英语语法讲义
中考英语语法总复习讲义【珍藏版】
中考英语语法总复习讲义专题一名词名词是中考考查的重点。
考查内容主要为：Ⅰ.名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。
专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。
如：Yao Ming 姚明；China 中国；Christmas 圣诞节等。
Ⅱ. 可数名词和不可数名词普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1．可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
如：an apple; two apples 。
★注意： a 用于以辅音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前；an 用于以元音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前。
，a red apple , an hour/’aua/ 如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/’aepl/2．不可数名词: 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。
(1)物质名词。
如：water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish(鱼肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)；sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。
这类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。
如： a cup of tea; two bags of rice; three bottles of water等。
(2)抽象名词。
如：news; music; time(时间); information等。
(3)不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用。
(4)注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。
如：fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。
英语课程语法讲义
英语语法第一章英语动词的时态英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异英语的词类与汉语的不同。
汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。
英语就不同了，book, books 仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。
动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。
有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。
同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。
英语动词的形式英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。
因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。
英语的实义动词有以下五种形式：（1）动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。
主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。
（2）一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。
（3）过去式：主要用于一般过去时。
（4）现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
（5）过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
这里提到的“语法规定的其他情况”我们在以后会详细介绍。
下面把这些动词形式的构成说明一下：动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。
规则动词- 1 -的拼写和读音规则如下表：不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式，需要个别记忆，同时也要善于发现不规则中的规则，即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。
如weep→ wept, sleep →slept, sweep →swept现在分词一律由动词原形加-ing构成，规则如下表：为了学习的方便，人们把时间分为四个阶段：“现在、过去、将来、过去将来”。
英语动词所表示的动作在以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。
因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。
不同的时态有不同的变化形式。
以- 2 -“时态”就是通过动词的形态变化，来表达动作发生的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）及所处的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。
高三英语二轮语法专项一般现在时讲义
2024届二轮语法专项资源——一般现在时一、2023真题及模拟题探究1.【2022高考】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly supported (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine whethersmell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.解题策略：首先理解语篇和所给词所在的句子大意，看括号内给的是动词，考虑谓语非谓语，此句无谓语动词，故确定是谓语，然后考虑时态语态，语态是主动，时态根据naturally以及整段时态判断为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填has。
2.【2021高考】Why do we dream? Scientists aren’t pletely sure, and they have diverse ideas (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brainthatget a dream.解题策略：首先理解语篇和所给词所在的句子大意，看括号内给的是动词，考虑谓语非谓语，此从句无谓语动词，故确定是谓语，然后考虑时态语态，语态是主动，时态根据主句以及整段时态判断为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填connects。
3.【2020高考】Oliver is a host of a TV programme(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're lucky (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them whether you can join in when it's possible.解题策略：首先理解语篇和所给词所在的句子大意，看括号内给的是动词，考虑谓语非谓语，此从句(省略that)无谓语动词，故确定是谓语，然后考虑时态语态，语态是主动，时态根据主句时态判断为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填plays。
高三英语一轮语法复习讲义名词
第二讲：名词一、名词的命题规律名词是英语高考必考点之一。
高考中主要考查点有：动词、形容词等转换成名词的构词法、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的单复数、名词的词义辨析等。
语法填空题对名词的考查，常常以给提示词的形式出现，考查下列几方面的内容：动词形容词等转换成名词、名词单数变复数以及名词所有格等。
完形填空中主要考查的是短语中或名词的词义辨析。
阅读理解中主要考查名词的词义和名词的句法功能在语篇中的翻译。
书面表达中名词的运用与考查则更加灵活，以名词的句法功能为主。
二、名词的考点1. 名词的数1) 名词的单复数规则变化2) 名词的单复数不规则变化易错点：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如：two Englishmen。
但German和human不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans和humans。
3) 复合名词变复数✧复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。
bedroom→bedrooms卧室looker-on→lookers-on旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law儿媳妇✧如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。
