高中英语语法动词时态与语态

动词的时态与语态一、一般体1.一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态。

所谓一般体，即不表进行，又不表完成例：We have meals three times a day我们一日吃三餐（现在的习惯）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人（现在的状态）When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park.我小时候常去那个公园玩（过去的习惯）2.一般现在时一一客观真理、科学事实例:The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起3.一般现在时还可以用在if, unless, even if引导的条件状语从句中，由when, before,until（till）, as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中，由no matter what/who/which/when/where/how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表示将来（出现will/shall/can/must ）或主句是祈使句例：I ll go with you as soon as I finish my work. 我一完成工作就跟你走If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.如果不阻止城市噪音继续增加的话，20年后人们同在饭桌旁也得大喊着才能被听到。

Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意4.语境中的一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”例：—come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.皮特，进来。

我想给你看点东西—oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.你真是太好了，我从来没想过你会给我礼物Your phone number again? I didn't quite catch it.再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我刚才没有听见练习：用所给词的正确形式填空—your baby is too thin.(瘦)—it could gain (获得)weight (重量),but it (not eat) much.It won't be long before such a thing (happen) again.I won 't speak to him unless he (apologize) to me.The careless driver has just been fined 10 dollars for stopping his car at a sign that (read) NOPARKING ”.(不准停车) —Nancy is not coming tonight.—but she (promise).5.一般将来时的用法1).现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势例：Tom will come back next week.汤姆下周回来Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死2) ------------------------------------------- .be going to +动词原形计划、打算要做某事，此外，be going to还可以表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断例：He is going to speak on TV this evening.他计划今晚在电视上讲话Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看这乌云，要下雨了3) be about to +动词原形一一立即的将来，因此该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语从句连用例：The train is about to start.火车就要开了4)有些动词如come, go, stay, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作或状态例：He comes here tonight.今晚他打算来这儿I arrive in Beijing at 3:00p.m. tomorrow. 我明天下午3 点至以匕京What are you going to do next week?下周你打算做什么5)be to+动词原形表示一一“按计划或安排要做的事”例：When are you to leave for home?你什么时候回家She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚The queen is to visit Japan in a week's time.女王将于一周后访问日本表示--- 应该，相当于should, ought to例：You are to report to the police.你应该报警What is to be done?应该怎么办呢？表示--- 想，打算，相当于intend, want例:If we are to be there before ten, we 'll have to go now.如果我们要在10点之前到，我们现在就得走用于第一人称疑问句一一表示征求对方意见例：Am I to go on with the work?要我继续完成这项工作吗?What are we to do next?我们下一步该怎么办？用于否定句 --- 表示 禁止，相当于mustn't例：The books in this room are not to be taken outside.这个房间里的书不得带出去You are not to smoke in the reading room.你不可以在阅览室里吸烟表示一一可以，可能，相当于 may, can例：The news is to be found in the evening paper.这条消息可以再晚报上看到Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人至 U 处者 E 有She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不到她were to do sth.用于if 或even if/even though 从句中，表示 ------- 对未来的假设例：If I were to tell you that I admired him, would you believe me?要是我告诉你我羡慕他，你会相信吗？Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing.即使太阳从西边出来，我也绝不做这种事be to blame （该受责备，对某件坏事应负责任）与 be to let （待出租）两种结构中 ------ 用 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义例：Which driver is to blame for the accident?这次事故是哪个司机的责任？练习：单选填空We have been looking for the boy all the afternoon but he is nowhere .A to seeB seeingC seenD to be seenAs early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, the one that world famous.A would becomeB becameC was to becomeD had become—We just saw John at the bookstore.—That's strange. I didn't think heB does not riseC would not riseD were not to riseLook at these clouds.B It's rainingC It is to rain for the failure of their marriage ? B to be blame C is to blameD is to be blamed二、进行体1.一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体例: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我弟弟骑自行时从车子上掉了下来，伤了自己The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.同学们忙着写作，这时布朗老师去取他忘在办公室里的书Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.当没人注意的时候，汤姆溜进了屋子 Theback until tomorrow. A will comeIf the sun B was to come C is coming tomorrow, what would we do?D is to come A were not to raise A It ' going to rainWhy do you think Ato blame D It can ranreporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.那位记者说，当他看到那个不明飞行物时，它正在自东向西飞行2.表示动作的未完性、暂时性—have you moved into the new house ?你搬进新房了吗？—not yet. The rooms are being painted.还没呢,房间还在粉刷呢（未完）Idon ' really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不在这儿上班，我只是来帮忙的，直到新秘书来了（我就走）（暂时性）Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易的事，因为技术变化太快（变化尚未完成）3.表示计划、安排要做的事例：I ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my Mum.我获得了一次去福罗里达度家两天的机会，我计划带着我妈妈去（计划）4.表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况例：—Is this coat yours ?这是你的外套吗?—No, mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在门后挂着I first met lily 3 years ago. She was working at a clothes shop at the time.3年前我第一次遇到了丽丽，当时她正在服装店工作5.表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,continually, constantly 连用例：He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人He is always making the same mistake.他总是犯同样的错误练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空You always （watch） TV. Why not do something unusual.Listen! The couple （quarrel 吵架）in the room.—you 're drinking too much.—only at home, no one （see） me but you.—watch!—I （watch） but I anything unusual.三、完成体1.现在完成时1）一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。