品牌营销外文翻译文献

品牌营销外文翻译文献
品牌营销外文翻译文献

品牌营销外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

Brand Strategy Research

Economic globalization,how to adapt to international trends,establish,a strong brand and enhance our competitiveness,have become pressing issues facing enterprises.Based on the analysis of the development of corporate marketing brand strategy in enterprise marketing role.Enterise needs to sue a variety of means of competition to

increase brand awarenss, improve brand positioning, an create a good brand image.

First, Japanese brands across the board defeat.

November 22,2006 morning, NEC announced that it would withdraw from 2G and 2.5mobile phone market ,which means that, following Sharp, Panasonic, Toshiba, Mitsubishi, Sanyo, a Japanese mobile phone manufacturers later withdraw from the Chinese market, Japanese mobile phone has almost all except Kyocera 2G mobile phone market in China out of contention.

If we sum up the Chinese household appliance market, today any different from ten years ago,I think the biggest difference is that Japanese companies in China, Japanese home appliance market downturn, the following main reasons: First, rigid enterprise system, decision-making difficult, the reaction was slow, incompatible with the reality of the Chinese market ,it is difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing Chinese market;2 is weak in marketing ,product planning capacity is not strong ,it is difficult to judge according to their marker lacunch to meet consumer demand and forecast products, follow the trend has been in a passive situation, can not satisfy market demand; Third, failure to grasp the industry best time to transition is the Japanese home appliance companies lose an important reason for market dominance.

Japanese companies come to the edge in the Chinese market is

causing companies tothink deeply about our nation ? To make the internanational route and whether the enterprise of“Japanese Company”to the lessons learned behind?Second, the brand strategy implementation in China the Current Situation Many old famous“flash in the pen”

Chinese and foreign enterprises in the Chinese market the brand war;just grow up to be a great impact on national brands. The last century, a little-know 80’s brand ,not being registered by trademark, is to be acquired, squeeze, even if the residue is hard going down really developed very limited.Here atypical case, the last century 80s to early 90s,he worked in air conditioning sector hit wonders of the Warburg in 1998,was acquired Kelon,the subsequent deline in brand image is repeated.

Brand strategy has been an increasing emphasis on domestic enterprises caused the government to support.

Since the 80s of last century reform and opening up,China’s socialist econonomic construction has made remarkable achievements. From a planned economy to market economy era Chiness companies, brand management has grown out of nothing.

Information,local governments at all levels of emphasis on brand-name,organization promoting the efforts,policies measures have greatly ehangced Qinghai, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Ningbo, Shenyang and other cities on the Chinese famous erterprises incentives to 100

million,on Dali an 3 million Yuan ,on brand-name companies have been cities for the 100000yuan reward-200000yuan.

Japanese 8th 2009 year to Japanese 11th,the 40th International Consumer Electronics Show(CES) in Las Vegas Ventian hotel opening.National enterprises in the CES,we achieve superior results.

It is understood that this year there are 4000 people registered to participate in China CES,including manufacturers,media and spectators,in the exhibition hall,there are 327 exhibitors.Haier is the world’s most authoritative consumer electronics industry media “TWICE”named for the Chinese consumer electronics brand.

3.The status of foreign brands in most sectors is still difficult to shake

However,we should also see the face of numerous products on the market,allows consumers blurted out genuinely few domestic brands.With the opening up further,to a number of big companies have to squeeze into the Chinese market,Chinese market,a time filled with“sony”,“Coca-Cola”,“rejoice”,“Benz”and various other internantional brands,many of these names foreign brands violently hitting the national brand in China.Although the appliance industry ,led by haier bran d,“Konka”,“Changhong”,“TCL”and other domestic brands have developed well,but with the “Sony”,“Panasonic”“Samsung”and other brands,they are still there competitive disadvangtage;in the IT

industry,“Lenovo”,“Founder”,“Great Wall”and other countries compared to ,brand awareness is still insufficient;in Consumer Goods market,“P&G”,“Oliver”,“Henkel”,and other international companies have formed the three pillars.

Third,the brand strategy implementation in China Problems and Errors.

Currently,Chinese brands have a huge international marker opportunity and space for international brands has been inevitable,but there are also brand building is not unsatisfactory.

Our Enterprise Brand Building Problems:

Factors from the point of micro-enterprises themselves:there is a lace of technology development,brand competitiveness is not strong;brand personality,lack of innovation and development capacity;small-scale production and management,brand development lack of overall planning;ability of weak erports and internantional operations,Brand awareness is not strong;brand positioning is not clear,there is a large range of factors such as blindness.Speaking from the macro social factors:social mechanisms need to be improved,policies and regulations support the neeed to furthe r strengthen the country’s industrial policy,export-oriented policies for different sectors play different role in the country’s industrial policy,export-oriented policies for different sectors play different role in the promotion and limitation,the financial

environment for business investment capacity and market expansion ability and the important influence.The establishment of market system in China has for many years,despite a significant improvement but still not perfect,ther still has not really adapt to the market economy,consumer psychology has not yet fully mature.

