2012秋冬学期离线作业(第2次)
02 2012春 中大网院 大学英语三第二次作业 答案
2012年春季大学英语三第二次作业一、交际英语（每题3分，共30分）1、- Good-bye for now.- _________A：The same to you.B：That's OK.C：See you.D：Long time no see.答案：C2、- How do I get to the cinema?- _________A：It's very far.B：Yes, there is a cinema near here.C：It's well known.D：Go down this street and turn left.答案：D3、--What does your father do?-- ___________.A：He is cleaning the streetB：He is fortyC：He is a farmerD：He is all right答案：C4、- Is it possible for you to work late tonight?- _______A：I like it.B：I'll do that.C：I'd love to.D：I think so.答案：D5、-- May I use your bike for a moment?-- ________A：It's well.B：It doesn't matter.C：By all means.D：I have no idea.答案：C6、-- How are you today?--___________, thank you.A：FineB：GoodC：NiceD：Great答案：A7、--Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office?-- _____________.A：You can't miss itB：I don't knowC：No, I can'tD：Sorry, but I am a stranger here myself答案：D8、- _______- You too!A：Merry Christmas!B：What a beautiful day!C：Help yourself!D：It's very kind of you!答案：A9、-- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. -- ________A：Yes, I beat the others.B：No, no, I didn't do it well.C：Thank you.D：It's a pleasure.答案：C10、- Do you mind my smoking here?- _______A：No, thanks.B：Yes, I do.C：Yes. I'd rather not.D：Good idea.答案：B二、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）1、My Aunt Edith was a widow of 50, working as a secretary, when doctors discovered what was then thought to be a very serious heart disease.Aunt Edith didn't accept defeat easily. She began studying medical reports in the library and found an article in a magazine about a well-known heart surgeon, Dr. Michael DeBakey, of Houston, Texas. He had saved the life of someone with the same disease. The article said his fees were very high; Aunt Edith couldn't possibly pay them. But could he tell her of someone whose fees she could pay?So Aunt Edith wrote to him. She simply listed her reasons for wanting to live: her three children, who would be on their own in three or four more years; her little-girl dream of traveling and seeing the world. There wasn't a word of self-pity－only warmth and humor and the joy of living. She mailed the letter, not really expecting an answer.A few days later, my doorbell rang. Aunt Edith didn't wait to come in; she stood in the hall and read aloud:Your beautiful letter moved me very deeply. If you can come to Houston, there will be no charge for either the hospital or the operation.Signed :Michael DeBakey (1)、Aunt Edith stopped working as a secretary when she knew she had a very serious heart disease.A：TB：F答案：B(2)、From the story we can see Aunt Edith accepted defeat easily.A：TB：F答案：B(3)、In Aunt Edith's letter to the doctor, she showed she was warm, humorous and enjoying living. A：TB：F答案：A(4)、When Aunt Edith mailed her letter, she didn't expect the doctor would give her a reply.A：TB：F答案：A(5)、Michael DeBakey mainly told Aunt Edith in the letter that her disease was so serious that he couldn't cure her.A：TB：F答案：B2、The mass media influences all aspects of our lives, including the learning of gender roles. Newspapers and magazines, television, and film all have an influence on how we view the roles of women and men and on how we think they should behave.Four