go-between→go-betweens中间人look-out→look-outs守望者grown-up→grown-ups成年人✧易错点：man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式，如a man doctor→two men doctors4) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，表达复数含义✧如：people; police; cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，apolice，a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.✧the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, theSwiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
初中英语语法之形容词与副词的基本用法讲义(含部分答案)
教学内容形容词和副词知识结构形容词一、形容词的定义形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。
二、形容词的句法功能成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。
1）表示发生时间的副词：►It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。
►She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：►He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2. 地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home1）有不少表示地点的副词：►She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。
它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：①用作介词：Stand up!起立！①用作副词：A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词：It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3. 方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：►How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。
2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：►She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：►He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
高考英语语法复习名词知识讲解讲义
高考英语语法复习名词知识讲解一、名词分类1、普通名词：表示一类人、东西或抽象概念的名词。
又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词个体名词——单个（类）的人、物、事等，如：boy，house，tiger等集体名词——有集合、团体含义的词，如：family，team，police等物质名词——无法判断个体的事、物，如：air，snow，bread，rice等抽象名词——表达动作、状态、品质、情感等概念，如：glory，friendship等2、专有名词：表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
（首字母需大写）人名——Tom，Cinderella，Michelle等星期、月份、节日——Sunday，February，the Spring Festival等国家、城市——China，London，Paris等建筑、街道——the Fifth Evenue，Downing Street等3、名词对等语：具有名词性质，通常视为单数。
名词短语——The time of the meeting is not decided yet.不定式——To study abroad is my greatest desire.动名词——Seeing him makes me angry.名词性从句——I know that he has finished the work.The problem is when we can get a pay rise.There is a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.二、名词的性1、阳性：指人类社会中的男性个生或者是动物中的雄性个体。
阳性名词用he，his，him，复数用they来指代。
如：Brother，husband，king，uncle，bull，father等。
例：Tom is a teacher.He works in a primary school.2、阴性：指人类社会中的女性个生或者是动物中的雌性个体。
英语语法讲义
英语语法讲义词法第一讲：名词，Part One: 名词考点：名词的数，名词的所有格，名词作定语，名词与冠词。
I. 名词的分类：1.专有名词：2.普通名词：可数：不可数：II.永远不可数的名词：advice fun information chocolate knowledge progress luggage/baggage furnitureIII.即可数又不可数的名词:room word experience shock danger success failure work difficulty honour surprise pleasure equipmentIV. 加s不加s意思不一样sand manner work wood time drinks arm glass regardV.特殊的复数1. 以f结尾：belief cliff roof gulf serf chief handkerchief proof2 .以o结尾：photo piano kilo radio zoo3. 只有复数：cattle people clothes police4.集体名词：class government team army committee group company family5.单复数同型：sheep deer aircraft spacecraft means species series6.有关man和woman: a woman teacher ---two women teachers ,a man cook—two men cooks7.主干词加s: brother-in-law comrade-in-arm story-teller looker-on passer-by8.无主干词在最后加：grown-up go-between forget-me-notVI.名词的格：1.‘s所有格的用法:2.国家，城市的所有格：3.时间，距离的所有格：4. else 的所有格：5.of 的所有格用法：6.名词做定语：VII.过关测试：1.It is bad _______to speak with your month full of food.A.manner B way C .manners D. thing2.I can‘t say which is better---it‘s a(n)___________of personal taste.A. affairB. eventC. matterD. variety3.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their_______and weakness .A. strengthsB. benefitsC. techniquesD. values4.I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children‘s________.A. reachB. handC. holdD. place P1.5.Always read the _______carefully on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions6._________came ______the president himself would inspect our school next week.A. Word//thatB. Word/whichC. A word /thatD. Word ,what7.How far is it ? It is ________from here.A. a twenty minute‘s walkB. a twenty-minutes walkC. a twenty minutes‘walk D .twentyminutes walk8He is a man of ________and he has lot of interesting ________in his life..A.much experience /experiencesB. much experience /experienceB.many experience /experience D. many experiences/ experience9 .China has __________of more than 1.2 billion. A. much population B. the populationC. a little populationD. a large population of10. Classification is a useful _________to the organization0f knowledge in any field .A. mannerB. meansC. wayD. approach11. Schoolmaster is offering a ________to whoever can give some information about theproblem. .A. money B. reward C. prize D. promise12..He read the passage again and again but fail to make _________of it .A. meaningB. understandingC. viewD. sense13.No one is allowed to have the ________to use the office computer to plays games.A. powerB. privilegeC. abilityD. right14.The meeting was _______.Most people were for our plan.A. succeedB. successfullyC. successD. a success15.He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers.A. wealth/workB. wealth /works C wealths /work D. wealth / works答案：1—5 ＣＣBＡＢ6---10.ACADD 11—15. BDBDD名词及主谓一致Part one.1.You will find this map of _______________in helping you to get round the city.A. sourceB. senseC. favourD. value.2.Do you have any ___________of what life would be like if we lived on other planets.B. plan . B. ideaC. impression.D. imagination.3.Always read the ______________on the bottle carefully and take the right amount ofmedicine.C. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions.D.instructions.4.The ____________on his face told me that he was angry .D. impression B. sight C. appearance. D. expression5.At the meeting they discussed three different ____________to the study of mathematics.E. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways.6.School children must be taught how to with dangerous __________.F. states B. conditions. C. situations D .positions.7.You are always full of _______________.Can you tell me the secret?---Taking plenty of exercise every day .G. power B. strength C. force D. energy8.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover myliving_____________.H. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges9.H and his wife are of the same _____________:they both want their son to go tocollege .I. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind .10.I can‘t say which wine is better ?It is a(n)____________of personal taste.J. affair B. event C. matter D. variety.11.The ____________shoes were covered with mud ,so I asked them to take themoff before they got into _______________.car.K. girl‘s/Tom‘s Ｂgirls‘/Toms‘ C. girls ‘/Tom‘s Dgirls‘s /Toms‘12.James took the magazine off the little table to make _____________for thetelevision.L. room B. area C. field D. position.13.All the ________have three _______each.M. hero, photo B .heros, photos C . heroes , photos D.heroes ,photos.14.Genenrally speaking ,the __________wages should be 10 percent higher than the ________>N. teachers‘/officials‘ B.teachers‘/that of officials.C.teacher‘s/official‘s D.teachers?officials.15.I don‘t like him to know that I don‘t want to be with him.,but he never gets the ________.O. message B. news C. information D. word.Part Two :1.---Henry has been teaching English in Beijing University for many years.---It‘s no ___________he can speak Chinese so well‘A.matterB. doubtC. problemD. wonder2.___________is not a long way to walk .A.Three miles‘distanceB. Three miles distanceC.Three-mile-distanceD.Three-miles distance3.I am serious .Don‘t regard it as a ___________.A. pleasureB. jokeC. foolD. fun.4.Before we moved into the new house ,we bought many ________.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. pieces of furnitureD. furniture pieces.5 .What __________it is to jump into the water to swim in the hot weather .A. a funB. funsC. the funsD. fun.6.In this strange village ,there are many small flags on the __________.A.roof.B. roofsC. roovesD.foofes7.When I gave up work I shall take a long sea __________.A. tripB. travelC. journeyD. voyage.8.In that country ,there are two glass _____________and one chemical _________.A .work s /works B. work /works C, factories ,work D.work,work9.Although Tan Weiwei began her _________by singing in a local bar, she is now a famous star.A. employmentB. professionC. occupationD.career10.It was reported that the problem had been settled without much __________.A.affectB. affairC. effectD. effort11.These trousers don‘t fit me well. Would you please show me another _______.A. setB. pairC. piece D>one12.He has spent a large _________of money on his new house .A. dealB. numberC. amountD. piece.13.Our _________protects us from the cold.A.dressB. clothingC. clothesD. cloth.14.I should like to try that coat on, for I don‘t know if it is my ___________.A. shapeB. modelC. designD. size.15.