2.The current situation of global economic integration, the error of the brand strategy implementation

(1)Ignore the brand investment,profit-oriented

Background of economic globalization, international competition is increasingly reflected in the brand’s competition, the overwhelming majority of the modern world famous multinational companies with particular emphasis on the use of brand strategy, brand such a full range of output through the form of multinational corporations gradually occupationof the internantional market. it is no exaggeration to say that now,the brand has achieved global strategic objectives of transnational corporations sharp weapon,is an important means to achieve capital expansion.

Rome was not built in a day cold .Brand never be in the short term invented to be a long process of accumulation. Many enterprises do not clearly recognize this point,attempt to create a brand in a short time,but ignored the long-term planning and strategy.

(2)Brand strategy is a systematic

The implementation of brand strategy is a systematic,enterprise strategy and the overall development of an important component of competitive strategy.The implementation of brand strategy is to rely on their overall quality and overall image enhancement,the need for scientific management idea and superb operational skills,but quit a few brand planner in this regard was particularly poor performance and immediate impact brand development ,practical work in the emergence of many such errors:If that job is to create a brand to take a good brand is drawing a satisfactory visual signs only;Advertising is the only way to cuoltivate well-known brands,in addition to adbertising in the media ,big,the other no attention;scale enterprise product once formed,well-known brands on the naturally established;well-known brand is equivalert to high price,to be unrealistically improve the product price.Some companies even to furthrer in the brand Wrong Operation not hesitate to give up their own brand business,with foreign companies,brands,or to sell its own brand low-cost transfer,such as our persent more than 20 million“three capital”enterprises,there 90% of the joint venture using the foreign brands;clean silver toothpaste fctory in Ghuangzhou to 2 million yuan cheap to transfer to joint ventures and other brands,is one such outstanding erample of the terrible consequences of today has become increasingly apparent-lost domestic enterprises own brand,product and intellectual property rights,national industrial

competitiveness lie!

(3)Product is the enterprise competitive advantage in the market can be quickly imitated by competitors,beyond,the brand is insurmountable,real and lasting competitive advantage comes from innovati on,in order to “change”shouldbe “status quo”

Brand is the concentrated expression of the core competitiveness.The market is constrantly changing face of any brand at any time to be out of danger .Too much emphasis on the existing achievements,do not attach importance to innovation,leading to a lot of brand-name“dismount”the major reason.Coca-Cola’s former chiefmarketing officer Sergio Zyman,“the brand is only the company logo products and services are different from competitors,is the most effective weapon to open up the market,excellent brand can make your product stand out.”Products physical properties,quantity,price,quality,service is very easy to make your product stand out.” Products physical properties, quantitiy, price, quality,service is very easy to imitate competitors, Er brands, along with the product itself,also includes an attatched product to cultural background, emotional, consumer cognition invisible things,so that enterprises Yong Y uan Li in the competition undefeated.Consumer awareness deciding the fate of the brand has a direct impact on consumer awareness.Brand is the difference deciding the fateof the brand has a direct impact on consumer

awareness.Brand is the difference between the market enterprise important symbols is the benchmark for consumer spending to brand as the core has become a cor porate restructuring and reallocation of resources an important mechanism.

In addition,enterprises should learn from successful exiperiences abroad to enhance their design and development capability.Enterprises should dare to challenge the new technology revolution to create their own brand, and increase market competitiveness; We must work hard in the value of differentiation has been directly determined to achieve the final product sales,personal services are indispensable!

2.To strengthen marketing,improve brand awareness,brand strategy will be organically integrated in their overall strategy to promote the overall development strategy.

The implementation of brand marketing is an important part of the strategy.By choosing the right marketing approach can be effectively used to brand a household name brand,expand market share.Brand strategy is not an isolate task,but the overall development strategy and business are closely related.A successful brand names more than just a brand its own thing,related to business management of all major strategic decision,these major strategic decision,these major strategic decisions were consciously carried out around to expand.