decades ago, traditional women’s magazines such as Good Housekeeping and Family Circle talked to women as though they were children who needed to learn the basics of how to care for their families. Today, magazines do not do this. However, they still tend to define the female role in terms of homemaking and motherhood, and to offer beauty advice to help women attract men and please husbands. There are now a few less traditional magazines such as Ms. that show women in a range of roles and that cover a much wider range of topics.Television commercials have also, until recently, presented women primarily as sex objects and as housewives. Young sexy women were shown admiring older men who smoked a particular cigarette brand. Housewives were shown smiling joyfully about their clean bathrooms, or looking guilty for not using the right laundry soap to wash their husband’s clothes. These days advertisers are more careful about the way they present women, and they are presented in a variety of roles. However, it is still quite common to see advertisements where beautiful young women are dressed in sexy clothes to sell cars or other products. One study also found that the changes are mainly on nighttime television, with daytime commercials still tending to portray women doing household chores.Prime-time television programs also often used to stereotype women. In past decades, women were usually portrayed as lovers, as mothers, or as weak, passive girlfriends of powerful, effective men. Today’s TV programs are somewhat different. Women are more likely to be presented as successful and able to support themselves and their families, but the traditional stereotypes of women are still there. Even when women are depicted as career women, the storylines suggest that they should be sexy as well.1. The best title for this passage is _________________.A. Gender Roles in the MediaB. Influence of Mass Media in Our LivesC. Different Types of MediaD Women’s Magazines and Televisions答案：A2. What makes Ms. different from other women’s magazines?A. Ms. offers women tips of caring for their families.B. Ms. treats women as adults who need to learn about being a mother.C. Ms. is interested in a wider range of women’s role.D. Ms. is the type of women’s magazines that dominates now.答案：C3. It can be inferred that ____________ might be a new type of women image on the television commercials.A. young beautiful women dressed in sexy clothesB. happy mothers doing the household choresC. guilty wives who don’t use the right soapD. career women who enjoys her career success答案：D4. From the context we know “to stereotype women”(Line 1, Paragraph 4) refers to ______________.A. to tag on women some fixed roles and imagesB. to portray women in some different waysC. to depict women as successful and able to support themselvesD. to portray women as successful professionals答案：A5. Which of the following statement do you think the writer would least agree with in terms of the media’s attitude towards women?A. The mass media always presents to us a variety of women images as they are in daily life.B. The mass media focuses women’s roles in life as a mother more than as a professional.C. The way mass media define women has changed as time goes by.D. The limited images of women mass media presented to the audience through mass mediahave influenced the way the audience think and behave.