高考英语语法之谓语以及谓语动词的用法归纳讲义

高中英语语法之谓语以及谓语动词的用法归纳讲义谓语（predicate verb）是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。

不论何种时态、语态、语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。

谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。

例如：
I like walking. (一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况：
第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：
What does this word mean?
I won't do it again.
You'd better catch a bus.
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。

例如：
The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
Keep quiet and listen to me.
He looked worried.
常考要点之谓语动词
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致
①、主谓分割原则
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
分析：symbolize应改为symbolizes。

主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。

②、与后者一致原则
not…but, 强调but后面的名词，
not only…but also
③、与前者一致原则
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is,
中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致
例：The athlete, together with his coach and several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
分析：谓语动词应该与the athlete 保持一致，所以are改为
is
④、就近原则
or, either…or, neither…nor,
单数名词+or+复数名词+are
如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那么变为is
所以注意一点：如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数
如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数
例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
分析：or应改为and。

从谓语动词是复数形式判断，主语应该为复数，or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致，behavior是用单数形式，因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。

⑤定语从句主语就近原则
There are five apples that are red.
apples是复数，因此从句谓语动词是复数。

例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
分析：last应改为lasts。

从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数，其谓语动词应为单数形式。

⑥the +形容词主谓一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一类人，应该用复数
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况：
a. there be 句型
there be+名词+名词，那么最近的名词决定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词，名词其实是主语，所以be和名词保持一致
例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
分析：there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式，society当然用单数，所以there are 改为there is
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 miles in width.
分析：倒装句，are改为is
例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析：film应改为films , 主语实际上是名词，应该与谓语动词保持一致。

⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致
fifty percent of + 名词
one percent of + 名词
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系，主要取决于后面的名词，比如：
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
这里要强调两个结构
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可数名词+ are
most of + 不可数名词+ is
例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been found in central and eastern Canada.
分析：has been应改为have been。

介词of的宾语为复数名词短语，作主语的中心词half当然表复数，相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。

例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized in the United States are for foods and beverages.
分析：package应改为packages。

从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。

注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品，beverage 用复数表示不同种类的饮料。

要注意哪些谓语动词错误
一：及物动词缺少宾语
People will discuss in some detail.(错误。

discuss后面需要有宾语，告诉大家要讨论什么。

)
People will discuss this issue in some detail. (正确。

人们会比较详细地讨论这个话题。

)
二：情态动词后面的动词不能加to
Government should to protect environment. (错误。

should 是情态动词，后面跟动词原形。

)
Government should protect environment. (正确。

政府应该保护环境。

)
三：被动语态有误
A successful organization should not be consisted entirely of older people.(错误。

语义不需要使用被动语态 be +动词的过去分词。

)
A successful organization should not consist entirely of older people.(正确。

一个成功的企业不应该完全由老年人组成。

should not consist of)
四，词性错误
Economy development.(错误。

development是名词，不是动词。

) Economy develops.(正确。

经济发展了。

economy是单数，谓语动词记得加s。

)
五，固定搭配有误
This development leads some potential problems.(错误。

lead 后面不能直接加宾语。

)
This development leads to some potential problems.(正确。

这个发展导致了一些潜在的问题。

)
六，某些动词后面的宾语补足语不用加to
Economic development makes people’s life to change.(错误。

谓语动词make的使用方法 make sb do sth。

)
Economic development makes people’s life change.(正确。

经济发展让人们的生活发生了变化。

)。