Unit4 Religion in the U.S.A(美国宗教)
大学英美概况美国宗教
Many protestants and deists could agree
● “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights”
● “the laws of nature and nature’s God” entitled them to a new nation
church in several colonies, protestants lived side by side in relative harmony
The Great Awakening
● The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feelings and strength into religion cut across of the lines of protestant religious groups ,or denominations.
“Three faiths” model of the United States
Unit 6 Religion In the United Stated
Religious Liberty Protestants in the United Stated Catholics Three Faiths Religious Diversity
Early American Religions
Jersey
New Presbyterians from Scotland
● Huguenots from France ● Congregationalists puritans dominated in
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own decision
Opposite: Infant baptism
Methodists
- People must use logic and reason in all matters of faith.
The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance was modified in 1954 to add the phrase "under God" to “one nation under God”
Every President raised in a Christian family (except Obama), and religion is frequently discussed in politics.
Fundamentalism * Believe in the 'fundamentals' of the Bible, and literal interpretation. Dislike secular modernity and are more traditional.
Both socially conservative, focus on morality and the morality of others. A rise in this type of belief? Influential
Amount of religiousness
41% of Americans go to church regularly (10% = UK)
59% of Americans living in Western states report a belief in God in the South (the "Bible Belt") as much as 86%.
Unit 6 Religion in the United States
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant 盎格鲁撒克逊裔的白人新教徒
YOUR SITE HERE
Religious Liberty
By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds LOGO of Protestants lived in America.
LOGO
The government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes in the United States.
But government does not pay ministers' salaries or require any belief not even a belief in God -- as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead. The truth is that for some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposes it treats all religions alike at least as far as is practical. When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them.
【VIP专享】the America religious culture(美国宗教文化)
American Religious Culture美国是一个宗教色彩浓厚的发达国家,其宗教多元化与移民问题有密切关系,宗教信仰已成为美国文化和历史不可分割的组成部分,这种多元宗教文化的传统对美国的社会生活产生了深刻影响。
USA is a developed country with rich religious colors and its multi-religious features are closely connected with its immigrants. Religious beliefs are an inseparable part of American culture and history. This deep-rooted multi-religious culture has exerted great influenceon American lives.一、美国的宗教文化背America's religious and cultural background美国向以“民族熔炉”和“宗教联合国”著称。
America is famous as an "Ethnic melting pot" and "religious United Nations".美国人大部分是17和18世纪欧洲移民的后裔,另外,还从拉丁美洲、亚洲、澳洲、非洲甚至加拿大涌入了大量移民。
移民们持续稳定地涌入美国,带来了他们本国的文化和传统,从而使美国社会变得丰富多彩,也对美国多元文化的形成产生了深远的影响。
Americans are mostly descendants of European immigrants of17 and 18th Century. In addition to there are also a large number ofimmigrants from Latin America, Asia, Australia, Africa and Canada. Thesteady influx of immigrants brought their own culture and traditions toAmerica. They make the American society rich and colorful and even impactfar-reaching influence on the formation of America’s multicultural.多元文化的沃土滋养出了多元宗教文化。
【VIP专享】the America religious culture(美国宗教文化)
American Religious Culture美国是一个宗教色彩浓厚的发达国家,其宗教多元化与移民问题有密切关系,宗教信仰已成为美国文化和历史不可分割的组成部分,这种多元宗教文化的传统对美国的社会生活产生了深刻影响。
USA is a developed country with rich religious colors and its multi-religious features are closely connected with its immigrants. Religious beliefs are an inseparable part of American culture and history. This deep-rooted multi-religious culture has exerted great influenceon American lives.一、美国的宗教文化背America's religious and cultural background美国向以“民族熔炉”和“宗教联合国”著称。
America is famous as an "Ethnic melting pot" and "religious United Nations".美国人大部分是17和18世纪欧洲移民的后裔,另外,还从拉丁美洲、亚洲、澳洲、非洲甚至加拿大涌入了大量移民。
移民们持续稳定地涌入美国,带来了他们本国的文化和传统,从而使美国社会变得丰富多彩,也对美国多元文化的形成产生了深远的影响。
Americans are mostly descendants of European immigrants of17 and 18th Century. In addition to there are also a large number ofimmigrants from Latin America, Asia, Australia, Africa and Canada. Thesteady influx of immigrants brought their own culture and traditions toAmerica. They make the American society rich and colorful and even impactfar-reaching influence on the formation of America’s multicultural.多元文化的沃土滋养出了多元宗教文化。
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* Unaffiliated, including atheist or agnostic (16.1%) * Judaism (1.7%) * Buddhist (0.7%) * Islam (0.6%) * Hinduism (0.4%) * other (1.2%)
Religious Freedom and Separation of Church and State
- No special treatment for any religion - Cannot inhibit the the free practice and exercise
of religion - no-one is required to believe in religion - but support for all religions – no taxes, chaplains
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Religious Freedom
- America settled by various religious groups (can you name some?)
