framework for EA
EA基本使用
二．创建工程依次点击“File->New Project->命名保存->在“Select model”中选择需要创建的类型（如图-1）->单击“OK”确认，得到界面如图-2所示图-1：创建工程Business Process业务流程Requirements需求分析Use Case用例Domain Model领域模型Class类设计Database数据库设计Component组件Deployment部署Testing测试Maintenance维护Project Management项目管理User Interface用户接口表-1：创建项目的常见类型图-2：创建项目后界面截图三．一些基本的通用设置3.1 设置默认代码环境依次点击：“Tool->Options-Source Code Engineering->Default Language For Code Ge neration->C#”如图3所示，完成：单击“Close”确认退出。
图-3：设置默认代码环境3.2 设置默认数据库依次点击：“Tool->Options- Code Editors->Default Database->SQL Server 2005”如图4所示：图-4:设置默认数据库四．Class模型4.1.创建“Class”模型依次点击“File->New Project->命名保存->在“Select model”中勾选“Class”,最后单击“确定”进入设计界面。
在设计界面的左边是工具箱（如图5）图-5:类模型工具栏Class Elements Common Package包Note注释Class类Constraint约束条件Interface接口Document文档：附加文档附件Enumeration枚举Artifact人工：表示任意的系统任意的Table表Requirement需求描述Signal对象通信信号的描述Issue问题描述Association关联Change变化描述Class Relationships Boundary分界线Associate关联Dependency依赖关系Generalize泛化Realize实现Compose组成Trace追踪Associate Class关联类Information Flow数据流Assembly程序集Note Link注释链接Realize实现Nesting嵌套Package Merge包的合并Package Import包的导入4.2.为模型中创建的“Class”对象使用别名首先在工具箱中点选，然后在合适的位置左键单击确定，之后弹出属性窗口（如图7所示）图-7：新建类截图在“Name”栏中输入Class 的名称“Test”，然后在“Alias”中输入一个别名“测试”。
ea架构设计方法
ea架构设计方法The EA architecture design method is a crucial process in the development of an enterprise. It helps to align the business objectives with the technology infrastructure, ensuring that the organization can effectively utilize its resources to achieve its goals.EA架构设计方法是企业发展中的一个关键过程。
它有助于使业务目标与技术基础设施保持一致，确保组织能够有效地利用资源实现其目标。
There are several approaches to EA architecture design, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common methods include the Zachman Framework, TOGAF, and DoDAF. These methods provide a structured approach to designing the architecture, ensuring that all aspects of the enterprise, including business processes, information systems, and technology, are taken into consideration.EA架构设计有几种方法，每种方法都有其各自的优点和缺点。
最常见的方法包括Zachman框架、TOGAF和DoDAF。
这些方法为设计架构提供了一种结构化的方法，确保考虑了企业的所有方面，包括业务流程、信息系统和技术。
CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKFORFINANCIALREPORTING2010(最新整理)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING 2010PURPOSE AND STATUS OF THE FRAMEWORKThe IFRS Framework describes the basic concepts that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial statements for external users. The IFRS Framework serves as a guide to the Board in developing future IFRSs and as a guide to resolving accounting issues that are not addressed directly in an International Accounting Standard or International Financial Reporting Standard or Interpretation.In the absence of a Standard or an Interpretation that specifically applies to a transaction, management must use its judgement in developing and applying an accounting policy that results in information that is relevant and reliable. In making that judgement, IAS 8.11requires management to consider the definitions, recognition criteria, and measurement concepts for assets, liabilities, income, and expenses in the IFRS Framework. This elevation of the importance of the [IFRS] Framework was added in the 2003 revisions to IAS 8.THE IFRS FRAMEWORKScopeThe IFRS Framework adresses:∙the objective of financial reporting∙the qualitative characteristics of useful financial information∙the reporting entity∙the definition, recognition and measurement of the elements from which financial statements are constructed∙concepts of capital and capital maintenance[IFRS Framework, Scope]Chapter 1: The Objective of general purpose financial reportingThe primary users of general purpose financial reporting are present and potential investors, lenders and other creditors, who use that information to make decisions about buying, selling or holding equity or debt instruments and providing or settling loans or other forms of credit. [FOB2] The primary users need information about the resources of the entity not only to assess an entity’s prospects for future net cash inflows but also how effectively and efficiently management has discharged their responsibilities to use the entity’s existing resources (i.e., stewardship). [F OB4]The IFRS Framework notes that general purpose financial reports cannot provide all the information that users may need to make economic decisions. They will need to consider pertinent