答案：A3、After retiring from 30 years of teaching, Ethell Pepper could easily have decided to sit back and relax and enjoy a peaceful retirement. But that kind of life is not for Ethell Pepper. "I just wanted to do something different. If you are going to participate in life, do it. Don't just sit down and look out of the window." She says. At 68, she decided to become one of the pioneer participants in a program at the University of California. The program offers campus housing and classes to people over sixty. She enrolled in a class called Human Relationships and a Diverse Society. "I taught my minority students in my English and drama classes in high school for 20 years. But in this course, I found out a lot about other cultures that I didn't know then. One of the more important lessons that I'm learning is to perceive, not to judge." Older adults can add to the educational resources of university by bringing with them a lot of valuable experience. Their presence on campus helps break some long believes on aging. Young students may have fears of growing older. But that kind of fear can be reduced as they see that older people can be active, healthy, and continue to contribute to society. The younger students can begin to see aging as a natural part of living.(1)、Ethell entered university when she was 68.A：TB：F答案：A(2)、Ethell has been teaching minority students for 20 years.A：TB：F答案：A(3)、Ethell enjoyed staying with young people.A：TB：F答案：B(4)、Elderly people bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.A：TB：F答案：A(5)、Ethell is learning how to teach minority students.A：TB：F答案：B4、Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person's conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing." Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true." It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shynessgoes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths.Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let's not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.(1)、What does the author try to prove by citing "what kind of impression am I making?" (Para.1)__________A：Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.B：People's shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.C：It's natural that shy people don't believe other's compliments.D：Shy people think they are different from others.答案：B(2)、According to the writer, self-awareness is __________.A：a good qualityB：the cause of unhappinessC：harmful to peopleD：a weak point of shy people答案：A(3)、That shy people react to a compliment in such a way is ___________.A：goodB：unrealC：very reasonableD：harmful答案：B(4)、Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? _________A：Shyness helps us to develop our potentialB：Shyness enables us to understand ourselves betterC：Shyness can block our chances for a rich lifeD：Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem答案：C(5)、It can be inferred from the passage that shy people ________.A：should find more of their weaknessB：should understand themselves in the right wayC：had better ignore their weaknessD：can