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English exam ,so that she could be sure of passing it on her first __________.A. intentionB. attemptC. purposeD. desire.Part Three.1.The mananger entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of thetickets___________.A. was bookedB. had been bookedC. were bookedD. have been booked ,2.Every possible means ___________to prevent the air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear.B. is used B. are usedC. has been usedD.have been used.3.He is the only one of the students who ___________a winner of scholar for three years.A. isB.areC. have beenD. has been4As a result of destroying the forest a large _____of desert _____covered with the landA .numbers/has B.quantity /has C. number/have Ｄquantity/have5. The teacher ,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____________visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be6. On top of the books _________the photo album you are looking for.A. isB. areC. has D> have7. Most of what has been said about the Smiths __________also true of the Johnsons.A. areB. isC. beingD. have8.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _______used regularly.A. isB. are C was D. were.9 The population of Jiangsu ___________to more than twice what it was in 1949.A. has grownB. have grownC. grewD. are growing10. Either you orr one of your students ___________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow .A. areB. isC. haveD.be .11.A survey of the opinions of experts_ _______that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ___________good for oen‘s health.A. show/areB. shows/isC.show/isD.shows/are12. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ____________rising steadilysince 1990.A.isB. areC. has beenD. have been13.---Is everyone here?----Not yet-------look,there __________the rest of our guests.A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming14.It is reported that many a new house ___________at present in the disaster area.A. are being builtB. were being builtC. was being builtD. is being built.15. Buying clothes ___________a hard job because the clothes a person likes _______not very offen fit him.A. are, doB. is ,doesC. are ,doesD. is ,doPart Four1.He is the only one of the students who __________abroad.A. have goneB. has goneC. are goingD. is going to2.Do you know the singer and dancer who ________at the gate?B. is standing B. are standingC. is standD. standing3.Mike ,what did our monitor say just now ?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _________to visit the musem ________asked to at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning .C. is ,is B. are, are C. is ,areD. are, is4.The city government is planning to build a new factory to deal with rubbish, but when andwhere to start _________.D. hasn‘t been decided B. haven‘t decided C. isn‘t being decided D. aren‘t decided5.___________either of your parents come to see you recently?E. Have B.Had C. Has D. Is6.They both have some friends ,but his _________more active .F. is B. will be C. was D. are7.Dou you think fifty dollars __________enough for a chair? I don‘t have much money withme . A. is B. are c. has D. have8.Films , __________the one you told me about yesterday or one that will be on ,________notworth seeing .G. including ,is B. as well as ,are C. besides ,is D. such as, are9. More than one student ,along with some parents, _______quizzed for information on the reference book so far. A was B. were C. have been D. has been10. What the science teacher does and say ________of great importance to college students.A. wasB. areC. isD. were11．A large _______of money is spent on the Hope Project and a good many schools _______set up..A. amount ,has been B. amount ,have been C.number ,has been D. deal, have beenge quantities of information ,as well as some timely help ________since the organization was built. A. has offered B. had been offered C. have been offered D. is offered.13.To play basketball and to go swimming _____good for character training.A. wasB. isC. areD. were.14.Nowdays a large number of women ,especially those from the countryside ,________in the clothing industry.A. is workingB. worksC. workD. worked15.Chairman Mao‖s works _________published.A. has beenB. have been .Ｃwas D. is .1—5 DBBDA 6—10 CDBDC 11—15 CACAA 1—5 DABCD 6—10 BDADD 11-15 BCCDB 1—5 BCABA 6—10ABDAB 11—15 BCADC 1—5 BADAC 6—10DADDB 11—15BCCCB第二讲: 冠词考点：冠词的基本用法。
重点语法讲义及练习英语语法
重点语法讲义及练习英语语法重点语法讲义及练习英语语法1. 动词的时态和语态1．1 动词的时态和语态一览表时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动被动 doare done didwere done will dowill be done现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动被动are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动被动 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done现在完成进行时主动被动 have been doing1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.2) 现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。