- First Amendment (of the Constitution) - ?
- socially conservative evangelical Protestantism is a dominant part of the culture
- Christian church attendance across the denominations is extremely high.
Amount of religiousness
美国宗教
The Orthodox [‘ɔ:θədɔks] Church
东正教
• There are about five million members of the Orthodox Churches, mainly of course descendants(后代) of people who migrated form Russia or Greece or from other Orthodox parts of eastern Europe.
The Catholic Vote
• John F.Kennedy was hoping to be adopted as Democratic candidate(民族党候选人) in 1960 the fact that he was a Catholic was regarded as a disadvantage • But he succeed, because he was a Catholic. • That’s the reason why many Catholics voted for him.
Assimilated(同化) and distinct
Catholics formed such a large block in the total population that they must be accepted as a totally assimilated group.
Catholics are tending to remain separate and distinct (现状)
犹太教
• 犹太教是美国第三大宗教，有教堂5000余 座，大专院校20所。犹太教信奉者多为犹太 人。犹太人于1654年开始定居美国。到 1776年美国宣布独立时，约有2500名犹太 人定居在纽约、芝加哥等沿东海岸城市。犹 太教内有正统派、保守派和改革派三个派别。
美国宗教演讲稿
The influence of religion on American Value IntroductionIn most countries, religious people had declined obviously with the society developing and science knowledge enlarging. America is a highly developed country in civilization, culture, science and technology. But the rate of religious people in America is far higher than other western countries. In this article, we try to outline some general American values influenced by religious tradition, religious history and today’s religion. To some extent, it is helpful to know of America and American society better.Relation between the Culture and ReligionIn any countries, the characteristics and values of people are related with their own society culture and tradition nearly and embody its own culture value concept. America, as a country, which was founded by the protestant immigrants from Europe and their descendants, from the view of culture origin, directly follows modern European civilization, which mainly contains the values of capitalist’s equality, freedom, and democracy from Enlightenment movement. They materialized strong concept of values and principles and moralities that influence not only the foundation of U.S.A and the form of the National Democratic Political System; meanwhile, but also American characteristics and values inevitably. Religion, as the only one among those factors which influence the development of American society that possesses invisible power (the religion value) and the visible power (religious denominations or groups) has its own more special even more everlasting influence.The Important Place of Religion Culture in American Society and American Life.The U.S.A is a highly developed country with modern science, yet it is also a religious country, in which people has strong religion fervency. Religion then, being theology or the everyday practices of a culture, gives us insight into the religious influence in American life. There is a strong religious influence in American life. Among 250 million people, there are over 3000 religious denominations and groups, and sixty out of a hundred have religious beliefs. Every Sunday morning, all over American, people pour into the churches, not only the catholic churches, but also the protestant ones too, are flourishing, and new church buildings, some with interesting architecture, keep pace with the ever-growing suburbs.ⅢSome American Characteristics and Values Affected by Religion1. American Creativity, Materialism and Hard Working from Its Religion Origin-----Puritanism[ˈpjʊərɪtənɪzəm](清教)In the eyes of other countries’ people, American s are often criticized for being so “materialistic” which means placing a high value on material possessions. Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values. For them, though, this materialism is natural and proper. Material wealth is the mostwidely accepted measure of social status in the United States because Americans rejected the European system of hereditary aristocracy and titles of nobility; they had to find a substitute for judging social status.However, Americans pay a price for their material wealth, which is hard working. When puritans settlers arrival this new land, all the rich natural resources were undeveloped. They believed God gave those treasures to them and only by hard work could these natural resources be converted into material possessions and a conformable standard of living as the reward for the God. Hardworking has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. Because of this, they have come to see material possessions as the natural reward for their hardworking. Most Americans believe if a person works hard, it is possible to have a good standard of living. Over 90% of young Americans think they will achieve what they want in life, and almost eight out of ten think they can get what they want through hard work. They have been thought that it is a good thing to work hard and acquire more material badges of their success, and that means a better future for them.3. 