翻译:

企业品牌战略研究

卡普费雷尔,J.H

2010年6月11日

在经济全球化的今天,如何适应国际化潮流,建立强势品牌,提高竞争能力,已经成为国内企业面临的迫切问题。本文在分析我国企业营销品牌战略发展状况的基础上,从品牌战略的内涵与其功能意义入手,探讨了品牌战略在企业营销中的作用。企业需要综合运用多种竞争手段提高品意,搞好品牌定位,塑造良好品牌形象。

一、日系品牌全线崩溃

2006年11月22日上午,NEC宣布将推出2G及2.5G手机市场,这意味着继夏普、松下、东芝、三菱、三洋之后又一家日本手机厂商退出中国市场,日系手机除京瓷外几乎全部退出中国2G手机市场的争夺。

如果我们总结今天的中国家电市场与十年前有什么不同的话,我想,最大的不同就是,日系企业在中国的繁荣已经渐行渐远。

对于日系手机败退,乃至日系家电走到中国市场的低谷,主要原因有以下几点:一是企业制度呆板,决策困难,反应速度慢,与另市场现实格格不入,难以适应快速变化的中国市场;二是市场营销能力弱,产品规划能力不强,很难根椐自己对市场的判断与预测推出迎合消费需求的产品,一直处于跟风的被动局面,无法满足中国市场的需要;三是未能把握住产业转型最佳时机,是日系家电企业失去市场主导地位的重要原因。

日系企业在中国市场上走到边缘是否引起我们民族企业的深思?欲走国际化路线的企业又是否从“日系企业”的背后吸取教训?

二、我国企业实施品牌战略的现状分析处

零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献

零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

译文: 零售企业的营销策略 Philip Kotlor 今天的零售商为了招徕和挽留顾客,急欲寻找新的营销策略。过去,他们挽留顾客的方法是销售特别的或独特的花色品种,提供比竞争对手更多更好的服务提供商店信用卡是顾客能赊购商品。可是,现在这一切都已变得面目全非了。现在,诸如卡尔文·克连,依佐和李维等全国性品牌,不仅在大多数百货公司及其专营店可以看到,并且也可以在大型综合商场和折扣商店可以买到。全国性品牌的生产商为全力扩大销售量,它们将贴有品牌的商品到处销售。结果是零售商店的面貌越来越相似。 在服务项目上的分工差异在逐渐缩小。许多百货公司削减了服务项目,而许多折扣商店却增加了服务项目。顾客变成了精明的采购员,对价格更加敏感。他们看不出有什么道理要为相同的品牌付出更多的钱,特别是当服务的差别不大或微不足道时。由于银行信用卡越来越被所有的商家接受,他们觉得不必从每个商店赊购商品。 百货商店面对着日益增加的价格的折扣店和专业商店的竞争,准备东山再起。历史上居于市中心的许多商店在郊区购物中心开设分店,那里有宽敞的停车场,购买者来自人口增长较快并且有较高收入的地区。其他一些则对其商店形式进行改变,有些则试用邮购盒电话订货的方法。超级市场面对的是超级商店的竞争,它们开始扩大店面,经营大量的品种繁多的商品和提高设备等级,超级市场还增加了它们的促销预算,大量转向私人品牌,从而增加盈利。 现在,我们讨论零售商在目标市场、产品品种和采办、服务以及商店气氛、定价、促销和销售地点等方面的营销策略。 一、目标市场 零售商最重要的决策时确定目标市场。当确定目标市场并且勾勒出轮廓时,零售商才能对产品分配、商店装饰、广告词和广告媒体、价格水平等作出一致的决定。如沃尔玛的目标市场相当明确:

独特的品牌战略【外文翻译】

外文翻译 原文 Strategies for distinctive brands Material Source: Journal of Brand Management Author:Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky ABSTRACT Brand identity complements brand equity and it forms an important part of the strategic management of brands. Identity elements include a well-known brand name, logo, font type, symbols, colour, shape, as well as unique product and benefit descriptions. These different elements can contribute to distinct consumer perceptions of various brands in the marketplace and help to differentiate brands from competitors. Brand managers need to start with a vision of what they want their brand to represent and then use the appropriate identity elements to build the brand. Some brand identity components may be influential to choice at the subconscious level of consumers, and therefore the understanding of individual psychological processes of perception and social meaning is required by brand managers. Keywords: brand equity ; brand identity ; logos ; brand names ; packaging INTRODUCTION Much literature in the area of branding has focused on brand equity and its importance to strong brands. Although everyone agrees that understanding and creating brand equity is essential for marketing, very little academic attention is paid to understanding the importance of brand identity and its relation to brand equity and brand management. Brand identity is the visual picture and meaning derived from the visual impact of the brand. For the consumer to identify brands with their respective manufacturers, the brands must be sold with distinctive features supplied by that particular manufacturer. Strong and unique links to one source is what complements and protects brands from being interchangeable in the marketplace. Brand differentiation, or identity, may be achieved through a well-known brand name, logo, typeface, symbol, colour, shape, distinctive design of the package or product, as well as product benefit descriptions known as unique selling points