information from other sources as well. [F OB6]The IFRS Framework notes that other parties, including prudential and market regulators, may find general purpose financial reports useful. However, the Board considered that the objectives of general purpose financial reporting and the objectives of financial regulation may not be consistent. Hence, regulators are not considered a primary user and general purpose financial reports are not primarily directed to regulators or other parties. [F OB10 and F BC1.20-BC 1.23] Information about a reporting entity’s economic resources, claims, and changes in resources and claimsEconomic resources and claimsInformation about the nature and amounts of a reporting entity’s economic resources and claims assists users to assess that entity’s financial strengths and weaknesses; to assess liquidity and solvency, and its need and ability to obtain financing. Information about the claims and payment requirements assists users to predict how future cash flows will be distributed among those with a claim on the reporting entity. [F OB13]A reporting entity’s economic resources and claims are reported in the statement of financial position. [See IAS 1.54-80A]Changes in economic resources and claimsChanges in a reporting entity’s economic resources and claims result from that entity’s performance and from other events or transactions such as issuing debt or equity instruments. Users need to be able to distinguish between both of these changes. [F OB15]Information about a reporting entity’s financial performance during a period, representing changes in economic resources and claims other than those obtained directly from investors and creditors, is useful in assessing the entity’s past and future ability to generate net cash inflows. Such information may also indicate the extent to which general economic events have changed the entity’s ability to generate future cash inflows. [F OB18-OB19]The changes in an entity’s economic resources and claims are presented in the statement of comprehensive income. [See IAS 1.81-105]Financial performance reflected by past cash flowsInformation about a reporting entity’s cash flows during the reporting period also assists users to assess the entity’s ability to generate future net cash inflows. This information indicates how the entity obtains and spends cash, including information about its borrowing and repayment of debt, cash dividends to shareholders, etc. [F OB20]The changes in the entity’s cash flows are presented in the statement of cash flows. [See IAS 7] Changes in economic resources and claims not resulting from financial performance Information about changes in an entity’s economic resources and claims resulting from events and transactions other than financial performance, such as the issue of equity instruments or distributions of cash or other assets to shareholders is necessary to complete the picture of the total change in the entity’s economic resources and claims. [F OB21]The changes in an entity’s economic resources and claims not resulting from financial performance is presented in the statement of changes in equity. [See IAS 1.106-110]Chapter 2: The Reporting entityThe chapter on the Reporting Entity will be inserted once the IASB has completed its re-deliberations following the Exposure Draft ED/2010/2 issued in March 2010.Chapter 3: Qualitative characteristics of useful financial informationThe qualitative characteristics of useful financial reporting identify the types of information are likely to be most useful to users in making decisions about the reporting entity on the basis of information in its financial report. The qualitative characteristics apply equally to financial information in general purpose financial reports as well as to financial information provided in other ways. [F QC1, QC3]Financial information is useful when it is relevant and represents faithfully what it purports to represent. The usefulness of financial information is enhanced if it is comparable, verifiable, timely and understandable. [F QC4]Fundamental qualitative characteristicsRelevance and faithful representation are the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful financial information. [F QC5]RelevanceRelevant financial information is capable of making a difference in the decisions made by users. Financial information is capable of making a difference in decisions if it has predictive value, confirmatory value, or both. The predictive value and confirmatory value of financial information are interrelated. [F QC6-QC10]Materiality is an entity-specific aspect of relevance based on the nature or magnitude (or both) of the items to which the information relates in the context of an individual entity’s financial report.