上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题参考答案
上海市黄浦区2020年高三英语高考二模卷(逐题详解版)
黄浦区2019-2020年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试高三英语（本试卷总分值140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question9. A. Students prefer living out of town.you have heard.1.A. In an art gallery.B. In a classroom.2.A. 5 weeks.B. 15 weeks.3.A. A Chinese restaurant.C. Gold Road.4.A. Egg.氏Fish.5.A. What the department library offers.C. What professional articles (he man needs.6.A. Have a job interview.C. Open the letter box.7.A. He will hand it in tomorrow.C. It's about a strike.8.A. Work with her colleagues.C. Stay alone in the office. C. In a railway station.D. In a ward.C. 20 weeks.D. 25 weeks.B.Bill's company.D. The Ground Theatre.C.Pork.D. Steak.B. Where the man can find what he wants.D.Where general books are available. B. Make an advertisement.D. Buy a copy of Daily Mail.B. It's a difficult job fbr him.D. He'll consult his friend about it.B. Make coffee for others.D. Socialize with her co-workers.B. It,s impossible to find an ideally located town.C. They have the flat (hat will satisfy the woman.D. He will make sure where the vacancies are.A. He often goes back home late for dinner.B.He shares some of the household duties.C.He dines out with friends from time to time.D.He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the necessarily age-related. I've been teaching undergraduates fbr my entire career and I can prove that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors — loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the required No. 2 pencil; they forget something I just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do.The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves2020.05about them. Twenty-year-olds don't think, “Oh dea r, this must be early-onset Alzheimer s（早老性痴呆症）.“They think, really need to get more than four hours of sleep.” The 70-ycar-olds observe these same events and worry about their brain health. This is to say that every error of short-term memory doesn't necessarily indicate a biological disorder.So how do we account fbr our subjective experience （hat older adults seem to search for words and names with difficulty? First, there is a generalized cognitive（iA& W） slowing with age but given a little more time, older adults perform just fine. Second, older adults have to search through more memories than younger adults to find the fact or piece of information they're looking fbr. Your brain becomes crowded with memories and infbnnation. It's not that you can't remember - you can - it's just that there is so much more information to sort through.第H卷（共40分）V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72.这位诗人的作品以天马行空而著称。
2020年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷解析版
高考英语二模试卷题号I II III IV V VI 总分得分一、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，共22.0分）ACalled "the man who shaped America" and "the father of modern industrial design" ， Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time． He revolutionized the industry， working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators， from cars to the interiors of spacecraft． Loewy's design all had one thing in common． They were shaped by the MAYA principle -Most Advanced Yet Acceptable． His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs．After a short period as a fashion illustrator， Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by re-designing a copying machine for the British manufacturer， Sigmund Gestetner． The 28-year-old designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years．The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining （流线型）． He described this as "beauty through function and simplification"． He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos to the interiors of stores． The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action．He is perhaps most famous for his re-design of the Lucky Strike packaging． In 1940 ， the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company， George Washington Hill， bet Loewy 美元50，000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike． Loewy accepted the challenge． He changed the background of the packet from green to white． Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet． This made itmore eye-catching and greatly increased sales． It is now recognized as a design classic． Loewy's logo design aimed at "Visual retention"． He wanted to make sure that anyone whosaw the logo， even for a short while， would never forget it． He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil ， Exxon， Greyhound and Nabisco．By the mid-20th century， his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say "the average person， leading a normal life…is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things， service or structure" designed by his firm．1. Loewy's biggest influence was in ______ ．A. completely changing the design industryB. successfully shaping Americans' tasteC. changing people's idea about designD. building a professional design team2. Loewy's designs were based on the idea of ______ ．A. providing most immediately recognizable designsB. providing completely different designsC. speeding up the design processD. offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems3. Loewy's logo designs aimed at ______ ．第1页，共16页A. making the companies well knownB. bringing freshness for a short whileC. attracting people to the companies' historyD. making company symbols very memorable4. What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______A. Loewy provided service to ordinary people．B. Loewy's designs were famous and influential．C. Loewy's design firms existed all over the world．D. Loewy was welcomed and respected by the public．BA familiar voice is just few digits away from you． Whether you prefer high-tech options or more traditional landlines， there are affordable way to call home when you travel abroad， even if you don't carry an internationally-capable cellphone．Repaid Calling CardsRepaid calling cards provide the ultimate in flexibility： they can be used from most locations， including pay phones， cell phones and landlines． But not all calling cards are equal， especially overseas． Compare the rate options associated with different cards， whether youbuy them before you travel or on the road． Some charge a pre-connection fee as well as a per minute fee， for example．Callback ServiceAs the name suggests， these services call you and then place your call at cheaper rates． You initiate the call by dialing a "trigger number -a connection to the call-back service's computers． Let the call ring once and then hang up． The computer calls you back from the United States using lower international rates and makes the connection after verifying your account number． Often cheaper than direct-dial calls， but the services may not work at hotels， where staff may not accept the return calls． The service is welcome to those who make lots of international calls．Voice Over Internet Protocol （VoIP）VoIP works by digitalizing your voice and sending it via the Internet to the person you're calling， who hears it on his PC speakers， or by routing it through regular telephone lines to anyone's standard phone line． VoIP services generally work best with a broadband or wireless Internet connection and can be used from hotel rooms， Internet cafes or wireless hot spots if you have a notebook computer． Since most calls use the Internet， and connections into and out of the Internet are typically local calls， the rates are astonishing low．5. According to the passage，if computer technology is not available，travelers are advisedto call by ______ ．A. landlineB. repaid calling cardC. callback serviceD. pay phone6. What is focused on in the callback service？ ______A. Making a phone call as brief as possible．B. Taking advantage of the hotel phone call service．C. Saving on calls by calling from home．D. Using the bank account for call pay in any country．7. The passage is mainly intended to ______ ．A. offer tips to travelers on how to call home for lessB. help travelers find the easiest way to call back homeC. introduce the optional approaches to family connectionD. advise travelers to call home through broadband or wireless InternetCTourism is a leisure activity， whose prework means just the opposite． Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that， it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time， which is arranged beforehand． Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to， and their stay in， various destinations． This necessarily involves some movement， that is the journey， and a period of stay in a new place or places． The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places， of residence and work， and are of a short-term and temporary nature， and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time．Modern societies engage in such tourist practices． New socialized forms of transportation andhotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists， as opposed to the individual character of travel． Places are chosen to be visited and be gazedupon because there is an anticipation （期望） especially through daydreaming and fantasy ofintense pleasures， either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who havebeen there． Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-touristpractices， such as films， TV， literature， magazines， records and videos which constructand reinforce this daydreaming．Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off fromeveryday experience． Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some senseout of the ordinary． The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of socialpatterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life． People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs， postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured．One of the earliest research paper on the subject of tourism is Boorstin's analysis of the"pseudo-event" （1964）where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience"reality" directly but are happy with "pseudo-events"． Isolated from the host environment andthe local people， the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake orman-made attractions， and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding thereal world outside． Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closedself- perpetuating（自我延续的）system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit． Such visits are made， says Boorstin， within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment．8. In the 1st paragraph， the author wants to say that before you travel to a new place______ ．A. making a careful travel plan is necessaryB. planning travel involves time and thoughtC. getting travel tips from your friends may save timeD. choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable9. The sentence "the viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning" in the 3rd paragraph means ______ ．A. traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routineB. new environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractiveC. tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experienceD. travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values 10. We can infer from the last paragraph that ______ ．A. when travelling ，many tourists will miss their homes and friends B. visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of timeC. the virtue of travel is to interact with a culture different from your ownD. American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside11. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage ？ ______A. Tourism ，an Outlook on Different Life B. Tourism ，a Direct Hug of Nature C. Tourism ，a New Relation to Familiar Sights D. Tourism ，a False Belief about the World 二、阅读七选五（本大题共4小题，共8.0分） A scheme was first put forward recently by an expert that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home ． (1) One very experienced social worker expressed his serious reservation about the scheme in a television interview ． When asked to explain why ，he thought for a moment and finally confessed "Well ， I guess because it's new ． That's my only reason ．Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison ． (2) Nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison ．(3) "If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this ，what is to prevent him from killing somebody else " This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system ． One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself went off to commit another crime ． The reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it ．A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime ． A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime ． No immediate action was taken on the proposal ． It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully ． (4) Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it ．A ． The idea ， however ， was not rejected ．B ． They should spend their lives in prison ．C ． It met with strong objections ．D ． Most of the criminal cases are unpredictable ．Directions ： Read the following passage ． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s ） of the passage in no more than 60 words ． Use your own words as far as possible ．E ． Some critics rushed to take extreme cases ．F ． The shame of having a criminal record was adequate for them ．12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.EF. F三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）The novelist's medium is the written word． One might almost say the(16)world． Typically the novel is consumed by a silent， individual reader， who may be anywhere at the time． The paperback novel is still the cheapest， most portable and adaptable form of (17) entertainment． It is limited to a single channel of information-(18)． The narrative can go， effortlessly， anywhere， into space， people's head， palaces， prisons and pyramids without any consideration of cost or practical possibility． In determining the shape and content of his narrative， the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria （标准）．The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience． He may be advised by his editor to revise his (19)， but if the writer refused to meetthis condition， no one would be surprised． It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript and expect the publisher to print it(20)as written．