电子商务企业文化中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文 电子商务时代企业文化的再造 随着网络时代电子商务大规模发展,电子商务企业文化随之产生,它在一个企业在产生的一种新的价值观,使企业内部资源得到从新整合,在为企业带来降低交易成本,提高效率,缩短生产周期等诸多好处的同时,也对已有的企业文化发起了挑战。电子商务的兴起是一场由技术手段飞速发展而引发的商业运作模式的变革,传统经济活动的生存基础、运作方式和管理机制均发生了彻底改变,传统的企业文化也面临着巨大的冲击。 一、企业文化对企业价值的贡献 文化现象是一个国家和民族文明的主要见证。广义的文化,包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。作为“亚文化”的企业文化,对企业的生存与发展亦起着举足轻重的作用。企业文化是商品经济和市场经济的产物,符合市场经济的客观规律,体现企业的竞争实务、竞争精神和整体形象。所谓企业文化就是企业的经营管理哲学,企业面对所处的社会和商业环境,在长期的生产经营活动中,形成全体员工所接受和认同信守的、为争取事业成功的一套非正式规则。它表明企业奉行何种管理哲学,以及企业通过管理要达到一个什么样的目标。是经济管理的重要内容之一。企业文化意味着一个公司的价值观,而这些价值观成为公司员工活动和行为的规范。 企业文化的本源问题是如何增加企业利润,降低企业的成本和费用。它的要义就是怎么使企业能够有效的整合资源,以达到对外部的适应性,使公司在竞争中生存,进而实现持续发展。企业文化建设为企业开展文化管理指出一个明确的方向。企业文化建设的根本目的是建设能够对外竞争环境具有高度适应性,并能根据环境变换做出迅速反应的行为方式能力,这种能力其实就是企业所拥有的根据外部竞争的环境需要而对内部资源进行整合运用的能力。企业文化建设应促进这一能力系统的形成,并维持好这一能力系统。中国的许多企业例如海尔、联想等企业成功的秘诀之一就是发展了一整套公司理念、经营哲学,形成了自己独特的企业文化。 1、企业文化体现企业的形象和精神。树立良好的企业形象,需要企业文化的支撑。现

市场营销策略论文中英文资料对照外文翻译

市场营销策略 1 市场细分和目标市场策略 具有需求,具有购买能力并愿意花销的个体或组织构成了市场。然而,在大多数市场中,购买者的需求不一致。因此,对整个市场采用单一的营销计划可能不会成功。一个合理的营销计划应以区分市场中存在的差异为起点,这一过程被称为市场细分,它还包括将何种细分市场作为目标市场。 市场细分使公司能更加有效地利用其营销资源。而且,也使得小公司可以通过集中在一两个细分上场上有效地参与竞争。市场细分的明显缺点是,其导致了比单一产品、单一大市场策略更高的生产和营销成本。但是,如果市场细分得当的话,更加符合消费者的需求,实际上将生产更高的效率。 确定目标市场有三种可供选择的策略,它们是统一市场、单一细分市场和多重细分市场。统一市场策略即采取一种营销组合用到一个整体的、无差异的市场中去。采取单一细分市场策略,公司仍然仅有一种营销组合,但它只用在整个市场的一个细分市场中。多重细分市场策略需要选择两个或更多的细分市场,并且每个细分市场分别采用一种单独的营销组合。 2 产品定位 管理者将注意力集中于一种品牌,并以恰当的方式将其与类似的品牌相区分,但这并不意味着该品牌就一定能够最后赢利。因此,管理者需要进行定位,即塑造与竞争品牌和竞争对手的其他品牌相关的自我品牌形象。 市场营销人员可以从各种定位策略中加以选择。有时,他们决定对某一特定产品采用一种以上的策略。以下是几种主要的定位策略: 2.1与竞争者相关的定位 对一些产品来说,最佳的定位是直接针对竞争对手。该策略特别适用于已经具有固定的差别优势或试图强化这种优势的厂商。为排挤微处理器的竞争对手,Intel公司开展了一项活动使用户确信它的产品优于竞争对手的产品。公司甚至为电脑制造商出钱,让它们在自己的广告中带上“Intel Inside”标志。作为市场领导者,可口可乐公司推出新产品并实施其市场营销策略。同时,它密切注视百事可乐公司,以确保对主要竞争对手的任何一次巧妙、有效的营销举措采取相应的对策。 2.2 与产品类别和属性相关的定位 有时候,公司的定位策略有必要将自己的产品与其类别和属性相联系(或相区别)。一些公司尽力将其产品定位在期望的类别中,如“美国制造”。用一句某顾问的话来说,“当你说‘美国制造’的时候,有一种强烈的感情因素在吸引着你”。因此,一家名为Boston Preparatory的规模不大的运动服制造商正在运用这种定位策略,以期胜过那些并非所有产品都在美国制造的势力强大的竞争对手如Calvin Kiein和Tommy Hilfiger。 2.3 通过价格和质量定位 某些生产者和零售商因其高质量和高价格而闻名。在零售行业,Saks Fifth Avenue和Neiman Marcus公司正是定位于该价格—质量策略的。折扣店Target Kmart则是定位于该策略的反面。我们不是说折扣商店忽视质量,而是说它们更加强调低廉的价格。Penny's公司努力—并且大多获得了成功—通过升级高级服装线和强调设计者的名字将其商店定位于价格—质量策略上。 “品牌”一词是个综合性的概念,它包含其他更狭义的理解。品牌即一个名称和(或)标志,用以识别一个销售者或销售集团的产品,并将之与竞争产品相区别。 品牌名称由能够发音的单词、字母和(或)数字组成。品牌标志是品牌的一部分,它以符号、图案或醒目的颜色、字体的形式出现。品牌标志通过视觉识别,但当人们仅仅读出品牌名称的时候,品牌标志并不能够被表达出来。Crest、Coors、Gillette都是品牌名称。AT&T由醒目的线条构成的地球以及Ralph Lauren's Polo的马和骑手是品牌标志,而Green Giant(罐装冷冻菜蔬产品)和Arm&Hammer(面包苏打)既是品牌名称又是品牌标志。 商标是销售者已经采用并且受到法律保护的品牌。商标不仅包括品牌标志,如许多人所认为的那样,也包括品牌名称。1946年的The Lanham Art法案允许厂商向联邦政府注册商标,以保护它们免受其他厂商的使用或误