[F QC11]Faithful representationGeneral purpose financial reports represent economic phenomena in words and numbers, To be useful, financial information must not only be relevant, it must also represent faithfully the phenomena it purports to represent. This fundamental characteristic seeks to maximise the underlying characteristics of completeness, neutrality and freedom from error. [F QC12] Information must be both relevant and faithfully represented if it is to be useful. [F QC17] Enhancing qualitative characteristicsComparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability are qualitative characteristics that enhance represented. [F QC19]ComparabilityInformation about a reporting entity is more useful if it can be compared with a similar information about other entities and with similar information about the same entity for another period or another date. Comparability enables users to identify and understand similarities in, and differences among, items. [F QC20-QC21]VerifiabilityVerifiability helps to assure users that information represents faithfully the economic phenomena it purports to represent. Verifiability means that different knowledgeable and independent observers could reach consensus, although not necessarily complete agreement, that a particular depiction is a faithful representation. [F QC26]TimelinessTimeliness means that information is available to decision-makers in time to be capable of influencing their decisions. [F QC29]UnderstandabilityClassifying, characterising and presenting information clearly and concisely makes it understandable. While some phenomena are inherently complex and cannot be made easy to understand, to exclude such information would make financial reports incomplete and potentially misleading. Financial reports are prepared for users who have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and who review and analyse the information with diligence. [FQC30-QC32]Applying the enhancing qualitative characteristicsEnhancing qualitative characteristics should be maximised to the extent necessary. However, enhancing qualitative characteristics (either individually or collectively) render information useful if that information is irrelevant or not represented faithfully. [F QC33]The cost constraint on useful financial reportingCost is a pervasive constraint on the information that can be provided by general purpose financial reporting. Reporting such information imposes costs and those costs should be justified by the benefits of reporting that information. The IASB assesses costs and benefits in relation to financial reporting generally, and not solely in relation to individual reporting entities. The IASB will consider whether different sizes of entities and other factors justify different reporting requirements in certain situations. [F QC35-QC39]Chapter 4: The Framework: the remaining textChapter 4 contains the remaining text of the Framework approved in 1989. As theproject to revise the Framework progresses, relevant paragraphs in Chapter 4 will bedeleted and replaced by new Chapters in the IFRS Framework. Until it is replaced, aparagraph in Chapter 4 has the same level of authority within IFRSs as those inChapters 1-3.Underlying AssumptionThe IFRS Framework states that the going concern assumption is an underlying assumption. Thus, the financial statements presume that an entity will continue in operation indefinitely or, if that presumption is not valid, disclosure and a different basis of reporting are required. [F 4.1]The Elements of Financial StatementsFinancial statements portray the financial effects of transactions and other events by grouping them into broad classes according to their economic characteristics. These broad classes are termed the elements of financial statements.The elements directly related to financial position (balance sheet) are: [F 