老托福做题 PartC93篇

合集下载

2022年3月3日托福阅读加听力真题回忆与答案

2022年3月3日托福阅读加听力真题回忆与答案托福的真题对于我们来说是很好的备考资料，下面我给大家带来2022年3月3日托福阅读加听力真题回忆与答案，预祝大家取得高分。

2022年3月3日托福阅读真题回忆与答案1.自然选择环境因素对蛾子的影响。

一种白蛾子一种黑色蛾子。

开头白蛾子活的好，黑蛾子不好，由于会被发觉。

之后，工业革命了，树干都黑，于是白蛾子都要死翘翘了;但是之后开头治理环境了，白蛾子又多了，黑蛾子又少了。

并且这次的影响很大。

2.讲猫的嗅觉3.煤和英国的工业化4.昆虫的分工5.商周的青铜器6.几（种植）物生长方式，年度周期植物，常绿植物，落叶植物，针叶植物。

7.磁性虫子的分工，从保姆到Forger的转变，由于受到体内某种激素影响，这激素会由于周槽环境多了更多成熟的已经完成转变的虫子的影响。

8.关于一个地方的文明发源9.动物对飞行的感应10.鱼怎么呼吸，用gill 和bubble2022年3月3日托福听力真题回忆与解析Conversation1.同学去商店买T-shirts，但没带list不记得要买什么颜色2.男同学想要买廉价的书，在学校书店工作的女生恰好是他之前一个课程的同学，男的夸她笔记写的特殊好，说要是以后要借用笔记肯定借用这个人的。

女生说由于她不主修这个，所以想多记一些内容下来，然后这个男孩子开头进入正题，说想廉价点买书，女生说不太行，旧版本已经没有了。

她一般都是用旧版本书，然后看看新出的书和这个旧版本有什么内容的差别，还说由于下周一就开课了，所以许多人把书都买走了。

3.男生找教授讲论文的内容，由于他上节课没有去。

他说想讲阿基米德的（故事）(小黑板阿基米德)，然后他讲了详尽的阿基米德测量皇冠的故事：从有一个人给国王做了王冠，告知国王这个是金的和银的做的，国王怀疑他把金的扣下来了，不够重量，所以找到阿基米德。

阿基米德洗澡的时候灵机一动，发觉材料的密度会对水的体积有影响，于是他就抠下来一块金的和一块银的看看两者水溢出体积是不是一样的。

9月23日托福测试听力真题回忆(网友版本)

9月23日托福测试听力真题回忆（网友版本）回忆1：C1男生找老师讨论tutor的问题，第一题问讨论的是什么问题，应该是the application 吧。

有个问题是关于男生mention art and music lessons，还有问题关于这个男生在期末前要做什么，应该是那个preparation for the next semester,还有一个是讨论他的self-evaluation的，最后重听题问他为啥这样说。

回忆2：第一个SEC有一篇 ecology 的说刚开始人们没有把ecology当做一种科学= =然后有一个人出现了他第一次把动物啊植物呀当做一个system慢慢人们开始研究它但是科学不是只观察不measure Ecology缺失measure方法于是又有一个人发明了一种方法 P*** 然后开始讲了一堆这种方法怎么用啊说之后又有别的方法产生最后将chemistry和ecology不同 ecology始终没法像chemistry一样precise还有一篇将pollen 来研究以前的植物啊之类的种子好多所以好发现也好identity说在不同soil layer里面可以研究不同时间的植物啊因为种子relate植物的特点（好像是= = 有一道题是关于这个的）又说可以研究历史里的建筑人的生活习惯还有climate 一堆一堆的再具体的别人补充吧SEC2 的 conversion讲的一个人把钱包啊 ID卡都丢了然后他跑去求帮助然后那人告诉他可以用drive license 进出还问他记不记得卡号他也不记得了他想办一个新ID卡但是那人说要去Student Service 那里周末不开门但是可以给他一个note 让他去图书馆啊什么的中间细节记不得题目也不怎么记得了= =剩下两篇lecture听废了！！！！不知道是我自己的问题还是题难求安慰~~~~加试我是鸟迁徙 + regtime music+ 大王花补充：中间还说从philology书里（好像是觉得不合逻辑还是听错了 = = 但是也不是很重要）里面获得历的某种植物的生长情况和周围环境然后和现在的情况相比较而已环境变了也影响了植物的周期具体怎么变不记得了回忆3：第一篇是关于小年轻找老教师谈话，小年轻将音乐和艺术结合到教学中，老教师说这是个strength，然后小年轻说我觉得以前我的evaluation做的不好，可以重新评估吗，老教师说不走回头路。

2018年3月托福真题回忆及解析

2018年3月托福真题回忆及解析水滴石穿，绳锯木断。

备考需要一点点积累才能到达好的效果。

无忧考网搜集整理了2018年3月托福真题回忆及解析，通过做题，能够巩固所学知识并灵活运用，考试时会更得心应手。

2018年3月举行了5场考试，考试时间分别为3月3日、3月10日、3月11日、3月24日、3月31日，以下内容仅供参考。

3月3日托福口语真题回忆：Task 1内容回忆：你是学校学生，学校报纸要增加栏目，给学生带来方便，选增加哪个推荐：local restaurant review，film，travel参考答案：If a section is going to be added in campus newspaper, I will recommend local restaurant review. Apparently, students will not only eat on campus. They also have interests to explore local restaurants. This new section canprovide a reference for them, and students can choose where to eat based on those descriptions and comments, which will bring a lot of convenience. What’s more, Ithink this can also strengthen the connection between local communities and students. Those restaurants can take advantage of this section to advertise and attract more students to visit them. They can modify their food or provide special meals for students, which will benefit both themselves and students.Task 2内容回忆：学校是否应该进行道德教育(moral values)参考答案：Of course school should give students education on moral values.The word “education” not only refers to academic content teaching but also includes helping students become kind and straight people. You may have heard stories about high intelligent criminals, and we don’t want our children become people like that. So it is necessary that school should teach children what’s right and what’s wrong. Besides, although parents may play an important role on teaching their kids moral values, schools also have obligations. Those parents have various identities or backgrounds and they may pay attention on different aspects of children’s growth, which will cause some bias. Only school can provide children a systematic education on moral values.Task 3阅读通知：学校要取消人少的 club原因 1：为了省钱原因 2：对社交没用听力态度：女生不同意原因 1. 不能省钱：学校本身给 club 花的钱就很少;原因 2. 人少的 club 更好：成员间的关系会更好Task 4 生物阅读 holiday paradox：人们对周围环境熟悉，感觉时间就过得慢;不熟悉就过得快。

2013年7月13日托福考试真题回忆(坚果整理)

2013年7月13日托福考试真题回忆（坚果整理）阅读部分讲非洲14到16世纪的服装，先给定义，然后说穿着场合不当会造成不好的影响，但是某些特定穿着只在小圈子里面流通。

然后说服饰是symbolism, 象征在部落中的地位。

首领的穿着在整个大陆都是统一的，然后提到首领的衣着使用贵重的材料。

最后说服饰以前看来是艺术，现在更多被认为是商品。

科学家认为恐龙灭绝与小行星有关，但缺少证据，后来发现了一个特殊的土层，有高浓度Ir铱元素，因其会随大气移动，整个地球都能发现。

后来证明是小行星造成的。

然后推测小行星撞击引起的dust 遮蔽阳光，植物死亡，所以恐龙灭绝了。

有话要说：此话题无论是在TPO（OG Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction; TPO8-2 Extinction of the Dinosaurs; TPO 15-2Mass Extinctions ）中还是在最近的考试(20120108ML; 20120205ML)中都出现过多次，花些时间把TPO里的文章搞清楚还是很有必要的，万一考到，有备无患。

山脉形成有三种理论: 一、地球就像风干的苹果, 地壳会以内部塌陷的方式断开，从而形成山脉; 二、大陆板块挤压形成山脉；三，这个理论是第二个理论的衍生，提到了阿尔卑斯山的例子，是山脉自身重量然后导致地球发热，形成山脉。