微信营销外文翻译

正确地点和时间下新媒体伴随的社会营销Jay M. Bernhardt 佛罗里达大学健康教育与行为系,佛罗里达州Gainesville Darren Mays乔治敦大学医学中心肿瘤科,哥伦比亚特区华盛顿Amanda K. Hall佛罗里达大学健康教育与行为系,佛罗里达州Gainesville 摘要: 目的:本文的目的是寻求讨论新媒体革命以何种方式将“渠道”更贴近消费者从而提高社会营销。 研究思路:这篇论文描述当前有关的社交媒体和移动通信技术的新媒体发展趋势,并通过运用商业营销,社会变革和公众健康实例分析讨论其对社会营销产生的影响。 成果:快速增长的在线社交网络和世界大部分地区无处不在的手机为社会营销人员提供了巨大的潜力,以全新方式吸引消费者。这些新的通信平台的性质不同于传统媒体是可以使他们更有效地为市场营销服务,最明显的是更深层次消费者参与、多方位信息交流、和基于位置跟踪和消息传递的重要方式。 现实作用:本文所描述的趋势正在快速,从根本上改变商业营销人员、品牌经理和客户关系经理如何与当前的和潜在的消费者相处。社会营销活动应该从中学习,并利用这些新媒体更深入地联系大量的消费者,上述从业人员比以往任何时候都更接近“正确的地点和正确的时间”。 独创性/价值:本文探讨已经介绍了在爱尔兰都柏林的全球非营利和社会营销大会于2011年4月的一个话题。讨论应鼓励社会营销重新考虑“渠道”的作用,并探讨新媒体如何令地方更贴近消费者。 关键词:社会营销,新媒体,社交媒体,移动电话,4P理论,移动通信系统 市场营销组合(或4P理论)是旨在鼓励行为改变的社会营销计划规划和实施的中心结构(Grier and Bryant,2005)。尽管价格、产品和促销策略通常是社会营销活动的主要元素,达到期望的目标受众的地方卫生决策往往是一个挑战(GrierandKumanyika,2010)。地方经常困惑在营销组合那些寻求社会营销作为一个框架申请健康行为改变。常见的想法是,位置被定义为地理位置,然而,在社会营销不一定是一个人的业务所在处或其中一个产品的销售点,而是消费者的利益做出决定并采取行动(Storey et al., 2008)。 新的通信媒体能给社会营销个性化的机会,接触目标消费者在关键行为决策点。这些新媒体为社会营销人员提供多个移动渠道到达消费者在非常情况下做出决定,通过创建直接,双向沟通渠道。这些双向交流现在可以发生在实时决策是在何时何地。第一次社会营销人员可以利用这些新渠道接触数以千计甚至数以百万计的人们在相对较低的成本促进健康的生活方式和影响社会变革(Thackeray et al., 2008)。 传统上,社会营销努力促进健康行为改变很大程度上依赖于地方定义为物理位置来分发产品(KreuterandBernhardt,2009)。他们在公共厕所上放置安全套自动售货机推广安全性行为或将营养标志放置在杂货店以期说服客户选择更健康的食品(Storey et al., 2008)。这些例子需要大量投资时间和物质资源从而成功地到达消费者。此外,确定一个是否会购买和使用避孕套或者被营养信息标志广告影响的合适的目标客户是一个具有挑战性的判断过程。相比之下,新媒体可

