The DIANA Approach to Mobile Computing
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
t t s英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century,but regardless of whether it is or isn’ –we won’ do much about it. We will argue overit and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth, ” as if merely recognizing itcould put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough torelieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs —we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’ population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personalfreedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the KyotoProtocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But ithasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the onlysolution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development programmight find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring world widecommitments.s sC) Serious steps have been taken to avoidor stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it undercontrol.58. According to the author’ understanding, what is Al Gore’ view on global warming? A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______. A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich andpoorC) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science andtechnology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________. A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems 61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming. Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan theWebsites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketingcompany, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen — the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself tofriends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. Thedigital bread crumbs( 碎 屑 ) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers toreconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple” Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent ofrespondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths ( 收费 站 ) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobilemovements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personalinformation like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter – at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, youdon’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others ’ secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.C) There should be a distance evenbetween friends.D) There should be fewer disputesbetween friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret (Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology. C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs. D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities. 65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?t A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. C) They rely more and more on electronic devices.D) They talk a lot but hardly do anythingabout it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________. A) people will make every effort to keep it B) its importance is rarely understood C) it is something that can easily be lost D) people don’ cherish it until they lose it2.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are readingthis,congratulations: you are asurvivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before awoman.There are many reasons forthis-typically, men take more risks thanwoman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as oftenas they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “Thisis particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man shouldvisit the doctor every year or two. Forthose over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a50-year-old ma who had delayed doinganything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says,“Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him,but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey,95%of women aged between15and early40s see a doctor once a year,compared to 70%of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says“They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez,if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,”says Dr.Ross Cartmill.“M ost men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases.Besides,the ultimate cost is far greater:it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A.They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B.Their average life span has been considerably extended.C.They have lived long enough to read this article.D.They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A.men drink and smoke much more than womenB.men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC.men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD.men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59.Which of the following best completes the sentence“Geez,if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A.it could happen to me,tooB.I should avoid playing golfC.I should consider myself luckyD.it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr.Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9) A.a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB.a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC.refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD.unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions62to66are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬)by many,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store,but instead will alert their friends,relatives, co-workers,strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last tohear complaints,and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors,according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney,President of the Verde group.”the store loses the customer,but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average,every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other,and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer,a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews.The resulting“snowball effect”can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research,shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems.ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots,cluttered(塞满了的)shelves,overloaded racks, out-of-stock items,long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours,some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly,and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts,pre-stocking sales items,hiring speedy and experienced cashiers,and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly,salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’r e responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch.“Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer,instead of complaining to the rest of the world.Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62.Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63.What does Paula Courtney imply by saying“…the shopper must also find a replacement”(Line2,Para.4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64.Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65.What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66.T o achieve better shopping experiences,customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3.The January fashion show,called Future Fashion,exemplified how far green design has anized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge,the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges.Scott Hahn,cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton,says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine.“Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,”he says.For example,organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress.But some popular synthetics,like stretch nylon,still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers&Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家)who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least25% sustainable.It now counts more than50green designers,up from fewer than a dozen two years ago.This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a( ( s t major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional 过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts 分析师 ) are less sure . Among consumers, only18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconvertedconsumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time toshop, and when she does, she’ on the hunt for“cute stuff that isn’ tooexpensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should beorganized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58.According to Scott Hahn,one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that.A)much more time is needed to finisha dress using sustainablematerials.B)they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials.C)customers have difficultytelling organic from non-organicmaterials.D)quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable.59.We learn from Paragraph3that designers who undertake greenfashion.A)can attend various trade shows free.B)are readily recognized by the fashion worldC)can buy organic cotton at favorable prices.D)are gaining more and more support.60.What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A)She doesn’t seem to care about it.C)She is doubtful of itspractical value.B)She doesn’t think it is sustainable D)She is very muchopposed to the idea61.What does the author think of green fashion?A)Green products will soon go mainstream.B)It has a very promising future.C)Consumers have the final say.D)It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions62to66are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕)of hair,a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink,and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling,a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical,water supplies vary.The differences result from weather patterns.The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.s ( sMost hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes(同位素) . The heaviestraid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring theproportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of haircorresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities andconstructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked theaccuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’ not good for pinpointing 精确定位),”Cerling said .