第二种理论的学者认为顺序有问题，应该反过来。

听力部分Conversation1一男生和university museum的工作人员男生想找机会在博物馆工作（主旨题）他说他是history major 然后对museum 很感兴趣提到他住在Wasington DC 小时候经常去那边museum（出题）然后工作人员说他们正好缺人欢迎男生来做volunteer 不过先要接受一个general training 同时如果有temporary exhibit 还有speical training（出题）不过男生说他更想参加研究于是工作人员说去年也有一学生跟他情况相似在research 不过那个是department of museum 的一个program 建议男生去和department of museum 联系Lecture1anthropology先说hunter-gathers这种人他们的特点是rely on nature 且no farming or cultivation 从他们的聚集地（有图大概是北美洲的西海岸一块）就有很多自然资源这里给了个例子（有题目）一种鱼salmon每年都会来海岸然后hunter-gathers就会捕捞很多鱼还把surplus留下以后再用然后转折说有人发现C植物在他们的聚集地而C并不是native物种是从inland引进的C植物有两种用途（出题）一种是作为diet 另一种不记得了并且发现hunter-gathers还会专门用土地去plant C 并且有很多carings 这就与传统意义上的概念矛盾了（出题）教授进一步解释这可能是因为早期欧洲人并不熟悉C等植物所以他们去美洲时没有注意到Lecture2biology这篇讲的biomimicery bio+mimic 单词好像拼错了不过就是仿生学的意思教授说生物的很多特点可以用到industry commercial use 具体讲了一个例子---Monoply Butterfly’s wing 首先说到wing的颜色这里现有背景铺垫说color 有两种方式形成一种是用pigment 举例用G色素可以产生绿色原理是他能反射reflect绿色的光线并吸收absorb其他颜色的光另一种方式就是M用的是structure 说M的wing表面rough 有bumpy 且有air间隙这样有自然光来时绿色被反射其他颜色吸收故wing就呈现绿色然后说就这个特点由于commercial 产生颜色好处是less energyconsumption less 有毒物质dye（出题）第二点是wing有let water through的功能原因是由于wing的structure 前面提到有很多小孔之间间隔空气然后说到水的特点一种是adhere to solid 第二是attract other droplets（出题）由于这两个特点谁能通过wing 并且谁还起到clean的作用最后教授提到仿生的3个level 其中一二个目前都能做到但第三个：respect nature还不能但教授表示有信心以后能做到（考态度题）Conversation2一女生和生物学教授讨论一片paper 教授先说题目不错不过有些地方unclear女生概述论文大概是研究magnetic field 在honey beenavigate 时的作用教授说你似乎把两个东西搞混了两个东西一个是上面说的另一个是communication （dancing）蜜蜂跳舞来交流dancing是根据食物离hive的远近来定的（出题）同时女生paper的origin不是一边academic paper 而是通俗读物教授建议找学术paper看（出题）Lecture3earth science这篇将carbon capture 前面有一些背景铺垫就是讲climate change很严重main contributor ：CO2 说温度上涨的limit是2 degree 但按现在的趋势是要超过（出题）所以要采取措施就是carbon capture 有两种方式post combustion capture 和precombustion capture。

托福TPO9阅读真题（文本+答案+翻译）：Part3

托福TPO9阅读真题(文本+答案+翻译)：Part3托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO9阅读真题(文本+答案+翻译)：Part3，望喜欢！托福TPO9阅读文本：Part3The Arrival of Plant Life in HawaiiWhen the Hawaiian Islands emerged from the sea as volcanoes, starting about five million years ago, they were far removed from other landmasses. Then, as blazing sunshine alternated with drenching rains, the harsh, barren surfaces of the black rocks slowly began to soften. Winds brought a variety of life-forms.Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks. A few of these spores found a toehold on the dark, forbidding rocks and grew and began to work their transformation upon the land. Lichens were probably the first successful flora. These are not single individual plants; each one is a symbiotic combination of an alga and a fungus. The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passing these on in waste products that nourish algae. It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantlysupplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth. Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices. These plants propagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient. Vast numbers of them fall on the ground beneath the mother plants. Sometimes they are carried farther afield by water or by wind. But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived, and multiplied. Some species developed great size, becoming tree ferns that even now grow in the Hawaiian forests.Many millions of years after ferns evolved (but long before the Hawaiian Islands were born from the sea), another kind of flora evolved on Earth: the seed-bearing plants. This was a wonderful biological invention. The seed has an outer coating that surrounds the genetic material of the new plant, and inside this covering is a concentrated supply of nutrients. Thus the seed's chances of survival are greatly enhanced over those of the naked spore. One type of seed-bearing plant, the angiosperm, includes all forms of blooming vegetation. In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard-like the shell of a nut-for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry. In some angiosperms the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seed to move to new habitats. Theycould travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months.Plants with large, buoyant seeds-like coconuts-drift on ocean currents and are washed up on the shores. Remarkably resistant to the vicissitudes of ocean travel, they can survive prolonged immersion in saltwater when they come to rest on warm beaches and the conditions are favorable, the seed coats soften. Nourished by their imported supply of nutrients, the young plants push out their roots and establish their place in the sun.By means of these seeds, plants spread more widely to new locations, even to isolated islands like the Hawaiian archipelago, which lies more than 2,000 miles west of California and 3,500 miles east of Japan. The seeds of grasses, flowers, and blooming trees made the long trips to these islands. (Grasses are simple forms of angiosperms that bear their encapsulated seeds on long stalks.) In a surprisingly short time, angiosperms filled many of the land areas on Hawaii that had been bare.Paragraph 2: Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks. A few of these spores found a toehold on the dark, forbidding rocks and grew and began to work their transformation upon the land. Lichens were probably the first successful flora. These are not single individual plants; each one is a symbiotic combination of an alga and a fungus. The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passing these on in waste products that nourish algae.It is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon theclose cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.托福TPO9阅读题目：Part31. The phrase "at random" in the passage is closest in meaning to○finally○over a long period of time○successfully○without a definite pattern2. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae in what way?○The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs.○The algae protect the fungi from the Sun's radiation.○The algae provide the fungi with greater space for absorbing water.○The fungi produce less waste in the presence of algae.3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Some of the earliest important examples of symbiosis-the close cooperation of two or more living things-occur in island communities.○Symbiosis-the close cooperation of pairs or small groups of living organisms-is especially important in these island environments.○The first organisms on these islands worked toget her closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly important on islands.○It is significant to note that organisms in the beginningstages of the development of island life cannot survive without close cooperation.Paragraph 3: Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth. Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices. These plantspropagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient. Vast numbers of them fall on the ground beneath the mother plants. Sometimes they are carried farther afield by water or by wind. But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived, and multiplied. Some species developed great size, becoming tree ferns that even now grow in the Hawaiian forests.4. The word "abundantly" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ occasionally○ plentifully○ usefully○ fortunately5. The word "propagate" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ multiply○ emerge○ live○ evolve6. According to paragraph 3, what was the relationship between lichens and ferns in the development of plant life on Hawaii?○Ferns were able to grow because lichens created suitable soil.○The decomposition of ferns produced minerals that were used by lichens.○Lichens and ferns competed to grow in the sam e rocky environments.○Lichens and ferns were typically found together in volcanic areas.Paragraph 4: Many millions of years after ferns evolved (but long before the Hawaiian Islands were born from the sea), another kind of flora evolved on Earth: the seed-bearing plants. Thiswas a wonderful biological invention. The seed has an outer coating that surrounds the genetic material of the new plant, and inside this covering is a concentrated supply of nutrients. Thus the seed's chances of survival are greatly enhanced over those of the naked spore. One type of seed-bearing plant, the angiosperm, includes all forms of blooming vegetation. In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard-like the shell of a nut-for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry. In some angiosperms the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seed to move to new habitats. They could travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months.7. The word "This" in the passage refers to○the spread of ferns and mosses in Hawaii○the creation of the Hawaiian Islands○the evolution of ferns○the development of plants that produce seeds8. According to paragraph 4, why do seeds have a greater chance of survival than spores do? To receive credit, you must select TWO answer choices.○Seeds need less water to grow into a mature plant than spores do.○Seeds do not need to rely on outside sources of nutrients.○Seeds are better protected from environmental dangers than spores are.○Seeds are heavier than spores and are therefore more likely to take root and grow.9. Why does the author mention "a nut", "a peach", and "a cherry"?○To indicate that some seeds are less likely to survive than others○To point out that many angiosperms can be eaten○To provide examples of blooming plants○To illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seeds10. The word "dormant" in the passage is closest in meaning to○hidden○inactive○underground○preservedParagraph5: Plants with large, buoyant seeds-like coconuts-drift on ocean currents and are washed up on the shores.Remarkably resistant to the vicissitudes of ocean travel, they can survive prolonged immersion in saltwater when they come to rest on warm beaches and the conditions are favorable, the seed coats soften. Nourished by their imported supply of nutrients, the young plants push out their roots and establish their place in the sun.11. According to paragraph 5, a major reason that coconuts can establish themselves in distant locations is that their seeds can○survive long exposure to heat on island beaches○float and survive for long periods in ocean water○use saltwater for maintenance and growth○maintain hard, protective coats even after growing roots12. According to the passage, which of the following characteristics do spores and seeds have in common?○They may be surrounded by several layers of covering.○They are produced by flowering plants.○They may be spread by wind.○They are able to grow in barren soils.Paragraph 3: Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth. Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices. ■These plants propagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient. ■Vast numbers of them fall on the ground beneath the mother plants. ■Sometimes they are carried farther afield by water or bywind. ■But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived, and multiplied. Some species developed great size, becoming tree ferns that even now grow in the Hawaiian forests.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.So since the chances of survival for any individual spore are small, the plants have to produce many spores in order to propagate.Where could the sentence best fit?14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.After the formation of the Hawaiian Islands, much time passed before conditions were suitable for plant life.●●●Answers Choices○Algae are classified as symbiotic because they produce energy through the process of photosynthesis.○The first successful plants on Hawaii were probably lichens, which consist of algae and fungi living in a symbiotic relationship.○Lichens helped create favorable conditions for the growthof spore-producing plants such as ferns and mosses.○Seed-bearing plants evolved much later than spore-producing plants, but both types of plants had evolved well before the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.○Unlike spores, seeds must move to new habitats in order to have a strong chance of survival and growth.○Seed-bearing plants arrived and spread quickly in Hawaii, thanks to characteristics that increased their seeds' ability to survive and to move to different areas托福TPO9阅读答案：Part3参考答案：1. ○42. ○13. ○34. ○25. ○16. ○17. ○48. ○2, 39. ○410. ○211. ○212. ○313. ○214. The first successful plants…Lichens helped create favorable…Seed-bearing plants arrived…托福TPO9阅读翻译：Part3参考翻译：夏威夷植物的到来大约500万年以前，当夏威夷群岛作为火山从海洋中出现的时候，它们与其他大陆相距甚远。

