人教版九年级英语第八单元基础知识整理
人教版九年级英语第八单元知识点总结
Unit 8 It must belong to Carla.
一．单词
whose truck picnic rabbit attend valuable pink anybody happening noise policeman wolf uneasy laboratory outdoors coat sleepy land alien run after suit express all the same time circle Britain mystery receive historian leader midsummer medical purpose prevent energy position burial honor ancestor victory enemy period hard-working
情态动词表推测：语气+时态
（一）情态动词表推测的三种语气;
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。
He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。
Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？
（注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态:
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+ 动词原形”。
She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+ be”，“情态动词+be doing”或“情态动词+ 动词原形”（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+ have +过去分词”。
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？
总结：对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态
语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱）
肯定句：must、may、might（=could）
否定句：can’t（=couldn’t）、mayn’t、mightn’t
疑问句：can、could（语气更加委婉不确定）
时态部分：
be表示对现在的推测:
have done表示对过去的推测:
be doing表示对正在进行的推测
语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测
There be 句型表推测
There+情态动词＋be/do sth
There+情态动词＋be doing sth
There+情态动词＋have done sth
二．1.attend/join/join in/take part in
1)join有两个用法：
(1)指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。如：
①When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？
②She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。
(2)和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根据上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。如：
①Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？
②He'll join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。
③We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us?
我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗？
2)join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。
①Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。
②Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
3)take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
①We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
②We often take part in physical labor. 我们经常参加体力劳动。
【注意】take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。如：
①Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。
4)attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。如：
①He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
②I attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。
2.value相关
Value
名词
(1)价值(不可数名词)
①His advice is of great value to me. 他的忠告对我很有价值。
(2)益处，重要性(不可数名词)。
①In fact, sports and games can be of great value to people's health.
实际上，体育运动对人们的健康很有益处。
②We have already realized the value of good story books to children.
我们已经认识到好的故事书对孩子们的益处。
动词
①评价，尊重，重视
I value our friendship very much. 我非常尊重我们的友谊。
valuable (宝贵的，有价值的)和invaluable (极宝贵的，极有价值的)并不是一对反义词，而是一对意义相近的词，后者比前者语气更强，相当于extremely valuable。如：
It was a valuable (an invaluable) painting. 那是一幅很有(极有)价值的画。
valuable (宝贵的，有价值的)与valueless (无价值的，没有用的)是一对反义词。如：
This jewellery is valueless; it is made of glass and ordinary metals. 这首饰不值钱，它是由玻璃和普通金属做的。
注：valueless 和worthless 是同义词，均指“无价值的”、“不值钱的”。
3.happen
a.表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在2003年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
b.表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达。
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦？
c.表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。d.happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时，还可用“It happens / happened that...”这一结构来表达。
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. 碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。
It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。注：that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”结构互换。
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. = Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
4.noise/sound/voice
sound泛指任何声音，不论其高低、是否悦耳等。如：
I heard the sound of running water. 我听见流水声。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
noise表示“噪音、喧闹”，指的是人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声。它可以作可数名词，也可以用作不可数名词。如：
I heard some strange noises last night. 昨夜我听见一些奇怪的响声。
There's a lot of noise here. 这个地方人声嘈杂。
voice用于人时，指说话、歌唱或发笑的声音，也可指发言权。用于其它方面时，常含悦耳之声，如鸟鸣声，乐器声音等。如：
Please speak in a louder voice. 请大声说。
5.wolf
wife,knife,wolf,life,half,shelf,leaf,thief
这些可数名词由单数变复数时都是变f/fe为v，加-es.
这样记：妻子拿小刀要了狼的命，把它劈成了半，放在架子上，用树叶盖好，却被小偷偷走了
6.suit /fit/match均可表示“适合”。
1) fit“大小，尺寸”的适合：
The dress fitted her nicely. 这套裙子穿在她身上太合适了。
2) suit指“颜色，图案”的适合：
The color of the new dress suits my mother very well. 这件新衣服的颜色很适合我妈妈。
3) match指“和……匹配，和……相称”：
Rose's clothes and hat don't match. 罗丝的衣服和帽子不协调。
7.receive/accept
receive通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”，而accept则指主动地“接受”。如：
She received his present, but she didn't accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受。
8.the purpose of doing sth
9.prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth “阻止某人做某事”
在主动式中,stop sb.from doing sth.和prevent sb.from doing sth.中的介词from可以省略,但keep sb.from doing sth.中的介词from不能省略（keep sb.doing sth.意思为让某人一直做某事）.在被动式中三个词组中的from都不能省.
10.归属的句子
问句：whose book is this?=whose is this book?=who does this book belong to?=Who is the owner of this book?
回答：This is my book.=This book is mine.=This book belongs to me.=I am the owner of this book.
This is Tom’s book.=This book is Tom’s.=This book belongs to Tom.=Tom is the owner of this book. belong to 意为“属于”，它一般不用于
进行时态和被动语态。如：
The hair band belongs to Anna. (√)
The hair band is belonging to Anna. (×)
The hair band is belonged to Anna. (×)
此外, belong to sb. 通常可以和名词性物主代词或名词所有格(一般是’s 所有格)互相转换。
The blue jacket belongs to him / Jerry. →The blue jacket is his / Jerry’s.