However， not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit （提交） a script and expect it to be(21) without any rewriting． This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative， using more than one channel of (22)． The production of a stage play involves， as well as the(23)of the author， the physical presence of the actors， their voices and gestures， the "set" and possibly music． Although the script play is the essential part of both play and film， it is a(24) for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and other creative people involved． They're given "approval" of the choice of a director and actors and have the right to attend(25)， during which period they may undertake more(26) work． In the case of screenplay， the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work． Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of(27) in this respect．In film or television work， on the other hand， the screenplay has no(28) rights to this degree of consultation． While the script is going through its various(29)， the writer is in the driver's seat， although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director． But once the production is under way， artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director． This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama， who tend to give all the(30) or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors， ignoring the contribution， for good and ill of the director．16. A. old-fashioned B. fixed C. presented D. printed17. A. social B. narrative C. favorite D. easy18. A. sourcing B. surfing C. writing D. receiving19. A. text B. publication C. ambition D. attitude20. A. simply B. eventually C. freely D. exactly21. A. performed B. approved C. covered D. continued22. A. information B. approach C. setting D. communication23. A. fame B. words C. presence D. rights24. A. basis B. reference C. plan D. rule25. A. assemblies B. performances C. rehearsals D. negotiations26. A. recording B. evolving C. bargaining D. training27. A. actors B. directors C. audiences D. authors28. A. procedural B. personal C. contractual D. equal29. A. drafts B. arrangements C. additions D. definitions30. A. hope B. work C. credit D. profit四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）31. A Venturing PilotCharles Lindberg born in December Michigan was raised on a farm in Minnesota， where his father（1）______（ elect） to the U．S． Congress in 1907． From then on， he spent his boyhood alternatively in Washington D．C．， and Little Falls， Minnesota．（ 2）______ Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent， in 1921， he was admitted to the University of Wisconsin to study engineering．（3）______（seek） more challenges， he left university before graduation and became a pilot， who performed exciting flight show at country fairs and public assemblies． This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid off so greatly in the sense that it allowed him to gain all-round experience inflying． He was particularly delighted in（4）______ he called "wing-walking" andparachute jumping．（ 5）______（train） in air service for a year， Lindberg completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class． He was offered a job in RobertsonAircraft Corporation of St． Louis in Missouri where he retained his job （6）______ 1927， running the routes between St． Louis and Chicago． During this period， he set out to win the Raymond B， Orteig prize of $25，000 to be awarded to the first pilot （7）______（fly） nonstop from New York to Paris． He knew this ambitious flight（8）______（ change） his life．On board the greatest adventure of his time， Lindberg left Roosevelt Airport at 5：52 a．m． on May 20， 1927 and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5：24 p．m． the next day． Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived， Lindberg carried letters of introduction to the officials in Paris， but when his plane came to a stop， he found himself （9）______（crowd） with welcoming people． He was decorated in France， Great Britain， and Belgium． President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser， the Memphis to bring him back． His accomplishments in flying brought（10）______ more medals and awards that had ever been received than any other person in private life．五、选词填空-句子（本大题共5小题，共25.0分）A． inhabitants B． captured C． minimum D． innovation E． networkF． apparently G． highlighted H． equally I． humble J． expansionK． displaysIs Boasting Good or Bad BusinessSweden is one of the most creative countries in the world， yet has a culture that warns against boasting about its success in public． And is this (1) manner a help or an obstacle when it comes to start-upFrom household names such as Spotify and Skype， to gaming leaders King and Mojang， Sweden is a land of (2) for industrial changes and new products． Despite just 10 million(3) occupying a land mass largely defined by forest wildness， the nation has in recentyears created billion-dollar companies per head than everywhere else outside SiliconValley．The more familiar narrative for Sweden's start-up success story typically includes thefollowing factors． It has strong digital facilities， a highly educated， tech-experienced workforce， and an ideal population size for testing innovations． And for those whoseideas are not in line， there is a strong social welfare (4) to set them back on their feet． While Ingvar Kamprad， founder of Ikea， has emphasized his being modest andeconomical in his attitude， research is always at the heart of Ikea's (5) ． These firm-held cultural features have (6) the attention worldwide． Local and global observers areadmiring their constant role in promoting Sweden's lively economy．"Trying to keep boasting to a (7) and finding a common ground so that everybody is on the same page" remain to be two of the most spreading practice in the Swedish workforce， says Lola Akinmade Akerstrom， a cultural commentator， who (8) this in her recent book Lagorm： The Swedish Secret of Living Well．Rather than focus on a rock star's or a CEO's "killing it" ， in Swedish business ： "It's about everybody getting together， making sure their voices are heard (9) ， so that they can all reach a most desirable solution together，" she says．This culture has its roots in what Swedes call "Jantelagen"， which describes a century-old tradition that discourages unnecessary (10) of wealth or success． In other words， nobody should consider themselves better than anyone else．32. 技术员给他推荐的这款新软件应能帮助他快速适应新的书写方式．（ adapt）______33. 虽然她有一份收入不错的工作，但是因为她不善管钱而经常入不敷出．（ lack）______34. 你电脑用得越熟练，你找到秘书工作的可能性就越大．（the more…．the more）______35. 早餐要营养丰富，易于消化，使人有饱腹感，这样才能让人们工作时间更长而不感觉疲惫．（ need）______六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）36. Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize in no more than 60 words the mainidea of the passage and how it is illustrated． Use your won words as far as possible． Blowing a Few TopsEver stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions It's not all death， destructionand hot liquid rock-scientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one sucheruption．Solar geoengineering involves simulating a volcano by spraying aerosols（气溶胶） into the atmosphere． When they combine with oxygen， droplets of sulfuric acid （硫酸） form． These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth， cooling the planet． All good in theory， but the consequences are largely unknown and a few could be disastrous． Ina study recently published in Nature Communications， researchers led by AnthonyJones， a climate scientist from the University of Exeter， found that using this technology in the Northern Hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical winds hitting theU．S． and Caribbean． But there's an annoying exchange： more winds in the Southern Hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa． That's because the entire climate system is linked-disrupting one region will invariably affect another． How woulda nation react if another was causing its weather to get much worse？ Would that be anact of warThere is， however， a case for using solar geoengineering on a global scale． Jones says it could be used to "take the edge off" the temperature increases scientists arepredicting． It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies． The study also highlights a far bigger problem with solar geoengineering： its complete lack of regulation． "There's nothing that could stop one country just doing it，" Jonessays ． "You only need about 100 aircraft with three flights per day ．It would cost 1 billion to 10 billion per year ．" He adds ，"It's deeply disturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence on the climate ， yet there's just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it ．"Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand ， as well as far more work that will need to be done before solar geoengineering is considered safe-or too dangerous to even discuss ．37. Directions ：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese ．校学生会开展了教科书再利用（the recycling of textbooks ）的活动，号召高三学生把自己的教科书留给新生使用．把自己的教科书留给新生使用．你愿意参加这样的活动吗？假如你是李华，你愿意参加这样的活动吗？假如你是李华，你愿意参加这样的活动吗？假如你是李华，请向学请向学生会发一份email 进行回复，表明你的态度，并说明你的理由．答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】D 【小题3】D 【小题4】B【解析】ADDB 1．A ．细节理解题．细节理解题．根据第一段根据第一段He revolutionized the industry ，working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators ，from cars to the interiors of spacecraft ．可知，他彻底改变了行业，作为顾问工作了超过200家公司和创造设计从包装到冰箱，从汽车到飞船的内部．由此可见，他Loewy 最大的影响是彻底改变了这个行业．故选A ．2．D ．细节理解题．根据第二段His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs ．可知，他的想法是，如果设计问题的解决方案与目前的设计有太大的不同，人们就不会接受．由此可见，Loewy 的设计是基于对问题提供原创性而非革命性的答案的想法．故选D ．3．D ．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段内容Loewy 的标志设计旨在"视觉保留"．他想确保任何人看到这个标志，即使是很短一段时间，也不会忘记它．他为壳牌石油、埃克森美孚（Exxon ）、灰狗（Greyhound ）和纳比斯科（Nabisco ）等著名公司设计了许多高度可见的标志．可知他的标志设计旨在使公司的标志非常令人难忘．故选D ．4．B ．推理判断题．根据最后一段By the mid 20th century ，his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say ‘the average person ，leading a normal life lose is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things ，service or structure' designed by his firm ．可知，到了20世纪中期，他的工业设计公司非常有名，以至于他可以说："普通人，过着正常生活的人，必然会每天接触到一些东西，服务或结构．都是由他的公司设计的．由此可见，Loewy 的设计是著名的和有影响力的．故选B ．本文主要介绍了被称为"美国人塑造"和"现代工业设计的父亲"，雷蒙．洛伊威．他是一个最具影响力的设计师之一．他彻底改变了行业，在创造设计方面从包装到冰箱，从汽车到飞船的内部，他涉及的行业很多，许多非常有名的标识著名公司如壳牌石油、埃克森、灰狗和纳贝斯克都是他设计的．森、灰狗和纳贝斯克都是他设计的．本文是一个人物故事类阅读理解，本文是一个人物故事类阅读理解，题目涉及多道细节理解题，题目涉及多道细节理解题，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．据． 5.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】C【解析】1．B 细节理解题．细节理解题．根据第三段根据第三段"You initiate the call by dialing a "trigger number -a connection to the call-back service's computers ． Let the call ring once and then hang up ． The computer calls you back from the United States using lower international rates and makes the connection after verifying your account number ． Often cheaper than direct-dial calls ，你先拨一个"扳机号码--回拨服务的计算机的连接"．让电话铃响一次，然后挂断电话．计算机用较低的国际费率从美国回拨你，然后接通核实您的帐号后．通常比直拨电话便宜，"可知回拨电话比直接拨打电话便宜．故选B ．2．C 细节理解题．根据第三段"As the name suggests ， these services call you and then place your call at cheaper rates ．顾名思义，这些服务会给你打电话，然后以较低的价格给你打电话"可知the Callback Service 的优点是打电话便宜．故选C ． 3． C 目的意图题．阅读全文以及根据第一段"there are affordable way to call home when you travel abroad ，当你出国旅行时，有一种经济实惠的方式打电话回家"可知本文的目的是介绍家庭联系的可选方法．故选C ． 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家庭联系的可选方法．本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家庭联系的可选方法．本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息？或是其变体．搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息．在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节．在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节．做这类题做这类题一般采用寻读法？即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案．子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案．8.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】D【解析】1．B ．细节理解题．根据文章第一段 Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that ， it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time ， which is arranged beforehand ．作为一名游客是"现代"的明显特征之一，而旅游的流行概念是，它是在特定的地方组织起来的，并发生在一段时间内，这是事先安排的．可知 计划旅行需要时间和思想；故选B ．2．D ．推理判断题．根据文章第三段The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life ．观看这些旅游景点往往涉及不同形式的社会模式，对景观或城镇景观的视觉元素比日常生活中通常发现的要敏感得多．的视觉元素比日常生活中通常发现的要敏感得多．可知旅行就是去看地标，可知旅行就是去看地标，发现未知的生活方式和价值观；故选D ．3．B ．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段 Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self- perpetuating （自我延续的）system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit ．随着时间的推移，不同的旅游景点产生的图象导致了一个封闭的自我永久化不同的旅游景点产生的图象导致了一个封闭的自我永久化（自我延续的）（自我延续的）的错误信念系统，为游客提供了选择或决定潜在游览地点的基础．为游客提供了选择或决定潜在游览地点的基础．可知游览热门旅游景点只是浪费时可知游览热门旅游景点只是浪费时间；故选B ．4．D ．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段 Such visits are made ， says Boorstin ， within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment ．这种参观是在熟悉的美国风格酒店的"环境泡沫"中进行的，说的，它使游客远离东道国环境的陌生．可知文章的最佳标题是旅游业，对世界的错误认知；故选D ．本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了旅行和停留的定义是在正常的地方以外，居住和工作，是短期的和暂时的，并且有明确的意图在相对较短的时间内回家．回家．阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．者观点．12.【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】F 【小题3】E【小题4】A。
2021年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷(附答案详解)