2023年3月9日托福写作真题回忆及范文解析整理

3月9日托福写作真题回忆及范文解析整理知己知彼，才能百战不殆，往日的托福真题可以关心我们了解到托福的考点和考试题型，为了关心大家备考，下面我给大家带来3月9日托福写作真题回忆及（范文）解析。

3月9日托福写作真题回忆综合写作话题分类生物类考题回忆1-总论点造成Sauropds体型比较大的三个环境因素2-阅读部分1) 大气层中氧气含量高，更加利于呼吸;2) 充分的植物供应了大量的食物供应;3) 暖和的气候，不需要消耗太多能量(来抵挡寒冷，因此能量可以用于生长)。

3-听力部分1) 那时的氧气含量根本不高，甚至比现在的还低;2) 植物量虽大，但养分不够;3) 有时会有overheat，他们需要想方法躲避，所以暖和气候其实更不利于恐龙生长。

3月9日托福写作真题范文解题思路论述清晰阅读总观点和分论点，以及听力分论点以及反对细节参考范文Both of the reading and the listening concentrate on the same topic about the size of Sauropods. The reading states three environmental factors to explain why the size of Sauropods was huge while the professor in the listening disagrees with those factors presented in the passage.First, according to the passage, the author mentions that at that time, the level of oxygen used to be high, which might be beneficial to the size of Sauropods. However, the professor gives an opposite opinion that archaeologists suggested that the level of oxygen was not high enough, what’s worse, it could be even lower than present level.Second, it is mentioned in the reading passage that plenty of plants could supply enough food for Sauropods to grow. On the contrary, the professor casts doubts on this statement because there might be enough food like plants for Sauropods but those plants could not produce and provide enough nutrition for Sauropods to grow.Third, what can be learned from the reading passage is that the climate used to be warm which means Sauropods didn’t need to consume too much energy. The saved energy could be used to fight against cold. The professor opposed this idea by pointing out that Sauropods need to find shelter when the temperature was overheated.托福写作究竟如何备考听听29分老师怎么说1 如何提高托福写作?不能懒!写作这一项假如不多写多练，提高确定是很慢的，肯定要多去修改自己的（作文），不断发觉问题和弱项，再针对性的去改正优化，才能写得越来越好。

托福TPO3阅读真题原文题目及答案Part2

托福TPO3阅读真题原文题目及答案Part2托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO3阅读真题及答案Part2，望喜欢！托福TPO3阅读真题原文Part2Depletion of the Ogallala AquiferThe vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880s. This region has a semiarid climate, and for 50 years after its settlement, it supported a low-intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming. In the early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater). This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wellsnow tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate-that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply-has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930s, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting byusing great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies.In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed to transport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers.Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water (water in the soil) above the water table by injecting compressed air into the ground. Even if this process proves successful, however, it would almost triple water costs. Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.Paragraph 1: The vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880s. This region has a semiarid climate, and for 50 years after its settlement, it supported a low-intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming. In the early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater). This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.托福TPO3阅读真题题目Part21.According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements about the High Plains is true?○Until farmers and rancher s settled there in the 1880s, the High Plains had never been inhabited.○The climate of the High Plains is characterized by higher-than-average temperatures.○The large aquifer that lies underneath the High Plains was discovered by the Ogallala Sioux Indians.○Before the early 1900s there was only a small amount of farming and ranching in the High Plains.Paragraph 2: The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.2. According to paragraph 2, all of the following statements about the Ogallala aquifer are true EXCEPT:○The aquifer stretches from South Dakota to Texas.○The aquifer's water comes from underground springs.○Water has been gatheri ng in the aquifer for 30,000 years.○The aquifer's water is stored in a layer of sandstone.3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region's climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.○Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.○Because of the region's present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.○Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.Paragraph 3: The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.4. The word "ensuing" in the passage is closest in meaning to○continuing○surprising○initial○subsequent5. In paragraph 3, why does the author provide the information that 40 percent of American cattle are fattened in the High Plains?○To suggest that crop cultivation is not the most importantpart of the economy of the High Plains○To indicate that not all economic activity in the High Plains is dependent on irrigation○To provide another example of how water from the Ogallala has transformed the economy of the High Plains○To contrast cattle-fattening practices in the High Plains with those used in other region of the United StatesParagraph 4: This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate-that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply-has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930s, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.6. The word "unprecedented" in the passage is closest in meaning to○difficult to control○without any restriction○unlike anything in the past○rapidly expanding7. The word "virtually" in the passage is closest in meaningto○clearly○perhaps○frequently○almost8. According to paragraph 4, all of following are consequences of the heavy use of the Ogallala aquifer for irrigation EXCEPT:○The recharge rate of the aquifer is decreasing.○Water tables in the region are becoming increasingly lower.○Wells now have to be dug to much greater depths than before.○Increasingly powerful pumps are needed to draw water from the aquifer.9. According to paragraph 4, compared with all other states that use Ogallala water for irrigation, Texas○has the greatest amount of farmland being irrigated with Ogallala water○contains the largest amount of Ogallala water underneath the soil○is expected to face the worst water supply crisis as the Ogallala runs dry○uses the least amount of Ogallala water for its irrigation needsParagraph 5: The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies.10. The word "inevitable" in the passage is closest in meaning to○unfortunate○predictable○u navoidable○final11. Paragraph 5 mentions which of the following as a source of difficulty for some farmers who try to conserve water?○Crops that do not need much water are difficult to grow in the High Plains.○Farmers who grow crops that need a lot of water make higher profits.○Irrigating less frequently often leads to crop failure.○Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry.Paragraph 6: In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed to transport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers. Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water (water in the soil) above the water table by injectingcompressed air into the ground. Even if this process proves successful, however, it would almost triple water costs. Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.12.According to paragraph 6, what is the main disadvantage of the proposed plans to transport river water to the High Plains?○The rivers cannot supply sufficient water for the farmer's needs.○Increased irrigation costs would make the products too expensive.○The costs of using capillar y water for irrigation will increase.○Farmers will be forced to switch to genetically engineered crops.Paragraph 5: The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. █Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. █The ince ntive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies. █Paragraph 6: In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed totransport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers. █Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water (water in the soil) above the water table by injecting compressed air into the ground. Even if this process proves successful, however, it would almost triple water costs. Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passageBut even if uncooperative farmers were to join in the conservation efforts, this would only delay the depletion of the aquifer.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The Ogallala aquifer is a large underground source of water in the High Plains region of the United States.●●●Answer choices○The use of the Ogallala for irrigation has allowed the High Plains to become one of the most productive agricultural regions in the United States.○Given the aquifer's low recharge rate, its use for irrigation is causing water tables to drop and will eventually lead to its depletion.○Releasing capillary water and introducing drought-resistant crops are less-promising solutions to the water supply crisis than bringing in river water○The periodic deepening of wells and the use of more-powerful pumps would help increase the natural recharge rate of the Ogallala.○In Texas, a great deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because it is there that the most critical situation exists.○Several solutions to the upcoming water supply crisis have been proposed, but none of them promises to keep the costs of irrigation low.托福TPO3阅读真题答案Part2参考答案：1. ○42. ○23. ○14. ○45. ○36. ○37. ○48. ○19. ○310. ○311. ○212. ○213. ○314. The use of the Ogallala for…Given the aquifer's low recharge…Several solutions to the upcoming…托福TPO3阅读翻译Part2奥加拉拉蓄水层的枯竭19世纪80年代，在美国中部北美大平原的广阔草原上定居着农场主们和牧场主们。

