商务英语口译 龚龙生 Unit15 翻译答案

Unit 151.The globalization of economies has created a confluence of cultures when it comes tobusiness practices.经济一体化增加了商业活动中文化的交汇。

2.It’s often not what you say that counts but what you don’t say. A wink, a subtle gesture canall be signals that punctuate the spoken words in business negotiation.起作用的往往并不是你说的话，而是你没有说的话。

眨一下眼、一个难以捉摸的手势都是商务谈判中暗藏话语的信号。

3.We should try to avoid slavish adherence to stereotypes and to leave room to evaluateindividual behavior in an overall cultural context .我们应该尽量避免对陈规的盲目跟从，并要留出空间，将个人行为放到整体文化背景中去衡量。

4.In the west, most companies have well-established and identifiable lines of organization.在西方，大多数公司都已形成健全而明确的组织体系。

5.Basically all employees in medium to large-sized Western companies have an official,documented job description. Titles are usually indicative of rank and status.在西方的中大型公司，基本上所有的雇员都有一个正式工作描述档案，头衔通常表示级别和身份。

6.All employee contracts are enforceable by law, and both employees and employers can beheld liable for any unauthorized violation of a contract.所有劳动合同受到法律保护，雇员和雇主都要为违反劳动合同的行为负责。

7.Clear delineation and classification of job responsibilities are instrumental in creating astrong company culture.明确工作性质和工作指着是创造优秀企业文化的基础。

8.Western clients and customers are not expecting an overly friendly conversation when theymake a business call. They expect some degree of professionalism.西方客户和顾客在打商务电话时不希望对方过度友好，他们希望职业化些。

9.Most Western companies avoid negative criticism because it can be demoralizing andcounter-productive.大部分西方国家的公司一般都避免负面消极的批评，否则就会挫伤士气产生适得其反的效果。

10.In some case, employees may be required to wear some kind of company uniform. Anyemployee who refuses to adhere to company policy can be disciplined.在有些情况下，公司要求雇员穿公司制服，任何不遵守公司规定的人要受到处罚。

11.An organization with an enterprise culture is one where people are imaginative and creative,rather than being reluctant to take risks.拥有企业文化的企业，其员工有想象力和创造力从不畏惧冒险。

12.ABC company has a long-standing tradition of leadership in philanthropy through variousorganizations worldwide.ABC公司通过世界各地的机构长期引领慈善事业，这是公司的传统。

13.An enterprise culture is made up of enterprising people who are prepared to challengeexisting ways of doing things.企业文化是由勇于创新的员工组成的，他们敢于挑战现有的工作方式。

14.Europeans, Africans, and Arabs in particular, are put off by the straight-to-the-point style ofNorth American business communication. They prefer a more round-about approach.欧洲人，非洲人，尤其是阿拉伯人，对北美洲商人在商务交际中的直率作风感到不快。

他们喜欢比较迂回的交际方式。

15.The North American style of expressing emotions is considered impulsive and wild by Asiansbut restrained and cold by Latin Americans.亚洲人认为北美洲人表达情感的方式是冲动和狂热的，而拉丁美洲人却认为他们是克制和冷淡的。

16.If greeted by the somewhat uncommon custom of applause, the appropriate response is toapplaud back.如果受到意外的鼓掌欢迎，最好是以鼓掌来回应。

17.We’ll bring state-of-the-art technology to China and establish transfer and training programsto keep the technology current.我们将把最先进的技术带回中国，建立技术转让与培训项目，使技术保持先进。

18.The primary goal of General Motors in China over the coming year is clear: to diversify andrenew our line of products.在即将到来的一年中，通用汽车在中国的主要目标是明确的，那就是更新我们的产品系列，并使它们多样化。

Unit 151.文化特征可能来自下列差异：种族、民族、性别、阶层、宗教、国别和地区。

Cultural identity can stem from the following differences: race, ethnicity, gender, class, religion, country of origin and geographic region.2.我们对环境的个人理解往往变成我们自己对事物的认识，但却忽视了对方的看法。

Often our own picture of the situation becomes our own reality, and we dismiss the other side’s point of view.3.美国人认为搞裙带关系是不道德的，但大多数拉丁美洲文化却将它视为一种手段。

Americans regard nepotism as immoral while most Hispanic cultures regard it as a means.4.美国人的决策以底线和冷酷严格的事实为基础。

他们不玩偏袒的游戏。

经济效益和成绩起作用，而不是人际关系在起作用。

Americans make decisions based on the bottom line and cold, hard facts. They do not play favoritism. Economic performance and achievements count, not interpersonal relations.5.对日本人来说，在商业交易中保住面子和赢得和谐要比获得更高的销售额和利润更重要。

Saving face and achieving harmony are more important factors in business dealings for Japanese than achieving higher sales and profits.6.项目管理是一种重要的方法论，西方企业常常运用这一方法论来解决问题、指导新产品或服务投放市场，以及实现人员的最佳化配置。

Project management is a key methodology that Western businesses use on a regular basis to solve problems, to launch new products and services, and to maximize the use of personnel. 7.在西方商界，每逢经济动荡、公司重组或缩减规模时就会裁员，所以下岗并不是件可耻的事情。

It’s a quite common practice for Western Businesses to lay off employees during times of economic upheaval, company organization, and downsizing .There is no great stigma associated with being laid off.8.介绍通常相当正式。

中国人一般是用点头或者轻微的鞠躬作为打招呼的方式，不过握手也是常见和恰当的。