2021年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷1.Ocean exploration changed human history One of humanity's greatest achievements hasbeen mastering routes across the world's oceans. Communities separated by thousands of miles （1）______ （bring）into contact and religious ideas have spread across the waters, while artistic creativity has been motivated by the experience of seeing the products of different civilizations. Customs have been decisively altered by the movement of ships across the oceans. No one drank tea in medieval Europe, but （2）______ contact had been made with the tea-drinking Chinese, tea became popular with millions of people from Sweden to the United States.We tend to hold the view （3）______ the opening of the oceans was the work of the great explorers,especially the 15th century pioneers who edged their way through uncharted waters to southern Africa,the Indian Ocean and the lands of the Indies. These were sailors （4）______ Christopher Columbus,who chanced upon unsuspected lands that blocked the expected sea route from Europe to China and Japan. But while these men （5）______ give the Age of Discovery its name, they didn't start the exploration of the world's oceans - and there were also scores of merchants who followed in （6）______ route, taking full advantage of new knowledge about the open ocean to develop trade links across the world,（7）______ laid the foundation for modern globalization. These were the people who really mastered the oceans and brought the continents into contact.Since then, the oceans have only continued（8）______ （tie）the world together - most dramatically when new routes were literally carved out, with the building of the SuesCanal in the 19th century and the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. The first goods to pass through the Panama Canal consisted of a cargo of（9）______ （tin）pineapples from Hawaii. The Pacific and the Atlantic were （10）______ （closely）tied together than ever before.Would you wear a computer under your skin？Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos, bodymodifications. The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your arms and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your body's energy, and you could use it to unlock doors,（1）______ your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality.UnderSkin is just an idea - you can't go out and get one - but the technology exists to make it work. "We（2）______ it is about five years from being real," says designer Gadi Amit.Writer and technology initiator Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency （3）______ tag implanted in his hand. "I use it to log into my computer. I also use it to share contact details with people," he says. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio（4）______ with a unique number for recognition.If a computerized tattoo or（5）______ tag isn't crazy enough for you, what about a brain chip？The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control yourdevices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, "We're trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves…. Imagine being able to surf the Web with the power of your（6）______ ."Do you think these chips sound frightening or cool Some doctors are（7）______ about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical（8）______ are meant to heal sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers.Others worry about hacking and（9）______ . Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind On a more（10）______ level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human？Or are you a cyborg, a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being？What do you think - would you want a computer under your skin？For the longest time, the predominant description about renewable energy featured awkward technologies,high costs, and burdensome allowance. In the（1）______ of strict andfar-reaching policy changes, the chances for mass adoption seemed slim. Electric vehicles （EVs）simply couldn't go the distance, and LED lights were unattractive and（2）______ . But now that these technologies have come of age, a new story is being written. Around the world, businesses, governments, and households are taking advantage of more cost-effective low-carbon technologies.（3）______ advances in information technologies（IT），green solutions can be introduced into business operations successfully. And as public support forthese technologies has grown, so have the（4）______ for scaling up to a fully sustainable energy system.As in any rapid transition, a full understanding of what is happening has（5）______ events. Many present energy producers find it hard to believe that their world is undergoing a revolutionary change, so they insist that their heavily polluting technologies will remain（6）______ and necessary for some time to come. Journalists, too, describe the transition with a degree of（7）______ ，because it is their job to be suspicious. And politicians and regulators are cautious to adopt a new perspective,（8）______ they are already struggling to keep up with the pace of change in the energy industry.To be sure,（9）______ doesn't come without setbacks, as the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas（GHG）emissions shows. Yet there is no doubt that the future of energy will be（10）______ different from the recent past. In fact, the（11）______ is happening even faster than we think,for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar options. And as the shift toward renewables gains good trends, it will be easier for elected officials to pursue more climate-friendly policies and regulations, thereby creating a（n）（12）______ circle of change.As the green transition comes of age,it will offer solutions to all of humanity's energy needs,placing a clean, prosperous and secure low-carbon future well within reach. Yet even as we hug（13）______ ，we must not lose sight of the fact that climate change is speeding up. With GHG emissions（14）______ to rise, the future of humanity hangs in the balance. One hopes that the shift to（15）______ energy will tip the scale in our favor.2. A. license B. absence C. application D. promotion3. A. invisible B. unbelievable C. inevitable D. unaffordable4. A. Instead of B. Owing to C. In case of D. According to5. A. resources B. revolutions C. prospects D. priorities6. A. caught up with B. compared withC. taken place ofD. fallen behind7. A. relevant B. inferior C. synthetic D. experimental8. A. mixture B. caution C. conflict D. approval9. A. in case B. so that C. even though D. the moment10. A. significance B. invention C. happiness D. progress11. A. dramatically B. economically C. independently D. equivalently12. A. interaction B. modernizationC. motivationD. transformation13. A. natural B. potential C. positive D. original14. A. influence B. optimism C. estimation D. extension15. A. starting B. failing C. emerging D. continuing16. A. sustainable B. traditional C. available D. industrialDOn the night of September 19，1961，Betty Hill and her husband Barney were driving home through the White Mountains from Niagara Falls. They were travelling on a nearly deserted two-lane highway when Betty noticed a steady light in the sky that was getting bigger and brighter.She thought it was a planet or a star. Barney,stimulated at her excitement,said it was probably just a wandering aeroplane. Whatever it was, it appeared to be following them.They stopped their car for a closer look. What they said happened next, changed their lives. The flying object was noiseless. It appeared to be spinning. It was as big as a jet but shaped like a pancake.So formed the tale of Betty Hill,a New Hampshire social worker who,with Barney,a postal worker, claimed to be kidnapped by aliens, who were from outer space, on a moonlit night about 60 years ago.After reluctantly going public with her experience, Hill, who died of cancer at her New Hampshire home, aged 85，became a celebrity on the UFO circuit and was known as the "first lady of UFOs".Intriguingly，at the time of the incident, the Hills remembered nothing except that they had spied a strange object in the sky. Later, troubled by nightmares and other stress-related pains, the couple underwent hypnosis（催眠）where the full story came out with the aid of Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon, an expert in medical hypnosis.On their night of contact the Hills arrived home at 5 a.m.，unable to account for two lost hours. They were also confused by the odd marks on their telescopes,deep signs on the tops of Barney's best shoes,Betty's torn dress and strange circular markings on their car that made the needle of a compass jump wildly.After seeing them for six months, the psychiatrist concluded the Hills' lost memory about thehours they lost on that night in 1961 "appeared to involve an amazing experience on the part of both of the Hills". Whether the experience had been fantasy or reality, Simon could not say, but he said he was convinced they had not been lying. He guessed that it had been a kind of shared dream.Reports of aliens capturing humans and taking them aboard oddly shaped spacecraft were "comparatively rare" before 1975. After a movie, "The UFO Incident"，about the Hills came out, however, such stories increased.17.When they saw the strange object in the sky, Barney and Betty Hill ______ .A. were astonished at its strange flight and noiseB. regarded it as just a wandering car following themC. realized immediately what the danger it might causeD. showed curiosity in discovering what it really was18.The word "Intriguingly" in paragraph 6 most probably means " ______ ".A. RidiculouslyB. TemporarilyC. RemarkablyD. Mysteriously19.The Hills later sought the help of a psychiatrist because ______ .A. they had lots of secrets in their lives after the strange experienceB. their lives were greatly disturbed by the unexpected experienceC. they wanted to share their unforgettable experience with the expertD. they hoped to forget completely what had happened to them20.This article was written in order to ______ .A. describe an unusual event to the readersB. convince readers of the existence of UFOsC. record how people were caught by aliensD. warn people of the dangers the UFOs causeEThe changing population throughout the globalizing world, in particular an increase in the aging population and a decrease in birth rates, is disturbing housing markets.Since 1970，global average income per person has increased, with a few exceptions as in 2009 and 2015，and inequality has also widened among and within nations. The International Monetary Fund's Global House Price Index collapsed in 2008 before climbing again to reach pre-crisis levels. Due to these population and financial trends, household structures have changed with increased preference for smaller, shared living quarters and less home ownership worldwide. Analysts increasingly focus on mapping and predicting effects of globalization on housing markets and individual decisions.Countries at the forefront of globalization, namely the United States and China, as well as rapidly globalizing countries like India, expect their aging populations to double by the year 2050. Coupled with changes to the family structure, especially a childbirth rate nearly halved since 1950 and more two-income households, decisions involving the housing stock are more complex than ever before.The three countries may share a common challenge：Their governments are not well prepared for rapid growth in their graying populations. Out of the three, the United States could be most affected, as the primary-mode of senior care in China and India is in-home care. If family support remains the top choice for senior care, this could prevent India and China from the possible negative effects of the inadequate public and private planning. In-home care involvesfamily members covering the cost and accommodation of senior members. About 65 percent of US elderly in need of assistance rely on family and friends,and non-family senior care is relatively new for India and China.21.Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 1 and 2？______A. The housing markets are mostly affected by the decrease in birth rates and rise in deathrates.B. Inequality has widened among and within nations due to the rapid globalization of thehouseholds.C. The population and financial trends led to increased preference for smaller, sharedaccommodations.D. Analysts think globalization has decisive effects on housing markets and individualdecisions.22.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs and the illustration？______A. The aging populations of the three countries are expected to decrease by 2050.B. Non-family senior care probably remains the best choice for the elderly in America.C. China will probably have the largest percentage of the senior population by 2050.D. The three giants in terms of population must avoid the challenges from their citizens.23.The best title for the passage is ______ .A. The challenge for the agedB. Shelter for an aging worldC. The rapid growth of populationD. Comparison on globalizationFCuckoos don't bother building their own nests-they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wising up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often known as parasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nests of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that their eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn't notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways tospot the fakes, which we're only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra color-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet（紫外线）wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colors than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly,we're actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick. Biologists suspect these more easily deceived species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What's remarkable is that the dunnock fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species' behavior can be altered by the pressures of natural selection,or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don't want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.24.This passage was most likely found in a ______ .A. travel journalB. zoo advertisementC. nature magazineD. science survey25.What does the word "parasites" in paragraph 2 most probably refer to？______A. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.B. Animals that mutually work together to raise young.C. Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.D. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.26.Which of the following is TRUE about dunnock according to the passage______A. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.B. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.27.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage______A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock's egg.D. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.AI could help us deconstruct the magic of music We all know that music is a powerful influencer.（1）______ Fitness without a warm-blooded song would be boring. But is there a way to quantify these reactions？And if so, could they be reverse-engineered and put to use？In a new paper, researchers at the University of Southern California mapped out how things like tone, rhythm, and harmony cause different types of brain activity, physiological reactions （heat, sweat, and changes in electrical response），and emotions（happiness or sadness），and how machine learning could use those relationships to predict how people might respond to a new piece of music. The results, presented at a conference on the intersections of computer science and art, show how we may one day be able to engineer targeted musical experiences for purposes ranging from therapy to movies.