get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem答案：B三、词汇与语法（每题2分，共20分）1、Never get off the bus ______it has stopped.A：ifB：as soon asC：untilD：or答案：C2、The company is going through a ________ time at the moment.A. roughB. tightC. toughD. strong答案：C3、Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A：has finishedB：has been finishedC：have finishedD：have been finished答案：B4、She has two best friends. ____________ of them is in the country.A. AllB. BothC. No oneD. Neither答案：D5、- It's a good idea. But who's going to_________ the plan?- I think John and Peter will.A：carry outB：get throughC：take inD：set aside答案：A6、Today’s weather is _________ worse than yesterday’s.A. veryB. muchC. very muchD. much too答案：B7、In order to _______ your goals, you must work hard.A：makeB：achieveC：requireD：develop答案：B8、I don't know why she avoids ______ her opinion on the subject.A：to giveB：to be givenC：givingD：being given答案：C9、You’d better phone home right now, ___________ your parents will start to worry.A. otherwiseB. howeverC. despiteD. therefore答案：A10、Mike is better than Peter ____ swimming．A：forB：atC：onD：in答案：B四、完型填空（每题2分，共10分）Fire can help people in many ways. Fire can heat water, 1 your house, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things too. Nobody knows 2 people began to use fire. One story from Australia tells about a man a very long time ago. He went up to the sun by a rope and brought fire down.Today people know how to 3 a fire with matches. Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous.Fire kills people every year. So you must be careful about matches. You should also learn to 4 fires. Fires need oxygen. Without oxygen they die. There is oxygen in the air. Cover a fire with water, sand, or in an emergency, with your coat or a blanket. This keeps the air 5 a fire and kills it.Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it might hurt you. (1)、A：makeB：warm C：how D：put out E：from 答案：B (2)、A：make B：warm C：how D：put out E：from 答案：C (3)、A：make B：warm C：how D：put out E：from 答案：A (4)、A：make B：warm C：how D：put out E：from 答案：D (5)、A：make B：warm C：how D：put out E：from 答案：E。
2012-2013年第二学期工科研究生数理统计课课外作业
研究生“数理统计”课程课外作业姓名：学号：学院：专业：类别：上课时间：成绩：紫红薯糖蛋白提取工艺的优化——正交设计与方差分析法的应用摘要：采用超声波辅助法提取紫红薯中的糖蛋白。
选取超声功率、料液比、提取数量、超声时间四个因素进行L9(34)正交试验，对正交试验结果进行极差分析、方差分析及配对比较。
试验结果表明：影响紫红薯糖蛋白提取得率的主要因素按显著性排序，依次是提取数量、料液比、超声功率、超声时间。
方差分析显示，提取次数、料液比、超声功率3个因素的影响都极显著，而超声时间不显著。
由极差分析和配对比较得出结论：超声功率150 W、料液比1:10、提取数量3次、超声时间20 min为紫红薯糖蛋白的最佳提取工艺参数。
关键词：正交方差分析糖蛋白超声波辅助法提取得率1 问题提出及分析紫红薯中的糖蛋白是一类糖类同多肽或蛋白质以共价键连接而形成的结合蛋白[1]，在生物体内以不同形式存在而发挥作用，是细胞膜、细胞间基质、血浆、粘液、激素等重要组成成分[2, 3]，糖蛋白及其复合物具有如抗氧化、免疫调节作用、体外抗肿瘤活性、抗糖尿病活性等多方面的生物活性，因此开发紫红薯糖蛋白具有重要的意义。
而紫红薯糖蛋白的提取受到多方面因素的影响，因此必须对影响因素进行分析并找到紫红薯糖蛋白提取工艺优化条件。
2 数据描述本文援引罗秋水等[4]的研究数据，阐述正交设计及方差分析法在提取紫红薯糖蛋白工艺研究方面的应用。
表1为紫红薯糖蛋白提取影响因素。
表2为紫红薯糖蛋白提取试验的正交设计试验结果。
表1正交试验因素水平表水平A（超声功率/W）B（料液比）C（提取数量/次）D（超声时间/min）1 120 1:8 1 202 135 1:10 2 303 150 1:12 3 40表2 正交设计及试验结果编号因素提取得率/%A （超声功率/W ）B （料液比）C （提取数量/次）D （超声时间/min ） 正交 1 1（120）1（1:8） 1（1） 1（20） 0.1504 0.1411 2 1 2（1:10） 2（2） 2（30） 0.2258 0.2310 3 1 3（1:12）3（3） 3（40） 0.3603 0.3923 4 2（135）1 2 3 0.1815 0.1791 5 2 2 3 1 0.4428 0.4406 6 2 3 1 2 0.2863 0.2794 7 3（150）1 32 0.3428 0.3469 83 2 1 3 0.3308 0.3495 933210.30410.29803 模型建立3.1 建立正交设计方案根据表1中的正交试验因素及其水平，采用软件SPSS 生成正交设计。
2012年公需课作业(2)
