义常有不同1.物质名词表示种类或具体事物时, 可成为可数名词, 如: tea茶/ teas各种茶, hair头发/ a hair一根头发, glass玻璃/ a glass玻璃杯, paper纸/ papers试卷,论文,报纸2.抽象名词具体化可使之成为可数名词, 如: difficulty表示“困难”时是不可数, 表示“难事”时是可数, 再如: pleasure表示“乐事”, youth表示“青年”时都是可数3.可数名词用来表示抽象意义或物质意义时, 成为不可数名词, 如: room空间, talk空谈, chicken鸡肉名词的格英语中名词有三个格: 主格(作主语), 宾格(作宾语)和所有格一.名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词的所有格1.表示有生命的东西(人或物)的名词的所有格一般在名词后加’s, 如: my father’s room①.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加’, 如: the teachers’ reading room, the masses’ advice②.不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加’s, 如: the people’s needs, women’s rights③.若专有名词以-s结尾, 它的所有格一般只加’, 但也有加’s的, 读作[iz], 如: B urns’s poems或Burns’ poem④.复合名词或短语的所有格的’s加在最后一个词之后, 如: her son-in-law’s photo,the commander-in-chief’s report, the king of Spain’s daughter, somebody else’s car⑤.如果一样东西为两人共有, 则在后面一个名词后加’s;如果不是两者共有, 则在两个名词之后都要加’s, 如: Jane and Helen’s room (Jane和Helen共用的房间), Bill’s and Tom’s rooms(Bill的房间和Tom的房间)⑥.在表示店铺, 某人的家的名词所有格后面, 一般省掉它所修饰的名词, 如: the tailor’s裁缝店, the barber’s理发店, at my uncle’s在叔叔家2.表示无生命的名词一般用of构成词组表示所有关系, 如: the cover of the book, the workshops of the factory. 但, 表示时间, 距离, 重量, 国家, 城市, 地点等无生命的名词也可用’s形式来表示其所有关系, 如: three days’ sick leave, half an hour’s walk, today’s newspaper, a ton’s weight, China’s agriculture, Shanghai’s industry.3.指有生命的名词也可以用of词组表示所有格, 常用于以下情况之下:①.名词较长时, 如: the story of doctor Bethune, the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin②.名词的定语较长, 如: the son of the man who you just talked to, the name of the boy standing there4. of +名词的’s所有格形式或名词性物主代词称为双重所有格. 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词, 数词,不定代词或指示代词(如a, two, some, any, such, no, a few, this, that, these, those等)时, 常用双重所有格表示所属关系, 如: a friend of my father’s =one of my father’s friends, two brothers of his, some inventions of Edison’s, these poems of Li Bai’s, a few classmates of Xiao Ming’s, a ny friend of Tom’s, some houses of my grandfa ther’s.关于双重所有格还需注意以下几点:①.在双重所有格中, of前面的名词不和the连用, 如不能说: the new dress of Susan’s. 但若有定语从句在后, 则可以用the, 如可以说: the friends of my father’s who is going abroad②.在双重所有格中, 作of宾语的名词必须是人, 而且是特指。
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【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：我们办公室有个 惯例，当某个人过生日时，他们就会拿来一个蛋糕供我 们大家一起分享。tradition 传统，惯例；balance 平衡； concern 关心，担心；relationship 关系，关联。A项符合 语境。
【2011·江西卷·T31】
What’s the_______ , in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself? A．sympathy B．theme C．object D. point
A. promise
B. lead
C. balance
D. diary
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意为:你一直工作太辛 苦了。你最好协调好工作与休息之间的关系。promise诺 言;lead领先;balance平衡;diary日记。keep a balance between A and B为固定短语,意为“使A与B保持平 衡”,“协调好A与B之间的关系”符合句意,故选C。
My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression 【解析】选D。考查名词。句意:我对他的第一印象是他 是一个善良且体贴的年轻人。expression表达,表示,表 情;attention注意,留心;satisfaction满意,满足;impression 印象。由句意可知选D。
【2012·福建卷·T25】
—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency ? —Well, you know, English is my _______ .So it is my best choice. A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill
【2012·江苏卷·T21】
—Can I help you with it? —I appreciate your _______, but I can manage it myself. A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea 【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意:—需要我帮忙吗?— 谢谢你帮忙的提议,但我自己能行。Advice 建议,忠告; question 问题; offer 主动提供; idea 想法，主意。根据情 景，第一个人主动提供帮助，而第二个人表示不需要帮 助，感谢对方提供帮助，故选C。
A. emotions
C. regulations
B. principles
D. opinions
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意：无论如何，我都 不能欺骗他—这有违我的（做人）原则。emotion情绪； principle 常用复数形式，意为（行为的）准则、规范； regulation 规章, 制度；opinion 意见，观点。
【2012·四川卷·T15】
He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of _______. A. luck B. value C. time D. fact
【解析】选C。考查名词。句意:他迟早会理解你的努力 的。这只是时间问题。根据句意可知,应选择time。It’s just a matter of time.这只是时间的问题。luck运 气;value价值,重要性;fact事实。
2011年各地高考对名词的考查
【2011·四川卷·T13】
Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s_______ .