（2）______ "Once we understand how media can affect our various emotions, then we can try to productively use it for actually supporting or enhancing human experiences," says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor at USC and the principal investigator in the lab.The researchers first searched music streaming sites for songs with very few plays,tagged either "happy" or "sad."（3）______ Two reliably caused sadness and one reliably caused happiness. One hundred participants who hadn't heard the songs before split into two groups, listened to allthree pieces, and either took a special scan or wore pulse, heat, and electricity sensors on their skin and rated the intensity of their emotions on a scale of 0 to 10. The researchers then fed the data, along with 74 features for each song,into several machine-learning mathematical steps and examined which features were the strongest predictors of responses. They found, for example, that the brightness of a song（the level of its medium and high frequencies）and the strength of its beat were both among the best predictors of how a song would affect a listener's heart rate and brain activity.The research is still in very early stages,and it will be a while before more powerful machine-learning models will be able to predict your mental and physical reactions to a song with any precision. But the researchers are excited about how such models could be applied：to design music for specific individuals, to create movie soundtracks easily arousing sympathy, or to help patients with mental health problems stimulate specific parts of their brain.（4）______ They want to start trying music-based therapies as well.28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F32.Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How the smartphone affected teens Some parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence. But spending this much time on screens is not justdifferent-in many ways, it's actually worse.Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills. A 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others' faces, suggesting that teens' screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.In addition, teens using smartphones read books, magazines and newspapers much lessthan previous generations did as teens：In the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of high school seniors who read a non-required book or magazine nearly every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015. College teachers tell me that students have more trouble reading longer text passages, and rarely read the required textbooks.This isn't to say that teens who use smartphones don't have a lot going for them. They are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were. They also seem to have more realistic expectations than their parents did at the same age. But the smartphone threatens to disturb them before they even get started.To be clear, moderate smartphone use-up to an hour a day-is not linked to mental health issues. However, most teens are on their phones much more than that.Somewhat to my surprise, the teens I interviewed said they would rather see their friends in person than communicate with them using their phones. Parents used to worry about their teens spending too much time with their friends-they were a distraction, a badinfluence, a waste of time. But it might be just what teens need.33.刚到中国不久，美食就让游客们胃口大开。
2022届上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题(含听力)(5)
2022届上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题（含听力）(5)一、听力选择题1.A．Tongue-tied.B．Confident.C．Absent-minded.D．Shy.2. When should the plans be handed in at the latest?A．On Tuesday afternoon.B．On Thursday afternoon.C．Before Tuesday afternoon.3.A．To turn in the report.B．To look for a better typist.C．To type for the woman.D．To take the report to a typist.4. What did Johnson do at the weekend?A．He attended a competition.B．He prepared for a speech.C．He played football with friends.5. What does the woman suggest?A．Buying a computer.B．Hiring an assistant.C．Starting a business.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How does the woman feel in Kids N Clay?A．Fairly tired.B．A bit disappointed.C．Quite pleased.2. What quality can kids develop by working with clay according to Kevin?A．Being organized.B．Being concentrated.C．Being patient.3. Which of the following is of considerable importance to Kevin’s career path?A．Specialized training.B．Practical experience.C．Degrees and certificates.4. What is the secret of Kevin’s teaching?A．Showing kids every step clearly.B．Offering kids incredible ideas.C．Encouraging kids to release their creativity.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
上海市黄浦区二模试题及答案
黄浦区20XX年高考模拟考英语试卷（完卷时间：120 分钟满分：150 分）20XX年4月14日下午第I卷（共103分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)GarlicGarlic, a common seasoning found in many different types of food, has a long medical and mythical history. References to garlic (25)___________(find) in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000 BC. The physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (26)_________(treat) infections and physical disorders. In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriendly spirits, treat wounds (27)_______ ________ _______ protect against disease.Roman soldiers believed that garlic brought them courage and energy. They took it with them when they went into battle. Egyptians fed garlic to their servants when they built pyramids. They thought that it gave the workers strength. They also believed that garlic had magical and medicinal powers in the Middle Ages, people thought that garlic prevented the plague(瘟疫).People have praised the virtues of garlic for centuries. Garlic’s popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation (28)_________(restore) in recent years. It is now a valuable cash crop in the state of California. Nearly a half-billion pounds of garlic are produced there each year. The city of Gilroy, California, considers (29)_________ the garlic capital of the world. Each year, the city hosts the Gilroy Garlic Festival in honor of the crop.Some doctors are studying garlic’s effects as a defense (30)_________ some forms of cancer. Others are exploring its possibilities for treating arthritis. Garlic has also received praise for its ability to lower high levels of cholesterol(胆固醇).(31)_________ some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven, it is certain(32)_________ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.(B)The illegal sale and use of drugsDespite the respect of most Americans for law and the determination of the legal system toprotect the rights of individuals, the United States, like all other countries, does experience crime. Especially in large cities, the crime rate (33)_______ be high.A high percentage of crime in the United States is directly related to the illegal sale and use of drugs. Drugs are smuggled into the country by (34)________(organize) groups despite intense efforts by the government to stop the illegal drug trade. Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of (35)________(challenging) social problems facing the nation. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of American (36)_________ drug abuse is regarded as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem as it has (37)_________ wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime, automobile accidents. Those (38)__________ become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39)_________ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.Drug use has caused great concern in the United States. The federal government has worked hard to stop the (40)___________(grow) of drug plants in other countries. It has also set up special agencies, sometimes working with agencies from other nations, to catch the smugglers outside and inside the United States. Teachers and many citizens work together to teach children about the dangers of drug use. Many government agencies in the states and private citizen groups work to help drug addicts give up their drug use and turn to useful lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which werenon-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Education plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must 51 society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who 52 a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building 53 . As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and 54 patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest 55 of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot 56 the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the 57 development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we 58 take ‘non-formal’from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behaviour and our understanding of social norms 59 us to face life. True, educational 60 , like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the 61 process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the 62 influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions 63 certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of educaiotn and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving (剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata （阶层）of society form progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it 64 the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who 65 the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organization61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extremophiles（极端微生物） are organisms that have been discovered on earth that survive in environments that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. These extreme environments include intense heat, highly acidic environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such extremes.Adapting to Extreme HeatIn the 1960s, heat resistant bacteria were discovered in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. This bacteria, thermus aquaticus thrives at temperatures of 70°C but can survive temperatures of 50°C to 80°C. A few years after these were discovered, other bacteria were foundliving under even more extreme conditions. Hydrothermal vents (热水流火山口) were discovered deep in the ocean and under such high pressure that the water boils at 340°C. It was a surprise to researchers to discover bacteria living and thriving in the vents at such extreme temperatures and pressures. Not only were there bacteria, but centimeters away where the water was cooler, was a complete ecosystem living off the bacteria. There were clams and tubeworms among other species. Adapting to Extreme ColdOther extremophiles have developed ways to cope with cold. Deep ocean water is as a fairly constant temperature of 2°C, but because of its salt content, in colder areas, ocean water can reach temperatures as low at -12°C without freezing. Extremophiles known as psychrophiles（低温微生物） are known to survive at these low temperatures. Different species have come up with different ways to survive these cold temperatures. Some have developed substances, such as glycerol（甘油）or antifreeze proteins which lower the freezing point of water by several degrees.The main danger to organisms of freezing is the damage caused by ice crystals as water freezes and expands. Some species of frogs and turtles have proteins which actually facilitate the freez ing of body liquids. If the animal’s body liquids begin to freeze, a chain reaction is started and all of the body’s liquids freeze rapidly. This prevents the formation of ice crystals large enough to do any damage. Many kinds of microorganisms can survive freezing and thawing, as long as the problem of ice crystals is avoided.66. An “ecosystem”(paragraph 2) can be best described as __________.A. an interacting community that contains both living and non-living organismsB. a large collective term for animals that eat bacteriaC. different types of plants and animals that cooperate for foodD. the place where temperatures and conditions are dangerous and extreme67. The formation of large ice crystal is dangerous mostly because ___________.A. the animal can no longer breathe, and nutrient can’t be carried around the bodyB. proteins cause the animal’s body liquids to freezeC. the freezing and expansion of water could damage the animal’s organsD. the temperature inside the animal becomes too cold to survive in68. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Extremophiles live in environments other organisms cannot survive in.B. Extremophiles can survive in both acidic and high pressure environments.C. The thermophile lives in extremely high temperatures.D. Fresh water has a constant temperature of around 2° C.69. The purpose of this article is to _____________.A. amuse and entertain scientistsB. provide a personal opinion about an issueC. educate and inform readersD. predict the beginning of evolutionAdult Concession Child$69 $67 $4570. If you wish to complete two tours in one day, you would probably choose________.A. Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourB. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourC. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa TourD. Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B. Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C. If you want to visit Underwater World, you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tour B410, they should pay $ 281.72. What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A. Welcoming and humorous.B. Warm and inviting.C. Modest and initiative.D. Casual and compulsory.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. “He’s fallen in the hole!”cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.“I say!”said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big gray rounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付), most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions. This is a very limiting policy. A company that reimburses employees for all college credit course—whether job related or not—offers a service onot only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the company’s dedication to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them.In return, this dedication to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee loyalty. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employ turnover(流动), because even employees who don’t take advantage of tuition reimbursement program will be more loyal to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay their education.Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition reimbursement program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if theemployee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well.Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is unrestricted tuition reimbursement?79. A company gives employees unconditional tuition reimbursement in order to___________.80. Two most important results of unconditional tuition reimbursement are that the companies will probably____________.81. If the employee stays after graduation, he will bring the company more benefits because___________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 在假期学生也能使用图书馆。
