最新定语及定语从句

定语及定语从句

一，定语

句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。

定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。

eg: She is a beautiful girl. （形容词）

I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. （形容词）（修饰不定代词的定语后置）

He is an English teacher. （名词）

（名词作定语时一般用单数，例外的有sports, 如a sports star）

I have a lot of work to do. （不定式）

The book written by a schoolboy is very popular now. （过去分词短语）

We can see the rising sun. （现在分词）= the sun is rising.

He is in the reading room. (动名词) = the room for reading

The boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother. （从句）

注意：1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面；但当形容词修饰的是something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, everybody, somewhere等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。

present (在场的), absent (缺席的)作定语时需要后置。students present / absent

2. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。

3 分词作定语时，即可放在所修饰词前，也可放在所修饰词后

1）分词前置：单独的一个分词作定语，一般放在所修饰词前。

He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人

2）分词后置分词在以下情况，放在所修饰词的后面

i. 分词词组； There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里

ii. 个别分词如given, left；

This is the question given.这是所给的问题

iii. 修饰不定代词something等

There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西

过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

= Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa

二，定语从句（Attributive Clauses）

在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.

先行词关系词

A．关系词：

关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句，指代先行词，在定语从句中充当句子成分。

Anyone who breaks the law will surely be punished.

1. 先行词指人时，定语从句的引导词：

（1）指人时，who和that都可以使用.

（2）who和whom都可以作定语从句宾语，但从句中的介词提前时，不能用who.

He is the man who / whom I talked to you about.

= He is the man about whom I talked to you.

（3）先行词是人时，只用who,不用或少用that的情况：

a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只用who, 不用that

如果先行词是someone, 也可用that

He is not one who is easily frightened.

I think Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.

The ones who tell lies won’t gain others’ trust.

Anyone who saw the accident should phone the police.

Someone who / that claims to be your uncle wants to see you.

b. 先行词是those时，关系代词一般用who不用that

Those who don’t wish to go need not go.

c. There be 句型中，修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只用who来引导

There is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes.

d. 若一个句子中有两个定语从句，第一个已经用that, 则第二个一般用who

The man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a

report yesterday.

e. 当定语从句与先行词较远时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般只用who

I came across my first teacher in the store yesterday who was still

beautiful.

f 非限定性定语从句只用who来引导, 不用that