4.4]∙Assets∙Liabilities∙EquityThe elements directly related to performance (income statement) are: [F 4.25]∙Income∙ExpensesThe cash flow statement reflects both income statement elements and some changes in balance sheet elements.Definitions of the elements relating to financial position∙Asset. An asset is a resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity. [F 4.4(a)]∙Liability. A liability is a present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resourcesembodying economic benefits. [F 4.4(b)]∙Equity. Equity is the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities. [F 4.4(c)]Definitions of the elements relating to performance∙Income. Income is increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result inincreases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.[F 4.25(a)]∙Expense. Expenses are decreases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of outflows or depletions of assets or incurrences of liabilities that result indecreases in equity, other than those relating to distributions to equity participants.[F 4.25(b)]The definition of income encompasses both revenue and gains. Revenue arises in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity and is referred to by a variety of different names including sales, fees, interest, dividends, royalties and rent. Gains represent other items that meet the definition of income and may, or may not, arise in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity. Gains represent increases in economic benefits and as such are no different in nature from revenue. Hence, they are not regarded as constituting a separate element in the IFRS Framework.[F 4.29 and F 4.30]The definition of expenses encompasses losses as well as those expenses that arise in the course of the ordinary activities of the entity. Expenses that arise in the course of the ordinary activities of the entity include, for example, cost of sales, wages and depreciation. They usually take the form of an outflow or depletion of assets such as cash and cash equivalents, inventory, property, plant and equipment. Losses represent other items that meet the definition of expenses and may, or may not, arise in the course of the ordinary activities of the entity. Losses represent decreases in economic benefits and as such they are no different in nature from other expenses. Hence, they are not regarded as a separate element in this Framework. [F 4.33 and F 4.34]Recognition of the Elements of Financial StatementsRecognition is the process of incorporating in the balance sheet or income statement an item that meets the definition of an element and satisfies the following criteria for recognition: [F 4.37 and F 4.38]∙It is probable that any future economic benefit associated with the item will flow to or from the entity; and∙The item's cost or value can be measured with reliability.Based on these general criteria:∙An asset is recognised in the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefits will flow to the entity and the asset has a cost or value that can be measuredreliably. [F 4.44]∙ A liability is recognised in the balance sheet when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will result from the settlement of a presentobligation and the amount at which the settlement will take place can be measuredreliably. [F 4.46]∙Income is recognised in the income statement when an increase in future economic benefits related to an increase in an asset or a decrease of a liability has arisen that can be measured reliably. This means, in effect, that recognition of income occurssimultaneously with the recognition of increases in assets or decreases in liabilities (forexample, the net increase in assets arising on a sale of goods or services or the decrease in liabilities arising from the waiver of a debt payable). [F 4.47]∙Expenses are recognised when a decrease in future economic benefits related to a decrease in an asset or an increase of a liability has arisen that can be measured reliably.This means, in effect, that recognition of expenses occurs simultaneously with therecognition of an increase in liabilities or a decrease in assets (for example, the accrual of employee entitlements or the depreciation of equipment). [F 4.49]Measurement of the Elements of Financial StatementsMeasurement involves