上海市黄浦区2021届高三下学期第二次模拟(二模)英语试题 (含答案和听力原文)
上海市黄浦区2021年高考模拟考英语试卷2021年4月（完卷时间：120分钟总分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Customer and salesperson. B. Employer and employee.C. Interviewer and jobseeker.D. Consultant and student.2. A. About 108. B. About 180. C. About 216. D. About 360.3. A. In a professor’s workshop. B. In a doctor’s office.C. At a university laboratory.D. At a hotel reception.4. A. She takes no notice of the board.B. She thinks the noticeboard is too dark.C. She doesn’t understand the notice either.D. She can’t see what’s in the notice clearly.5. A. Type for a few minutes. B. Take her to have a rest.C. Look for another typist.D. Finish writing the report.6. A. Johnson was late for their dinner yesterday.B. Johnson didn’t show up at the dinner time yesterday.C. He didn’t call Johnson to have dinner together yesterday.D. He couldn’t go to Johnson’s house for dinner yesterday.7. A. The man needs ten minutes to ride the woman to the hotel.B. The woman will arrive at the hotel ten minutes later than planned.C. The man doesn’t think he can manage to reach the hotel in ten minutes.D. The woman doesn’t hope he will be able to drive quickly to the hotel.8. A. To pick him up. B. To give him a ring.C. To convey a message.D. To return home at once.9. A. He says that it costs too much money.B. He thinks it does harm to the environment.C. He believes it is sure to bring huge profits.D. He knows nothing about the construction of it.10. A. The man has finished the project.B. The man wants to apologize to the woman.C. The woman will let Bob call the man.D. The woman is losing patience with the man.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It is usually given immediately by a physician.B. It usually makes the services of a doctor unnecessary.C. It usually causes the confusion of the first aider.D. It is usually done by someone in accidents or emergencies.12. A. Asking for sound suggestions. B. Finding out the cause of the problems.C. Arranging for an ambulance.D. Telephoning the victim’s best friend.13. A. Reassure the victim that help is at hand.B. Give the victim care and encouragement.C. Handle the injured parts only when it is necessary.D. Move the victim’s body to find and dress all the injuries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To compare a music journalist and a musician.B. To give suggestions on becoming a music journalist.C. To describe the specific needs of music magazines.D. To introduce the requirements of a professional musician.15. A. Have a good knowledge of great musicals.B. Get familiar with the music of recent years.C. Be expert at a special type of music.D. Create opportunities for more musicians.16. A. It’s easy to g et advertisements so as to earn more.B. It helps to sign long-term contracts with great organizations.C. It offers time to write for a wider range of music magazines.D. It contributes to developing readers’ specific expectations.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The course is only open to poetry majors. B. The course requires another course first.C. The course is all filled up yet.D. The course is only offered in the morning.18. A. He has another course at the same time.B. The class is too far away from the community.C. The course is given during his working hours.D. He’s already familiar with the material of the course.19. A. His work schedule doesn’t conflict with his other classes.B. He doesn’t want to ask his boss for another favor.C. He wants to work the same schedule as his friends.D. He likes to do his homework in the evening.20. A. Its courses cost much less. B. It has an evening cafeteria.C. The class size there is smaller.D. It may offer courses during the day.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ocean exploration changed human historyOne of humanity’s greatest achievements has been mastering routes across the world’s oceans. Communities separated by thousands of miles (21)______(bring) into contact and religious ideas have spread across the waters, while artistic creativity has been motivated by the experience of seeing the products of different civilizations. Customs have been decisively altered by the movement of ships across the oceans. No one drank tea in medieval Europe, but (22)______ contact had been made with the tea-drinking Chinese, tea became popular with millions of people from Sweden to the United States.We tend to hold the view(23)______ the opening of the oceans was the work of the great explorers, especially the 15th century pioneers who edged their way through uncharted waters to southern Africa, the Indian Ocean and the lands of the Indies. These were sailors (24)______ ______ Christopher Columbus, who chanced upon unsuspected lands that blocked the expected sea route from Europe to China and Japan. But while these men (25)______ give the Age of Discovery its name, they didn’t start the exploration of the world’s oceans —and there were also scores of merchants who followed in (26)______ route, taking full advantage of new knowledge about the open ocean to develop trade links across the world, (27)______ laid the foundation for modern globalization. These were the people who really mastered the oceans and brought the continents into contact.Since then, the oceans have only continued (28)______(tie) the world together — most dramatically when new routes were literally carved out, with the building of the Sues Canal in the 19th century and the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. The first goods to pass through the Panama Canal consisted of a cargo of (29)______(tin) pineapples from Hawaii. The Pacific and the Atlantic were (30)______(closely) tied together than ever before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Would you wear a computer under your skin?Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos, body modifications. The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your arms and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, 31 your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just an idea —y ou can’t go out and get one —but the technology exists to make it work. “We 32 it is about five years from being real,” says designer Gadi Amit.Writer and technology initiator Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency 33 tag imp lanted in his hand. “I use it to log into my computer. I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio 34 with a unique number for recognition.If a computerized tattoo or 35 tag isn’t crazy enough for you, what about a brain chip? Thecompany Intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, “We’re trying to prove you can do interes ting things with brain waves…. Imagine being able to surf the Web with the power of your 36 .”Do you think these chips sound frightening or cool? Some doctors are 37 about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical 38 are meant to heal sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and 39 . Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind? On a more 40 level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human? Or are you a cyborg, a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being?What do you think — would you want a computer under your skin?III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For the longest time, the predominant description about renewable energy featured awkward technologies, high costs, and burdensome allowance. In the 41 of strict and far-reaching policy changes, the chances for mass adoption seemed slim. Electric vehicles (EVs) simply couldn’t go the distance, and LED lights were unattractive and 42 .But now that these technologies have come of age, a new story is being written. Around the world, businesses, governments, and households are taking advantage of more cost-effective low-carbon technologies.43 advances in information technologies (IT), green solutions can be introduced into business operations successfully. And as public support for these technologies has grown, so have the 44 for scaling up to a fully sustainable energy system.As in any rapid transition, a full understanding of what is happening has 45 events. Many present energy producers find it hard to believe that their world is undergoing a revolutionary change, so they insist that their heavily polluting technologies will remain 46 and necessary for some time to come. Journalists, too, describe the transition with a degree of 47 , because it is their job to be suspicious. And politicians and regulators are cautious to adopt a new perspective, 48 they are already struggling to keep up with the pace of change in the energy industry.To be sure, 49 doesn’t come without setbacks, as the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions shows. Yet there is no doubt that the future of energy will be 50 different from the recent past. In fact, the 51 is happening even faster than we think, for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar options. And as the shift toward renewables gains good trends, it will be easier for elected officials to pursue more climate-friendly policies and regulations, thereby creating a(n) 52 circle of change.As the green transition comes of age, it will offer solutions to all of humanity’s energy needs, placing a clean, prosperous and secure low-carbon future well within reach. Yet even as we hug 53 , we must not lose sight of the fact that climate change is speeding up. With GHG emissions 54 to rise, the future of humanity hangs in the balance. One hopes that the shift to 55 energy will tip the scale in our favor.41. A. license B. absence C. application D. promotion42. A. invisible B. unbelievable C. inevitable D. unaffordable43. A. Instead of B. Owing to C. In case of D. According to44. A. resources B. revolutions C. prospects D. priorities45. A. caught up with B. compared with C. taken place of D. fallen behind46. A. relevant B. inferior C. synthetic D. experimental47. A. mixture B. caution C. conflict D. approval48. A. in case B. so that C. even though D. the moment49. A. significance B. invention C. happiness D. progress50. A. dramatically B. economically C. independently D. equivalently51. A. interaction B. modernization C. motivation D. transformation52. A. natural B. potential C. positive D. original53. A. influence B. optimism C. estimation D. extension54. A. starting B. failing C. emerging D. continuing55. A. sustainable B. traditional C. available D. industrialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)On the night of September 19, 1961, Betty Hill and her husband Barney were driving home through the White Mountains from Niagara Falls. They were travelling on a nearly deserted two-lane highway when Betty noticed a steady light in the sky that was getting bigger and brighter.She thought it was a planet or a star. Barney, stimulated at her excitement, said it was probably just a wandering aeroplane. Whatever it was, it appeared to be following them.They stopped their car for a closer look. What they said happened next, changed their lives. The flying object was noiseless. It appeared to be spinning. It was as big as a jet but shaped like a pancake.So formed the tale of Betty Hill, a New Hampshire social worker who, with Barney, a postal worker, claimed to be kidnapped by aliens, who were from outer space, on a moonlit night about 60 years ago.After reluctantly going public with her experience, Hill, who died of cancer at her New Hampshire home, aged 85, became a celebrity on the UFO circuit and was known as the “first lady of UFOs”.Intriguingly, at the time of the incident, the Hills remembered nothing except that they had spied a strange object in the sky. Later, troubled by nightmares and other stress-related pains, the couple underwent hypnosis(催眠) where the full story came out with the aid of Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon, an expert in medical hypnosis.On their night of contact the Hills arrived home at 5 a.m., unable to account for two lost hours. They were also confused by the odd marks on their telescopes, deep signs on the tops of Barney’s best shoes, Betty’s torn dress and strange circular markings on their car that made the needle of a compass jump wildly.After seeing them for six months, the psychiatrist concluded the Hills’ lost memory about the hours they lost on that night in 1961 “appeared to involve an amazing experience on the part of both of the Hills”. Whether the experience had been fantasy or reality, Simon could not say, but he said he was convinced they had not been lying. He guessed that it had been a kind of shared dream.Reports of aliens capturing humans and taking them aboard oddly shaped spacecraft were “comparatively rare” before 1975. After a movie, “The UFO Incident”, about the Hills came out, however, such stories increased.56. When they saw the strange object in the sky, Barney and Betty Hill ______________.A. were astonished at its strange flight and noiseB. regarded it as just a wandering car following themC. realized immediately what the danger it might causeD. showed curiosity in discovering what it really was57. The word “Intriguingly” in paragraph 6 most probably means “______________”.A. RidiculouslyB. TemporarilyC. RemarkablyD. Mysteriously58. The Hills later sought the help of a psychiatrist because ______________.A. they had lots of secrets in their lives after the strange experienceB. their lives were greatly disturbed by the unexpected experienceC. they wanted to share their unforgettable experience with the expertD. they hoped to forget completely what had happened to them59. This article was written in order to ______________.A. describe an unusual event to the readersB. convince readers of the existence of UFOsC. record how people were caught by aliensD. warn people of the dangers the UFOs cause(B)The changing population throughout the globalizing world, in particular an increase in the aging population and a decrease in birth rates, is disturbing housing markets.Since 1970, global average income per person has increased, with a few exceptions as in 2009 and 2015, and inequality has also widened among and within nations. The International Monetary Fund’s Global House Price Index collapsed in 2008 before climbing again to reach pre-crisis levels. Due to these population and financial trends, household structures have changed with increased preference for smaller, shared living quarters and less home ownership worldwide. Analysts increasingly focus on mapping and predicting effects of globalization on housing markets and individual decisions.Countries at the forefront of globalization, namely the United States and China, as well as rapidly globalizing countries like India, expect their aging populations to double by the year 2050. Coupled with changes to the family structure, especially a childbirth rate nearly halved since 1950 and more two-income households, decisions involving the housingstock are more complex than ever before.The three countries may share a commonchallenge: Their governments are not wellprepared for rapid growth in their grayingpopulations. Out of the three, the UnitedStates could be most affected, as theprimary-mode of senior care in China andIndia is in-home care. If family supportremains the top choice for senior care, thiscould prevent India and China from thepossible negative effects of the inadequatepublic and private planning. In-home careinvolves family members covering the costand accommodation of senior members. About65 percent of US elderly in need of assistancerely on family and friends, and non-familysenior care is relatively new for India andChina.60. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 1 and 2?A. The housing markets are mostly affected by the decrease in birth rates and rise in death rates.B. Inequality has widened among and within nations due to the rapid globalization of the households.C. The population and financial trends led to increased preference for smaller, shared accommodations.D. Analysts think globalization has decisive effects on housing markets and individual decisions.61. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs and the illustration?A. The aging populations of the three countries are expected to decrease by 2050.B. Non-family senior care probably remains the best choice for the elderly in America.C. China will probably have the largest percentage of the senior population by 2050.D. The three giants in terms of population must avoid the challenges from their citizens.62. The best title for the passage is ______________.A. The challenge for the agedB. Shelter for an aging worldC. The rapid growth of populationD. Comparison on globalization(C)Cuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wising up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often known as parasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nests of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that their eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fa kes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra color-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet(紫外线) wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colors than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these more easily deceived species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnock fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thorough ly a species’ behavior can be altered by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.63. This passage was most likely found in a ______________.A. travel journalB. zoo advertisementC. nature magazineD. science survey64. What does t he word “parasites” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.B. Animals that mutually work together to raise young.C. Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.D. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.65. Which of the following is TRUE about dunnock according to the passage?A. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.B. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.66. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.D. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceAI could help us deconstruct the magic of musicWe all know that music is a powerful influencer. 67 Fitness without a warm-blooded song would be boring. But is there a way to quantify these reactions? And if so, could they be reverse-engineered and put to use?In a new paper, researchers at the University of Southern California mapped out how things like tone, rhythm, and harmony cause different types of brain activity, physiological reactions (heat, sweat, and changes in electrical response),and emotions(happiness or sadness), and how machine learning could use those relationships to predict how people might respond to a new piece of music. The results, presented at a conference on the intersections of computer science and art, show how we may one day be able to engineer targeted musical experiences for purposes ranging from therapy to movies.68 “Once we understand how media can affect our various emotions, then we can try to productively use it for actually supporting or enhancing human experiences,”says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor at USC and the principal investigator in the lab.The researchers first searched music streaming sites for songs with very few plays, tagged either “happy” or “sad.”69 Two reliably caused sadness and one reliably caused happiness. One hundred participants who hadn’t heard the songs before split into two groups, listened to all three pieces, and eithertook a special scan or wore pulse, heat, and electricity sensors on their skin and rated the intensity of their emotions on a scale of 0 to 10. The researchers then fed the data, along with 74 features for each song, into several machine-learning mathematical steps and examined which features were the strongest predictors of responses. They found, for example, that the brightness of a song (the level of its medium and high frequencies) and the strength of its beat were both among the best predictors of how a song would affect a listener’s heart rate and brain activity.The research is still in very early stages, and it will be a while before more powerful machine-learning models will be able to predict your mental and physical reactions to a song with any precision. But the researchers are excited about how such models could be applied: to design music for specific individuals, to create movie soundtracks easily arousing sympathy, or to help patients with mental health problems stimulate specific parts of their brain. 70 They want to start trying music-based therapies as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.How the smartphone affected teensSome parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence. But spending this much time on screens is not just different—in many ways, it’s actually worse.Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills. A 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others’ faces, suggesting that teens’ screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.In addition, teens using smartphones read books, magazines and newspapers much less than previous generations did as teens: In the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of high school seniors who read a non-required book or magazine nearly every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015. College teachers tell me that students have more trouble reading longer text passages, and rarely read the required textbooks.This isn’t to say that teens who use smartphones don’t have a lot going for them. They are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were. They also seem to have more realistic expectations than their parents did at the same age. But the smartphone threatens to disturb them before they even get started.To be clear, moderate smartphone use—up to an hour a day—is not linked to mental health issues. However, most teens are on their phones much more than that.Somewhat to my surprise, the teens I interviewed said they would rather see their friends in person than communicate with them using their phones. Parents used to worry about their teens spending too much time with their friends—they were a distraction, a bad influence, a waste of time. But it might be just what teens need.。
2021年上海市黄浦区教育学院附属中山学校高三英语二模试题及答案
2021年上海市黄浦区教育学院附属中山学校高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated in the beautiful Sichuan Basin, Chongqing is a magical 8D city. The natural history and cultural scenery of the area provide children with learning opportunities because they can enjoy the many wonders of this area.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointTiankeng Diqiao Scenic Area is located in the southern mountainous area of Fengjie County. The Tiankeng pit is 666 meters deep and is currently the deepest tiankeng in the world. The scenic spot is divided into ten areas including Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Tianjingxia Ground, Labyrinth River, and Longqiao River. There are many and weird karst cave shafts, and countless legends haunt them.Youyang Peach GardenYouyang Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a national forest park, a national 5A-level scenic spot, and a national outdoor sports training base. Located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain. The Fuxi Cave in the scenic spot is about 3,000 meters long, with winding corridors, deep underground rivers, and color1 ful stalactites. The landscape is beautiful.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveJinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District of Chongqing City, about 45 kilometers away from the Central District of Chongqing City. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, the green bamboos form the forest, the environment is quiet, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Little Emei". Among them, Yujian Peak is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; Lion Peak is the most precipitous and spectacular, and the other peaks are also unique.Chongqing People's SquareChongqing's Great Hall of the People, one of the landmarks of Chongqing, gives people the deepest impression than its magnificent appearance resembling the Temple of Heaven. It also uses the traditional method of central axis symmetry, with colonnade-style double wings and a tower ending, plus a large green glazed roof, large red pillars, white railings, double-eave bucket arches, and painted carved beams.1.How deep is the Tiankeng Ground Joint?A.666mB.3,000mC.45kmD.1050m2.Which of the following rocks can you see in Youyang Peach Garden?A.LimestoneB.StalactiteC.MarbleD.Quartzite3.Which attraction is closest to downtown Chongqing?A.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointB.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveC.Chongqing People's SquareD.Youyang Peach GardenBAdvertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics(批评家)seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch”column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!4. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Advertisements steal money from our pocketsB. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D. Advertisements are everywhere.5. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.C. He believes what is said in advertisements.D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.6. Which of the following is Not True?A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.D. Advertisement makes our life color1 ful.7. Whicof the following shows the structure of the passage?( ①=" Paragraph" 1, ②=" paragraph" 2, ③=" paragraph" 3, ④=" paragraph" 4 ⑤=" paragraph" 5)A B.C. D.CBill Gates on how to fight future pandemicsWHEN HISTORIANS write the book on the covid-19 pandemic, what we've lived through so far will probably take up only the first third or so.The bulk of the story will be what happens next.I believe that humanity will beat this pandemic, but only when most of the population is vaccinated(接种疫苗）.Until then, life will not return to normal.As the pandemic slows in developed nations,itwill accelerate in developing ones.Their experience,however,will be worse.In poorer countries,where fewer jobs can be done remotely,distancing measures won't work as well.The virus will spread quickly,and health systems won't be able to care for the infected.Wealthy nations can help.But people in rich and poor places alike will be safe only once we have an effective medical solution for this virus,which means a vaccine.My hope is that,by the second half of 2021,facilities around the world will be manufacturing a vaccine.If that's the case,it will be a history-making achievement: the fastest humankind has ever gone from recognizing a new disease to immunizing（免疫）against it.Apart from this progress in vaccines,two other big medical breakthroughs will emerge from the pandemic.One will be in the field of diagnostics.The next time a novel virus crops up,people will probably be able to test for it at home.Researchers could have such a test ready within a few months of identifying a new disease.The third breakthrough will be in antiviral drugs.We haven't been as effective at developing drugs to fight viruses as we have those to fight bacteria.But that will Researchers will develop large diverse libraries of antivirals,which they'll be able to scan trough and quickly find effective treatments for novel viruses.All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene(干预）early when the number of cases is still very low.Our progress won't be in science alone.It will also be in our ability to make sure everyone benefits from that science.In the years after 2021,I think we'll learn from the years after 1945. With the end of the Second World War,leaders built international institutions like the UN to prevent more conflicts.After covid-19, leaders will prepare institutions to prevent the next pandemic.These will be a mix of national,regional and global organizations.I expect they will participate in regular"germ games”in the same way as armed forces take part in War games.These will keep us ready for the next time a novel virus jumps from bats or birds to humans.I hope wealthy nations include poorer ones in these preparations,especially by devoting more foreign aid to building up their primary health-care systems.This pandemic has shown us that viruses don't obey border laws and that we are all connected biologically by a network of microscopic germs,whether we like it or not.The best analogy(类比）for today might be November 10th 1942.Britainhad just won its first land victory of the war,and Winston Churchill declared in a speech: “This is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning.”8. What are the three technologies that will prepare us for the next pandemic?