2012年知识更新公需课作业及学习说明二、公需课作业要求1、每段视频的的最后有课后思考题，仅作为学习参考，不作为本年度作业。
2、作业以word文档的形式随专业课一同提交，时间为5月18日至6月1日。
规定时间内请登录个人学习平台后点击“提交作业”，按照网站提示提交。
3、各级别学员均应学习全部四讲视频课程，并做完全部作业题目。
关于2012年公需课作业调整的通知各位学员，2012年公需课作业调整为：1、简述TRIZ理论的定义、核心思想、主要内容和体系架构。
学习本门课程有哪些好处？2、资源有哪些类型？请为信息资源和能源资源举例。
3、每逢下大雪，机场需要用强力鼓风机来清除跑道上的积雪。
如果在积雪很厚的情况下，强力鼓风机往往也不能有效地清除积雪，这里的技术矛盾是什么？4、请用技术系统完备性法则解释帆船运输系统。
2、资源有哪些类型？请为信息资源和能源资源举例。
资源类型：物质资源、能量资源、信息资源、空间资源、时间资源、功能资源、系统资源。
TRIZ将资源分为2类：现成资源、派生资源。
信息资源分为：现成的信息资源和派生的信息资源。
现成的信息资源举例：1、在接通或关闭输电线路时，产生强大的电磁脉冲，可以利用它们，在寻找矿藏时进行深度探测。
2、藏医通过脉搏跳动可以诊断近200种疾病。
3、加工厂根据加工时飞溅的火花可以判断出钢号和加工参数。
派生的信息资源举例：1、为了在难以接近的部位研究压力分布情况，可在所研究部位放入白色的复写纸，纸上又可显现出压力分布的情况。
2、为了解除飞行员的疲乏，建议在其腹部固定特殊电极，当飞机倾斜时产生弱电压，飞行员会感到倾斜方位的轻微刺痛感。
3、当结构中出现裂缝并不断扩大时，会产生轻微的声震动，专门的声装置能大范围的捕捉这种震动，通过计算机进行处理，高精度地评价缺陷特性及其对结构构成的危险。
能源资源分为：现成的能源资源，和派生的能源资源。
现成的能源举例：1、借助于深井水的热量融化永冻土。
2、为了喷雾人员行走时产生液压，把水泵固定在工作人员的靴子上。
2012秋欧洲入门文化在线作业答案
In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on_B___.A、new religionsB、rationalityC、allegorical interpretation of mythsD、the study of myths第2题(2.0) 分The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by _A_.A、the RomansB、the JewsC、the ChristiansD、the Muslims第3题(2.0) 分The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as ____B_____.A、beings with human emotions who lived above usB、beings with human emotions who lived among usC、dominating figures with super-physical powersD、dominating figures with super-natural influence第4题(2.0) 分In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths_C__.A、predominatedB、were dominantC、were interpreted allegoricallyD、were even more popularAccording to Greek mythology _A__, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A、something can be produced from nothingB、ancient Greece was a matriarchal societyC、communal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD、farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece第6题(2.0) 分The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from_A__.A、the Latin textB、the Greek textC、the Hebrew textD、the French text第7题(2.0) 分Mag na Carta in 1215 in England was a document that _D_.A、really weakened the power of the churchB、really weakened the power of the kingC、spoke for the common peopleD、spoke for the nobles第8题(2.0) 分Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology? DA、Written textsB、SculptureC、Painted ceramicsD、GuessworkThe 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to_D__.A、life and deathB、nature and cultureC、self and societyD、the content of the narratives第10题(2.0) 分The chief point of Gregorian reform was to _B__.A、end the power of emperorsB、make the church completely independent from the emperorsC、force the priests to remain single throughout lifeD、allow the priests to marry第11题(2.0) 分Romanesque style appeared_. AA、earlier than Gothic styleB、later than Gothic styleC、higher and lighterD、more mysterious第12题(2.0) 分A gospel in the New Testament _A_.A、is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayingsB、is a biography of heroesC、is an autobiographyD、is a biography of divine figuresThe Romans began to represent their gods in human form _D__.A、before the 6th century BCB、before coming into contact with Greek cultureC、after conquering GreeceD、after coming into contact with foreign culture第14题(2.0) 分Myths__C__.A、are