assigning monetary amounts at which the elements of the financial statements are to be recognised and reported. [F 4.54]The IFRS Framework acknowledges that a variety of measurement bases are used today to different degrees and in varying combinations in financial statements, including: [F 4.55] ∙Historical cost∙Current cost∙Net realisable (settlement) value∙Present value (discounted)Historical cost is the measurement basis most commonly used today, but it is usually combined with other measurement bases. [F. 4.56] The IFRS Framework does not include concepts or principles for selecting which measurement basis should be used for particular elements of financial statements or in particular circumstances. Individual standards and interpretations do provide this guidance, however.。
iso_iec_19770_a_framework_for_quality_in_sam
Why we did start the effort
Y2K
• BUT, the inventory projects for Y2K actually showed that the tools which were used not gave the expected results. A standardized tag
ISO/IEC 19770 a framework for quality in SAM
Why we did start the effort
Y2K
• One big part of the preparations for Y2K was to identify software which was not able to handle dates for Y2K • The main project was then to identify all software used in the organizations • Many tools where actually created for this purpose
ISO/IEC 19770 a framework for quality in SAM
Why we did start the effort Advantages with SAM
• Better overall organizational processes • Protection against legal and economical severe setbacks • Increased awareness for standardized IT environment and processes • Knowledge on how to manage software and their licenses at mergers, de-mergers and acquisitions • Minimize over licensing and eliminate under licensing
数字化转型企业架构设计手册(交付版)双份材料
企业架构总体ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้架
企业架构是一项非常复杂的系统性工程。公司在充分继承原有架构方法基础上，博采众家之长，融合基于职能的业务能力分析、与基于价值的端到端流程分析，将”传统架构设计(TOGAF)”与“领域驱动(DDD)”方法相结合，形成了符合公司数字化转型发展要求的新版企业架构总体框架(CSG-EAF 2.0)，对可能遇到的问题进行统筹考虑，避免“走弯路”、“走回头路”情况。
安全体系遵从“三法三条例”，将安全融入到业务和IT系统，数据安全分层分级，基础设施自主可控。
企业架构制品清单
业务架构
数据架构
应用架构
技术架构
目录
图
矩阵
目录
图
矩阵
目录
图
矩阵
目录
图
矩阵
业务能力清单业务流程清单业务步骤清单业务对象/BI清单业务角色清单指标清单
企业级价值流图价值流图流程架构图流程图业务能力框架
业务架构
数据架构
架构管控
架构管控组织
架构管控机制
1
3
价值流
关键要素梳理
业务能力
业务对象
业务流程
支撑和运营
支撑和运营
支撑和运营
应用架构
应用模块
应用服务
技术架构
技术框架
技术组件
技术服务
2
技术平台
部署节点
数据分布
目录
3.1 业务架构设计方法
3.2 数据架构设计方法
3.3 应用架构设计方法
3.4 技术架构设计方法
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注：红色为本次新融入方法
EA基本使用
二．创建工程依次点击“File->New Project->命名保存->在“Select model”中选择需要创建的类型（如图-1）->单击“OK”确认，得到界面如图-2所示图-1：创建工程Business Process 业务流程Requirements需求分析Use Case用例Domain Model领域模型Class类设计Database数据库设计Component组件Deployment部署Testing测试Maintenance维护Project Management项目管理User Interface用户接口表-1：创建项目的常见类型图-2：创建项目后界面截图三．一些基本的通用设置设置默认代码环境依次点击：“Tool->Options-Source Code Engineering->Default Language For Code Ge neration->C#”如图3所示，完成：单击“Close”确认退出。
图-3：设置默认代码环境设置默认数据库依次点击：“Tool->Options- Code Editors->Default Database->SQL Server 2005”如图4所示：图-4:设置默认数据库四．Class模型.创建“Class”模型依次点击“File->New Project->命名保存->在“Select model”中勾选“Class”,最后单击“确定”进入设计界面。
在设计界面的左边是工具箱（如图5）图-5:类模型工具栏Class Elements Common Package包Note注释Class类Constraint约束条件Interface接口Document文档：附加文档附件Enumeration枚举Artifact人工：表示任意的系统任意的Table表Requirement需求描述Signal对象通信信号的描述Issue问题描述Association关联Change变化描述Class Relationships Boundary分界线Associate关联Dependency依赖关系Generalize泛化Realize实现Compose组成Trace追踪Associate Class关联类Information Flow数据流Assembly程序集Note Link注释链接Realize实现??Nesting嵌套??Package Merge包的合并??Package Import包的导入??.为模型中创建的“Class”对象使用别名首先在工具箱中点选，然后在合适的位置左键单击确定，之后弹出属性窗口（如图7所示）图-7：新建类截图在“Name”栏中输入Class 的名称“Test”，然后在“Alias”中输入一个别名“测试”。
Contextual framework for research.ppt
•Issues and debates •Interventions •Investigations
Course
Levels
Key factors
Global
Regional National
Social, political and economic
Organisational
Pedagogical & Technical epistemological
Institutional Probable key focus area for PHEA ETI
Байду номын сангаас
Disciplinary Course
Institutional: Social, political & economic
Institutional: Social, political & economic (cont.)