①manufacturing a vaccine fast②diagnosing a virus at home③developing antiviral drugs④allowing us to intervene earlyA. ①②③B. ①②④C. ①③④D. ②③④9. As far as poorer countries areconcerned,which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?A. pandemic disease is more likely to begin in poorer countriesB. Working from home can work well in poorer countries.C. Health systems are sufficient to care for the infected in poorer countries.D. Virus will cross borders if poorer countries fail to contain it.10. Why is the Second World War mentioned in Para.8?A. The fight against the COVID-19 is similar to the Second World War.B. People are suffering just as they were in the Second World War.C. We should cooperate globally just as we did after the Second World War.D. Countries are fighting each other like in the Second World War.11. What is the tone of this passage?A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. neutralD. indifferentDGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.12. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields13. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems15. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demand第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷解析版
高考英语二模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，共22.0分）ACalled "the man who shaped America" and "the father of modern industrial design" ，Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time．He revolutionized the industry，working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators，from cars to the interiors of spacecraft．Loewy's design all had one thing in common．They were shaped by the MAYA principle - Most Advanced Yet Acceptable．His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs．After a short period as a fashion illustrator，Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by re-designing a copying machine for the British manufacturer，Sigmund Gestetner．The 28-year-old designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years．The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining （流线型）．He described this as "beauty through function and simplification"．He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos to the interiors of stores．The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action．He is perhaps most famous for his re-design of the Lucky Strike packaging．In 1940 ，the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company，George Washington Hill，bet Loewy 美元50，000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike．Loewy accepted the challenge．He changed the background of the packet from green to white．Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet．This made it more eye-catching and greatly increased sales．It is now recognized as a design classic．Loewy's logo design aimed at "Visual retention"．He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo，even for a short while，would never forget it．He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil ，Exxon，Greyhound and Nabisco．By the mid-20th century，his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say "the average person，leading a normal life…is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things，service or structure" designed by his firm．1.Loewy's biggest influence was in ______ ．A. completely changing the design industryB. successfully shaping Americans' tasteC. changing people's idea about designD. building a professional design team2.Loewy's designs were based on the idea of ______ ．A. providing most immediately recognizable designsB. providing completely different designsC. speeding up the design processD. offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems3.Loewy's logo designs aimed at ______ ．A. making the companies well knownB. bringing freshness for a short whileC. attracting people to the companies' historyD. making company symbols very memorable4.What can we infer from the last paragraph______A. Loewy provided service to ordinary people．B. Loewy's designs were famous and influential．C. Loewy's design firms existed all over the world．D. Loewy was welcomed and respected by the public．BA familiar voice is just few digits away from you．Whether you prefer high-tech options or more traditional landlines，there are affordable way to call home when you travel abroad，even if you don't carry an internationally-capable cellphone．Repaid Calling CardsRepaid calling cards provide the ultimate in flexibility：they can be used from most locations，including pay phones，cell phones and landlines．But not all calling cards are equal，especially overseas．Compare the rate options associated with different cards，whether you buy them before you travel or on the road．Some charge a pre-connection fee as well as a per minute fee，for example．Callback ServiceAs the name suggests，these services call you and then place your call at cheaper rates．You initiate the call by dialing a "trigger number -a connection to the call-back service's computers．Let the call ring once and then hang up．The computer calls you back from the United States using lower international rates and makes the connection after verifying your account number．Often cheaper than direct-dial calls，but the services may not work at hotels，where staff may not accept the return calls．The service is welcome to those who make lots of international calls．Voice Over Internet Protocol （VoIP）VoIP works by digitalizing your voice and sending it via the Internet to the person you're calling，who hears it on his PC speakers，or by routing it through regular telephone lines to anyone's standard phone line．VoIP services generally work best with a broadband or wireless Internet connection and can be used from hotel rooms，Internet cafes or wireless hot spots if you have a notebook computer．Since most calls use the Internet，and connections into and out of the Internet are typically local calls，the rates are astonishing low．5.According to the passage，if computer technology is not available，travelers are advisedto call by ______ ．A. landlineB. repaid calling cardC. callback serviceD. pay phone6.What is focused on in the callback service______A. Making a phone call as brief as possible．B. Taking advantage of the hotel phone call service．C. Saving on calls by calling from home．D. Using the bank account for call pay in any country．7.The passage is mainly intended to ______ ．A. offer tips to travelers on how to call home for lessB. help travelers find the easiest way to call back homeC. introduce the optional approaches to family connectionD. advise travelers to call home through broadband or wireless InternetCTourism is a leisure activity，whose prework means just the opposite．Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that，it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time，which is arranged beforehand．Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to，and their stay in，various destinations．This necessarily involves some movement，that is the journey，and a period of stay in a new place or places．The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places，of residence and work，and are of a short-term and temporary nature，and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time．Modern societies engage in such tourist practices．New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists，as opposed to the individual character of travel．Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation （期望）especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures，either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there．Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-tourist practices，such as films，TV，literature，magazines，records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming．Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience．Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary．The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life．People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs，postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured．One of the earliest research paper on the subject of tourism is Boorstin's analysis of the "pseudo-event" （1964）where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience "reality" directly but are happy with "pseudo-events"．Isolated from the host environment and the local people，the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man-made attractions，and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding the real world outside．Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self- perpetuating（自我延续的）system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit．Such visits are made，says Boorstin，within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment．8.In the 1st paragraph，the author wants to say that before you travel to a new place______ ．A. making a careful travel plan is necessaryB. planning travel involves time and thoughtC. getting travel tips from your friends may save timeD. choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable9.The sentence "the viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of socialpatterning" in the 3rd paragraph means ______ ．A. traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routineB. new environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractiveC. tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experienceD. travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values10.We can infer from the last paragraph that ______ ．A. when travelling，many tourists will miss their homes and friendsB. visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of timeC. the virtue of travel is to interact with a culture different from your ownD. American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside11.Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage？______A. Tourism，an Outlook on Different LifeB. Tourism，a Direct Hug of NatureC. Tourism，a New Relation to Familiar SightsD. Tourism，a False Belief about the World二、阅读七选五（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）A scheme was first put forward recently by an expert that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home．(1) One very experienced social worker expressed his serious reservation about the scheme in a television interview．When asked to explain why，he thought for a moment and finally confessed "Well，I guess because it's new．That's my only reason．Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison．(2) Nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison．(3) "If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this，what is to prevent him from killing somebody else？" This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system．One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself went off to commit another crime．The reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it．A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime．A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime．No immediate action was taken on the proposal．It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully．(4) Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it．A．The idea，however，was not rejected．B．They should spend their lives in prison．C．It met with strong objections．D．Most of the criminal cases are unpredictable．Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．E．Some critics rushed to take extreme cases．F．The shame of having a criminal record was adequate for them．12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）The novelist's medium is the written word．One might almost say the(16)world．Typically the novel is consumed by a silent，individual reader，who may be anywhere at the time．The paperback novel is still the cheapest，most portable and adaptable form of (17) entertainment．It is limited to a single channel of information-(18)．The narrative can go，effortlessly，anywhere，into space，people's head，palaces，prisons and pyramids without any consideration of cost or practical possibility．In determining the shape and content of his narrative，the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria （标准）．The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience．He may be advised by his editor to revise his (19)，but if the writer refused to meet this condition，no one would be surprised．It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript and expect the publisher to print it(20)as written．However，not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit （提交）a script and expect it to be(21) without any rewriting．This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative，using more than one channel of (22)．The production of a stage play involves，as well as the(23)of the author，the physical presence of the actors，their voices and gestures，the "set" and possibly music．Although the script play is the essential part of both play and film，it is a(24) for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and other creative people involved．They're given "approval" of the choice of a director and actors and have the right to attend(25)，during which period they may undertake more(26) work．In the case of screenplay，the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work．Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of(27) in this respect．In film or television work，on the other hand，the screenplay has no(28) rights to this degree of consultation．While the script is going through its various(29)，the writer is in the driver's seat，although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director．