“It’ goodfor eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found nearGreat Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.s When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to theresearchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and westernWyoming.“It’ still a substantial area,” Park said“But it narrows it way downfor me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink ”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64.What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A)There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B)The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C)Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D)It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65.What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A)A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B)A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C)A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D)A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66.What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A)It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B)It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C)It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D)It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long,tense election,everyone has focused on thes t presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, butselfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’ attention.And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they sorarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. Theprevailing theory seems to be that we ’ re all hot-tempered singlemothers who can’ keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, blackwomen still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexedfemales raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed,including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won ’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is knownabout who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans whousually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs( have written about what they ’d like to see Michelle bring to the WhiteHouse —mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to pleaseeveryone —an impossible task. But for many African-American womenlike me, just a little of her poise 沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for theauthor?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-Americanwomen.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American womenaccording to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C)How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D)What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60.What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A)However many fans she has,she should remain modest,B)She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C)However hard she tries,she can’t expect to please everybody.D)She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61.What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A)Help change the prevailing view about black women.B)Help her husband in the task of changing America.C)Outshine previous First Lady.D)Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions62to66are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of2009,they’ll be joined by a new face;Andrew Hamilton,the55-year-old provost(教务长)of Yale,who’l l become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic.Schools in France,Egypt,Singapore,etc,have also recently made top-level hiresfrom abroad.Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays,and like so many businesses,it’s gone global.Yet the talent flow isn’t universal.High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction:outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad.For example,when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president,it wanted a leader familiar with the state government,a major source of the university’s budget.“We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes,the board’s chair.The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson,a69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist(活动家)who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents:fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing,since U.S.schools rely heavily on donations.The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities,meanwhile,are still mostly dependent on government funding.But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number.The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years,prominent schools around the world have joined the trend.In2003,when Cambridge University appointed AlisonRichard,another former Yale provost,as its vice-chancellor,the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen“a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course,fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer.The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body.Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62.What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A)Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B)A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C)American universities are enrolling more international students.D)University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63.What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A)The political correctness.B)Their ability to raise funds.C)Their fame in academic circles.D)Their administrative experience.64.What do we learn about European universities from the passage?A)The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.B)Their operation is under strict government supervision.。
英语通用词汇
Unit 1Text ALanguage PointsNew Wordssalesman n. a man employed to sell goods 推销员；售货员Jack grew up in New York and worked as a salesman at the Fulton Fish Market.The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to.including prep. counted in as part of a whole 包括There are all sorts of animals in the zoo, including bears, pigs, and monkeys.Disney created cartoons with other characters including Minnie Mouse and Donald Duck.avoid v. miss or keep away from, esp. on purpose （故意）避开Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.We can hardly avoid making any mistakes in our work however hard we try.confusion n. the act of confusing; disorder 疑惑（状态）；混乱Creating so much confusion, Mason realized he had better make clear what he was trying to say.As a student progresses through the school, the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase.Phrases and Expressionsfill out write all the necessary information on an official document, form and etc. 填写Don’t forget to fill out the job application carefully. It can make a big difference.All the participants filled out a questionnaire, and answered questions about their age, education and occupation.first name the name or names that come before your family name（姓之前的）名Her first name is Helen, but I don't know her surname.You need to know someone well enough to call him by his first name in this country. family name the name someone shares with all the members of their family 姓His family name is well known to the American public.My family name is among the five most frequently used ones in China.Text BLanguage PointsNew Wordsinterpreter n. a person who puts (a language) into the words of another language usu. by speech 译员，口译者Sally is an excellent interpreter, who is fluent in several foreign languages.Speaking through an interpreter, the foreign tourist said, “I'm very worried about my wife and children!”translator n.a person who changes (speech or writing) from one language intoanother, esp. as a profession 译者，翻译者，翻译家Diana is majoring in English and she hopes to become a translator after graduation.To be a qualified translator, you are supposed to have a good command of two languages and two cultures.hometown n. the town where one was born and / or passed one’s childhood 故乡Sarah left her hometown only a girl of 13 but returned a well-trained doctor.Mary became increasingly homesick, so she fled from New York City to her hometown in Austria.pharmaceutical adj. connected with (the making of) medicine 制药的；药用的The medical company makes a variety of pharmaceutical products.The pharmaceutical industry is highly profitable in some Asian countries.overseas adv. to, at, or in somewhere across the sea; foreign 向海外；在海外；在国外It is easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.The university has over 16,300 students, almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented.artist n. a person who practises or works in one of the fine arts, esp. painting 艺术家；美术家Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public.The artist made a visit to the Southern France, where it was full of beautiful landscape. Internet n.a network in which digital computers are connected to those of another manufacturer〈计〉因特网，互联网With the introduction of the Internet, we can reach out to our friends by e-mail.The Internet is not only a big information provider but also saves us money and time. occupation n. a job; employment 工作；职业Each occupation is commonly associated with a different level of status, usually called an economic class.Every one faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduation from college or university, which plays a vital role in his life.Phrases and Expressionson the coast on the land near the sea 沿岸；在岸上Last summer vacation, David and I spent a whole week on the coast.Because Atlantic College is on the coast, many of these activities are related to the sea.Text CLanguage PointsNew Wordsarchitect n. a person who makes an important plan of any kind; a person who plans new buildings and sees that they are built properly 设计师；建筑师Frank Lloyd Wright, himself later a famous architect, worked in Sullivan's offices as a young man.Besides being a city planner and architect the new president was a writer, a scientist, and an inventor.corporation n.a group of people permitted by law to act as one body, esp. for the purposes of business, with rights and duties separate from those of its members 公司The attention paid to human resource management can be seen in the corporation. The Microsoft Corporation is one of the largest and best-known computer companies in the world.provider n. a person, a company or a factory that supplies sth. needed or useful 供给者，供应者Tencent is the biggest online instant messaging service provider in Asia.An access provider is a company that provides the technical services that allow people to use the Internet, usually in exchange for a monthly payment.software n.the programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the functioning of the hardware and direct its operation 软件Without software, a computer is nothing more than useless glass, wire and plastic.For some reason, many people do not consider it a crime not to pay for computer software.revenue n. the income of a government from all sources appropriated for the payment of the public expenses 国家的收入；税收Personal income tax took up a 7 per cent of the country's total tax revenue last year.In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities.fiscal adj. of or related to public money, taxes, debts, etc. 