• Institutional investigations – How do the needs of the “information society” translate into graduate competencies and institutional direction? – What does such concepts as “any time any where” and “just in time learning” mean for university activities? – How does/can e-learning encourage access of underrepresented groups to the University? – How well does the e-learning policy direct and support activities of university management, academics and students? – In what ways does e-learning support the increase of the number of students enrolling at the University? – How effective are monitoring mechanisms regarding elearning policy and practice? – How does the institutional environment constrain and enable the take up of ICTs for teaching and learning?
(完整word版)AForge 中文文档
AForgeAForge命名空间是AForge。
NET框架，它包含框架和类的其他命名空间所使用的核心类，可以独立地用于各种目的。
AForge.ControlsAForge.Controls命名空间包含不同的有用的UI控件，可以与其他类一起使用架构AForge。
FuzzyAForge.Fuzzy命名空间包含一组接口和类，以便使用模糊集操作.AForge。
GeneticAForge.Genetic命名空间包含用于遗传计算的接口和类。
命名空间及其子名称空间包含类,它允许解决许多不同的问题（优化、近似、pr）。
版，等)和遗传算法(GA)的帮助，遗传编程（GP），基因表达式编程（GEP）.AForge.ImagingAForge。
Imaging命名空间包含不同的图像处理例程的接口和类。
AForge.Imaging.ColorReductionAForge.Imaging。
ColorReduction命名空间包含一组用于在彩色图像中执行色彩还原的类，其中包括颜色量化类、颜色重新编码功能和颜色抖动算法。
AForge。
Imaging。
ComplexFiltersAForge.Imaging命名空间包含不同的图像处理例程的接口和类，它们是在复杂的傅立叶变换图像上完成的。
AForge.Imaging。
FiltersAForge.Imaging。
Filters命名空间包含接口和类的集合，它们提供不同的图像处理过滤器。
这个名称空间的类允许对源映像做不同的转换，这样做就可以了。
直接对源图像或提供新图像作为图像处理程序的结果。
AForge。
Imaging.FormatsAForge。
Imaging。
Formats命名空间包含接口和类，它们用于处理不同的图像文件格式。
AForge。
Imaging。
TexturesAForge.Imaging。
Textures命名空间包含类集合，它们生成用于创建不同效果的不同类型的纹理。
AForge.MachineLearningAForge。
QAF产品介绍（gb）
Quick Application Framework for Powerbuilder1、Powerbuilder真的过时了吗？Powerbuilder(以下简称PB)作为专业的数据库应用开发工具，在诞生以来，已经风行了近10年了，但近几年，在Java和.NET满天飞的时候，PB似乎变得落寂了，但PB技术真的过时了吗？首先让我们来看看PB的精髓：（１）准确的定位：数据库应用系统的开发。
根据权威统计，80%以上的新开发的应用系统都是基于数据库的管理系统，而PB则利用Datawindow等在数据操作上领先的技术，把自己准确的定位在专业的数据库应用系统的开发上，发挥自己的优势，用20%的时间来解决开发中面临的80%的工作量问题。
而相比较，无论是Java还是.NET在数据库处理的效率和性能上一直都比较滞后。
（２）关注业务的开发，无论是PB的Powerscript脚本语言，还是PB的4GL的开发模式，无不是要追求一个软件开发的终极目标：让应用开发人员更多的关注于业务的开发上，而不是被陷入各种技术细节中，这一点和当前最热门的MDA、MDD（模型驱动架构、模型驱动开发）是何其的一致啊，只可惜当前很多处于应用开发层面的开发人员还在Java和.NET上热衷于一些特殊效果的实现，甚至会为终于把数据写入数据库而激动。
确实，近年来，PB在基于Web方式的B/S开发处于相对落后的状态，而Sybase 在PB上推出的n-Tier应用体系架构由于缺乏客户端自动安装和必要的市场宣传而导致养在深闺无人识。
但随着互联网的发展，一味对Web架构的狂热追求，终于被客户强调自身体验的意识所觉醒，客户不在仅仅追求安装部署简便，支持大规模并发（企业管理的需求），而且要求有很好的客户端交互体验（真正最终用户的需求）。
RIA(Rich Internet Application，富互联网应用)正是当前这种需求下催生的概念，目前RIA的解决方案有：Macromedia Flash/Flex；Laszlo（一个开源的RIA开发环境）；Java SWT；XUL（于Mozilla的开放源码项目）；Bindows（Javascript 和DHTML开发的Web 窗体框架）；AJAX（Asynchronous JavaScript plus XML） ；微软的SmartClient（符合广义的RIA概念）；微软的Avalon（下一代Windows “Longhorn”的一部分，采用了XAML新的标记语言）。
frame同义词 柯林斯词典
主题：frame的同义词一、辨析frame的近义词frame是一个常用的英语单词，它的近义词包括但不限于以下几个词汇：1.1 framework：framework表示的是一个基本的框架或概念结构，它常常用来描述一个体系或者系统的基本结构。
例如：The new law provides a framework for dealing with international trade disputes. （新法律为处理国际贸易争端提供了一个框架。
）1.2 structure：structure通常指的是一个有组织的整体或者某个物体的组织和构造。
它在描述物体时常常强调其组织性和有序性。
例如：The structure of the building was damaged in the earthquake. （建筑的结构在地震中遭到破坏。
）1.3 skeleton：skeleton在解剖学上是指人或动物的骨骼系统，在比喻性用法中，则常常表示某个事物的基本框架或者骨架。
例如：The skeleton of the novel was already in place. （这部小说的基本框架已经确立。
）1.4 outline：outline指的是某个事物的大致轮廓和要点，它在写作或演讲时常常用来表示一个粗略的框架或者提纲。
例如：She gave usan outline of the plan. （她给我们介绍了计划的大致框架。
）二、frame的反义词除了近义词之外，我们还可以考虑frame的反义词，以便更好地理解frame的含义和用法。
2.1 disarray：disarray表示混乱或杂乱无章的状态，与frame相对。
例如：The room was in disarray after the party. （派对结束后房间一片狼藉。
）2.2 disorder：disorder表示的是无序或混乱的状态，与frame的有序性相对。
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Network Models
A Framework
WHAT HOW WHERE SCOPE
A Framework
WHAT HOW WHERE
OWNER
OWNER
DESIGNER
DESIGNER
BUILDER
BUILDER
OUT OF CONTEXT PRODUCT
A Framework
DATA SCOPE
OWNER Architect's Wk. Bk. Dwn. Model of Drawings Structure Business DESIGNER Architect's Engineering Model of Plans Design Info. Sys. BUILDER Contractor's Mfg. Eng. Technlgy Plans Design Model
A1
Time = Business Event Cycle = Business Cycle e.g., Processing Structure
E1 E2 E 1.1
End = Business Objective Means = Business Strategy e.g., Business Rule Model
List of Processes the Business Performs
List of Locations in which the Business Operates
ENTITY = Class of Business Thing e.g. Semantic Model
Process = Class of Business Process e.g. Business Process Model
Preface
This seminar is NOT about increasing the stock price by the close of market, Friday afternoon. It IS about the laws of nature that determine the success of an Enterprise ... particularly, continuing success in the turbulent times of the Information Age. It is a presentation on Physics ... Enterprise Physics.