(完整版),历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含,文档

--0308 托福试题阅读〔 55minutes〕Question 1-11If food is allowed to stand for some time, itputrefies .When the putrefied materialis examined microscopically,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do thesebacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenthcentury,many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous(5 ) generation,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonlivingmatter.The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemistand microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteurshowed that structurespresent in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did(10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. Afterthe guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol andether, the particles that it hadtrapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteurfound that in ordinary air these exists a variety of--solid structures ranging in size from0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of thesebodies resembled the reproductive(15)structures of common molds,single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells .As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteenliters of ordinary air ,and they couldnot be distinguished from the organisms found inmuch larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originatedfrom the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly(20)being deposited on all objects.Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution wassealed in a glass flask and heated toboiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it,it never putrefied.The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary forspontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way(25)by heating so that it would no longer supportspontaneous generation.Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but aircould reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask..Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.--1,What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)Pasteur ’influences on the development of the microscope.(b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation .(c)The effects of pasteurization on food.(d)Pasteur ’ sargument against the theory of spontaneous generation .2,The phrase“ teeming with〞in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a)full of(b)developing into(c)resistant to(d)hurt by3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer? (a)Whatis the origin of the living organisms are seen onsome food?(b)How many types of organisms can be found on food?(c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organismsfor microscopic examination?(d)How long can food stand before it putrefies?4,The word “ resemble 〞in line 9 is closest in meaning to(a)benefit from(b)appear similar to(c)join together with(d)grow from5,The purpose of the“ guncotton〞mentioned in paragraph 2 was to(a)trap particles for analysis(b)slow the process of putrefaction(c)increase the airflow to the microscopic slide(d)aid the mixing of alcohol and ether6,The author mention“ 〞in line 14 in describing the(a)thickness of a layer of organisms that was deposited on an object(b)diameter of the fibers that were in the guncotton filters(c)thickness of the microscope slides that wereused (d)size of the particles that that were collected7.The word“ postulated〞line19 is closest in meaning to(a)analyzed(b)doubted(c)persuaded(d)suggested8.The objects that Pasteut removed from the air in his experiment were remarkable because they were(a)primarily single-celled organisms(b)no different from objects found in putrefying materials(c)fairly rare(d)able to live in a mixture of alcohol and ether9.The word “ it 〞 in line 22 refers to (a)anutrient solution(b)a glass flask(c)boiling(d)spontaneous generation10.According to paragraph 3,proponents of spontaneous generation believed that which of the following was important for the process to succeed ? (a)A sealed container(b)Fresh air(c)Heat(d)The presence of nutrients11.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatPasteur employed a swam-necked flask to(a)store sterilized liquids for use in future experiments(b)prevent heat from building up in a solution(c)disprove a criticism of his conclusions(d)estimate the number of organisms in a liter of airQuestions 12-20--In the early decades of the United States,the agrarian movement promoted the farmeras society’ shero.In the minds of agrarian thinkers and writers ,the farmer was a person onwhose well-being the health of the new country depended .The period between theRevolution,which ended in 1783,and the Civil War ,which ended in 1865 ,was the age of(5 )the farmer in the United States.Agrarian philosophers ,represented most eloquently byThomas Jefferson,celebrated farmers extravagantly for their supposed centrality in a good society, their political virtue ,and their Superior morality .And virtually all policy makers, whetherthey subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture asthe key component of the American economy .Consequently ,government at(10)all levels worked to encourage farmers as a social group and agriculture as economicenterprise.Both the national and state governments developed transportation infrastructure,building canals,roads, bridges, and railroads ,deepeningharbors ,and removing obstructions from navigable streams .The national government imported plant and animal varieties and(15) launched exploring expeditions into prospective--farmlands in the West .In addition ,government trade policies facilitated theexporting of agricultural products.For their part ,farmers seemed to meet the social expectations agrarian philosophershad for them ,as their broader horizons and greater self-respect, both products of the Revolution ,were reflected to some degree in their behavior .Farmersseemed to become(20)more scientific ,joining agricultural societiesand reading the farm newspapers that sprangup throughout the country .They began using improved implements, tried new crops andpure animal breeds , and became more receptive to modern theories of soil improvement .They also responded to inducements by nationaland state governments .Farmersstreamed to the West ,filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity .But farmers responded(25)less to the expectations of agrarians and governmentinducements than to growing marketopportunities.European demand for food from the United States seemed insatiable.War, industrialization,and urbanization all kept demand high in Europe . United States citiesand industries grew as well;even industries not directly related to farming thrived becauseof the market,money ,and labor that agricultureprovided .--12.What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson(b)The role of the national government in the development of agriculture(c)Improvements in farming techniques(d)The impact of the increased importance of the farmer13.The word “ depended 〞 in line 3 is closest in meaning to(a)improved(b)relied(c)demanded(d)explainedauthor mentions Thomas Jefferson in paragraph 1 as an example of(a)a leader during the Revolution(b)an inventor of new farming techniques(c)a philosopher who believed farmers were essentialto the creation of a good society(d)a farmer who guided the agrarian movement toward an emphasis on economic development15.The phrase“ subscribed to〞in line 8 is closest in meaning to(a)contributed to(b)agreed with--(c)thought about(d)expanded on16.Which of the following statements is supported by the information in paragraph 1?(a)All government policy makers accepted Jefferson’ s views of agriculture and farmers.(b)Agricultural production declined between1783 and 1861.(c)The majority of farmers worked for the government.(d)Agriculture was a vital part of the nation’ s economy.17.According to the passage , the national and state governments did all of the following EXCEPT(a)build roads(b)import new plant varieties(c)give farmers money for their crops(d)develop policies that helped farmers export their products18.All of the following are mentioned as examples offarmers ’ meeting the expectations of agrarian philosophers EXCEPT(a)obtaining information from farm newspapers(b)accumulating personal wealth (c)plantingnew crops(d)becoming more scientific--19.The word“ stunning〞in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a)predictable(b)impressive(c)famous(d)gradual20.Which of the following statements is best supported by paragraph 4?(a)Agricultural development contributed to development in other parts of the economy.(b)European agricultural products were of a higher quality than those produced in the United States.(c)The growing settlement of the West led to a decrease in agricultural production.(d)Farmers were influenced more by government policies than by market opportunities.Question 21-29--The wide variety of climates in North Americahas helped spawn a complex pattern ofsoil regions. In general, the realm’ s soils also reflect the broad environmental partitioninginto“ humid America〞and“ arid America.〞Where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches(50 centimeters),soils in humid areas tend to be acidic in chemical content, Since crops(5 ) do best in soils that are neither acidic(higher inacid content)nor alkaline(higher in salt content).fertilization is necessary to achieve the desired level of neutrality between thetwo. Arid America’ ssoils are typically alkaline and must be fertilized back towardneutrality by adding acidic compounds. Although many of these dryland soils, particularlyin the Great Plains, are quite fertile,European settlers learned over a century ago that(10) water is the main missing ingredient in achieving their agricultural potential. In the1970 ’ s, certain irrigation methods were perfected and finally provided a real opportunityto expand more intensive farming west from theCentral Lowland into the drier portionsof the Great Plains. Glaciation also enhanced therich legacy of fertile soils in the centralUnited States,both from the deposition of mineral-rich glacial debris left by meltwater(15) and from thick layers of fine wind-blown glacial material, called loess, in and around themiddle Mississippi Valley.Natural vegetation patterns could be displayed on a map of North America, but theenormous human modification of the North American environment in modern times hasall but reduced this regionalization scheme to the level of the hypothetical. Nonetheless,(20) the humid America-arid America dichotomy is still a valid generalization: the naturalvegetation of areas receiving more than 20 inchesof water yearly is forest, whereas thedrier climates give rise to a grassland cover. Theforests of North America tent to makea broad transition by latitude. In the Canadian North, needle-leaf forests dominate, butthese coniferous trees become mixed with broadleaf deciduous trees as one crosses the(25)border into the Northeast United States. As oneproceedstowardtheSoutheast,broadleafvegetation becomes dominant. Arid America mostlyconsists of short-grass prairies orstepper. The only areas of true desert are in the Southwest.21 What aspect of North America does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The wide variety of climates(B)Soil types and vegetation patterns(C)Improved irrigation methods and theexpansion of agriculture(D)The change in precipitation patterns22 The word“ spawn〞in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A)distinguish(B)eliminate(C)protect(D)create23 The word“ partitioning in〞line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)division(B) modification(C) opening(D) circulating24 According to the passage, acidic soils tent to be associated with(A)a high salt content(B)an increase in farming(C)large amounts of rain(D)glacial meltwater25 The word “ enhanced 〞 in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A)implied(B)increased(C)indicated(D)informed26 How did glacial meltdown affect the soil in North America?