品牌营销外文翻译

品牌营销外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 译文: 品牌 消费者总有关于产品可用性、质量和可供选择的价格的不完全信息。这样的“不完美的信息”导致他们依靠那些减轻获取产品信息的费用的品牌。由于依靠名牌和伴生的公司名誉,每次购买时,消费者没有搜寻或调查产品就能做出合理的购买。 许多经济学家惊叹这样一个事实:消费者在名牌上投入了如此的信赖。问题是,如同这些经济学家看见的,消费者的信赖给了公司建立超出他们能收取的价格的品牌“市场力量”。因为这些经济学家宣称要“真实地”辨别产品,当公司以独特的名牌、相关的广告和积极的竞争来“区分”他们的产品,他们能够比其他人得到更多。名牌引导消费

者在不同的产品之间进行那些经济学家认为的人为的分别。公司因为品牌而受到尊敬,因此,名牌能使企业在提高价格的情况下而不会失去重大的销售额。 品牌导致消费者经常根据现实世界和“完美的”信息世界之间的比较而付出不必要的多余地的高价,那里同一个行业内的每个公司都承担出售相同的、没有品牌的“同类”产品。这些是在“完善的竞争模型,”作的假定,及有时供经济学家使用的简化的构建。虽然不完美信息是完全自然的和不可避免的。许多经济学家认为完善的竞争的绝佳状态是衡量政策是否理想的评判标准。那是因为在完善的竞争之下公司没有任何力量抬高交易价格。如果公司提高了他们的产品的价格甚至只比市场价格高一分,它都将什么也卖不出去。因此,在完全竞争情况下,消费者不会支付更高一分的价格购买在其他任何地方以更低的价格能买到的相同的产品。毫不奇怪,假定同类产品是理想的,导致以品牌区分产品而减少消费者福利的不正确涵义。那么,反过来,导致由哈佛经济学家爱德华·H 1956年主张的政策——商标不应该被强制执行。 但是,越来越多的经济行业认识到了假定产品是相同的存在着问题。你无法理解由没有下降的品牌效应为其服务的经济目的假定,我们居住在消费者都知晓的完全信息的世界。实际上,消费者没有充分的掌握信息,并且他们也知道他们并没有掌握完全的信息。因此,他们重视公司的名誉——并且他们愿意支付更多在那些一直供应高质量产品、拥有良好声誉的生产商的产品上。通过这种做法,消费者不会不合理行动。他们简单地设法保护自己没有必须用许多时间去学习获得关于各个公

跨境电商外文文献综述

跨境电商外文文献综述 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 译文: 本地化跨境电子商务的模型 摘要 通过对国际供应链的B2B电子商务交易量的快速增长和伊朗快速增加的跨境交易业务,跨境电商过程的有效管理对B2B电子商务系统十分重要。本文对局部模型的结构是基于B2B电子商务的基础设施三大层,消息层、业务流程层和内容层。由于伊朗的电子商务的要求,每一层的需要适当的标准和合适的方案的选择。当电子文件需要移动顺利向伊朗,建议文件的标准为文件内容支持纸质和电子文件阅读。验证提出的模型是通过案例研究方法呈现一到四阶段的情景。本文试图通过交换商业文件在贸易过程中这一局部模型,实现在全球电子贸易供应链更接近区域单一窗口建设的关键目标。 关键词:电子商务;跨境贸易;电子文档管理;国际供应链

1.简介 电子商务是关于在互联网或其他网络电子系统购买和销售产品或服务。术语B2B(企业对企业),描述了企业间的电子商务交易,如制造商和批发商,或批发商和零售商之间。本文的研究目标是上两个不同国家贸易商之间的通信。今天的世界贸易组织的主要目标之一是建立区域单一窗口,可以提高世界各地的贸易便利化。建立区域单一窗口需要跨境海关,可以有效地交换贸易文件。因此,首先,简化跨境贸易文件的关键在于朝着国家单一窗口移动。然后,区域单一窗口可以授权国家之间的通信。电子商务模型是基于三个主要逻辑层的研究。这三个层消息传输层,业务处理层和内容层。本文的局部模型是一种能够自动交换读取文件的过程。通过与东亚和中东国家的建立区域单一窗口可以在将来得到改善的更多的互操作性,从而建立伊朗国家单一窗口 在本文的第二部分讨论引进国际供应链中的跨境B2B模式所需的基本概念和标准。第三部分介绍在大的模型中引入的组件功能和范围。第四部分讨论了B2B交易层模型的定位,最后结束本文。 2.背景 在本节中,除了了解B2B电子商务在伊朗的情况,还有参考模型的背景等概念以及讨论B2B电子商务跨境模式的本土化。 2.1 B2B电子商务在伊朗 如今伊朗在贸易进程的变现是一个关键的贸易成功点。伊朗和许多其他国家接壤,它的进口和出口过程可以通过公路,铁路,海上和空中的方式来完成。因此,这个国家的中部和战略作用,使得它在亚洲和中东地区货物运输的主要贸易点。今天,在伊朗海关几乎所有的贸易过程通过纸质表格完成,由商务部提供的电子服务仅限于谁该国境内交易的商人。今天,伊朗海关几乎所有的贸易流程都是通过纸质表格来完成的,商务部给出的电子服务只限于该国的商人。介绍了模型试图简化在伊朗交易的跨境电子商务供应链交换电子文件的过程。这里提到的一些系统,由商务部在伊朗的电子服务被提及:进口订单管理系统。贸易统计制度。伊朗法典伊朗。这些电子系统的主要使用,以促进在伊朗贸易过程。这里提到的系统作为独立的贸易者可与建议本文模型在未来的作用。在亚洲的区域性单