Proc = Computer Function I/O = Data Elements/Set e.g. Program
DETAILED REPRESENTATIONS (OUT-OFCONTEXT)
SubContractor
Node = Hardware/Systems Software Link = Line Specifications e.g. Network Architecture
The Challenge
What is your strategy for addressing: Orders of magnitude increases in complexity, and Orders of magnitude increases in the rate of change?
The Framework for Enterprise Architecture
Different Perspectives
Buildings Airplanes Enterprise
Different Abstractions
WHAT Material Bill of Materials Data Models HOW Function Functional Specs Functional Models WHERE Location Drawings
List of Organizations/Agents Important to the Business
OBJECTIVES/ SCOPE (CONTEXTUAL)
People = Class of Agent e.g., Wor Business Event e.g., Master Schedule
The Information Age
"The next information revolution is well underway. But it is not happening where information scientists, information executives, and the information industry in general are looking for it. It is not a revolution in technology, machinery, techniques, software, or speed. It is a revolution in CONCEPTS." Peter Drucker. Forbes ASAP, August 24, 1998 "Future Shock" (1970) - The rate of change. "The Third Wave" (1980) - The structure of change. "Powershift" (1990) - The culture of change. Alvin Toffler "We are living in an extraordinary moment in history. Historians will look back on our times, the 40-year time span between 1980 and 2020, and classify it among the handful of historic moments when humans reorganized their entire civilization around a new tool, a new idea." Peter Leyden. Minneapolis Star Tribune. June 4, 1995 "On the Edge of the Digital Age: The Historic Moment"
Owner
Ent = Business Entity Reln = Business Relationship e.g. Logical Data Model
Proc = Bus Process I/O = Bus Resources e.g. Application Architecture
Node = Business Location Link = Business Linkage e.g. Distributed System Architecture
E1 E2 E 1.1
Ends/Means = Major Bus. Goal/ Critical Success Factor e.g., Business Plan
Planner
E 1. 3
ENTERPRISE MODEL (CONCEPTUAL)
E 1.2
OWNER
People = Organization Unit Work = Work Product
Planner
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE - A FRAMEWORK
FUNCTION NETWORK
OBJECTIVES/ SCOPE (CONTEXTUAL)
DATA
What
FUNCTION
How
NETWORK
Where
List of Things Important to the business
Agenda
Physics 101
Introduction to Enterprise Architecture
I. Introduction to Enterprise Architecture A. The Framework for Enterprise Architecture B. Basic Physics II. The Trade-Off A. Long Term Options B. Short Term Options III. A. Engineering design Objectives IV. Conclusions A. Suggestions for Management B. 10 Year Technology Forecast
Node = I/S Function (Processor, Storage, etc) Link = Line Characteristics e.g. Technology Architecture
TECHNOLOGY MODEL (PHYSICAL)
Builder
Ent =Segment/Table/etc. Reln = Pointer/Key/etc. e.g. Data Definition
A Framework
WHO WHEN WHY SCOPE
PEOPLE
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE THE "OTHER THREE COLUMNS"
TIME
List of Events Significant to the Business
MOTIVATION
List of Business Goals/Strat
Seven thousand years of history would suggest the only known strategy for addressing complexity and change is ARCHITECTURE. If it gets so complex you can't remember how it works, you have to write it down ... Architecture. If you want to change how it works, you start with what you have written down ... Architecture. The key to complexity and change: Architecture. The question is: What is "Architecture," Enterprise Architecture?