财政的；公款的The NASA has a budget of $16.2 billion for this fiscal year.Treasury Department is an executive department of American federal government, responsible for handling its fiscal affairs.elementary adj.concerned with the beginnings, esp. with education and study 基本的；基础的In a way, elementary education is more important than middle school education. Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools.career n. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one’s life 事业；职业By the age of thirty-two Rose had reached the peak of her career.My interest in computers since I was young drove me to choose a career in information technology.freshman n. a first year student in high school, college, or an undergraduate program at a university（高中或大学的）一年级学生Miss Green instructed me when I was a freshman in the biology department.It is quite unusual for a freshman to be younger than sixteen or older than twenty-two. desk-top n. the surface of a desk [计]桌面In a single classroom, desktop computers will enable students to work at their own speeds.I learned how to use spreadsheet, database, word processing, graphics and desktoppublishing.vision n.power of imagination and expression; wisdom in understanding the truemeaning of facts, esp. with regard to the future 眼光，洞察力，远见I can’t imagine being married to anyone who doesn’t share my vision and commitment. We need a leader with vision and strong principles to help us out of the political crisis. regarding prep. in reference to; with respect to; concerning 关于；至于Great Britain and France will hold a conference regarding some European economic problems.Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more likely that you would obtain details regarding performance, price and etc., from an advertisement.computing n.a generic term for all mathematical and logical operations carried out according to precise rules of procedure [计] 计算，处理Computing facilities for language research are badly needed in the university.In Cambridge, we're already working on computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the Internet through the radio network.strategic adj. important or essential in relation to a plan of action 重大的，关键的A series of political and legal documents had laid a solid foundation for the long-termdevelopment of a strategic partnership.Although many Fortune 500 companies are making diversity part of their strategic planning process, some programs stand out from the crowd.significant adj. of noticeable importance or effect 意义重大的；重要的After a long meeting of 3 hours, the government has made the most significant decision. Because of the software skills I now had, I became confident of my ability to do more significant things in business.portion n. a section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a whole 部分；一份A portion of the profit has to be used for paying taxes.People today spend a considerable portion of their time looking for the proper way to bring up children.devote v.give or apply (one's time, attention, or self) entirely to a particular activity, pursuit, cause, or person 献身；专心于…I firmly believe that a woman who is a mother should devote herself to her children.We should devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. contact n. connection or relationship 联络；交往I don’t know where he is now. As a matter of fact, I’ve lost contact with him entirely. When someone you know catches a cold, try to avoid physical contact with that person. employee n. a person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation 雇员，雇工The five steps in teaching an employee new skills are preparation, explanation, showing, observation and supervision.Firms can no longer safely assume that every employee walking in the door has similar beliefs or expectations.e-mail n. electronic-mail 电子函件，电子邮件Don’t open that e-mail! An unknown computer virus is attached to it.You can communicate in the quickest possible way with people in many countries by e-mail.mission n. a special assignment given to a person or group 任务，使命Memorizing two hundred words a day is a mission impossible for me.Planned for launch on June 6 and 25, two US rockets will begin their mission to Mars in search of life.cost-effective adj.economical in terms of the goods or services received for the money spent 有成本效益的，划算的The way of reducing carbon dioxide emissions is quick, easy to use and cost-effective. The university has developed the most cost-effective teaching method in the country, and pioneered new methods in distance learning.commit v. devote 致力于If you want to become an actor, you really have to commit yourself to it.Don't commit yourself to any form of full-time higher education if you are not interested in any of the courses available.reflect v. express, give an idea of 表达，反映Higher profits of a company reflect the increased sales of its products.A movie began shooting to reflect the legend of the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaopingin his 20s.investment n.the act or action of using (money) to make more money out of something that will increase in value 投资Some people say that education is the best investment for children.I just paid off my debt and had no more money for investment in the project.current adj. belonging to the present time 当前的Fashion is used to describe very current, very cool ways of looking.The current top target for China is to maintain its rapid economic development. thoroughly adv. fully or completely 彻底地；完全地The land was thoroughly examined before the house was built.After checking her over thoroughly, the doctor had a serious look on his face.revise v. read through (a piece of writing) carefully, making improvements and putting mistakes right 修改，修正The editor-in-chief suggested that a couple of sections of the book should be revised. After a heated discussion, we decided to revise our estimates of population growth in the city.interactive adj. acting or capable of acting on each other 互相作用的，交互式的The interactive features made possible in a network will revolutionize the nature of television again.With the Internet, your children can play interactive games while you're traveling and your partner can deal with their e-mail.milestone n. an important event, as in a person's career, the history of a nation, or the advancement of knowledge in a field; a turning point 里程碑，转折点The treatment of this kind of disease reached a significant milestone in the 1970s. Beijing's winning of the bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games is another milestone in China's rising international status.donate v. give (time, money or other goods) for charitable purposes 捐款，捐献Now users can donate unwanted phones to charities or recycle them.More and more people are willing to donate their organs for use after death.proceeds n. money gained from the sale of sth., or as the result of some activity for getting money 收入，获利We sold the business and bought a big house in Spain with the proceeds.We have reached an agreement that the proceeds of the concert will go to charity. passion n. strong, deep, often uncontrollable feeling 激情，强烈的感情Passion and prejudice govern the world, only under the name of reason.Some educators think that putting too much emphasis on classroom discipline will hold back the students’ passion for study.biotechnology n. the use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes 生物科技；生物工艺学Surveys show that a majority of consumers support biotechnology in most EU countries.Two biotechnology companies say they have developed pigs with organs designed for use in human transplant operations.keen adj. having a strong desire 渴求的，渴望的As a keen reader, I often stay in a library or a bookstore the whole day.Tom is a keen collector of old jazz records, who would exchange anything for one he desires.resource n. an available supply that can be drawn on when needed 资源As a resource, the World Wide Web (Web) contains huge amounts of information. Because Americans believe time is a limited resource, they try to save and manage it. visual adj. of or relating to the sense of sight 视力的，视觉的The visual arts are painting and dancing and etc. as opposed to music and literature. Visual learners would spend more time learning and writing on computer screens. comprehensive adj. so large in scope or content as to include much 全面的，广泛的；详尽的Henry’s news report covering the conference was so compreh ensive that nothing had been omitted.Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.digital adj. expressed in digits, especially for use by a computer 数字的The thousand pictures a year I take of my children on a digital camera are very valuable to me.BBC announced that the landmark London clock, Big Ben, was going digital and that the famous clock hands would therefore be given away!archive n.a place or collection containing records, documents, or other materials of historical interest 档案文件The archive of the great writer's unpublished works is not open to the general public.An archive can refer to technical copies of a computer's files that are stored on a disk or in the computer's memory in a way that uses less space than usual.photography n. the art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces 摄影Bill has done fashion photography for Vogue magazine in the past five years.Besides his passion for sports and music, Ron is also interested in photography.invest v. use (money) to make more money out of something that will increase in value 投资It used to be that only rich people and powerful corporations had the extra money to invest in stocks.The dangers are so great and the cost is so high that some governments are unwilling to invest in nuclear power stations.ambitious adj. full of, characterized by, or motivated by ambition 有雄心的，野心勃勃的Most people who are ambitious and want to accomplish something live on stress.The young man is extremely ambitious and intends to be running his own company by the time he’s 30.launch v. send something out, such as a new ship into water or a rocket into space 发射，发动The small organization has succeeded in launching a campaign to raise $150,000. NASA plans to launch the Space Shuttle Columbia from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on February 28th.broadband n. a frequency band having a bandwidth greater than a voice-grade channel (4kHz) 宽（频）带In 2003, there were 11 million new users in China, which is expected to overtake the United States this year as the world's largest broadband market.All the global growth in the telecommunications service sector over the last decade has come from the mobile sector, broadband, and other data services. telecommunication n.the electronic systems used in transmitting messages, as by telegraph, cable, telephone, radio, or television 电信A new telecommunication system will be set up in the next five years.The telecommunication industry is developing at an incredible rate in China.decade n. a period of ten years 十年We’ve built a lot of equipment for people to do exercise in the past decade.In the past decade, lots of people have traveled along the Silk Road out of curiosity. charity n. an institution, an organization, or a fund established to help the needy 慈善机构；慈善事业；慈善团体It’s really a great honor to take part in such a meaningful activity for charity.It was reported that a number of charities in the city had sent aid to the flood victims. foundation n. an organization that gives out money for certain special purposes 基金会Later, she started the Mary Kay Ash Charitable Foundation, a non-profit group that provides money to support research about cancers affecting women.Joshua Muscat, Ph.D., of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla, New York, also recommends using the newer digital phones, which have less radiation.focus n. a center of interest or activity（兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点The theme is the central focus of the paper, and all your references, arguments, and conclusions should be related to it.There’s bound to be more focus on this tragic and frustrating disease affecting morethan 20 million people worldwide.issue n. a matter of public concern 议题，公众关心的事情On a US presidential election year, job losses are a hot issue.The Vietnam War was an important issue in the United States for many years.access n. means of entering; way in; entrance; means of using, reaching, or entering 入门，方法，通路The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.As a member of our club, you may enjoy access to hundred millions of music, MP3s, songs, movies and software for your computer.Phrases and Expressionsdrop out of leave a school or university before your course has finished; no longer do an activity or belong to a group 从…退学，不参加If you drop out of this race, you can’t join in the national races.Nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime.be involved in take part in an activity or event, or be connected with it in some way 卷入，同…相联The police believed that the four men were all involved in the murder.Over the past 12 years I have been involved in technology research.play an important role in be very important in 起重要的作用The Red Cross has already begun to play an important role in helping to relieve the suffering it causes.Immigration plays an important role in widening the income gap between the skilled and less skilled.in contact with in communication or touch with 同…联系，保持…关系Remember to keep in contact with me by mobile phone.As rock minerals come in contact with water, some dissolve and become part of the surface or ground water system.be committed to be devoted to 从事，投入Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am committed to carrying out the plan. Being committed to your job is fine, but you shouldn’t let work eat up all you leisure time. donate ... to give something, especially money, to a person or an organization in order to help them 向…捐款，把…捐献给Everyone was asked to donate a day’s pay to the combined city charities.More and more people are willing to donate their organs to sick people after their death. work on try hard to improve something or achieve something 致力于，从事Sometimes, the applied scientist finds the "problems" for the theoretical scientist to work on.According to Hopkins, the film turned out to be the most exciting he'd ever worked on.access to the way to enter a place, use something, see someone, and etc. …的入门、方法或途径You need to give the password to get access to the computer system.Access to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.Unit 2Text ALanguage PointsNew Wordscassette n. a container holding magnetic tape 盒式磁带Put a new cassette in the cassette recorder to see whether it works normally.My mother bought me a cassette tape recorder for my birthday.rock n.also rock n’roll, popular modern dance music played loudly on electrical instruments 摇滚乐Many young people today like rock and roll music, for it is more exciting.My parents prefer listening to some light music to rock music.choral adj. of, related or sung by a choir or chorus 合唱团的，唱诗班的Beethoven’s choral symphony played by the pianist attracted the audience at the concert.The girl performed in a choral society when she was in a primary school.complicated adj. not easy to understand or analyze 复杂的；难解的The instructions of the machine are so complicated that no one in our workshop can work them out.The puzzle is too complicated for the young children.fantastic adj. wonderful or superb; remarkable 极好的，极妙的My friends and I had a fantastic trip to Europe last summer. We really enjoyed ourselves there.The fantastic progress in science makes our daily life easier and more comfortable.Phrases and Expressionsall day long the whole day 整天It rained all day long yesterday and I had to stay at home reading some books.The employees have worked all day long since eight o’clock. They must be exhausted. go to sleep fall asleep 入睡You look tired. When did you go to sleep last night?I am used to do some reading before going to sleep.Text BLanguage Pointsairwave n. the medium used for the transmission of radio and television signals 电视或广播的频道Do you know when the famous American comedian hit the airwaves?It has been more than two decades since MTV hit the airwaves.revolutionize v. bring about a radical change in 使革命化The use of atomic energy will revolutionize the lives of coming generations. Television has revolutionized news coverage since it came into our lives.punk n. punk rock; inexperienced young man 朋克摇滚；年轻无知的人Punk rock was popular in the mid-1970s, which was filled with contempt for previous music styles.Punk is a form of hard-driving rock music characterized by harsh lyrics attacking conventional society and popular culture and often expressing alienation and anger. gasp v. breathe with effort, as in choking 气喘After the long run, my breaths were coming in gasps and I sat down on a chair when I got to the finishing line.The little girl gave a loud surprised gasp as she saw the snake in the grass. entertainment n. the act of to amuse and interest 娱乐；娱乐表演A cinema is a place of entertainment.A science fiction cannot be regarded as a mere entertainment, but in fact it tells thereader much more.explosion n. a blowing up, or bursting with a loud noise; a sudden, rapid, and widespread increase 爆炸；扩张，激增After the explosion of the storehouse the storekeeper was dazed.She felt better after her explosion of anger.established adj. recognized and accepted 已制定的，确定的How he was murdered and by whom was never established.He was well established as a painter and he had a lot of fans.unprecedented adj. never having happened before 空前的，前所未有的The enemy mad bombardment caused unprecedented death and destruction in the country.The early 90's found an unprecedented tide of rural workers flooding into big cities in China.unparalleled adj. too great to be equaled 无比的，无双的，空前未有的The young scientists achieved an unparalleled victory in history.The library in our university is unparalleled in the city, which has the largest number of books.original adj. p first; earliest 最初的，最早的The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.Philadelphia was the original capital of the United States.broadcasting n. sending out or communicating, especially by radio or television 广播I am very interested in radio broadcasting, so I choose the broadcaster major in theuniversity.Owing to the broadcast satellites, we can get so many channels and enjoy so many colorful TV programs.switch v. change or exchange 改变，交换He switched the conversation from one subject to another.I used to cook on electricity, but I've switched to gas.react v. act in response to or under the influence of a stimulus 起反应，起作用“How did your mother react to the news?” “She reacted by getting very angry.”Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.enormous adj. very great in size, extent, number, or degree 巨大的，庞大的He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as ￡500 for a single appearance.The rent and cost of maintenance of such a building are enormous, we can hardly afford them.challenge n. the quality of demanding competitive action, interest, or thought 挑战The challenge today is not merely to improve the material standards of living but also to enrich the cultural life.Nowadays many young people pursue careers that offer challenges.Phrases and Expressionsgasp one’s last breath struggle for breath at the point of death 奄奄一息The poor dog was gasping its last breath after it was run over by a truck.The ethical culture is gasping its last breath in the remote village.come along appear; get along 出现；进展You go now, and I’ll come along soon.The work is coming along quite well and our boss is very pleased with it.now that as a consequence of the fact (that) 既然Now that you mention it, I do remember that I promised to buy you a gift.Now (that) you’re grown up, you must stop this childish behavior.switch to turn to 转向Many small towns are not yet switched to the automatic telephone service.I don’t like the TV play. Let’s switch (over) to another program.react to respond to 对…做出反应The doctors and nurses were alarmed at the way in which John reacted to the medicine. The sales manager reacted strongly to the criticism and he slammed the door and left.Text CLanguage PointsNew Wordsunimaginable adj. hard to imagine 想不到的；不可思议的It’s unimaginable to have a life without TV sets or telephones.We had the greatest difficulty unimaginable when we were making the exploration into the desert.pastime n. something done to pass one’s time in a pleasant way; recreation 消遣；娱乐Swimming used to be my favorite pastime, but now I do jogging every morning.My friends and I often play cards at the weekends by way of pastime.practically adv. in fact; almost, nearly 实际上；几乎，差不多We've had practically no fine weather this month, which is very disappointing.He had practically finished his supper when I arrived.meaningful adj. of important meaning, containing information 意味深长的，很有意义的Political independence with economic emancipation would be meaningful.The outdoor training is meaningful to the students’ strength and impendence. accompaniment n. a vocal or instrumental part that supports another陪伴物；伴奏The lovely little girl sang happily to the accompaniment of the piano.Without the music accompaniment, it’s not easy to sin g beautifully.anniversary n. yearly return of the date of an event 周年纪念We were married on 20 May 1996, so every year we have a party on our anniversary. We’ll celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of our company in the hall.funeral n. the ceremonies held in connection with the burial of a dead person 葬礼，出殡The funeral made its way slowly through the silent streets.They decided to hold the funeral in a chapel.soothe v. calm or ease 使平静；安慰The kind-hearted nurse soothed the child who was afraid of the surgery.A nice cup of tea will soothe your nerves.era n. period of history, starting from a particular time or event 时代，纪元；时期Our era produces a host of heroes and heroines.We are lucky to be in a great new era of information.countless adj. incapable of being counted 无数的，数不尽的Each summer, there are usually countless people on the beach. So I would rather not go there.The new students are amazed at the countless reading materials in their library.cable n. a bound group of mutually insulated conductors 电缆；海底电缆The technicians are busy repairing the high-tension cables.We have a more than 40-channel cable TV set, which makes it freer to choose the programs.successive adj. following one after the other 连续的，接连的It had been raining heavily on five successive days in this area and it caused a flood. He underwent three successive operations on the abdomen in two weeks. undoubtedly adv. accepted as beyond question 无庸置疑地；的确There will undoubtedly be trouble with the unions if the union leader is dismissed. Undoubtedly, the mayor will look into the matter as soon as possible.community n. a group of people having common interests（有共同兴趣的）团体；社。
Famous People In the UK 英国著名人物
• John Lennon was shot dead in 1980, by David Chapman – an obsessed fan. The death shocked the world, both musical and non musical.
#6.ISAAC NEWTON (1643 – 1727)
• Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, and is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the most influential people in human history. • Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. • He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.
FAMOUS SCIENTIST
#2.Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Engineer.
#20.Alexander Fleming Biologist, pharmacologist
维克多英语听力
维克多英语听力篇一:_维克多英语听力强化训练高三分册54-49高三英语听力强化训练54（听过）1. Why is the woman sad?A. She couldn’t come along with others.B. She couldn’t do her job better.C. She didn’t get the job.2. What does the woman decide to do?A. Call her boss.B. Take a ta_i.C. Keep waiting. 3. Where will the man probably have his seat? A. In the middle row. B. In the back row. C. In the front row.4. What is the woman probably?A. A teacher.B. A tor.C. A coach. 6. How did the woman get the job?A. An advertiser found her by chance.B. Her school recommended her to an agent.C. Her agent gave her recording to ad agencies. 8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. E_pense of a concert tour.B. A coming concert.C. A travel e_perience. _. Where are the speakers?A. In a store.B. At a bus stop.C. On a street. _. What will the woman do ne_t? A. Go to a park. B. Buy a map.C. Visit an art museum._. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Club owner and customer. C. Driver and passenger._. What can the guests do on the bus? A. Have cold drinks. B. Dance with others. C. Cook food._. What are guests e_pected to do for parties? A. Bring their VIP cards.B. Get dressed smartly.C. Book clubs in advance._. How did the farmer feel about the volunteer fire company at first?A. Pitiful.B. Confident.C. Doubtful._. What do we know about the volunteer fire company? A. It has 65workers.B. It has old fire control equipment.C. It belongs to the town fire department._. How did the farmer e_press his thanks to the volunteer fire company?A. He wrote a thank-you note.B. He gave them a sum of money.C. He asked a reporter to report the company._. Why did the fire truck go straight towards the fire? A. Its brake failed.B. The volunteers were very brave.C. The volunteers were an_ious to put out the fire.高三英语听力强化训练53(听过)1. What does the man think causes the traffic jam? A. Trucks. B. Cars.C. People. 2. What will the man do? A. Give up the problems.B. Go through the problems himself.C. Work out the problems with the woman’s help. 3. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a supermarket. B. In a flower shop. C. Ina restaurant.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. An opera. B. An actor.C. A piece of music. 6. What did the man lose the other day?A. His ID card.B. His credit cards.C. His car keys. 8. What are the woman most probably?A. A host.B. A teacher.C. A farm owner. _. What advice does the man give the woman about the painting course?A. Sign up as soon as possible.B. Do a lot of preparations at first.C. Ask a teacher for personal help._. What attracts the man most to study computing? A. The advanced contents. B. The bright future. C. The teacher. _. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. How the man does his present job. B. What the man did after graduation.C. How the man chose his present profession._. What did the man plan to do when he was in college? A. Work in a company. B. Set up his own company.C. Continue to study business course._. What was the attitude of the man’s parents towards his decision?A. They were satisfied.B. They were angry.C. They were open-minded._. What is the speaker probably doing? A. Giving a campaign speech.B. Introducing the rules of the college.C. Offering advice on improving the college services. _. What does the speaker want to do first? A. Organize a book e_change. B. Control the price of hot meals. C. Found a student advice center._. What will the speaker do to improve the housing in the college?A. Help more students get housing.B. Ask the college authorities for advice.C. Have a proper housing system set up._. Why does the speaker want to invite some speakers to the college?A. To eich students’ daily life.B. To help students know the outside world.C. To get more e_amples for students to follow.高三英语听力强化训练521. Who will smoke the cigarettes?A. The man’s wife.B. The man.C. The woman.2. What is the sign used to remind the woman to do? A. Take her keys.B. Lock the door.C. Close the door.3. Where is Daniela probably? A. In the classroom. B. On her way home.C. At home.4. What does the woman think of the advertisements on TV?A. They are good for eyes.B. They are necessary.C. They aredisturbing.6. What is wrong with the woman’s car? A. It can’t get started very well. B. It often breaks down. C. It often gets damp.8. Whom is the party for?A. Adam.B. Cliff.C. Diana. _. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Reporter and writer.B. Instructor and runner.C. Passenger and conductor._. How many years has the woman been cycling? A. For 5. B. For _. C. For _. _. How does the woman get to know body language in different countries? A. From a meeting.B. From a Japanese woman.C. From traveling around for work._. How did the man react when the Japanese woman bowed?A. He shook her hand.B. He smiled at her.C. He bowed back._. How might the Japanese woman feel about the man’s behavior?A. Interested.B. Respectable.C. Angry. _. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. A friend. B. A book. C. A programme._. What made Susan think that money was important?A. Her father couldn’t buy her clothes.B. Her father was always worried about money.C. Her father went into his burning house to save his money._. What did Susan do when she grew up? A. An advisor.B. A businesswoman.C. A professional writer._. What does Susan try to help people with in her book? A. Achieving happiness. B. Earning more money. C. Getting freedom.篇二:_维克多听力高三分册(44-39篇)印制板_年维克多听力（44）1. When will the man meet Dr Jones?A. At _:_ a.m.B. At 3:_ p.m.C. At 3:30 p.m. 2. What does the woman need?A. Toothpaste.B. Bread.C. Tomatoes. 3. How does the man go to work?A. By bus.B. By car.C. On foot. 4. Where is the woman going on business?A. To Australia.B. To Switzerland.C. To America. 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant.B. In a hotel.C. At a store. 