外文文献(市场营销策略)

Marketing Strategy Market Segmentation and Target Strategy A market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer' needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with identifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets. Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation is that it will result in higher production and marketing costs than a one-product,mass-market strategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers' needs will actually result in greater efficiency. The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,single segment,and multiple segment.Market-aggregation strategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, a company still uses only one marketing mix,but it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entails selecting two or more segments and developing a separate marketing mix to reach segment. Positioning the Product Management's ability to bring attention to a product and to differentiate it in a favorable way from similar products goes a long way toward determining that product's revenues.Thus management needs to engage in positioning,which means developing the image that a product projects in relation to competitive products and to the firm's other products. Marketing executives can choose from a variety of positioning strategies.Sometimes they decide to use more than one for a particular product.Here are several major positioning strategies:

品牌营销战略参考文献和英文文献翻译

品牌营销战略参考文献和英文文献翻译 目录外文文献翻译..............................................................................................1 摘要..........................................................................................................1 1. 品牌战略内涵与其功能意义.......................................................................2 2. 我国企业品牌发展概况..............................................................................3 2.1 国内品牌与国外品牌相比存在着很大的差距............................................3 2.2 品牌发展缺乏整体规划. (4) 2.3 产品质量低下品牌个性不足缺乏创新和发展能力.....................................4 2.4 品牌发展策略存在误区. (4) 3. 企业品牌策略选择..................................................................................6 3.1 树立正确的品牌竞争意识着力提高品牌竞争能力......................................6 3.2 搞好品牌定位培养消费者品牌偏好与品牌忠诚.. (6) 3.3 遵循品牌设计规律注重品牌形

跨境电商外文翻译参考文献

跨境电商外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)

译文: 跨境电子商务在欧盟的发展动力和壁垒 摘要 互联网的兴起,往往是与“距离的消亡”或至少减少相关的地理距离在供应信息相关。我们研究距离 事宜仍在实物商品的网上交易是否。我们使用的数据从一个网络消费者调查小组对网上跨境货物贸易中的 一个语言支离破碎的欧盟市场。分析结果表明,相比线下交易在同一商品的距离相关的交易成本大大降低。然而,语言相关的交易成本的增加。此外,网上交易介绍新能源贸易成本如包裹递送和在线支付系统。在 平衡,没有迹象显示在线贸易不偏向于国内市场的产品比线下交易支持。我们提供给政策制定者推动欧盟数 字单一市场的跨境电子商务的选项。在高效灵活的跨境支付系统的使用增加1%可以增加多达7%的跨境电子 商务。我们还表明,在线交易给英语语言输出国家的比较优势。 关键词电子商务/引力方程/欧盟 1.介绍 本文实证研究的在线电子商务跨境贸易模式的影响。互联网的兴起,更一般地,数字通信技术,具有LED许多观察家宣布,距离“死”(Cairncross,1997)。在这方面,它不在乎信息所在的位臵因为它只是一个鼠标点击和信息成本不再是物理距 离有关。在传统的线下实物商品贸易,证据却指向距离成本增加(disdier和头,2008)。贸易相结合的基础上的信息和物理的货物运输。问题是是否将贸易从线 下到线上平台是一个足够大的凹痕在信息成本改变贸易总成本因此货物贸易模式。Blum 和Goldfarb(2006)表明,即使是纯粹的信息产品,距离仍然起着重要的 作用。他们认为这是文化上的差异,随着物理距离的增加。除了信息成本的影响, 可能会有副作用,对贸易模式的影响。网上贸易开辟了一个潜在的更大的地理汇水 面积,为供应商和消费者,在产品品种和价格竞争的增加。这两

互联网网络营销外文文献翻译

互联网网络营销外文文献翻译 (含:英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处:Peter Kenzelmann. Technical Consultancy in Internationalization[J]. International Marketing Review, 2006, 4(3):20-29. 英文原文 The technical basis of network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely related to the computer network there are three types: the Internet, Extranet and Intranet. The theoretical basis for the network marketing Theoretical foundation of network marketing is direct marketing network theory, network theory of relationship marketing, marketing theory and network software to integrate marketing theory. (A) Direct Response Network Marketing Theory