all religiousB、all explain the interaction of divine and human worldsC、explain the origin of man and natureD、are all ture第15题(2.0) 分According to Greek myths about creation, _D___was the foundation of all things.A、ZeusB、JupiterC、CronusD、Chaos第16题(2.0) 分The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for _D__.A、12 is a lucky numberB、they were the only apostles Jesus hadC、they were the only apostles Jesus could selectD、Israel was made up of 12 tribesEarly Romans regarded their gods as__.CA、personsB、powers as well as personsC、powersD、powerful persons第18题(2.0) 分The ancient Greeks_B__.A、learned myths from RomeB、firmly believed myths to be trueC、wrote many mythsD、learned myths from China第19题(2.0) 分Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they _B__.A、lived about three centuries before Christ was bornB、created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythologyC、introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman cultureD、introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture第20题(2.0) 分Jews in the cities were good at_A_.A、doing businessB、borrowing moneyC、craftsmanshipD、farming判断题第21题(2.0) 分In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. 错误第22题(2.0) 分The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. 错误第23题(2.0) 分According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. 错误第24题(2.0) 分Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire.错误第25题(2.0) 分Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. 错误第26题(2.0) 分Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. 错误第27题(2.0) 分Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples. 错误第28题(2.0) 分People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time. 错误第29题(2.0) 分In the Christian view, saints were immortal. 错误第30题(2.0) 分The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. 错误第31题(2.0) 分All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. 错误第32题(2.0) 分The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior. 错误第33题(2.0) 分In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. 错误第34题(2.0) 分The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history. 正确第35题(2.0) 分Jesus lived in the early 1st century. 正确第36题(2.0) 分The Byzantine Empire lost huge portions of territory to the Persians. 错误第37题(2.0) 分The Merovingians were infamous for being foreigners. 错误第38题(2.0) 分By 750 the Muslims had subdued Turkey. 错误第39题(2.0) 分The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws. 正确第40题(2.0) 分Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. 正确第41题(2.0) 分The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. 错误第42题(2.0) 分The term Middle Ages was invented by people today. 错误第43题(2.0) 分The West featured unproductive land. 正确第44题(2.0) 分In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages. 正确第45题(2.0) 分The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. 正确第46题(2.0) 分Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. 错误第47题(2.0) 分Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name. 正确第48题(2.0) 分There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages. 正确第49题(2.0) 分Participants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece. 错误第50题(2.0) 分Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea. 错误[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