11.what’s wrong=what’s up=what’s the matter=what’s th e tr ouble=what’s the problem=what happened
12.Well, where did you last put it ?
last adv. 上次; 最后一次
last除用于句末外, 还常置于句子中间。
When I last saw her, she was working in Shanghai.我上次见她时, 她在上海工作。
When did you see him last?你最近见到他是什么时候?
latest 最近的；最新的
13.remember to do/remember doing
remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
14.Pick up
1. 表示“拾起”?“拿起”?“捡起”(某物)；“扶起”(某人)等意思。
He picked up the dictionary at hand and began to look up the new word in it.
他拿起手边的词典开始查找这个生词。
2. 表示“中途搭载乘客”?“(用车)来接人”等意思。
Wait here and I’ll pick you up at two o’clock. 在这儿等着，两点钟我来接你。
3. 表示“意外发现”；(指不是通过正规教育和指导) “学到”?“掌握”；
(尤指偶然地)得到消息。例如：
While working in the factory, the students picked up a great deal of information on machinery.
在工厂劳动期间，学生们学到了许多关于机械方面的知识。
4. 表示“收拾”?“整理”等意思。例如：
The teacher told the students to pick up everything on the floor and get the room tidy before they went out.
老师告诉学生们在出去之前把地上的东西收拾起来，把房间整理干净。
15.Neighbor
neighbor 邻居指人
neighborhood 邻居指地区也可指附近地区的人
16.too; also; either
too “也” 肯定句。句末。
also “也”肯定句。句中，be，情态动词后面,行为动词前。
either “也”否定句。句末。
She is a singer, too. 她也是个歌手。
He can also sing the English song. 他也可以唱英文歌。
If you don't go to the park, he won't go there ,either. 如果你不去公园，他也不去。
17.Maybe/may be
maybe是副词，意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
Maybe you put the letter in your pockets. 大概你把信放在衣袋里了。
在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。
He may be a soldier. 他可能是军人。
maybe和may be可相互转换。
He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。
You may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。
18.Simply
adv.
简单地; 简明地; 简易地Say what you mean clearly and simply.请简单扼要地说明你的意思。
朴素地; 率直地My grandmother lived very simply.我祖母生活非常简朴。
单单, 仅仅=only This drink consists simply of fresh oranges. 这种饮料仅含新鲜柑汁。
[加强语气]真正, 的确; 非常, 极, 简直, 完全It is simply beautiful. 这个的确是美。
19.I don’t think that is going to happen.
(1)be going to 将要
(2)否定转移
条件有三：这三个条件必须同时满足，缺一不可！
1.主语只限I和we；
2.主句谓语是一般现在时
3.谓语动词应是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等。
I don’t imagine the meeting will take more than an hour. 我想会议不会超过一小时。
20.Because/ since/as/for
四者均可用来表示原因，区别如下：
(1) 关于because：语气最强，表示直接原因，可用于回答why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等，而其余三者均不行：
“Why didn’t he come?” “Becaus e he was ill.” “他为什么没来?”“因为他病了。”
My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples. 我肚子痛，因为苹果吃得太多。
That’s because you can’t appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。
It is because he is honest that I like him. 是因为他诚实我才喜欢他。
(2) 关于since 与as：
a. 两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的，即对已知事实提供理由，而不是表示直接原因。since 比as 语气稍强，且比as 略为正式，它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后：
As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿，我留了个口信。
Since you are wrong, you should apologize. 你既然错了，就应该道歉。
b. since 可用于省略句，而其他三者不行：
Since so, I have nothing to say. 既然如此，我无话可说。
(3) 关于for：是并列连词(其余三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后，且可与because 换用)；有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后，但不能与because 换用)。比较：
The ground is wet, for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨，你看今天早上地面是湿的。(此句不能用because 代for)
21.Not only...but also
a.当not only…but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
b.为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。
Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.
c. 该结构中的also有时可以省略，或将also换成too, as well（置于句末）。如：
He not only washed the car, but polished it too [as well].
His name is known not only in Japan, but in China. 。
22.I’ll call them now to check if anybody has it.
anybody, anyone的用法
1. 表示“某人”，常用于否定句、疑问句及条件句，用以代替someone, somebody (常译为：什么人、谁)；表示“任何人”，可用于肯定句(也可用于其它句型)。如：
Did anybody hear of such a thing? 有谁听说过这样的事吗?
I can do it if anybody can. 如果有谁能干这事，我也能。
Anyone can cook；it’s easy. 做饭谁都会，这很容易。
2. 只能指人，不能指物；且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of短语，可用any one (分开写)。如：
any one of the boys (books)孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
23.The noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood.
have fun doing sth. 做某事玩得愉快。
=have a good time doing sth.
=enjoy doing sth.