市场营销策略外文文献及翻译

市场营销策略外文文献及翻译 Marketing Strategy Market Segmentation and Target Strategy A market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer' needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with identifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets. Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation is that it will result in higher production and marketing costs than a one-product,mass-market strategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers' needs will actually result in greater efficiency. The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,single segment,and multiple segment.Market-aggregation strategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, a company still uses only one marketing mix,but it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entails

外文翻译--企业品牌战略研究

外文译文二: 企业品牌战略研究 Kapferer,J.H Strategic Brand Mnanagement [J]. Kogan Page,London [J]. Marketing Science,2010(2):52-61. 在经济全球化的今天,如何适应国际化潮流,建立强势品牌,提高竞争能力,已经成为国内企业面临的迫切问题。本文在分析我国企业营销品牌战略发展状况的基础上,从品牌战略的内涵与其功能意义入手,探讨了品牌战略在企业营销中的作用。企业需要综合运用多种竞争手段提高品意,搞好品牌定位,塑造良好品牌形象。 一、日系品牌全线崩溃 2006年11月22日上午,NEC宣布将推出2G及2.5G手机市场,这意味着继夏普、松下、东芝、三菱、三洋之后又一家日本手机厂商退出中国市场,日系手机除京瓷外几乎全部退出中国2G手机市场的争夺。 如果我们总结今天的中国家电市场与十年前有什么不同的话,我想,最大的不同就是,日系企业在中国的繁荣已经渐行渐远。 对于日系手机败退,乃至日系家电走到中国市场的低谷,主要原因有以下几点:一是企业制度呆板,决策困难,反应速度慢,与另市场现实格格不入,难以适应快速变化的中国市场;二是市场营销能力弱,产品规划能力不强,很难根椐自己对市场的判断与预测推出迎合消费需求的产品,一直处于跟风的被动局面,无法满足中国市场的需要;三是未能把握住产业转型最佳时机,是日系家电企业失去市场主导地位的重要原因。 日系企业在中国市场上走到边缘是否引起我们民族企业的深思?欲走国际化路线的企业又 是否从“日系企业”的背后吸取教训? 二、我国企业实施品牌战略的现状分析处 1、众多昔日名牌“昙花一现” 中外企业在市场上的品牌大战,使刚刚成长起来的民族品牌受到极大的冲击。上世纪80年代稍有知名度的品牌,不是被抢注商标,就是被收购、挤垮,即使残留下来的也是惨淡经营,真正发展起来的极为有限。这里典型的案例,上世纪80年代至90年代初期,曾在空调界创下奇迹的华宝空调,在1998年被科龙收购,其后的品牌形象就一再下滑。

文献翻译----电子商务中英文对照

外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目:Electronic Commerce 外文文献: Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce, or Electronic trade, or electronic business as a newly rising mode of commerce will have far-reaching influence on social economy and play an important role in social development worldwide. It represents the trend of world trade in the 21st century and beyond. 1. What is Electronic Commerce? Electronic commerce refers to commercial data exchange in digital form through electronic transmission means and commercial activities conducted on-line. Usually, electronic commerce can be divided into two levels: One is low-level electronic commerce that is, electronic commercial intelligence, electronic trade, and electronic contracts. Another is high-level electronic commerce which includes all commercial activities done via Internet, ranging from searching for clients, commercial negotia-tion, making orders, on-line payment, releasing electronic invoice, to electronic dec-laration to Customs, electronic tax-payment, all conducted on Internet. Electronic commerce means electrification of all trade transactions. It is featured by these characters: ①fairness and freedom, ②high efficiency, ③globalization, ④virtualization, ⑤interactivity, ⑥autonomy, ⑦personalized service. With electronic commerce, clients and

网络营销策略外文文献翻译

文献出处:Guzzo T, D’Andrea A, Ferri F, et al. Evolution of Marketing Strategies: From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing[C]//On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012: 627-636. 原文 Evolution of Marketing Strategies:From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing Tiziana Guzzo, Alessia D’Andrea, Fernando Ferri, and Patrizia Grifoni 1 Introduction Marketing is “the process which creates, communicates, delivers the value to the consumers, and maintains the relationship with consumers. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments. It is “an integrated process through which companies build strong consumers relationships and create value for their consumers and for themselves” Marketing strategies have a long history and mainly interested economists and sociologists. The wide use of Internet, pervasiveness of social networks and the evolution of mobile devise are implying a wider involvement of interdisciplinary competences enlarging the interest toward ICT competences. This paper is to describe the evolution of marketing strategies from the advent of the Web (Internet Marketing) - through the advent of Social Networks (Marketing 2.0) - to the evolution of Mobile Social Networks (M-marketing). In particular, the paper analyses the use that Italian people make of mobile devices and the user perception and acceptance of M-marketing.

相关文档
最新文档