(A)It redistributed the soil types(B)It added salt to the soil(C)It made the soil more neutral in content(D)It added minerals to the soil27 The phrase“ this regionalization scheme 〞 in line 19 refers to the(A)movements of glacial deposits(B)patterns of natural vegetation(C)human modificationof the North Americanenvironment(D)distinction between humid America and arid America28 The word“ transition in〞 line 23 is closest inmeaning to(A)elevation(B)change(C)advantage(D)condition29 The passage supports which of the following statements?(A)Arid America is not necessarily characterized bythe presence of deserts(B) Most of Canada and the northeastern UnitedStates consists of short-grass prairies wherever natural vegetation has not been modified by humans(C) The accumulation of loess is primarily theresult of irrigation(D)Glaciation removed the fertile layer of soil frommuch of the Mississippi ValleyQuestions 30-40Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed ifan object is lit for a very brief time(less that 1/25 second), the human eye will not reactin time to see the object. A photographic emulsion---that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass---will, however,record much shorter bursts of light. A(5 ) photographic flash can therefore be used tocapture high-speed movement on film as wellas to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting.Photoflash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, first used in 1864, was a paper bag containingmagnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance,such as potassium chlorate. When thebag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense flash.A contemporary observer reported(10)that “ this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room indense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.〞The evolution of the photoflash was slow, flashbulbs, containing fine wire made of ametal,such as magnesium or aluminum,capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pureoxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920’ s. In the earliest type, the metal(15)was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The flash was fired by piercing thebulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contactwith the metal, which ignitedspontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire bypassing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygendifluoride with zirconium, have also been used.In each case enough energy is given out to(20) heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to awhite-hot emission of visible light.The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly;but since they are white,they contribute to the brilliance by reflecting the light from their still-glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger formof the metal will burn for a longer time.30 What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The history of the photoflash(B)Theories about how the eye reacts to light(C)The technology of modern photography(D)The dangers of using the early photoflash31 According to the passage,1/25 second is the minimum amount of time required for the(A)recording of an image on film(B)generation of artificial light(C)creation of a photographic emulsion(D)human eye to react to light32 According to the passage, an advantage of usinga photoflash is that it(A)can produce repeated bursts of light(B)intensities colors in photographs(C)is short enough not to bother human eyes(D)supplements existing lighting33 T he word“ ignited〞in line 9 is closest inmeaning to(A)set on fire(B)cut into(C)opened(D)shaken34Which of the following phrases is defined in paragraph 1?(A)〞appreciable period〞(line 1)(B)〞photographic emulsion〞(line 3)(C)〞high-speed movement〞(line 5)(D)〞odd poses〞(line 11)35 The word“ evolution〞in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A)publicity(B)adoption(C)development(D)manufacture36 The function of the glass in the first flashbulbs was to(A)produce the spark that initiated the flash(B)magnify the light produced by the flash(C) protect the photographer from the heat of theflash(D)keep the metal and oxygen apart before the flash37 The word “ it 〞 in line 18 refers to(A)oxygen(B)battery(C)wire(D)current38 The word“ momentarily〞in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A)effortlessly(B)briefly(C)electronically(D)gradually39 According to the passage, the white color of the smoke particles generated by a flashbulb contributes to(A)rapid cooling(B)bright illumination(C)electrical conductivity(D)intense heat40 According to the passage, a flashbulb can be made to burn longer by using(A)thicker wire(B)more oxygen(C)thinner glass(D)continuous electricityQuestions 41-50The stylistic innovation in paining known as Impressionism began in the1870 ’ s.TheImpressionists wanted to depict what they saw innature,but they were inspired to portrayfragmentary moments by the increasingly fastpace of modern life. They concentrated onthe play of light over objects, people, and nature, breaking up seemingly solid surfaces,(5 ) stressing vivid contrast between colors insunlight and shade, and depiction reflected lightin all of its possibilities.Unlike earlier artists,they did not want to observe the world fromindoors. They abandoned the studio, painting inthe open air and recording spontaneousImpressions of their subjects instead of making outsidesketches and then moving indoors to complete the workform memory.(10)Some of the Impressionists’paintingmethods were affected by technologicaladvances. For example, the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible inpart by the advent of cheap rail travel,which permitted easy and quick access to thecountryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical dyes and oils that ledto collapsible paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.(15)Impressionism acquired its name not from(完满版),历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含,文档--supporters but from angry art lovers whofelt threatened by the new painting.The term“ Impressionism〞was born in 1874,whena group of artists who had been workingtogether organized an exhibition of theirpaintings in order to draw public attention totheir work. Reaction from the public andpress was immediate, and derisive. Among the165 paintings exhibited was one called(20)Impression:Sunrise,by Claude Monet(1840-1926),Viewed through hostile eyes,Monet ’ s painting of a rising sun over a misty,watery scene seemed messy, slapdash,and an affront to good taste. Borrowing Monet’ s title,art critics extended the term“ Impressionism〞to the entire exhibit.Inresponse, Monet and his 29 fellow artists inthe exhibit adopted the same name as a badge oftheir unity, despite individual differences.(25)From then until 1886 Impressionism had all thezeal of a“ church〞, as the painter Renoirput it. Monet was faithful to the Impressionist creed untilhis death, although many of theothers moved on to new styles.41 What aspect of painting in the nineteenth century doesthe passage mainly discuss?(A)The impact of some artists’ resistance to the fast pace of life---(B)The differences between two major styles of art(C)A technological advance in the materials used by artists(D) A group of artists with a new technique and approachto art42 The word “ depict 〞in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)reorganize(B)deform(C)represent(D)justify43 According to the passage, which of the followingwas one of the distinguishing characteristics of Impressionist painting?(A)The emphasis on people rather than nature scenes(B)The way the subjects were presented from multipleangles(C)The focus on small solid objects(D)The depiction of the effects of light and color44 Which of the following is a significant way in which Impressionists were different from the artiststhat preceded them?(A)They began by making sketches of their subjects(B) They painted their subjects out-of-doors(C) They preferred to paint from memory---(D)They used subjects drawn from modern life45 The word“ advent〞in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A)achievement(B)acceptance(C)arrival(D)advantage46 The exhibition of paintings organized in 1874 resulted in all of the following EXCEPT(A)attracting attention from the public(B) a negative reaction from the press(C)an immediate demand for the paintings exhibited(D)creating a name for a new style of painting47 The word“ affront〞in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A)insult(B)encouragement(C)return(D)credit48 The rejection of the Impressionist exhibition by critics was caused by which of the following?(A)The small number of paintings on display(B)Lack of interest in exhibitions by young artists(C) The similarity between all the paintings---exhibited(D)Anger about seemingly poorly painted art49 The author mentions Renoir in line 25 to givean example of an artist who(A)became as famous as Monet(B)was consistently praised by art critics(C)described the enthusiasm of theImpressionists for their work(D)was in favor of a traditional style of painting50 The word “ others 〞 in line 27 refers to (A)artcritics(B)fellow artists(C)individual differences(D)new styles0308 答案ABADB CCCBA BDDCC DCDBA DACCB DBCAC DACBA BABDC BCAAD CDABACACCB CDBCB DACCC ABCDA CDCDC BDCDC BCDDC DBACBDAABA DDBAB CDBCB DCBBA BDACB DDBAA DDABC DCBBA DCDBC CADCB专业资料可更正可编写范文模范可行性研究报告指导范文---。