2 Individual Freedom and EqualityIn addition to viewing the Christianity as an expression of individual freedom and equality in their purest forms, Americans have also seen the Christens as a pure expression of the ideal of equality of opportunity. On the western Christianity there was more of a tendency for people to treat each other as social equals than in the more settled eastern region of the country. On the Christianity, the highest importance was placed on what a person could do. Because so little attention was paid to a person’s family background, the Christians offered the chance of a new beginning for many Americans who were seeking new opportunities to advance themselves. Americans moved west to the Christians to make a new beginning when they experienced disappointment or failure in business or in politics.The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. The United States came to be associated in their minds with the concept of individual freedom. This is probably the most basic of all the American value. Scholars and outside observer often call this value “individualism,” but many Americans use the word“freedom.”Perhaps the word “freedom”is one of the most respected popular words in the United States today.By “freedom,”Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government , a ruling noble class, the church or any other organized authority. The desire to be free of controls was a basic value of the new nation in 1776, and it has continued to attract immigrants to this country.Political rights once belonged only to Whiteman at least 21 years of age, and in some cases only of they were property owners. Now, political rights belong to all men and women 18 years of age or older who are citizens, whether black or white, rich orpoor. They believe in equality not only of political rights but also educational rights, working rights, rights in court, and many other rights. Consequently, when women or racial minorities, the situation is regarded as social values. Denial of equality in such cases involves conflict of interest; but the demand for equality is rooted in the consensus view that equality is a general American value.Freedom is so much a part of American life that it is often taken for granted. But this is not to say that it is not valued. Indeed, the belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs. The desire for freedom is what motivated the Russian man to risk his life to come to United States, and it is one of main reasons why immigrants have traditionally come to his country.3. 3 Confidence, Courage and Optimism3.3.1 ConfidenceThe protestant settlers believed that by coming to American they were carrying out God’s plan. This belief gave them confidence that they would succeed. Modern Americans still need to believe that their nation will continue to succeed. The national religion helps to answer this need by reminding them of their religious heritage. It is a means of maintaining their national self-confidence in a rapidly changing world. But, Americans have developed a number of informal practices that combine national patriotism with religion.Protestant Christianity often emphasizes the natural wickedness of human nature, but Protestantism rejected the idea that acts of wickedness can be forgiven by a priest acting in God’s name. Therefore, individuals are left alone before God for their wickedness. In this way, Protestantism encourages a strong and restless desire for self-improvement. The need of self-improvement, once established, reaches far beyond in the purely moral sense. In the United States the belief in self-improvement can be seen in countless books that explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything, even their whole personality. They are the natural products of a protestant culture in which people believe that “God helps those who help themselves”. The key to self-improvement and success is self-confidence and ensure personal success in life.3.3.2 Optimism and CourageousOptimism ------“doing good” orientation can be found in the life of Jesus Peter, one of Jesus’ disciples said that he went about “doing good”. The Bible is full of how Jesus traveled from place healing the sick and counseling misfits and ordinary people. This procedure was filled with troubles. But Jesus always was optimistic. In short, activity and Christianity are bound together. Americans like to believe that a difficult problem can be solved. They take pride in meeting challenges and overcoming difficult obstacles. This spirit has traditionally given Americans a sense of optimism about themselves and their country. The spirit is a real source of pride and inspiration.Another strong message in Christianity is courage. Jesus was courageous. The life of Jesus reveals a man who would not be intimidated by his opponents. Jesus’strong personality, strength and courage are traits that all Christians are reminded of repeatedly. These are the powerful values in the American culture.Because life was getting easier, people assumed that it was getting better. The prevailing American attitude was one invented by a French pharmacist who, in treating his patients by hypnosis, instructed them to say,“Every day in every way I am getting better and better.” According to this kind of belief, Americans shared another happy attitude – a naïve patriotism that said the United States was the best of all possible places; that American policy was determined by ethics, not expediency; that we had never fought an unjust war; that we war always on the side of right and ruled by noble motives.