8. What does the woman say about the clinic? A. It can offer her convenience. B. It doesn’t run quite well. C. It is short of tors. _. How does the man think the timetable should be?A. Creative.B. Standard.C. Tight._. What do the students go in for last before lunch? A. The long distance race. B. The throwing events. C. The jumping events._. What is the man?A. A player.B. A student.C. A reporter. _. What is the woman doing?A. Waiting for a tennis star.B. Watching a tennis match.C. Queuing up for a tennis match._. Where does the woman come from?A. London.B. Berlin.C. Wimbledon. _. Which part of the little girl’s body got hurt? A. Her head. B. Her leg. C. Her arm. _. How did the accident happen?A. The little girl fell down while walking.B. Two teenage boys hurt the little girl by mistake. _. What will the temperature be tonight?C. An iron bar thrown from an old factory hit the little A. -8℃.B. -5℃.C. -3℃. girl._. When does the conversation take place? _. How many bank robberies occurred from A. Before the winter vacation. January to June this year?B. During the winter vacation. A. 9.B. _.C._.C. After the winter vacation._. How did the police director feel about arresting the robbers?A. Confident.B. Worried.C. Hopeless. _年维克多听力（43） 1. Where is the e_hibition? A. Near the man’s house. B. In a park. _. Why doesn’t Tony think many children will C. In a school.come for the whole summer?2. Who is the woman most probably talking to? A. The course is much too e_pensive.A. Her boss.B. An accountant.C. A policeman. B. They will be bored with the same activities.3. Why did the man get home so late? C. Their parents will want to stay with them for A. There was a train strike. some time.B. The bus had an accident. _. What should one do first to take the course?C. The motorway was closed.A. Pay for the course.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? B. Visit the school’s website. A. Their children. B. Their jobs. C. Their TV sets. C. Send an application from._. What does Tony remind parents to do?A. Inform him of their children’s special needs.B. Pay the full amount of money immediately.C. Choose the activities in advance. _. What does Tony say about course? 6. Where does the conversation take place?A. It is aimed at teenagers. A. In a shop.B. In a grocer’s.C. In a restaurant. B. It lasts for a full week.C. It consists of different activities. _年维克多听力（42）1. What did the man do to the old windows? A. He had them replaced.8. What is scheduled to happen on Thursday? B. He had them repaired. A. Agree on a design. C. He had them cleaned.B. Start a new project. 2. What are the speakers going to do?C. Finish the reports.A. Play tennis.B. See a film.C. Go to a café. 3. What does the manwant to borrow from the woman?_. What does the man want to do? A. A knife. B. A frying pan. C. A serving dish. A. Put off his trip. 4. What are the speakers discussing?B. Change a ticket.A. A book.B. A film.C. A man. C. Ask about the ticket to London. _. How long does it take the man to get to Amsterdam from Liverpool?6. How does the woman feel about the job hunting? A. Two hours.B. Three hours.C. Four hours. A. Interested. B. Pleased. C. Disappointed. 8. What relation is the woman to Andrew? A. His mother. B. His wife. C. His boss. _. What is the weather like today? A. Snowy and windy. B. Windy and cloudy.C. Rainy and cloudy.1_. How did the man get the news? A. From the newspaper. B. From the woman. C. From the police._. What part of the boy’s body got hurt?A. His leg.B. His mouth.C. His arm. _. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbours. B. Colleagues.C. Husband and wife._. What did the man do this afternoon? A. He did his work.B. He took some e_ercise.C. He replaced his computer._. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Study history with her.B. Help her with the paper.C. Stop playing the piano._. What is the speaker talking about? A. A training opportunity. B.A firefighter centre.C. The Association of Firefighters._. How many students can take the course? A. _.B. 24.C. 1_. _. What kind of students are wanted? A. Hardworking and healthy. B. Tall and strong.C. Brave and confident._. What should students do to apply for the course? A. Meet Elaine Willoughby ne_t week. B. Visit the Central Fire Station. C. Call Elaine Willoughby. _年维克多听力（41）1. What did the man do for his mother? A. He got a book for her.B. He helped her do the gardening.C. He went to shop with her.2. Why didn’t the man do well in the e_am? A. He didn’t understand the questions. B. He didn’t work hard. C. He was too tired.3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. What Nick Hornby will do. B. What How to Be Good is about.C. What books the City Nights Bookstore has. 4. What season is it now?A. Spring.B. Summer.C. Autumn.6. What was the man probably doing when the woman called?A. Watching a game.B. Doing some cleaning.C. Repairing a car.8. How long does the man’s lunch break last? A. Half an hour. B. One hour.C. One hour and a half._. What are the speakers talking about? A. A new study of eyes. B. An article in a magazine. C. The woman’s best friend._. Why does the man ask the woman about her best friend’s face? A. To know something about her best friend. B. To get information for an article. C. To check the truth of study._. What is the probably relationship between the speakers?A. Employer and employee.B. Wife and husband.C. Mother and son. _. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Make out a budget. B. Buy a cheaper guitar. C. Find another job._. What is the man’s problem? A. He can’t join a band. B. He can’t make ends meet.C. He can’t find a satisfactory job._. When is Wildlife on Three usually on?A. At 7:30.B. At 6:45.C. At 6:_. C. He likes English best._. What is the program India Live about?A. Desert.B. Wildlife.C. Lakes and rivers. _. What is the failure of the project on Macquarie Island?A. No good food was provided for the important _. Where does the man probably work? rabbits.A. At a university.B. Too much sea water was allowed to flood in. B. At a house agency.C. The natural balance was destroyed. C. At a store. _. Why were the defences built? _. What is the woman’s requirement for flat? A. To hold back the water.A. It should be close to the university.B. To create an area of wetland. B. It should be in the range of very low prices.C. To protect the wildlife. C. It should have a kitchen combined with a dining _年维克多听力（40）room.1. What does the man think of Maria? _. What can we learn about the first flat on the list? A. She isn’t clever. A. It’s on a quiet street.B. She isn’t friendly.B. It’s a mile from the university.C. She isn’t knowledgeable.C. Its price is over the woman’s budget. 2. How much weight has the man lost since January?A. 6 kilos.B. 7 kilos.C. 9 kilos. 3. What does the man mean in the end?A. A guitar is a good present. _. What is the temperature in London now?B. He will buy a bike for George.A. 23℃.B. _℃C. _℃. C. George will receive some videos as presents. _. What is the weather like in Greece? 4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Cloudy.B. Rainy.C. Sunny.A. A dress.B. A friend.C. A graduation ceremony. _. Which country has the highest temperature today? A. Germany. B. Spain. C. France. _. When is this forecast probably reported? A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? C. In the evening.A. At a ticket office. _年维克多听力（39）B. At a travel agency. 1. Where does the conversation take place mostC. At a waiting room. probably? A. On a place. B. At a theatre. C. In a restaurant.2. How will the man manage to get up on time? 8. Why do the leaders decide to close the club? A. By going to bed earlier.A. They think it is too old.B. By buying a new alarm clock.B. They want to make money.C. By putting the alarm clock out of his reach. C. They think it is useless.3. What do we know about the woman? A. She got caught in a rain.B. She took a shower this morning.C. She had a bad cold.4. What does the woman say about Mike? _. What are the speakers talking about? A. He is in a bad mood.A. What subjects to choose.B. He has a strange personality.B. How to get highest grades.C. He used to get angry at little things.C. What to do after graduation._. What can we learn about the man? A. He does pretty well in Music.6. What can we learn about the man? B. He will graduate this term.A. He is tired from work. 2B. He thinks Amy ueasonable.C. He is annoyed about a fight.8. What did the woman do after the party last night? A. She worked on her homework. B. She went home to sleep. C. She studied history._. Where does the man have to go first? A. To the post office.B. To his grandparents’ house.C. To the swimming pool._. What does the woman ask the man to do at 1:_? A. Pick Fiona up. B. Wash her car. C. Return her books._. Why doesn’t the woman want to buy fish? A. It isn’t fresh.B. Mary doesn’t like it.C. She eats too much fish._. What does the man suggest buying for Mary? A. Steaks.B. Cheese.C. Grains._. What does the woman think of the man’s present for Mary?A. It’s beautiful.B. It’s too e_pensive.C. It isn’t to Mary’s taste. _. Who is Eique Iglesias?A. A film star.B. A music star.C. A football star. _. What will the speaker ask Natalie Portman about?A. The e_periences I different countries.B. The relationship with her father.C. The life in her childhood._. What do we know about Ahn Jung Hwan? A. He has been devoted to his country. B. He has played in several countries. C. He has travelled around the world. _. Who came to the show last year? A. Eique Iglesias. B. Natalie Portman. C. Ahn Jung Hwan.篇三:_版新目标英语七下维克多英语听力Unit 1 Can you play the guitar Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?第一节基础训练 5 minutes ……………………………………………………………………………………一.听录音,写出你所听到的单词或短语.每个单词或短语读两遍.1． __________________________ 2． ____________________________3． __________________________ 4． ____________________________5． __________________________ 6． ____________________________7． __________________________ 8． ____________________________9． __________________________ _． ___________________________二.听句子,把所缺单词写在横线上.每个句子读两遍.1．Can you __________ English?2．I can __________ my name in Fench.3．My father __________ music at school．4．Lisa wants to see the TV __________．5．He tells a __________ to his son son every day．6．Can you __________ __________ your English teacher?7．My mother often _________ me __________ my math．8．Jill is quiet, and she __________ __________ __________ old people． 9．