托#福写作真题与范文

托福写作真题与范文托福综合写作对于刚入门托福备考的童鞋可谓难度不小，因为我们之前接触的传统考试几乎很少有如此“综合”的写作考察，阅读、听力、写作任何一个部分不够好都会影响到整体发挥。

想要更好备考托福综合写作，我们需要合理充分利用TPO真题作为绝佳备考资料，熟悉综合写作曾经考过的学科话题内容，借鉴优秀范文中值得学习的写作思路和亮眼表达。

下面我们来看一篇关于TPO3综合写作的阅读听力原文与优秀范文赏析。

TPO3综合写作阅读部分Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’clothing, would not have beenguilty of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.TPO3综合写作听力部分Professor:Everything you just read about "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it's indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint haveshown that the fur collar wasn't part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original could be seen, in the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman's face. That's why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we would expect from Rembrandt.Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his "Self-portrait with a Hat".我们综合阅读和听力的内容会发现TPO3这题主要考察了关于一幅人物画究竟是不是Rembrandt的作品的探讨，阅读部分从三方面给出理由认为画作并非出自Rembrandt之手，而听力部分则根据阅读部分的三方面理由各个击破反驳了阅读的观点，认为这幅画作就是出自Rembrandt之手。

老托福阅读100篇passage33试题及答案

老托福阅读100篇passage33试题及答案为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来老托福阅读100篇passage 33试题及答案，希望大家喜欢!老托福阅读100篇passage 33试题及答案PASSAGE 33Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend andremember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding(C) insightful(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds atonce (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word it in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) ask(B) explain(C) change(D) predictPASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C托福阅读怎么抓住定位词首先介绍一下，什么是定位词?其实很简单，打个比方，你和朋友约好了去酒吧，朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面，这个酒吧你是不知道地点的，也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知，那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