汉语提示语：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.3) 过去完成时a) said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.b) hardly…when, no sooner… thane.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的`条件状语从句中e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won.I wish I had done better in the exam.历年考题中的动词时态和语态1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.Key:1. comes 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数2. has expanded 现在完成时3. has been 现在完成时4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式5. began 一般过去时6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数7. has been living 现在完成进行时8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式9. witnessed 一般过去时10. were driven 一般过去时的被动【重点语法讲义及练习英语语法】。
高中英语语法系列--虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实(表示客观事实要用陈述语气)。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
比较：If she asks me tomorrow,I shall do it.如果她明天请求我，我会做的。
(陈述语气，说话人认为请求的可能性大)If she asked me tomorrow, I should do it. 假如她明天请求我，我会做的。
(虚拟语气，说话人认为请求的可能性小或不可能请求)1 虚拟语气的用法1-1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were/was not busy today, I should go with you.如果我今天有空，我会同你一起去的。
If he were/was here,he might talk with you.如果他在这里，他可能会同你谈谈。
If I were you,I wouldn't accept her suggestion.如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。
If I knew the answer to the question,I should/ would tell you.如果我知道问题的答案，我当然会告诉你。
If we left now, we should/would arrive there in time.如果我们现在就动身，我们会准时到达那里。
If he didn't do exercise every day,he wouldn't be so strong.如果他不每天锻炼，他不会那样强壮的。
If it weren't raining, we would go fishing.要是现在不下雨，我们就去钓鱼了。
最新高考英语语法讲义
高考英语语法讲义1. 语法概述（主要内容：英语语法的学习方法与高考应试技巧、高考英语语法考点总体架构解析）2. 名词、数词、冠词3. 代词4. 代词（续）、形容词与副词5. 动词概述（主要内容：解析包括情态动词在内的动词各类型）6. 时态7. 语态、语气、非谓语动词8. 非谓语动词（续）、介词9. 定语从句10. 状语从句11. 名词性从句、主谓一致12. 倒装句、省略句、情景交际单选题真题训练Unit 1 语法概述第一部分：应试技巧之真题演练（一）1. Never ___ time come back again.A．will lose B．will lost C．will losing D．will to lose2. We station when the train began to move.A．no sooner B．D．learns第二部分：应试技巧之真题演练（二）— David do it. 并不是人人都能做这件事。
例外情况：all 与具有否定意义前缀或后缀的单词连用时表示全部否定。
如：We all dislike smoking. 我们全都不喜欢抽烟。
all与形式肯定而意义否定的其他词或词组连用时也表示全部否定，包括与too…to…、fail to、free of (from)连用等等。
例如：All the people there are too old to work. 那里所有的人年龄都太大，不适合工作。
All of them are now free from danger.他们全都脱离危险了。
They all failed to keep their words. 他们全都没有信守诺言。
（2）用nothing、 there.二、疑问句的否定式疑问句的否定式主要有两种形式：1.将助动词、系动词或情态动词移到主语前（特殊疑问句的疑问词本身作主语时则不移动），not留在主语后面，例如：Is again. Let's not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter.Unit 2 名词可数名词规则复数形式所遵循的规则为：1.绝大多数名词的复数形式是在该词的单数形式后加-s，-s在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音和元音后读z，在以ce、se、ze、(d)ge等结尾的词后读iz（在以th结尾的名词后的读法存在不规则的情况）。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语语法讲义初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleansthe room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。
如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。
如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。
如：He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
如：They usuallykeep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。
如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法：(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge(2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法：(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
二、名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tom, the People‘s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。
如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box, child, orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。
如：map →maps,boy→boys,horse→horses, table→tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes,bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。
如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
如：family→families, city→cities, party →parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。
如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.3、名词所有格：1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加‟s。
如：Childern‘s Day(儿童节), mysister‘s book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。
只在词尾加‟。
如：Teachers‘ Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加‘s. 如：today‘s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes‘ break(十分钟的课间休息),China‘s population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。
如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).2、[注解]：①‗s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt‘s(我阿姨家), the doctor‘s(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用A and B‘s的形式,如：Lucy and Lily‘s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father‘s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。