【VIP专享】本科2011-2012(2)学期科技文献检索考核作业定稿20120427
6月4日前完成《科技文献检索》课作业（2011-2012年第二学期考核要求）2. 课题的准备（1）课题题目的确定利用中文期刊论文全文数据库，通过对已知概念或主题或关键词等的检索来确定一个与你所学专业相关且你感兴趣的课题题目。
答：回归方程与数学模型在经济学中的应用（思源班）（2）课题文摘的撰写通过对课题背景资料的了解和对已确定课题的主题分析，根据课题研究内容写出课题所属领域、背景、拟解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案等相关技术内容即文摘（300字）。
答:数学作为一门基础学科，它的发展与经济学的发展有着密切的关系。
数学方法的运用是现代经济学的主要特征之一。
而经济学作为一门理论与实践结合性极强的学科，它在理论研究领域对数学模型的使用显示出了数学模型的优势。
同时数学模型的使用可以为经济学理论的实践提供更好的帮助,使经济研究更加精密准确,实用性更强。
本文从数学与经济学的关系出发,介绍了数学经济模型的定义及其重要性,讨论了经济数学模型建立的一般步骤,并且用具体的数学工具——回归方程来表现如何将数学建模思想跨入到经济学中,加深对数学学科实用性强的理解，最后更深入地探讨“跨学科研究”这一方法给高等教育带来的影响和启示，同时也体现了各学科相互渗透、相互交叉的巨大意义。
（3）列出你选定课题的中、外文检索词各10个以上。
示例：中文检索词：A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H……英文检索词：K,L,M,……中文检索词：数学，经济，经济学，回归方程，模型，金融，数学模型，工业，农业，工程英文检索词：mathematics, economy，economics, regression equation, mathematical model, model, financial, finance,industry，engineering（4）根据课题需求，分别写出中、外文检索式各3个。
(请用逻辑运算符根据课题需求准确表达你的检索意愿)。
2011、2012级高中信息技术教师培训第二次作业
1.教学与教学设计其实，每位教师在日常教学工作中都扮演着教学设计者的角色。
作为一堂有计划的课，其目标在于对某一具体教学内容做有准备的分析，且教师根据自己对学生特征的了解来采纳这些分析。
每个教师都要对所用的教学方法或多或少地作出一定的安排。
一个有经验的、以学生为导向的教师会把教什么和怎么教融入意义丰富的境脉！从理论上讲，教学设计是为了达到最优化的教学效果，采用新课程理念和系统化方法，分析教学内容，确定教学目标，设计教学过程、教学策略和评价方法。
1．教学设计的历史与发展教学设计作为教育技术领域的一个独立学科出现于20世纪60年代的美国。
教育技术是研究教学过程和学习资源的设计、开发、利用、管理和评价。
教学设计主要研究教学过程和教学资源的设计与评价。
教学设计分为两大流派：以教为中心和以学为中心。
2,以“学”为中心二十世纪50年代，随着建构主义学习理论的产生与发展，以“学”为中心的教学设计思想逐渐形成。
建构主义学习理论强调以学生为中心，不仅要求学生由外部刺激的被动的接受者和知识的灌输对象变为信息加工的主体、知识意义的主动建构者，还要求教师从知识的传授者、灌输者转换为学生主动建构的帮助者、促进者。
它的特点：●强调以“学”为中心●强调“情境”对意义建构的重要作用●强调“协作学习”对意义建构的关键作用●强调对学习环境的设计●强调利用各种信息资源来支持“学”●强调学习过程的最终目的是完成意义建构3.以“学”为中心的教学设计方法和步骤：（1）教学目标分析，确定所学习“主题”。
（2）情境创设：创设与主题相关的、尽可能真实的情境。
（3）信息资源设计：确定学习本主题需要的各类信息资源及其作用，从何处获取以及如何应用。
（4）自主学习设计：即设计教学方法，如“支架式”“抛锚式”“随机进入式”。
（5）协作学习环境设计：在个人自主学习的基础上开展小组讨论和协商。
（6）学习效果评价设计：自主学习能力的评价，协作学习过程中的贡献评价，是否达到意义建构的要求。
2012年秋冬第8次作业 -英语离线答案
翻译: 请将下列五句英文分别翻译成中文。
1.In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.在这个物质财富充裕的时代，我们感到精神上的饥渴。
2.In many factories, an assembly line is used to speed up the efficiency of theworkforce.许多工厂采用装配线来提高生产效率。
3.In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到。
ptop computers are popular all over the world and give people easy access tothe Internet. 手提电脑在全世界都十分普及，为人们提供便利上网的途径。
5.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious, excessively (过度) concerned withtheir own appearance and actions.6.翻译: 请将下列五句英文分别翻译成中文。
1. Some people take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in thetown, with its cinemas, shops, dance halls and restaurants.7.有些人对乡村事物不感兴趣。
对他们来说，快乐存在于城镇及其电影院、商店、舞厅、餐厅等场所。
2. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for walk.8.过会儿，就是我的朋友带着杰克去散步的时间了。
3. To mark students' test papers, a checking machine is used.为判学生的试卷使用了判卷机。
2012级专升本经管类第二学期作业题doc
《西方经济学》自学作业题第一章习题一：1题第二章习题二：1题、5题第三章习题三：1题、11题第四章习题四：1题第五章习题五：7题、8题第六章习题六：1题第七章习题七：1题第八章习题八：1题、5题第九章习题九：1题、7题第十一章习题十一：1题、2题、5题第十二章习题十二：1题、4题第十三章习题十三：1题第十四章习题十四：1题、2题第十五章习题十五：1题第十六章习题十六：1题、6题第十八章习题十八：1题、6题第十九章习题十九：1题、3题《管理会计》自学作业题第一章一、简述管理会计与财务会计的区别和联系？第二章一、以下是某公司的成本费用项目：（1）商品的购买成本；（2）广告费；（3）组装部门工人的工资；（4）销售人员的工资；（5）生产设备的电费；（6）应付票据的利息；（7）营销部门的店门租金。
要求：将以上项目区分为产品成本和期间费用。
二、以下是某公司的成本费用项目：（1）研究开发费；（2）保险费；（3）直接人工成本；（4）直接材料成本；（5）销售经理工资；（6）外请顾问咨询费；（7）设备折旧费；要求：指出以上各项目哪些属于变动成本？哪些固定成本？三、航空公司往往会由于飞机航班客座不满而影响经济效益。