Do you want to go swimming _________ _________ __________?_．She likes to __________ __________ and play games with them．三.听下面一段对话,填空.对话读两遍.W:What club do you want to 1．__________?M:I want to join the art club．W:Can you 2．__________?M:Yes, I can．What about you?W:I want to join the music club．M:Can you 3．__________ or 4．__________?W:No, I can’t．But I can play the 5．__________ and the guitar． M:OK,let’s join now．第二节综合训练_minutes ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………一.听录音,选出句子中所包含的信息.给个句子读两遍.( )1．A．panB．paintC．pen( )2．A．theyB．then C．this( )3．A．678—5431B．687—5431C．768—5431( )4．A．a list ofB．a little ofC．a lot of( )5．A．I can play football very well．B．I want to play football withyou．C．I want to join your football club．二.听句子,选择最佳答语.每个句子读一遍.( )1．A．I want to join the chess club．B．We want to see movies．C．They want to go home．( )2．A．Yes, he is． B．No, he isn’t．C．She is like her mother． ( )3．A．No, I’m not．B．No, I can’t．C．No, I don’t．( )4．A．Yes, it is． B．Yes,she is． C．Yes,he is．( )5．A．Yes, I can． B．Yes, I do．C．Yes, I am．三.听下面五段对话,选择正确的图片.每段对话读两遍.( )1．What club does the girl want to join?A．B．( )2．What is the boy’s favorite sport?C．A．B．()3．What can the girl play? C．A．B．()4．What does the boy want to do this weekend? C．A．B．()5．What does the girl like?C．A．B． C．四.听下面五段对话,选择最佳答案.每段对话读两遍.( )1．What does the girl think of playing football?A．Boring B．Difficult．C．Interesting．( )2．How many students can speak English in the boy’s class?A．One B．Two C．Three．( )3．What does the boy like watching?A．Volleyball games． B．Running． C．Swimming．( )4．What does the boy like?\A．Playing basketball． B．Playing soccer．C．Playing football．( )5．What can the girl like?A．Play the oiano． B．Play the violin．C．Play the guitar．五.听下面一段对话,选择最佳答案.每段对话读两遍.( )1．What can the boy do?A．Sing Beijing Opera． B．Sing English operas．C．Make Chines food． ( )2．What is the boy’s telephone number?A．85763271 B．85672371C．857637_( )3．What does the woman ask the boy to do at the end of the talk? A．Go to China． B．White down things about him． C．Learn some Chinese．六.听下面一段对话,选择最佳答案.每段对话读两遍.( )1．What can the speaker’s mother play well?A．Play the piano． B．Play the drums． C．Play the guitar．( )2．How many people are there in the speaker’s family?A．ThreeB．Four．C．Five．( )3．What doesn’t the speaker like?A．English． B．History． C．Math．( )4．What club does the speaker want to join?A．A swimming club． B．A soccer club． C．A basketball club．( )5．What does the speaker often do on Sunday?\A．Go shoppoing． B．Go to the park． C．Go to the zoo．。
湖北省武汉中学2024-2025学年度高三上学期8月开学考试英语试题(含解析)
湖北省武汉中学2024-2025学年度高三上学期8月开学考试英语全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。
第I卷（选择题）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirtA. 19.15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是C。
1. What does the woman need to buyA. A box.B. A desk.C. A TV.2. Who is DaveA. The man’s brother.B. The man’s classmate.C. A friend of the man’s brother.3. What is the man going to doA. Check in.B. Take a rest.C. Have a meal.4. How old is the manA. 10.B. 15.C. 25.5. What are the speakers mainly talking aboutA. What to eat.B. How to place an order.C. Where to go on holiday.第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
备战2023年高考英语模拟卷 (全国乙卷) (全解全析)
绝密★启用前|备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（全国乙卷）全解全析第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1-5 BACCA【Text 1】W: Excuse me. Which platform does the next train to London leave from?M: It leaves from Platform 2 at 10: 32.W: So there’s still twelve minutes left.【Text 2】M: Mum, could you give me a lift to school tomorrow? I don’t want to get on a crowded bus.W: I guess so. What’s wrong with your bike?M: It’s broken. I’ll have to go to the cycling shop after school.【Text 3】W: Excuse me. Is this cell phone yours? It was on the bench in the corner, next to my bag.M: Thanks a lot. I must have left it there when I was reading my book.【Text 4】M: It is sold out, but I can order it and have it in five days.W: But the birthday party is in two days.M: We have other books by Dickens.W: I’m afraid Amy likes A Tale of Two Cities best.【Text 5】M: How do I learn to speak French like a native speaker?W: Well, unless you have an exceptionally good ear, you’ll have to go to France.M: Is there no other way?W: The second best option is to spend many hours in the language lab.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6-10 CACBC 11-15 BCCAC 16-20 CCCAB第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）【Text 6】M: Hi! Come in. What’s up?W: Can you do me a favour? I just got a call from the office, and I have to meet my boss at the airport right away. Is it all right if I leave Jack with you?M: Sure. No problem. Is he asleep?W: Yeah, he just fell asleep ten minutes ago. If he wakes up, here’s his bottle and some toys.M: Don’t worry. I’ll take good care of him.W: Thanks so much for helping out.【Text 7】W: Hey, Peter, I’m sorry!M: Hi, Diana, what’s wrong?W: We were going to Hong Kong this weekend but I’m afraid I can’t go.M: How come?W: I have a really big geography test and I have to study for it.M: We can go next week instead.W: No, I don’t want to ruin your weekend. You go ahead and please take the book I bought for my friend Sally. Tell her I have to study all weekend because I can’t afford to fail the test.M: OK, then I’ll go with them. But it’s a pity that you can’t come.【Text 8】M: I’m worried about our trip to Paris next week.W: Why?M: There has been heavy rain that has lifted the Seine River to about 20 feet, its highest level since 1982. It actually reached 28. 2 feet in 1910, if you can believe it.. you can believe it, It is normally only 5 feet high. Workers have said that the river won’t go back to its original level for another week or two.W: Do you think the ground beneath the Eiffel Tower is flooded?M: It is. I saw a photo of it.W: We won’t even be a ble to walk around and see the city!M: I think we can still walk around. We just have to bring rain boots so our feet don’t get wet or muddy. Many buildings don’t have power, and I read that staff at the Lou Museum had to move all the artworks to higher f loors. It’s still closed to visitors.W: I hope we can at least see the Musée d’Orsay. That’s my favorite museum in the world.M: That’s closed, too.W: Oh no!【Text 9】M: What did you find there, Mary?W: Oh. Dad. It’s a wallet. I found it in the parking lot near the shopping mall just now. There was nobody nearby, so I brought it home. It looks very pretty.M: Yes, it’s a really beautiful wallet! What’s in it?W: Oh. About 60 dollars in cash.M: 60 dollars? What are you going to do with it?W: I don’t kno w. Maybe I should try to find the person who lost it. But how can I find the owner? M: Check to see if you can find any information about the person who lost the wallet.W: Ah, yes. There are some business cards with a man’s name and telephone number on th em.M: OK, you should call that man. He will be really glad to get his wallet back.W: Yes, l’ m sure he will. I will call him after dinner.M: I think that man is probably very worried now, so you’d better call him right away.W: OK, I will call him immediately.【Text 10】W: Welcome to visit the university. It covers an area of six hundred acres. There are four schools, including Science and Technology, Social Science, Law and Medicine. And our university is best known for the last school. Now you can pick up a brochure and decide which tour you want to go on, according to your subject of interest.Your tour will begin with a talk by one of the lecturers, who will tell you more about the courses. All our courses consist of a mixture of formal lectures and at least two group discussions of two or three students per term. You can choose group discussions according to your own schedule. All degree courses require students to write a long essay of at least six thousand words on a particular subject in their last year.Besides open days for you, we have separate open days for graduates who want to go on to take a course after their graduation. Your application to our university is always welcome.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）21．B 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。
职称英语等级测验真题(理工类A级)及答案和详解WORD
职称英语等级测验真题(理工类Ａ级)及答案和详解WORD————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期:2０１1年职称英语等级考试真题(理工类A级)第１部分:词汇选项(第1—１5题，每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定１个意义最为接近的选项。
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抗凝血酶水准较低时磺达肝素的抗凝作用低
Table of ContentsSeptember 2009CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIOLOGY:抗凝血酶水準較低時磺達肝素的抗凝作用降低張瑩譯馬皓琳李士通校The Reduced Anticoagulant Effect of Fondaparinux at Low Antithrombin Levels Carl-Erik Dempfle, Julia Eichner, Nenad Suvajac, Parviz Ahmad-Nejad, MichaelNeumaier, and Martin BorggrefeAnesth Analg 2009 109: 712-716.PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIOLOGY:小兒日間手術中超重/肥胖與胃液特徵：禁食指南與肺吸入風險的關係陳毓雯 譯 陳傑 校Overweight/Obesity and Gastric Fluid Characteristics in Pediatric Day Surgery: Implications for Fasting Guidelines and Pulmonary Aspiration Risk Scott D. Cook-Sather, Paul R. Gallagher, Lydia E. Kruge, Jonathan M. Beus, Brian P. Ciampa, Kevin Conor Welch, Sina Shah-Hosseini, Jieun S. Choi, Reshma Pachikara, Kim Minger, Ronald S. Litman, and Mark S. SchreinerAnesth Analg 2009 109: 727-736.關於兒童圍手術期應用視覺類比量表（VAS）—焦慮心理測試有效性的研究——臨床實踐常規中使術後疼痛管理最優化的一個特定有用的工具單嘉琪譯薛張綱校The Perioperative Validity of the Visual Analog Anxiety Scale in Children: A Discriminant and Useful Instrument in Routine Clinical Practice to Optimize Postoperative Pain ManagementSophie Bringuier, Christophe Dadure, Olivier Raux, Amandine Dubois, Marie-Christine Picot, and Xavier CapdevilaAnesth Analg 2009 109: 737-744.比較右美托咪啶與異丙酚用於兒童磁共振成像的睡眠研究裘毅敏譯馬皓琳、李士通校A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine with Propofol for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sleep Studies in ChildrenMohamed Mahmoud, Joel Gunter, Lane F. Donnelly, Yu Wang, Todd G. Nick, and Senthilkumar SadhasivamAnesth Analg 2009 109: 745-753.