I have fun flying kites. 我享受放风筝的乐趣。
24.point
point at：指向，主要是指向的近距离的地方。
The teacher point at the blackboard and said: " Please look at these words carefully. "
point to: 指向，指出；主要指的是比较远的地方。
He point to the house on the other side of the river and said: " That is my house. "
point out: 给某人指出方向,错误等
The teacher point out many mistakes in my homework.
25.such so
两者都可以表示“这样”，“如此”的意思。
(1)so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。例如:
I am so glad to hear from my friend.
He writes so well.
(2)such是形容词，用来修饰名词(名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。如果修饰单数可数名词，其后需加不定冠词a或an.例如:
He told us such a funny story.
You are interested in such things.
注意：
当单数可数名词前面有形容词修饰时，也可以用so,但要改变冠词的位置。例如:
He told us so funny a story.
巧记so和such的用法
名前such,形，副so，多多少少也用so.
little属特殊，“小”用such,“少”用so.
说明：1.当名词前有many, much, few和little等词修饰时，要用so而不用such.如:
I have had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.
我摔了很多跤，以致全身青一块紫一块的。
There is so little time that we can't finish work on time.
只有这么少的时间，我们无法按时完成工作。
2.当little作“小的”讲，修饰名词时，其前面仍须用such,而不用so.如:
They are such little children that they can't do anything.
这些孩子太小了，无法做任何事情。
26.当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词
play the guitar play the piano play the violin
当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词
play football play basketball play baseball
27.there be sb./ sth. doing 如：There is a cat eating fish.
28.in the way挡道/in this way以这种方式/on the way在路上/by the way顺便说一下
29. 到达（3）属于玩具卡车戴眼镜发带出席音乐会在音乐大厅在野餐其余的拾起捡起去野餐某个不寻常的东西隔壁邻居感觉不安感觉困倦彼此离开制造恐惧在社区里去游泳池逃跑在实验室没主意追赶赶公交车不但...而且... 洗澡照进纪念祖先多于，超过指出，指明一些...另一些... 一组...的中心一些医疗目的把...放在一起call the police 报警
30.作文
No more mystery in the neighborhood
Last week, in a quiet neighborhood ,something strange happened .Residents heard noises in the night but no one knew why. Victor Smith thought that it was teenagers having fun while Mrs. Smith and their neighbor ,Helen Jones, blamed it on animals.
We now know what was happening in the neighborhood. A ranger’s station is being built in the nearby forest. Trees had to be cut down to make space for the station .This affected some animals living in the forest .A raccoon family lost their home and had problems finding food .The raccoons discovered food in the neighborhood’s garbage bins , so they came back every night.
Now the mystery is solved .People in the neighborhood feel sorry for the raccoons浣熊and they are trying to help them.
社区里不再神秘
上周,在一个安静的社区,一件奇怪的事情发生了。居民在夜里听到的声音,但没有人知道为什么。维克
多·史密斯认为这是青少年乐趣而史密斯夫人和他们的邻居,海伦·琼斯将其归咎于动物。
我们现在知道在附近发生了什么事。管理员的站是建在附近的森林。树木被砍伐使车站的空间。这影响了一些动物生活在森林里。一只浣熊家庭失去了他们的家园,寻找食物的问题。浣熊发现食物在附近的垃圾桶,所以他们每天晚上回来。
现在这个神秘的问题已经解决。社区的人们感到难过,他们正试图帮助他们。
26.补充现在完成时态
⑴由have/ has ＋过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
标志already, just , yet , ever, never,since+时间点,for+时间段，in the last few(five) years, so far
Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？
Yes, I have. I have just finished it.是的。我刚刚完成了。
I have already finished it .我已经完成了。
Have you ever been to China?你曾经去过中国吗？
No, I have never been there.没有，我从来也没有去过。
⑶①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作，以及how long ）
②注：非延续性动词在现在完成时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。应转为相应的延续性动词如：
buy---- have die---- be dead join ---- be in borrow----- keep leave---- be away
I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks.
The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last week.
⑷①have (has) been to + 地点去过某地已经回来
②have ( has) gone to + 地点去了某地没有回来
③have been in + 地点一直呆在某地没有离开过如：
She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)
She ha s gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
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友好的，爽直的孪生的无忧虑的鲁莽的严肃的庄重的伶俐的体格强健的注释解释方面两个都物理然而超出共同的擅长学业功课迫使笑对立的想法观点爱好大多数虽然打败友谊初级的小学的消息资料 写出下列句子 1 他长着比sam更短的头发。 2 他比sam更镇定。 3 pedro 比paul 要滑稽。 4 感谢你的上一封信。 5 这是我和我双胞胎妹妹的照片。 6 就像你看到的，在一些方面，我们看上去一样，在一些方面我们看上去不同。 7 我们两个都长着黑眼睛和黑头发 8 尽管我的头发比他的要短。 9 我们两个都喜欢运动，但是它比我要更强健。 10 他更外向，我更文静。 11 我认为我比她要聪明。 12 我最喜欢的学科是物理和化学，她最喜欢的学科是体育。 13 我们两个都喜欢参加聚会。 14 刘英不止一个妹妹。 15 刘英和刘立有一些相似之处。
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