But once the production is under way，artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director．This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama，who tend to give all the(30) or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors，ignoring the contribution，for good and ill of the director．16. A. old-fashioned B. fixed C. presented D. printed17. A. social B. narrative C. favorite D. easy18. A. sourcing B. surfing C. writing D. receiving19. A. text B. publication C. ambition D. attitude20. A. simply B. eventually C. freely D. exactly21. A. performed B. approved C. covered D. continued22. A. information B. approach C. setting D. communication23. A. fame B. words C. presence D. rights24. A. basis B. reference C. plan D. rule25. A. assemblies B. performances C. rehearsals D. negotiations26. A. recording B. evolving C. bargaining D. training27. A. actors B. directors C. audiences D. authors28. A. procedural B. personal C. contractual D. equal29. A. drafts B. arrangements C. additions D. definitions30. A. hope B. work C. credit D. profit四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）31. A Venturing PilotCharles Lindberg born in December Michigan was raised on a farm in Minnesota，where his father（1）______（elect）to the U．S．Congress in 1907．From then on，he spent his boyhood alternatively in Washington D．C．，and Little Falls，Minnesota．（2）______ Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent，in 1921，he was admitted to the University of Wisconsin to study engineering．（3）______（seek）more challenges，he left university before graduation and became a pilot，who performed exciting flight show at country fairs and public assemblies．This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid off so greatly in the sense that it allowed him to gain all-round experience inflying．He was particularly delighted in（4）______ he called "wing-walking" and parachute jumping．（5）______（train）in air service for a year，Lindberg completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class．He was offered a job in Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St．Louis in Missouri where he retained his job （6）______ 1927，running the routes between St．Louis and Chicago．During this period，he set out to win the Raymond B，Orteig prize of $25，000 to be awarded to the first pilot （7）______（fly）nonstop from New York to Paris．He knew this ambitious flight（8）______（change）his life．On board the greatest adventure of his time，Lindberg left Roosevelt Airport at 5：52 a．m．on May 20，1927 and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5：24 p．m．the next day．Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived，Lindberg carried letters of introduction to the officials in Paris，but when his plane came to a stop，he found himself （9）______（crowd）with welcoming people．He was decorated in France，Great Britain，and Belgium．President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser，the Memphis to bring him back．His accomplishments in flying brought（10）______ more medals and awards that had ever been received than any other person in private life．-525.0Sweden is one of the most creative countries in the world，yet has a culture that warns against boasting about its success in public．And is this (1) manner a help or an obstacle when it comes to start-up？From household names such as Spotify and Skype，to gaming leaders King and Mojang，Sweden is a land of (2) for industrial changes and new products．Despite just 10 million(3) occupying a land mass largely defined by forest wildness，the nation has in recentyears created billion-dollar companies per head than everywhere else outside SiliconValley．The more familiar narrative for Sweden's start-up success story typically includes thefollowing factors．It has strong digital facilities，a highly educated，tech-experienced workforce，and an ideal population size for testing innovations．And for those whoseideas are not in line，there is a strong social welfare (4) to set them back on their feet．While Ingvar Kamprad，founder of Ikea，has emphasized his being modest andeconomical in his attitude，research is always at the heart of Ikea's (5) ．These firm-held cultural features have (6) the attention worldwide．Local and global observers areadmiring their constant role in promoting Sweden's lively economy．"Trying to keep boasting to a (7) and finding a common ground so that everybody is on the same page" remain to be two of the most spreading practice in the Swedish workforce，says Lola Akinmade Akerstrom，a cultural commentator，who (8) this in her recent book Lagorm：The Swedish Secret of Living Well．Rather than focus on a rock star's or a CEO's "killing it" ，in Swedish business ："It's about everybody getting together，making sure their voices are heard (9) ，so that they can all reach a most desirable solution together，" she says．This culture has its roots in what Swedes call "Jantelagen"，which describes a century-old tradition that discourages unnecessary (10) of wealth or success．In other words，nobody should consider themselves better than anyone else．32.技术员给他推荐的这款新软件应能帮助他快速适应新的书写方式．（adapt）______33.虽然她有一份收入不错的工作，但是因为她不善管钱而经常入不敷出．（lack）______34.你电脑用得越熟练，你找到秘书工作的可能性就越大．（the more…．the more）______35.早餐要营养丰富，易于消化，使人有饱腹感，这样才能让人们工作时间更长而不感觉疲惫．（need）______六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）36.Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize in no more than 60 words the mainidea of the passage and how it is illustrated．Use your won words as far as possible．Blowing a Few TopsEver stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions？It's not all death，destruction and hot liquid rock-scientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one sucheruption．Solar geoengineering involves simulating a volcano by spraying aerosols（气溶胶）into the atmosphere．When they combine with oxygen，droplets of sulfuric acid （硫酸）form．These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth，cooling the planet．All good in theory，but the consequences are largely unknown and a few could be disastrous．Ina study recently published in Nature Communications，researchers led by AnthonyJones，a climate scientist from the University of Exeter，found that using this technology in the Northern Hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical winds hitting theU．S．and Caribbean．But there's an annoying exchange：more winds in the Southern Hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa．That's because the entire climate system is linked-disrupting one region will invariably affect another．How woulda nation react if another was causing its weather to get much worse？Would that be anact of warThere is，however，a case for using solar geoengineering on a global scale．Jones says it could be used to "take the edge off" the temperature increases scientists arepredicting．It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies．The study also highlights a far bigger problem with solar geoengineering：its complete lack of regulation．"There's nothing that could stop one country just doing it，" Jonessays．"You only need about 100 aircraft with three flights per day．It would cost 1 billion to 10 billion per year．" He adds，"It's deeply disturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence on the climate，yet there's just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it．"Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand，as well as far more work that will need to be done before solar geoengineering is consideredsafe-or too dangerous to even discuss．37.Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructionsgiven below in Chinese．校学生会开展了教科书再利用（the recycling of textbooks）的活动，号召高三学生把自己的教科书留给新生使用．你愿意参加这样的活动吗？假如你是李华，请向学生会发一份email进行回复，表明你的态度，并说明你的理由．答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】D 【小题4】B【解析】ADDB1．A．细节理解题．根据第一段He revolutionized the industry，working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators，from cars to the interiors of spacecraft．可知，他彻底改变了行业，作为顾问工作了超过200家公司和创造设计从包装到冰箱，从汽车到飞船的内部．由此可见，他Loewy最大的影响是彻底改变了这个行业．故选A．2．D．细节理解题．根据第二段His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs．可知，他的想法是，如果设计问题的解决方案与目前的设计有太大的不同，人们就不会接受．由此可见，Loewy的设计是基于对问题提供原创性而非革命性的答案的想法．故选D．3．D．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段内容Loewy的标志设计旨在"视觉保留"．他想确保任何人看到这个标志，即使是很短一段时间，也不会忘记它．他为壳牌石油、埃克森美孚（Exxon）、灰狗（Greyhound）和纳比斯科（Nabisco）等著名公司设计了许多高度可见的标志．可知他的标志设计旨在使公司的标志非常令人难忘．故选D．4．B．推理判断题．根据最后一段By the mid 20th century，his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say ‘the average person，leading a normal life lose is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things，service or structure' designed by his firm．可知，到了20世纪中期，他的工业设计公司非常有名，以至于他可以说："普通人，过着正常生活的人，必然会每天接触到一些东西，服务或结构．都是由他的公司设计的．由此可见，Loewy的设计是著名的和有影响力的．故选B．本文主要介绍了被称为"美国人塑造"和"现代工业设计的父亲"，雷蒙．洛伊威．他是一个最具影响力的设计师之一．他彻底改变了行业，在创造设计方面从包装到冰箱，从汽车到飞船的内部，他涉及的行业很多，许多非常有名的标识著名公司如壳牌石油、埃克森、灰狗和纳贝斯克都是他设计的．本文是一个人物故事类阅读理解，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．5.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】C【解析】1．B 细节理解题．根据第三段"You initiate the call by dialing a "trigger number -a connection to the call-back service's computers．Let the call ring once and then hang up．The computer calls you back from the United States using lower international rates and makes the connection after verifying your account number．Often cheaper than direct-dial calls，你先拨一个"扳机号码--回拨服务的计算机的连接"．让电话铃响一次，然后挂断电话．计算机用较低的国际费率从美国回拨你，然后接通核实您的帐号后．通常比直拨电话便宜，"可知回拨电话比直接拨打电话便宜．故选B．2．C 细节理解题．根据第三段"As the name suggests， these services call you and then place your call at cheaper rates．顾名思义，这些服务会给你打电话，然后以较低的价格给你打电话"可知the Callback Service的优点是打电话便宜．故选C．3．C 目的意图题．阅读全文以及根据第一段"there are affordable way to call home when you travel abroad，当你出国旅行时，有一种经济实惠的方式打电话回家"可知本文的目的是介绍家庭联系的可选方法．故选C．本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家庭联系的可选方法．本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息？或是其变体．搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息．在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节．做这类题一般采用寻读法？即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案．8.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】D【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据文章第一段 Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that，it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time，which is arranged beforehand．作为一名游客是"现代"的明显特征之一，而旅游的流行概念是，它是在特定的地方组织起来的，并发生在一段时间内，这是事先安排的．可知计划旅行需要时间和思想；故选B．2．D．推理判断题．根据文章第三段The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life．观看这些旅游景点往往涉及不同形式的社会模式，对景观或城镇景观的视觉元素比日常生活中通常发现的要敏感得多．可知旅行就是去看地标，发现未知的生活方式和价值观；故选D．3．B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段 Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self- perpetuating（自我延续的）system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit．随着时间的推移，不同的旅游景点产生的图象导致了一个封闭的自我永久化（自我延续的）的错误信念系统，为游客提供了选择或决定潜在游览地点的基础．可知游览热门旅游景点只是浪费时间；故选B．4．D．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段 Such visits are made， says Boorstin， within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment．这种参观是在熟悉的美国风格酒店的"环境泡沫"中进行的，说的，它使游客远离东道国环境的陌生．可知文章的最佳标题是旅游业，对世界的错误认知；故选D．本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了旅行和停留的定义是在正常的地方以外，居住和工作，是短期的和暂时的，并且有明确的意图在相对较短的时间内回家．阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．12.【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】F 【小题3】E 【小题4】A【解析】CFEA1．C．文章衔接题．根据前文A scheme was first put forward recently by an expert that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home．可知最近，一位专家首次提出了一个方案，即把某些罪犯关进他们自己家里的监狱．C项：It met with strong objections．它遭到强烈反对．符合文意，故选C．2．F．理解判断题．根据后文Nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison．可知把某些类型的罪犯送进监狱没有取得任何积极成果．F项：The shame of having a criminal record was adequate for them．有犯罪记录的耻辱对他们来说已经足够了．符合文意，故选F．3．E．联系下文题．根据后文"If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this，what is to prevent him from killing somebody else" 可知"如果让一个杀人犯在这样的社区里逍遥法外，还有什么能阻止他去杀人呢？"E项：Some critics rushed to take extreme cases．一些批评人士急于拿极端的例子．符合文意，故选E．4．A．语境辨析题．根据后文Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it．可知几个国家政府任命了专家来调查这个计划，并提出支持或反对的建议．A项：The idea， however， was not rejected．然而，这个想法并没有被拒绝．符合文意，故选A．本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要就"罪犯是否应该关在监狱里"进行了讨论．专家们有不同的想法和观点．有的人认为犯罪记录的耻辱对他们来说已经足够了，不需要再把他们关在监狱里．做七选五题目时要注意以下规则：1．放进去通顺，这一点是基础．凡不通顺的必错无疑；2、选项中有单词、词组、句子成分或与所选答案所在段内容重合；3、选项与其上句或下句之间有必然的逻辑关系；4、选项全部内容都属于正确答案所在段．有时备选答案中可能含有甲乙两项内容，这时，只有当甲和乙都归属于本段时，答案才是正确的．16.【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】A 【小题5】D 【小题6】A 【小题7】D 【小题8】B 【小题9】A 【小题10】C 【小题11】A 【小题12】A 【小题13】C 【小题14】A 【小题15】C【解析】DBCAD ADBAC AACAC1．D．考查形容词辨析．A．old-fashioned过时的；B．fixed 固定的；C．presented 提出；D．printed印刷；根据前文The novelist's medium is the written word．可知几乎可以说是印刷界．故选D2．B．考查形容词辨析．A．social社交的；B．narrative 叙述；C．favorite最喜爱的；D．easy 容易；平装小说仍然是最便宜的，最便携和最适合的叙事娱乐形式．故选B3．C．考查动词辨析．A．sourcing采购；B．surfing 冲浪；C．writing写作；D．receiving 接收；根据后文 The narrative can go， effortlessly， anywhere， into space， people's head， palaces，。
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黄浦区2022年高考模拟考
英语试卷参考答案
I. Listening Comprehension
1-5 CDCDB 6-10 ACDBA
11-13 CBD 14-16 CBA 17-20 ABCD
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21. alerting 22. was launched 23. held 24. sharper 25. that
26. without 27. what 28. which 29. could/can/may/might 30. so that
Section B
31. B 32. I 33. D 34. K 35. G 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. H 40. J
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. A
51. B 52. D 53. D 54. B 55. A
Section B
56-59 DCAB 60-62 CBD 63-66 CBAC
Section C
67-70 BDCF
IV. Summary Writing
71. Teamwork is important for any group to reach its goals for three reasons. Firstly, pooling talents helps to solve problems and motivate innovation and success. Secondly, teamwork enhances efficiency and productivity due to shared workload, reduced stress and specific tasks. Finally, teamwork multiplies learning opportunities for both experienced members and newer ones, encouraging sharing and maximizing team’s potential. (58 words)
V. Translation
72. Foreign tourists are expected to know and obey the local laws and regulations.
73. Never did it occur to / It never occurred to the kids/children that they would one day be lucky to watch
astronauts doing experiments at the space station.
74. It is the effective measures taken by the non-profit organizations that have created good conditions for the
career development of the disabled.
75. A literary work/A work of literature, whether inspired by dreams or reality, can become a great/good one
only when it is integrated into personal social experiences.
VI. Guided Writing
Omitted.。