【听力小分队】老托PartC93篇题目（不断更新中……感谢奶茶MM的细心整理！）1. Part C--I-01-1 / BCAD Community Service39. What is the purpose of the talk?(A) To explain a new requirement for graduation.(B) To interest students in a community service project.(C) To discuss the problems of elementary school students.(D) To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program.40. What is the purpose of the program the Dean describes?(A) To find jobs for graduating students.(B) To help education majors prepare for final exams.(C) To offer tutorials to elementary school students.(D) To provide funding for a community service project.41. What does Professor Dodge do?(A) He advises students participating in a special program.(B) He teaches part-time in an elementary school.(C) He observes elementary school students in the classroom.(D) He helps students prepare their resumes.42. What should students interested in the tutorials do?(A) Contact the elementary school.(B) Sign up for a special class.(C) Submit a resume to the dean.(D) Talk to Professor Dodge.2. Part C--I-01-2 / BDCC Insurance History43. What is the purpose of the instructor’s talk?(A) To prepare students for the next reading assignment.(B) To provide background information for a class discussion.(C) To review material from a previous lesson.(D) To prepare for a quiz on chapter six.44. Who were the first insurance contracts designed to protect?(A) Insurance companies.(B) Sailors.(C) Manufacturers.(D) Merchants.45. What does the instructor say determined the cost of early insurance policies?(A) The distance the merchandise had to be shipped.(B) The number of insurance companies available at the time.(C) The amount of danger involved in shipping the goods.(D) The type of vessel used to transport the goods.46. What does the instructor say about current insurance policies?(A) Only four types of policies still exist today.(B) They are cheaper than the ones in The Middle Ages.(C) They include features similar to earlier policies.(D) The interest rates are based on early methods of calculation.3. Part C--I-01-3 / CADC Gravity Simulation47. What did Newman change so that the divers could experience different gravity levels?(A) The oxygen level in the water.(B) The angle of the treadmill.(C) The weights on the divers.(D) The temperature of the water.48. Why will Martian space suits be designed differently from lunar space suits?(A) Walking on Mars will be easier than walking on the Moon.(B) There is more gravity on the Moon than on Mars.(C) Walking quickly will be difficult on Mars.(D) Astronauts on Mars will require more oxygen than will astronauts on the Moon.49. What happened to the divers at Martian gravity when the speed of the treadmill was increased?(A) They took short, quick steps.(B) They were pulled off of the treadmill.(C) They lost their balance.(D) They took longer, coordinated steps.50. What is one way that the design of Martian space suits will differ from lunar space suits?(A) Martian suits will have larger air tanks.(B) Martian suits will be equipped with special weights.(C) Martian suits will be more flexible.(D) Martian suits will be less durable.4. Part C--I-02-1 / BAD Everglades National Park39. What is the main purpose of the tour?(A) To inform visitors of the park's history.(B) To provide an overview of the park's main attractions.(C) To show visitors remote places in the park.(D) To teach visitors how best to photograph wildlife.40. What does the speaker imply about paddling across the water in a canoe?(A) It's easy to get lost.(B) It requires enormous strength.(C) It is a good group activity.(D) People shouldn't do it in the winter.41. Why is it good to visit the Everglades in the winter?(A) There are fewer tourists.(B) The entrance fees are lower.(C) The animals are more active.(D) There are fewer insects.5. Part C--I-02-2 / DABCC Space Suits42. What is the speaker's main purpose?(A) To show a videotape on survival in outer space.(B) To gain support for the space program.(C) To describe her experience on space missions.(D) To inform the audience about the space suit.43. What would cause an unprotected human body to explode in outer space?(A) The lack of air pressure.(B) The extremely hot or cold temperatures.(C) Exposure to radiation.(D) An inadequately ventilated space suit.44. Where is the bladder of oxygen located?(A) On the exterior of the space shuttle.(B) In the torso of the space suit.(C) In the helmet.(D) In the control center at NASA.45. What does the speaker show the audience as she describes the main part of the space suit?(A) A videotape.(B) A book.(C) A picture.(D) An oxygen tank.46. What will probably happen next?(A) Another speaker will describe the helmet.(B) The woman will talk about the space shuttle.(C) Someone from the audience will try on the helmet.(D) The woman will put on a space suit.6.Part C--I-02-3 / CCDA Video-version Dance47. What is the purpose of the talk?(A) To describe Twyla Tharp's career.(B) To introduce a well-known dancer.(C) To provide background for a video presentation.(D) To encourage the audience to study dance.48. Why was the video version of the dance more successful than the theater production?(A) The dancers in the video had more experience with Tharp's choreography.(B) Twyla Tharp was the lead dancer in the video.(C) The filming techniques made the dance easier to understand.(D) The new musical score was more appropriate for the topic.49. What kind of music is the dance performed to?(A) Jazz.(B) Folk(C) Classical.(D) Rock.50. What will probably be included in the discussion after the program?(A) What the pineapple symbolizes.(B) Twyla Tharp's career in dance.(C) How the video was filmed.(D) The quality of the music in the video.7. Part C--I-03-1 / BAAC Baby's Mathematics Ability39. What is the experiment designed to demonstrate?(A) That babies understand language before they can speak.(B) That babies have simple Mathematical skills.(C) Babies’ preference for different kinds of toys.(D) The influence of television on babies.40. Which of the babies’ reactions would be significant for the purposes of the experiment?(A) Staring at the dolls longer.(B) Crying loudly.(C) Blinking their eyes rapidly.(D) Reaching for the dolls.41. How does the professor explain the baby’s behavior?(A) They’re born with the ability.(B) They’re exceptionally intelligent.(C) They learned it from playing with dolls.(D) They’ve learned it from their parents.42. What implication of her research is the professor concerned about?(A) Language acquisition may be negatively affected.(B) Babies used in experiments often develop emotional problems.(C) Parents may force their children to learn at too early an age.(D) Early coaching will interfere with creativity.8. Part C--I-03-2 / BDCA Tour of Jefferson's Home43. What is the purpose of the talk?(A) To describe Jefferson’s role in history.(B) To introduce a tour of Jefferson’s home.(C) To train a group of architects.(D) To raise money for the Monticello Historical Society.44. How did Jefferson learn about Palladio’s ideas?(A) They knew each other.(B) Palladio designed buildings in Virginia.(C) Jefferson studied in Italy.(D) Jefferson read books on Palladio’s work.45. In what way did Jefferson go against the advice of Palladio?(A) He made his house too large.(B) He constructed a fence around his property.(C) He built his house on a mountain.(D) He transported unnecessary materials.46. According to the speaker, what is the advantage of Monticello’s location?(A) It provides a good view of the area.(B) It’s surrounded by several towns.(C) It is accessible to major roads.(D) It is near a nature preserve.9. Part C--I-03-3 / DACA Business Plan47. Who is conducting the meeting?(A) Mr. Richardson.(B) The university president.(C) A new committee member.(D) The committee chairperson.48. How did the committee raise money?(A) They sold T-shirts.(B) They sold photographs.(C) They had a garden party.(D) They ran tours of the nursery.49. Why did the committee choose Richardson’s nursery?(A) It was the only nursery in their price range.(B) It was nearest the university.(C) They had worked with the nursery before.(D) Mr. Richardson was a friend of the committee chairperson.50. What will the committee probably do next?(A) Review the budget.(B) Visit Richardson’s Nursery.(C) Listen to a speech by the university present.(D) Conduct a tree-planting ceremony.10. Part C--I-04-1 / ADCBD Thatch Roofs39. What is about to be demonstrated?(A) Putting a roof on a barn.(B) Harvesting water reeds.(C) Using stone as a building material.(D) Daily farm operations.40. What are thatch roofs made of?(A) Clay tiles.(B) Slate or stone.(C) Wooden shingles.(D) Reeds or straw.41. According to the speaker, why did thatching die out in the United States?(A) Later colonists did not know how to thatch.(B) Thatching was considered dangerous.(C) Other roofing materials were available.(D) Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.42. According to the speaker, why does thatch survive strong winds?(A) It's manufactured to be strong.(B) It bends without breaking.(C) Thatches nail it down securely.(D) The winds can pass through it easily.43. According to the speaker, how might thatching become popular again?(A) If people had more time to learn how to do it.(B) If its cost went down.(C) If it could make buildings more attractive.(D) If people realized its many advantages.——————————————23—————————————93 --- 11-1511 / Part C--I-04-2 / CDD Coffee Market Trends44. What is the main topic of the news story?(A) The coffee market in Boston.(B) The role of supermarkets in the coffee business.(C) A new trend in the United States.(D) The advertising of a new product.45. What probably leads people to choose gourmet coffees over regular brands?(A) Gourmet coffee is less expensive.(B) Regular brands of coffee have too much caffeine.(C) Gourmet coffee tastes better.(D) Gourmet coffee is grown in the United States.46. What will probably happen in the future to stores that sell only regular brands ofcoffee?(A) They will run out of coffee.(B) They will successfully compete with gourmet coffee sellers.(C) They will introduce new regular brands of coffee.(D) They will lose some coffee business.12/ Part C--I-04-3 / DBCB Photography47. What is the professor mainly discussing?(A) Photographic techniques common in the early 1900's.(B) The life of Alfred Stieglitz.(C) The influence of weather on Alfred Stieglitz's photography.(D) Alfred Stieglitz’s approach to photography48. What question had the professor raised in the previous class?(A) How to analyze photographic techniques.(B) How to define photography.(C) How Alfred Stieglitz contributed to the history of photography.(D) Whether photography is superior to other art forms.49. What does the professor imply about the photographs Stieglitz took at night?(A) They were influenced by his background in engineering.(B) They were very expensive to take.(C) They were among the first taken under such conditions.(D) Most of them were of poor quality.50. Why did Stieglitz choose not to make copies of his photographs?(A) He thought the copying process took too long.(B) He considered each photograph tobe unique.(C) He didn't have the necessary equipment for reproduction.(D) He didn't want them to be displayed outside of his home.13 / PartC--I-05-1 / DCCA President Taylor40. Why was Zachary Taylor chosen by his party as a candidate for present?(A) He was well known on the West Coast.(B) He served as James Polk's Vice President.(C) He supported financial aid to farmers.(D) He was a popular war hero.41. According to the speaker, why is it surprising that Taylor was elected president?(A) He was not interested in political reform.(B) He had an unusual military career.(C) He had no political experience.(D) He expressed many controversial ideas.42. Why did Taylor accomplish relatively little as present?(A) He lost the support of farmers.(B) He was opposed by the Whig party.(C) He died early in his term.(D) He came into conflict with railroad owners.43. What will the class probably do next?(A) Listen to a talk about another President.(B) Write a report about Taylor's accomplishments(C) Discuss the differences between Polk and Taylor.(D) Begin working on their reports about Vice President.14 / PartC--I-05-2 / ACA Balloon Launch44. What is the purpose of the Balloon launch?(A) To commemorate a historic flight.(B) To try out eighty new balloons.(C) To recruit balloonists from allover the United States.(D) To determine whether helium balloons are better than hot-air balloons.45. What problem might today’s pilots encounter?(A) They may not be able to inflate their balloons.(B) There are too many balloons to launch at once.(C) Their flight pattern could be uncertain due to the wind.(D) They'll lose money if some balloons can't take off.46. What does the speaker imply about Helium Balloons?(A) They're expensive.(B) They were the first kind of balloon ever used.(C) They're faster than air balloons.(D) They're popular in the United States.15/ Part C--I-05-3 / DCBA Earth Interior47. What is the purpose of the talk?(A) To review what students know about volcanic activity.(B) To demonstrate the use of a new measurement device.