初二英语知识点归纳:动词不定式

初二英语知识点归纳:动词不定式
初二英语知识点归纳:动词不定式

初二英语知识点归纳:动词不定式

初二英语知识点归纳:动词不定式

1.不定式的基本形式与结构

动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形 (如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物

动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

2.不定式的用法

1)不定式结构作主语

1.Te get contact wamily in Taiwan made him extremely haaratedan 40 years ago.

2.Tat task in such aally a challenge.

在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,

则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或

this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。如:

1.It made him extremely happy to get contact wamily in Taiwaaratedan 40 years ago.

2.John admitted thaalways difficulb不定式结构所表示的动

作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达: 1.It is quant for us to read good books during a general review.

2.Idifficulalented studaxam. 在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind, naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:1.It is very kind of you to telluth. 2.It is stupiddo such a silly thing.

2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。

及物动词+带to的不定式结构: 只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有: afford, agree, aim, appear,ask, believe, care,claim,decide demand,desire, d, expect, fail, happen, hesitate,hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer,pretend,, prepare, refuse, seek, swear,undertake,want, wish等。

1.He managed to solvlicated problem.

2.The strangd to showwaundbuild a new plauth Africa.

动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:这类动词常见的有

advise, decide, find out, forget, inquire,know, learn, see, regard, remember, teach,tell, understand, wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what, when, where, which, how, whether等。

1.He dw wart.

2.You can decide wuI will show you how to deal w有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式

放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。dary to mads w2.We find it difficulallwork b’cl)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语也是

不定式(表示结果):

1.Tbelieve.

2.To work means to earn a living.

另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope, idea,job, plan,problem, purpose,thing,wish等名词

为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用;例如: 1.His audy abroadar future. 2.Tant thinggotiate wabouWhat I want to saget all the unhappy ex)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:

第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。

例如: 1.There was reallg to fear. 2.He gave me ag bad. 如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。

例如: 1.Mary needs a friend to play with. 2.That girl hag to worry about. 3.They have aalAlthouglm had butes, I still was not abld a cha第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如: 1.Have you got aunldoor? 2.The abe taTg to be gained bding.第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:ability, attempt, effort,impulse, inclination,wish等。例如: 1.Her daughter will make an even bigglea2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou. 3.Nad any inclinado business with Ma)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语: 1.They are quite surprisedgreat changes taking plaarea. 2.They are quite surprised becaugreat changes taking plaarea. 3.He was lucky to arrive before dark. 4.He was lucky because he arrived before da作目的状语:aised her vbe heared better. 2.She raised her vauld heard bWe went via Heidelbergaffic jam. 4.We went via Heidelberg so that we couldaffic jam.

作结果状语: 1.The Fball team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians. 2.The

Fball team played so successfully thaven defeated the Brazilians. 3.He gation only to be told the train had gone. 4.He gation and was told thaain had g不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:

1) 在can/could, /may/might,will/would,shall/should,must, need,dare等情态动词之后,

动词不定式不带to。

2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。例如: 1.Iard him say that he would study hard. 2.I must havwn mistakes. 但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。例如: 1.He waard to say that he would study hard. 2.Aadd speaking,he was made to answer innumerable qu)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。例如:

1.Help the old lady (to) caavy box.

4) 在had better,would rather,may/might as well,rather than,can not but等搭配之后初中英语

语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。例如: 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out,I would raay aght. 2.She could not bulish behaviou) 在make do,make believe,let drop,1et fall,1et fly,let slip,let drive,let go off,hear say,hear tell,leave go of等固定搭

配中,用不带to的动词不定式。例如: 1.They let g

他们松开了绳子。 2.John let fly aabuse at me.约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。 3.I've heard tell我听说过他。

6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不初中英语语法总结,只能”。例如:

1.He will do anything except wa

2.There wag ldo but surrendThe spy was both hungry and cold;there wag lbut to givI hadbut to wait tilld raining.

下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to: calp but,cabut,can not but,dg but,havg to do but。例如:

I can not but adurage. 如果上述句中有do,to省略:I did nothing but watch TV last night. 如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带to: I havbut to give up my idea.

7)紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是,紧跟在who,what,which,whether等连接

词后的不定式带to。例如: Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning? You needn't decide yet wudy a不定式的完成式和进行式 1)构成完成式:to+ have done 进行式:to+ be doing

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2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义(067)疑问词与动词不定式连用常考知识点总结整理疑问词what,who,which,when,where,how 和连词whether 之后,可跟一个带“to”的不定式,构成一个特殊的动词不定式短语,可在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如: How to solve the problem is very important. 如何解决这个问题是非常重要的。(主语) Ken didn't know what to say. 肯不知道该说什么。(宾语) The question is where to find the source of water. 问题是在什么地方能找到水源。(表语) 例题: —I don't know with this problem. It's too hard. —You can ask Mr. Wang for help. A. which to do B. when to do C. what to do D. how to do 【答案选C】不定式前加疑问词构成不定式短语作宾语。 ?for+名词或代词宾格+动词不定式

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初二英语知识点总结: (一) 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法: 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下: 一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成:will + not (won’t)+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句,用will改写下列各句 例:I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow) I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. (sleep later) _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later) _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _____________________________ 答案:1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. (二)should的用法:

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