輕于5Kg的嬰兒和新生兒即時超聲引導頸內靜脈置管的一個有效的新型皮膚牽引方法陳毓雯 譯 陳傑 校A Novel Skin-Traction Method Is Effective for Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization in Infants and Neonates Weighing Less Than 5 KilogramsMasato Morita, Hiroshi Sasano, Takafumi Azami, Nobuko Sasano, Yoshihito Fujita, Shoji Ito, Takeshi Sugiura, and Kazuya SobueAnesth Analg 2009 109: 754-759.AMBULATORY ANESTHESIOLOGY:常規使用鼻胃管不減少術後噁心與嘔吐范羽譯薛張綱校Routine Use of Nasogastric Tubes Does Not Reduce Postoperative Nausea and VomitingKarl-Heinz Kerger, Edward Mascha, Britta Steinbrecher, Thomas Frietsch, Oliver C. Radke, Katrin Stoecklein, Christian Frenkel, Georg Fritz, Klaus Danner, Alparslan Turan, Christian C. Apfel For the IMPACT InvestigatorsAnesth Analg 2009 109: 768-773.ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY:滴定丙泊酚鎮靜作用的自動回應監測儀朱慧譯馬皓琳李士通校Automated Responsiveness Monitor to Titrate Propofol SedationAnthony G. Doufas, Nobutada Morioka, Adel N. Mahgoub, Andrew R. Bjorksten, Steven L. Shafer, and Daniel I. SesslerAnesth Analg 2009 109: 778-786.肥胖病人中羅庫溴銨用量應該依照實際體重還是理想體重？黃劍譯薛張綱校Should Dosing of Rocuronium in Obese Patients Be Based on Ideal or Corrected Body Weight?Christian S. Meyhoff, Jørgen Lund, Morten T. Jenstrup, Casper Claudius, Anne M. Sørensen, Jørgen Viby-Mogensen, and Lars S. RasmussenAnesth Analg 2009 109: 787-792.氯胺酮抑制骨髓來源的樹突狀細胞的成熟和Th1型免疫反應的啟動顏濤譯，馬皓琳李士通校Ketamine Inhibits Maturation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells and Priming of the Th1-Type Immune ResponseNoriyuki Ohta, Yoshifumi Ohashi, and Yuji FujinoAnesth Analg 2009 109: 793-800.增加異氟烷的吸入時程可以降低7天而非60天大鼠的最低肺泡麻醉濃度李潺 譯 陳傑 校Increasing the Duration of Isoflurane Anesthesia Decreases the Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration in 7-Day-Old but Not in 60-Day-Old Rats Greg Stratmann, Jeffrey W. Sall, Edmond I. Eger, II, Michael J. Laster, Joseph S. Bell, Laura D. V. May, Helge Eilers, Martin Krause, Frank v. d. Heusen, and Heidi E. GonzalezAnesth Analg 2009 109: 801-806.TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTING, AND SIMULATION:聽覺事件相關電位，腦電雙頻指數和熵在區分ICU病人不同鎮靜水準的差異李潺 譯 陳傑 校Auditory Event-Related Potentials, Bispectral Index, and Entropy for the Discrimination of Different Levels of Sedation in Intensive Care Unit Patients Matthias Haenggi, Heidi Ypparila-Wolters, Sarah Buerki, Rebekka Schlauri, Ilkka Korhonen, Jukka Takala, and Stephan M. JakobAnesth Analg 2009 109: 807-816.PATIENT SAFETY:前瞻性調查：上唇咬診試驗結合SMD、TMD和IID對於預估喉鏡檢查和插管法的診斷價值李瑩譯薛張綱校The Diagnostic Value of the Upper Lip Bite Test Combined with Sternomental Distance, Thyromental Distance, and Interincisor Distance for Prediction of Easy Laryngoscopy and Intubation: A Prospective StudyZahid Hussain Khan, Mostafa Mohammadi, Mohammad R. Rasouli, Fahimeh Farrokhnia, and Razmeh Hussain KhanAnesth Analg 2009 109: 822-824.用於電視喉鏡檢查的Macintosh喉鏡片減少正常氣道患者導管芯的使用黃麗娜譯馬皓琳李士通校A Macintosh Laryngoscope Blade for Videolaryngoscopy Reduces Stylet Use in Patients with Normal AirwaysAndré van Zundert, Ralph Maassen, Ruben Lee, Remi Willems, Michel Timmerman, Marc Siemonsma, Marc Buise, and Marco WiepkingAnesth Analg 2009 109: 825-831.麻醉病人使用不同技術鼻胃管插管：一個前瞻性、隨機研究王宏翻譯，馬皓琳李士通校正Nasogastric Tube Insertion Using Different Techniques in Anesthetized Patients: A Prospective, Randomized StudyJithesh Appukutty and Prerana P. ShroffAnesth Analg 2009 109: 832-835.CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:維持或停止生命支援的實踐和病史記錄：荷蘭兩個重症監護室的回顧性分析姚敏敏譯薛張綱校The Practice of and Documentation on Withholding and Withdrawing Life Support: A Retrospective Study in Two Dutch Intensive Care UnitsPeter E. Spronk, Alexej V. Kuiper, Johannes H. Rommes, Joke C. Korevaar, and Marcus J. SchultzAnesth Analg 2009 109: 841-846.低潮氣量通氣在豬的急性肺損傷模型中改善腦組織氧合作用唐亮譯馬皓琳李士通校Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in a Porcine Model of Acute Lung Injury Improves Cerebral Tissue OxygenationJohannes Bickenbach, Norbert Zoremba, Michael Fries, Rolf Dembinski, Robert Doering, Eileen Ogawa, Rolf Rossaint, and Ralf KuhlenAnesth Analg 2009 109: 847-855.壓力支持通氣和雙相氣道正壓通氣通過肺血流重分佈而改善氧合張婷 譯 陳傑 校Pressure Support Ventilation and Biphasic Positive Airway Pressure Improve Oxygenation by Redistribution of Pulmonary Blood FlowAlysson R. Carvalho, Peter M. Spieth, Paolo Pelosi, Alessandro Beda, Agnaldo J. Lopes, Boriana Neykova, Axel R. Heller, Thea Koch, and Marcelo Gama de Abreu Anesth Analg 2009 109: 856-865.創傷病人緊急氣管內插管的成功案例：一家重要成人創傷轉診中心的10年經驗俞佳譯薛張綱校The Success of Emergency Endotracheal Intubation in Trauma Patients: A 10-Year Experience at a Major Adult Trauma Referral Center Christopher T. Stephens, Stephanie Kahntroff, and Richard P. DuttonAnesth Analg 2009 109: 866-872.氣管內吸引對小型代謝監測儀計算的氧耗量和二氧化碳生成量值以及肺力學的準確度的影響江繼宏譯馬皓琳李士通校The Effects of Endotracheal Suctioning on the Accuracy of Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production Measurements and Pulmonary Mechanics Calculated by a Compact Metabolic MonitorGeorge Briassoulis, Panagiotis Briassoulis, Evi Michaeloudi, Diana-Michaela Fitrolaki, Anna-Maria Spanaki, and Efrossini BriassouliAnesth Analg 2009 109: 873-879.長效局麻藥減弱實驗鼠身上FMLP導致的急性肺損傷張玥琪譯薛張綱校Long-Acting Local Anesthetics Attenuate FMLP-induced Acute Lung Injury in RatsMarcus T. Schley, Matthias Casutt, Christoph Haberthür, Martin Dusch, Roman Rukwied, Martin Schmelz, Joachim Schmeck, Guido K. Schüpfer, and Christoph J. KonradAnesth Analg 2009 109: 880-885.OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIOLOGY:剖宮產全麻過程中的術中知曉周雅春譯李士通馬皓琳校Intraoperative Awareness During General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery (Review Article)Kay Robins and Gordon LyonsAnesth Analg 2009 109: 886-890.NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE:健康成人吸入氧濃度和呼末CO2對於大腦組織氧合指數的影響張婷 譯 陳傑 校The Effect on Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation Index of Changes in the Concentrations of Inspired Oxygen and End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide in Healthy Adult VolunteersMartin M. Tisdall, Christopher Taylor, Ilias Tachtsidis, Terence S. Leung, Clare E. Elwell, and Martin SmithAnesth Analg 2009 109: 906-913.深低溫可減緩心搏停止後大鼠的小神經膠質細胞的增殖但不影響神經細胞死亡張釗譯薛張綱校Deep Hypothermia Attenuates Microglial Proliferation Independent of Neuronal Death After Prolonged Cardiac Arrest in RatsTomas Drabek, Samuel A. Tisherman, Lauren Beuke, Jason Stezoski, Keri Janesko-Feldman, Manuella Lahoud-Rahme, and Patrick M. KochanekAnesth Analg 2009 109: 914-923.GENERAL ARTICLES:現代羥乙基澱粉在活體供肝移植中的安全性——與人血白蛋白對照唐李雋譯馬皓琳李士通校The Safety of Modern Hydroxyethyl Starch in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Comparison with Human AlbuminAhmed Mukhtar, Fawzia Aboulfetouh, Gihan Obayah, Maged Salah, Mohamed Emam, Yehia Khater, Ramzia Akram, Aly Hoballah, Mohamed Bahaa, Mahmoud Elmeteini, and Alaa HamzaANALGESIA:持續非同步電針刺激對低溫痛閾的影響張燕 譯 陳傑 校The Impact of Asynchronous Electroacupuncture Stimulation Duration onCold Thermal Pain Threshold(Brief Report)Shu-Ming Wang, Eric C. Lin, Inna Maranets, and Zeev N. KainAnesth Analg 2009 109: 932-935.中樞給予二甲胺四環素和利魯唑預防大鼠嗎啡導致的耐受唐穎 譯 陳傑 校Central Administration of Minocycline and Riluzole Prevents Morphine-Induced Tolerance in RatsBohlool Habibi-Asl, Kambiz Hassanzadeh, and Mohammad CharkhpourAnesth Analg 2009 109: 936-942.外周神經阻滯對大鼠炎症誘導前列腺素E2和環氧化酶表達的影響朱蘭芳譯薛張綱校The Effect of a Peripheral Block on Inflammation-Induced Prostaglandin E2 and Cyclooxygenase Expression in RatsHélène Beloeil, Marc Gentili, Dan Benhamou, and Jean-Xavier MazoitAnesth Analg 2009 109: 943-950.大鼠炎症和神經病理痛模型中外周活性鈉通道（Na v1.7 ）阻滯劑逆轉痛覺過敏和異常性疼痛楊秋娟 譯 陳傑 校A Peripherally Acting Na v1.7 Sodium Channel Blocker Reverses Hyperalgesia and Allodynia on Rat Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic PainErin McGowan, Scott B. Hoyt, Xiaohua Li, Kathryn A. Lyons, and Catherine AbbadieAnesth Analg 2009 109: 951-958.全髖關節成形術後細胞因數基因表達：手術部位與迴圈中的嗜中性粒細胞反應陳靈科 譯 陳傑 校Cytokine Gene Expression After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Surgical Site versus Circulating Neutrophil ResponseAsokumar Buvanendran, Kendall Mitchell, Jeffrey S. Kroin, and Michael J. Iadarola Anesth Analg 2009 109: 959-964.椎管內給予低濃度的阿密曲替林對軸索的作用陳珺珺譯薛張綱校The Neuraxial Effects of Intraspinal Amitriptyline at Low Concentrations Fernanda B. Fukushima, Guilherme A. M. Barros, Mariângela E. A. Marques, Edison I. O. Vidal, and Eliana M. Ganem坐骨神經導管放置：用Raj路徑穿刺成功黃佳佳譯，馬皓琳，李士通校Sciatic Nerve Catheter Placement: Success with Using the Raj Approach Christopher Robards, R. Doris Wang, Steven Clendenen, Beth Ladlie, and RoyGreengrassAnesth Analg 2009 109: 972-975.區域麻醉應用於血管通路手術張蕾 譯 陳傑 校Regional Anesthesia for Vascular Access SurgeryElizabeth B. Malinzak and Tong J. GanAnesth Analg 2009 109: 976-980.腹橫肌平面阻滯的解剖研究：Petit腰部三角及鄰近神經的定位鄒巧群 譯 陳傑 校An Anatomical Study of the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block: Location of the Lumbar Triangle of Petit and Adjacent NervesZorica B. Jankovic, Frances M. du Feu, and Patricia McConnellAnesth Analg 2009 109: 981-985.膝部手術中行單側小劑量脊麻並不影響尿瀦留的發生率姜旭暉譯，馬皓琳，李士通校Unilateral Anesthesia Does Not Affect the Incidence of Urinary Retention After Low-Dose Spinal Anesthesia for Knee Surgery(Brief Report)Wolfgang G. Voelckel, Lukas Kirchmair, Peter Rehder, Ivo Garoscio, Dietmar Krappinger, and Thomas J. LugerAnesth Analg 2009 109: 986-987.小兒日間手術中超重/肥胖與胃液特徵：禁食指南與肺吸入風險的關係Overweight/Obesity and Gastric Fluid Characteristics in Pediatric Day Surgery: Implications for Fasting Guidelines and Pulmonary Aspiration Risk Scott D. Cook-Sather, MD*, Paul R. Gallagher, MA, Lydia E. Kruge, BA*, Jonathan M. Beus, BSE*, Brian P. Ciampa, BS*, Kevin Conor Welch, MA*, Sina Shah-Hosseini, MSE*, Jieun S. Choi, MD*, Reshma Pachikara, BS*, Kim Minger, BSN, CNOR, Ronald S. Litman, DO*, and Mark S. Schreiner, MD*From the Departments of *Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Nursing, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Anesth Analg 2009 109: 727-736.背景:超重/肥胖患兒日間手術前2小時飲用清飲料的安全性尚未驗證。
Front matter
NASA Monographs in Systems and Software EngineeringTheNASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineeringseries addresses
cutting-edge and groundbreaking research in the fields of systems and softwareengineering. This includes in-depth descriptions of technologies currently beingapplied, as well as research areas of likely applicability to future NASA missions.Emphasis is placed on relevance to NASA missions and projects.
Also in this series:Christopher A. Rouff, Michael Hinchey, James Rash, Walter Truszkowski and Diana Gordon-Spears (Eds)Agent Technology from a Formal Perspective1-85233-947-0K.K. Breitman, M.A. Casanova and W. Truszkowski
Semantic Web:Concepts,Technologiesand ApplicationsBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library