ⅣThe Religious Outlook of AmericansMore than 80% Americans agree that even today, miracles are performed by the power of God, and 36%say they personally experienced or witnessed what they considered a miracle, according to a CBS news poll last year. Heaven isn’t just in your mind: it’s a real place, say 88% of a national sample of adults interviewed in 1997 by Opinion Dynamics for Fox News. Overall, the center’s survey confirms that America truly is one nation underGod or at least Americans say it is. In survey after survey, overwhelming majority of Americans firmly believe in God. They have no doubt about thatgod really exists. Women are far more likely to be true believers than men.An analysis of five separate GSS surveys between 1988 and 1998 found that believers were far more likely to be women (58%) than men (42%). [2] Though some evidence indicates a decline in recent decades of the influence of religion in American life, religion reaches large audiences via radio and TV. Weekly audiences of religious TV shows are about 24 million and radio audiences are probably even larger. Prior to 1960, the major religious groups handled most religious broadcasting and the broadcasting time was given to them as a public service. Today, many small religious groups buy broadcasting time and use it, not only to preach the word of God, but also to plead for contributions to support their church（and sometimes the preacher’s expensive lifestyle as well）. What’s more, belief in God may be getting stronger. In 1987, a Gallup poll found that 60% of those interv iewed completely agreed with the statement: “I never doubt the existence of God.”ConclusionAmerican religion is certainly one major factor to American development. Americans are strongly affected by those beliefs in their everyday lives although their ideals are only partly carried out in real life. The religion provided the space and conditions that helped to strengthen the American ideals were enlarged and made workable. Therefore, if we can understand what these basic traditional American values are and how they have influenced almost every facet of life in the U.S, it will be easier to understand what Americans are thinking and feeling.。
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Buddhist
Muslim Hindu Other Christant
The Christians Church
The Catholic ’s Church
J e T s h u e s
The Catholic’s Church The Hinduism
Section③
• The lack of any established national religion in America appealed strongly to European Protestants,whether or not they were being persecuted. Thinking…The attitude---“live and let live”
Before us read
• Do you have belief? Let’s talk about your belief… • Then if you have thought about what might be the reasons that make people go for certain religious beliefs?
Part three
The protestant Heritage:Self-Improvss, Hard work and Self-Discipline
“God helps those who helps themselves.”
• The need for self-improvement,once established,reaches far beyond selfimprovement in this purely moral or religious sense. It can be seen in countless books,which explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything from their vocabulary to their tennis game,or even their whole personality.
Text A
Rligion in the United States
Part One Section ① The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the right of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States.
Unit4 Religion in the U.S.A.
• The care of every man’s soul belongs to himself.
• ---Thomoas Jefferson
• To get a general knowledge of religions in America • To learn the role religion plays in American life • To get accquainted with some religious terms on American religious • To learn useful words and expressions concerning religion in the U.S.A. and improve English language skills
• What can religious beliefs bring to people’s life?
Now thinking about this!
Read the quotation by Thomas Jefferson, and What do you think he meant? How could this belief affect religion in the United States?
Part Five
Volunteerism and Humanitarianism
Read the first paragragh…
About Andrew Carnegie...
The Kinds Of American Religions (美国宗教种类比例)图）
Protestant Catholic Jewish
Section ②
• Religion has always played an important role in the history of the United States.The catholic faith was first broght to the North American continent by the Spanish in 1500s.
The protestant on the other hand,instead that all individuals must stand alone before God. Thinking… “priesthood of all believers”
Section ②
• After the protestants broke away from the Catholic Church,they found that they could not agree among themselves about many beliefs.Therefore,the Protestants began to form separate churches,called denominations.
Part Two The Development Protestantism Section①
The Protestant branch of the Christian faith broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in Europe in the sixteenth century because of important differences in religious beliefs.