(C) To explain the answer to an examination question.(D) To provide background for the next reading assignment.48.What important discovery about seismic waves does the instructor mention?(A) They occur at regular intervals.(B) They can withstand great heat.(C) They travel through the earth's interior.(D) They can record the earth's internal temperature.49. What did the study of seismic vibrations help geologist learn more about?(A) When the Earth was formed.(B) The composition of the Earth's interior.(C) Why lava is hot.(D) How often a volcano is likely to erupt.50. What did P and S waves help scientist discover about the layers of the earth?(A) How deep they are.(B) Where earthquakes form.(C) How hot they are.(D) What purpose they serve.3193---16-20(16) Part C--I-06-1 / Q38-42 /BCDAD Effect of V oice Quality38. What is the main point the professor makes?(A) Content of speech is more important than tone of voice.(B) V oice quality has a strong effect on listeners.(C) Effective speakers must use visual aids.(D) Amplifying devices are essential in large rooms.39. According to the professor, what can a speaker do to keep an audience's attention?(A) Speak very loudly.(B) Ask questions frequently.(C) Vary tone, volume, and speed of speech.(D) Limit the speech to fifteen minutes.40. What recommendation does the speaker make about volume?(A) Always use a microphone.(B) Avoid large rooms.(C) Never vary the volume.(D) Not to shout.41. According to the professor, how can a speaker indicate that the topic is about to change?(A) By pausing.(B) By raising pitch.(C) By lowering register.(D) By pointing to a chart.42. What are the students going to use a tape recorder for?(A) To practice speaking slowly.(B) To record a voice from the television.(C) To play a speech by the professor.(D) To evaluate their own voices(17) / Part C--I-06-2 / bdac Postal43. What is the talk mainly about?(A) Overland transportation in the nineteenth century.(B) Historical aspects of mail delivery.(C) Vehicles currently in use by the postal service.(D) The invention of the railroad.44. According to the speaker, why was it a problem for mail carrier to take a ferry ?(A) Boats used on rivers were extremely crowded.(B) The current was too swift for boats to cross easily.(C) Bridges were too weak to carry the weight of a stagecoach.(D) Ferry service was infrequent.45. What does the expression “the age of iron horse” refer to?(A) The era during which the railroad was the dominant mode of transportation.(B) The time during which mail was delivered by horse.(C) The point at which airmail began to constitute the bulk of United States mail.(D) The time period covered in the museum exhibit.46. What can be found in the museums f collection?(A) Models of the first airplanes used for mail delivery.(B) Replicas of railway mail cars.(C) Historical stamps.(D) Engravings of nineteenth-century railroad scenes.(18) / Part C--I-06-3 / General thoughts of Astronomers47. According to the speaker, what do people often think about astronomers?(A) They spend most of their time looking through telescopes.(B) They are constantly analyzing data.(C) They often live near observatories.(D) They devote a lot of time to theoretical problems.48. What is one advantage of photographing the skies?(A) The cost of equipment needed is reduced.(B) Fewer data need to be analyzed.(C) The Images can be studied by different astronomers.(D) The natural colors of astronomical objects can be captured.49. Why do astronomers often use photographic plates?(A) To decrease the time it takes to photograph objects.(B) To avoid using a telescope.(C) To sharpen the color of what they observe.(D) To obtain images of distant objects.50. What is one reason astronomers make long time exposures?(A) To spend less time at their telescopes.(B) To overcome the problem of weak light.(C) To take more photographs.(D) To photograph astronomical objects without using a telescope.(19) / Part C--I-07-1 / CCDA Lab Textbook Instruction39. What is the instructor describing?(A) The layout of the laboratory.(B) A laboratory experiment.(C) The workbook for the laboratory course.(D) A piece of equipment.40. What is the instructor’s main point?(A) Homework must be handed in on time.(B) The students must follow all instructions exactly.(C) The students will be able to make choices about the laboratory work.(D) A great deal of equipment is available.41. How are the activities different from the experiments?(A) The activities are to be done during class.(B) The activities take less time.(C) No equipment is needed for the activities.(D) Few instructions are given for the activities.42. When would this talk be given?(A) At the beginning of the semester.(B) When the students need to be motivated.(C) After the first laboratory session.(D) When the students have done good work.(20) Part C--I-07-2 / DBCAA Advice on Sleep Problem43. What is the purpose of the broadcast?(A) To make recommendations on sensible dieting.(B) To report the latest advances in physical therapy.(C) To relate an experiment combining sleep and exercise.(D) To offer advice about sleeping problems.(D) --9108-version--To advise on ways of dealing with sleep difficulties.44. According to the speaker, what happens when you toss and turns to get comfortable?(A) Your heart rate is lowered.(B) It becomes harder to relax.(C) You become too tired to sleep.(D) Sleep rhythms are disrupted.45. According to the speaker, what sometimes causes people to have trouble sleeping?(A) Failure to rest during the day.(B) Lack of sleep on weekends.(C) Vigorous exercise in the evening.(D) Eating cheese before going to bed.46. What does the speaker say about sleeping bills?(A) They might eventually cause you to lose sleep.(B) They help produce a neurotransmitter in the brain.(C) You must not drink milk if you take them.(D) They make it unnecessary to take naps.Version Q50. Where is the talk most probably being given?(A) At a radio station.(B) In a lecture hall.(C) In a biology lab.(D) At the doctor's office.——————————————[8月6日更新]—————————————93---21-25(21) Part C--I-07-3 /CBCA47. How did the automobile affect the workforce in the 1950s and 1960s?(A)It allowed workers to spend more time at home.(B) It gave workers opportunity for better training.(C) It allowed workers to live far from their jobs.(D) It eliminated many factory jobs.48. What problem did downtown city merchants face in the 1960s?(A) The lack of a qualified sales force.(B) A decline in the number of customers.(C) Difficulty in transporting merchandise.(D) Increased transportation costs.49. According to the speaker, why are some people moving back to the city?(A) Job opportunities are better there.(B) Prices are lower in downtown stores.(C) Highway commuting has become unpleasant.(D) Property is more valuable in the cities.50. What assignment does the professor give the discussion groups?(A) Suggest methods for reducing dependence on the automobile.(B) Evaluate ways to improve the economy of downtown areas.(C) Identify automobile designs that cause less pollution.(D) Chart population shifts from 1950to the present.(22) Part C--I-08-1 /BBAA39. What is the talk mainly about?(A) Fire fighting.(B) Pest control.(C) House construction.(D) Plastic watches.40. According to the speaker, what makes the new system better than other treatment?(A) It is cheaper.(B) It is safer.(C) It is quicker.(D) It is available everywhere.41. Why are the houses covered with tents?(A) To keep the heat inside.(B) To prevent insects from escaping.(C) To reduce the risk of fire.(D) To keep the wood dry.42. Why does the speaker mention that construction wood is dried by heat?(A) To show that there is no danger from the treatment.(B) To show one of the dangers of the old method.(C) To explain one step in the new technique.(D) To explain a compromise between old and new systems.(23)Part C--I-08-2 / DBCA43. What does the speaker mainly discuss?(A) A recent textbook assignment.(B) Requirements for the final examination.(C) Choosing research topics.(D) Preparing an outline for a paper.44. When will conference be held?(A) Immediately.(B) The following week.(C) In two weeks.(D) At the end of the semester.45. What is the purpose of the conference?(A) To present final papers.(B) To give a model of outline style.(C) To discuss the preliminary outline.(D) To discuss final grades.46. According to the speaker, how should the outline begin?(A) With a thesis statement.(B) With a list of references.(C) With a summary of the conference.(D) With the student’s name.(24)Part C--I-08-3 / CCBA47. What is the main purpose of the talk?(A) To compare several artistic styles.(B) To analyze American regionalism.(C) To discuss the development of an artist’s work.(D) To evaluate European influences on North American artists.48. What had an importance effect on Wood’s early art?(A) His study of photography.(B) His work as a farmer.(C) His travel to Europe.(D) His background as a writer.49. What would be most likely to appear in a painting by Wood?(A) A skyscraper.(B) A farmhouse.(C) A cathedral.(D) An airplane.50. According to the speaker, how did Wood try to encourage Mid-Western art?(A) By founding an art school there.(B) By donating money to local artists.(C) By studying the work of artists there.(D) By applying European styles to Midwestern subjects.(25) Part C--I-09-1 / DBDA38. What was in pattern books?(A) Advice about landscaping.(B) Hints about saving to buy a house.(C) Photographs of the homes of famous people.(D) Plans for houses.39. What course would this talk be most appropriate for?(A) Nineteenth-century American painting.(B) American architectural history.(C) Introduction to economics.(D) Eighteenth-century American society.40. According to the speaker, why were pattern books so popular?(A) There was a shortage of architects.(B) They included plans for elaborate houses.(C) Builders could not work without one.(D) They were relatively inexpensive.41. According to the speaker, who uses pattern books today?(A) People who restore old houses.(B) People who sell houses.(C) People who design new houses.(D) People who want to buy a house.——————————————[8月13日更新]—————————————93---26-30(26) Part C--I-09-2 / BACDC42. Why was the student in British Columbia?(A) To study its geography.(B) To help at an archaeological dig.(C) To take a vacation with friends.(D) To do research for a physics project.43. What did the student find so unusual about the rainbow he saw?(A) Its shape.(B) Its size.(C) Its location.(D) Its brightness.44. What was inside the large circle?(A) Smaller circles.(B) Bands of color.(C) A large white disc.(D) Curved legs of light.45. What did the cook say about the phenomenon the student had seen?(A) It had never been seen before.(B) It was in the student’s imagination.(C) It would stay there for days.(D) It would fairly common46. What did the cook call the phenomenon?(A) A halo.(B) A sunspot.(C) A sundog.(D) A rainbow.(27) Part C--I-09-3 /DBAB47. For whom is the talk intended?(A) Nursing students.(B) Undergraduate college students.(C) The graduating class at a medical school.(D) First-year medical students.48. What would be a successful result of the program being described?(A) More people would apply to medical school.(B) Understaffed areas would gain more physicians.(C) Students would finish medical school in three years.(D) More students would enter specially areas.49. What benefit does the program offer to participate?(A) Practical experience.(B) Extra income.(C) Course credit.(D) Tuition reduction.50. A, what is one disadvantage of rural medicines?(A) It’s difficult to get to know one’s patients.(B) Income tends to be relatively low.(C) It’s difficult to gain the respect of the community.(D) There is very little business for specialists.(28) Part--I-10-1 /CBAB38. What is the purpose of the talk?(A) To review material that will be on a test.(B) To introduce a new professor.(C) To explain changes in the schedule.(D) To describe the contents of a paper.39. At what time semester does this talk take place?(A) At the beginning.(B) In the middle.(C) One week before the end.(D) At the end.40. What does professor agree to do?(A) Administer an examination.(B) Present a conference paper.(C) Explain next week's schedule.(D) Take attendance in class.41. What will occur at next Wednesday class?(A) A regular class will be given.(B) An optional review class will be given.(C) An exam will be given.(D) Class will be canceled.(29) Part C--I-10-2 / DABCA42. What is the main subject of this talk?(A) Rock formations in the Nevada desert.(B) Graduate studies in anthropology.(C) Excavation techniques used in archaeology.(D) Prehistoric desert people of Nevada.43. What point does the speaker make about the prehistoric people of the Nevada desert?(A) They planned their migrations.(B) They didn't travel far from their base camps.(C) They hid from their enemies in caves.(D) They planned seeds near their camps.44. Why didn’t people live in the cave described by the speaker?(A) They had trouble finding it.(B) Lack of light made it impossible.(C) It was too small for a group to fit into.(D) Items stored by others took upmost of the space.45. What have archaeologists found in the cave?(A) Prehistoric desert people.。