A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意为：一定要记得 把小刀这一类危险的物品放到孩子们够不到的地方。 reach名词，伸手可达到的距离，out of one’s reach 手不 能及。touch名词，触摸,out of touch 与 ……无联系。 sight名词，视力;out of sight看不见。distance 名词，距 离。故选C。
5年高考语法分类汇编
——名词专题专练
2012年各地高考对名词的考查
【2012·湖北卷·T29】
It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any . A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:定期检查你的 眼睛看是否有眼病迹象是很重要的, 这些眼部疾病可能没 有任何症状。symptom 症状，征兆;similarity 类似,相 似;sample样本,标本;shadow阴影，影子。这里指的是眼 部疾病的“症状”, 所以应该选A。
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意:你最好记下那个饭 馆的电话号码供日后查阅。purpose 目的; reference 参考， 查阅; progress 进步; memory记忆。根据句意,选B。
【2012·天津卷·T3】
You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _______ between work and relaxation.
【解析】选D。句意：你认为，如果他自己不努力去帮助 自己的话，别人帮他还有什么意义呢？sympathy同情； theme 主题；object 目标，物体；point意义。the point of doing sth. 意为：“做某事的理由或意义”，故选D。
【2011·浙江卷·T18】
Anyway, I can’t cheat him --- it’s against all my ______.
A. anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic
【解析】选D。句意：“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了!” 妈妈大喊道，声音里明显带着恐慌。本题考查名词辨义： anger 生气，愤怒；rudeness粗鲁，粗暴；regret 遗憾， 后悔；panic 恐慌，惊恐。根据句意选择D项。
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:那位官员坚持 认为迈克尔在申请签证时没有遵循正确的程序。pattern 模式,模板; procedure程序,手续,步骤; program节目; perspective态度，观点，视角。遵循的应该是正确的“程 序,手续”, 故正确选项为B。
【2012·山东卷·T24】
【解析】 选A。考查名词词义。句意为:—你为什么选择 在国际旅行社工作?—噢,你知道,英语是我的强项。因此 这是我最好的选择。strength 长处; talent 才华,天赋; ability 能力; skill 技能。故选A。
【2012·江西卷·T29】
You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _______. A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory
【2011·山东卷·T34】
There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析，句意：教师必须不断 地更新自己的知识来保持专业技能水平。consequence结 果，推论；independence独立；competence技能，技巧； intelligence智能，智慧。
【2011·湖北卷·T21】
“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.
【2011·福建卷·T26】
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _______ of global climate change. A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection
【2012·浙江卷·T7】
Your _______ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character 【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意为:如果你养成一种 经常思考怎样学习的习惯,那作为一名学生,你的表现将会 是非常优秀的。operation 操作,手术; growth增长，成长; performance表现,表演; character性格,特色,角色,人物。 根据句意，只有C合适。
【2012·全国卷II·T19】
The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _______ in this city.