为了提高客座利用率，ABC航空公司采用了许多不同的经营策略。
其中一种方法是如果乘客对于乘坐飞机的时间没有具体的要求，在某一段时间的任何一个时点内都是可以接受的，航空公司往往采用预约登记、临时安排、价格优惠的策略来吸引顾客。
因为乘客只要求在一个时间内给予安排，而在该时间内的具体时间和班次可由航空公司具体安排，因而ABC航空公司计划通过该方式掌握一部分灵活的客源，可以利用这部分客源对各航班的乘客人数进行合理调节。
当某一航班的客座不满时，就可根据这些乘客的预约，适当安排乘客乘机，从而使各航班尽量达到满座，提高客座利用率。
要求：用成本性态分析的原理对ABC航空公司上述的经营决策进行分析，并列举在生活中关于该原理的类似应用。
2012年秋川大锦城学院逻辑学基础课程作业二参考答案
2012年秋川大锦城学院逻辑学基础课程作业二参考答案一、写出与下列判断的负判断相等值的判断，并写出所依据的等值公式。
1、如果不及时转产，那么这个企业不仅要亏损而且还面临倒闭。
解：原判断形式为p→q∧r，根据﹁（p→q∧r）≡p∧﹁(q∧r)≡p∧(﹁q∨﹁r)，所求判断为“虽然不及时转产，但是，或者这个企业不会亏损或者不会面临倒闭。
”2、或者王老师没有讲清楚，或者有的同学听错了。
解：原判断形式为p∨q，根据﹁（p∨q）≡﹁p∧﹁q，所求判断为“王老师讲清楚了，并且所有的同学都没有听错。
”3、除非此人不搞经济工作，否则他会出差错。
解：原判断形式为p←q，根据﹁（p←q）≡﹁p∧q，所求判断为“此人搞经济工作，并且，他不会出差错。
”二、写出与下列判断逻辑等值的另外三个假言判断，并写出所依据等值式：1、只有坚持互惠互利的原则，才能受到顾客的欢迎。
解：原判断形式为p←q，根据p←q≡q→p，所求判断为“如果要受到顾客的欢迎，那么就要坚持互惠互利的原则。
”根据p←q≡﹁p→﹁q，所求判断“如果不坚持互惠互利的原则，就不能受到顾客的欢迎。
”根据p←q≡﹁q←﹁p，所求判断为“只有不受到顾客的欢迎，才不坚持互惠互利的原则。
”2、如果发生责任事故，那么这个企业的管理制度不完善。
解：原判断形式为p→q，根据p→q≡q←p，所求判断“只有这个企业的管理制度不完善，才会发生责任事故。
”根据p→q≡﹁p←﹁q，所求判断“只有不发生责任事故，这个企业的管理制度才完善。
”根据p→q≡﹁q→﹁p，所求判断“如果这个企业的管理制度完善，就不会发生责任事故。
”1。
大工14春《全面预算管理》离线作业答案后附
网络教育学院《全面预算管理》离线作业题目：题目五学习中心：层次：专升本专业：会计学年级： 2012年秋季学号：学生：辅导教师：陈明完成日期： 2014 年6月27日大工14春《全面预算管理》离线大作业题目五：简述选择全面预算管理信息化软件要考虑的事项。
从软件本身出发要注意什么？从使用者出发又要注意什么？答：选择全面预算管理信息化软件从软件本身出发要注意：1. 软件是否具备多维性分析和财务智能性2. 软件是否是否与预期目标吻合3. 软件是否功能是否满足企业目前需要5. 平台是否满足企业个性化需求6. 软件是否具备易用性和通用性特点7. 软件是否支持在多种主流服务器和操作系统平台上运行8. 考虑软件其他方面，如成功应用案例，在软件行业内的口碑，以及该软件企业的技术和资金力量和售后服务等方面。
选择全面预算管理信息化软件，从使用者本身出发要充分发挥全面预算的作用，有两点要注意：一是预算应尽可能编制得比较详细，只有细致的预算才有可能更符合企业的实际；二是预算必须能够随经营环境的变化进行动态的滚动调整。
学习心得全面预算管理已逐渐演化成为企业治理的一项重要制度安排和途径，对建立现代企业制度、提高管理水平、增强市场竞争力有着十分重要的意义。
下面本人结合本课程理论和工作实践谈几点体会。
一、领导重视是发挥预算作用的前提董事会、总经理不仅要挂帅“全面预算管理”的授权、预算的审批等具体环节，而且要将全面预算管理作为企业的一项全面系统工程来加以重视。
预算管理工作要建立单位、部门行政主要负责人责任制。
开展全面预算管理是企业强化经营管理、增强竞争力、提高经济效益的一项长期任务，因此要将其作为加强内部基础管理的首要工作内容，要成立预算管理组织机构，确定预算管理的第一责任人为各单位、部门的行政主要负责人，切实加强领导，明确责任，落实措施。
二、必须推进资金预算管理资金预算管理是做好企业内部资源管理的重要环节。
三、全面预算的核心在于“全面”全面预算的全面性体现为全员性、全程性和全方位。
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2012秋冬学期离线作业（第2次）
8. 某县报告期和基期三种农产品收购资料如下，试分析收购价格变动对农民收入的影响。
农产品 单位 收购价（元） 报告期收购额（万元）
报告期 基期 报告期 基期
A 千斤 300 320 2400 2100
B 千斤 150 160 900 800
C 千斤 550 600 4800 3600
答：首先计算出物量指标。
产品 收购量（千斤） 收购价（元） 收购额（万元）
报告期 基期 报告期 基期 报告期 基期
A 80.000 65.625 300 320 2400 2100
B 60.000 50.000 150 160 900 800
C 87.273 60.000 550 600 4800 3600
首先从收购额可以分别计算出报告期和基期的收购量。计算收购价格的变动影响可以采用
拉氏和帕氏两种指数的方式。
拉氏物价指数：0001qpqp=92.6%
由于价格降低引起农民收入减少 65000-60187.5=4812.5
帕氏物价指数：1011qpqp=92.5%
由于价格降低引起农民收入减少 87563.8-81000.15=6563.65
9. 某企业基期和报告期的产量和销售单价分别如下表。
产品名称 单位 产量 销售单价
报告期 基期 报告期 基期
甲 件
5200 4500 400 300
乙 公斤
800 650 350 500
计算：（1）两种产品的综合产值指数；
（2）拉氏物价指数和帕氏物量指数；
（3）利用指数体系之间的关系，从绝对数和相对数两方面分析产量和价格的变动对
产值的影响。
解：(1）两种产品的综合产值指数=2360000/1675000=140.90%；
(2）两种分厂的拉氏物价指数=2027500/1675000=121.04%
帕氏物量指数=2360000/2027500=116.40%
从相对数分析：121.04%×116.40%=140.90%。
与基期相比，报告期的总产值增加了约40%，其中因物量的因素增加了约16%，
因物价的因素增加了约21%。
从绝对数方面分析：产量因素使总产值增加33.25万，而价格因素使总产值增加
35.25万。总产值增加了68.5万。
10. 什么是原假设？什么是备择假设？
原假设又称零假设，用H0表示，是指研究者想收集证据予以反对的假设。
备择假设用H1或H0表示，是指研究者想收集证据予以支持的假设，它与原假设陈述的内容相
反。
11. 某次多元回归得到一张不完全的方差分析表如下。
方差来源 离差方 自由度 平均离差 F值
回归
567
误差
13
总和
1259 17
1）请补充表中的有关数字；
2）说明回归方程中自变量的个数和观察值的组数；
3）说明回归方程在005.的条件下是否有效。
解：
1) SSE=692 K=4 MSTR=141.75 MSE=53.23 F=2.66
查表得到F*=3.15
2) 回归方程中自变量为4个。观察值的组数为18组。
3）在显著性水平为0.05的条件下拒绝原假设，即回归方程无效。