作文讲义修订版
作文讲义
中间段中间段有以下具体特点：所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力；段落中一定具备主题句；段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节；内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强；段落之间连贯自然；段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当；词与句型运用合理并且有变化。
中间段展开方法归纳如下：列举法Eating wild animals gives rise to a lot of negative effects. In the first place, as many wild animals carry parasites, when we eat them, the parasites enter our bodies, thus causing a lot of illnesses. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a case in point. It was reported that the virus derived from a “delicious” animal and the disease has claimed thousands of lives throughout the world and brought great damages to people’s properties. In the second place, since animals are an indispensable part of o ur environment, the extinction of some animals may disturb the natural balance. Last but not least, eating wild animals is cruel. After all, wild animals are our close friends.比较对比法People who believe in the beneficial side may have some arguments as follows. To begin with, farmers can earn more money by working in the cities. Most of them will s end part of their income back home to help their families. What’s more, these farmers will help develop the cities in many ways. According to a recent survey, most of the construction projects in big cities are actually done by farmers.By contrast, some people argue that farmer migration may give rise to a series of negative effects. They worry that much land will be deserted in the country. In addition, it is also believed that rising crimes in cities are partly related to this migration.因果法The hamburger is the most popular food item in the United States. Every year Americans consume billions of them. They are sold in expensive restaurants and in humble diners. They are cooked at home on the kitchen stove or over a barbecue grill in the backyard. Why are they so popular?First, a hamburger is extremely easy to prepare. It is nothing more than a piece of ground beef, cooked for a few minutes. Then it is placed in a sliced bun. Nothing could be simpler. Even an unskilled cook can turn out hundreds of them in an hour. Besides that, the simple hamburger can be varied in many ways. You can melt some cheese on top of the beef to create a cheeseburger. You can also add some grilled bacon for an interesting flavor contrast. In addition, you can garnish the hamburger with other things such as lettuce, tomato, onion, mushrooms, avocado, pickles, hot pepper, ketchup, relish, mayonnaise, mustard or whatever you wish!例证法Take my neighbor as an example. There are three members in their family and the two adults were laid off last year. The only child will have to drop out of school next semester. In order to help them, I donated all my money—300 yuan to pay the tuition. And I plan to call on others to donate more money. Though I cannot do a lot, I have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.发展过程法To build your own sun scope, get a carton and cut a hole in one side, big enough to poke your head through. Paste white paper on the inside surface that you will be facing. Then punch a pinhole into the opposite side high enough so that the little shaft of light will miss your head. For a sharper image you can make a better pinhole by cutting a one-inch square hole in the carton, taping a piece of aluminum foil over this hole, and then making the pin-hole in the foil. Finally, tape the box shut and cover all light leaks with black tape.分类法Nowadays the news media mainly consists of radio, television and newspapers. Each type has its own advantages anddisadvantages.Newspapers are the oldest form for communicating the news. Today many people still begin their day by reading the morning paper while having breakfast, and end their day by reading the evening paper while having dinner.The invention of the radio has had a tremendous influence on the world. It is able to bring up-to-minute news to distant places in a matter of seconds. Thus the development of the radio has made the world a smaller place.Television is the most recently developed device for communication. It allows us to see as well as to hear the news. The fact that it enables people to see visual images has had a considerable effect on our perceptions of world events.标点1、英文没有顿号2、英文没有书名号，可用斜体，引号或下划线；专有名词常用斜体表示3、句号不同4、省略号(…)5、破折号专转本作文范文选1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.2. InterestsIt is no doubt that everyone has his interests. For example, your sister is interested in stamp collecting; your brother takes interest in physics; and you yourself have a liking for computer.To develop your interests will help you make way in the world. If you like to be a teacher and you receive adequate education, you will certainly make yourself a successful one. If you cultivate your various interests properly, you will probably find it easier to find a job or profession.Sometimes you have to give up your interests for one thing or another. If you have a family and still you have a great interest in watching TV or some other pastime, you have to give it up from time to time so that you can help with housework or spend time with your lovely kid.3. HonestyWhat is honesty? Honesty means telling the truth and being fair and upright in act. Honesty is a good virtue. He who liesand cheats is dishonest. Those who gain fortunes, not by hard labour, but by other means, are dishonest.Honesty is the best policy. If you are honest in all matters, you'll be trusted and respected by others. A liar is always looked down upon and regarded as a black sheep by the people around. Once you have lied, people will never believe you even if you are telling the truth. The fable of the shepherd boy just makes a typical example. Honest, your reputation will become great. Dishonest, your name will be spoiled and your personality degraded.Since honesty is so important, we must cultivate it. We should tell the truth at all times instead of making such an excuse as "A little dishonesty is only a trifle thing". We should eradicate immediately the seed of dishonesty once it is sowed in our minds.4. The Generation GapThe generation gap is the different ideas and attitudes toward the same matter between different generations.What causes the differences then? It is the rapid changes in a society that make many things different. Different generations receive distinct education, and therefore have different knowledge and experiences. Parents want their children to follow their old-fashioned and traditional rules and values. But the youngsters like to accept the modern ones and reject to maintain the old ones. Each generation has different things to do and they tend to have different attitudes towards many matters. Therefore, generation conflicts always arise.In order to narrow the gap, each generation is supposed to be aware of the needs of the other. Has the idea ever occurred to you that each generation should respect the other, listen to the other and discuss problems with the other patiently?5. TravellingPeople who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring provides more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes, which otherwise would be impossible.Those who dislike travelling have their reasons, too. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation calls for money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you may well grow to like and love.6. A Good FriendEveryone wants a friend who encourages the best in him. Such a friend shows he is interested in strengthening another. He can be counted on to give his support, and he will criticize, too, because he knows a person has to have feedback to grow and change.A good friend thinks carefully before he criticizes. He always asks himself whether his criticism is fair. He tries to find out all the facts involved in a situation because he knows how harmful inaccuracy can be.Kindness is also important to him. He wants to understand what the other person is feeling and respect those feelings. If a friend is both accurate and kind as a critic, everyone respects what he says. His criticism is something like love.7. AutomobilesAutomobiles, as the product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society. Industry needs automobiles for transportation. Agriculture needs automobiles for farming as well as transportation. Every day, automobiles drive people to or from work. At weekends, automobiles take families to joyful outings. And during travelling seasons, automobiles are all the more a common sight everywhere, even in remote areas. It can be said that the wheels of automobiles move human society forward.But automobiles have also given rise to a series of problems. For example, cities are overcrowded with automobiles. They make big noises and cause traffic accidents which disable or kill many people each year. Worst of all, perhaps, the air is polluted by the gases produced by automobiles. Some of the gases are poisonous and dangerous to health.Obviously, automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side. While they are so indispensable to mankind, they also bring us serious problems. It's only hoped that mankind, while making the most out of automobiles, will eventually findsatisfactory solutions to problems.8. The World Is Getting Smaller and SmallerMost of us may have such experiences: When you go to some place far away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street. Perhaps both of you would cry out, "What a small world!"Why is the world getting smaller and smaller? For one thing, faster and safer means of transport have greatly reduced distance. In the past it took people eight weeks to cross the Pacific Ocean, but now an air journey from Shanghai to New York only takes eight hours. For another, the quickening pace of modern society creates more opportunities for people to visit each other. For example, business activities and cultural exchange have brought peoples into constant contact with the world.So we may safely draw the conclusion that the more advanced a society and technology, the smaller the world will be.9. Make Our Cities GreenerIn recent years, while our industries and business have developed quickly, the number of tress in many big cities has dramatically reduced. Efforts are being made to prevent more trees from being fallen down, but it is of importance to realize the significance of making cities greener.Making cities greener has many advantages. First, it can make our air cleaner. Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce great amount of carbon in the atmosphere through absorption. Second, it can render our cities more beautiful. With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden. Finally, it can produce timber —an effective way to solve the problem of the limited supply of natural resources.Making our cities greener requires a nationwide effort. There should not only be a widespread awareness of its contribution to urban environment, but also a common action to plant more trees and preserve them from commercial use.10. HealthHealth is the foundation of one's future success. If you become sick, it is impossible for you to go on with your study or your work.. On the contrary, if you are strong, you can overcome the difficulties that lie ahead of you.How can you have good health? Firstly, you should do exercise every day to strengthen your bodies. Secondly, you should form some good habits, such as early rising. If you get up early, you can breathe fresh air. Thirdly, you should pay great attention to your health. If you are getting sick, you'd better go and see a doctor.In a word, nothing is more valuable than health. In good health, a student may absorb more knowledge and solve more complex problems. In good health, scientists can achieve more success and make more contributions.11. Advantages and Disadvantages of TelephoneTelephone is one of the most welcome and popular communication means. It is a great carrier of massages. Many people use it almost every day. I can hardly imagine how we would get on if we didn't have telephones.There are some advantages of telephones. The first is speed and the second is directness. If you want to get an immediate connection, it is obviously quicker to phone someone than to write a letter. If you want information, it is probable to get it directly by telephone. Another advantage is that telephone can give you a personal feeling. If you want to talk or get in contact with a friend or a relative, you feel much closer to them when you are talking to them on the telephone.However, telephones have some disadvantages. If you have a telephone at home, it often rings at an inconvenient time. It may ring when you are having a bath or when you are watching your favourite television program. Another disadvantage is that sometimes you might misunderstand what somebody is saying. If it is a matter of really important information, it is probably safer to have it in a letter than on telephone.12. Ways of Relaxing"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in English. There is much truth in it. It means that in order to keep ourselves in good health, we must take sufficient recreations.Everyone has his own way of relaxing. For people who sit much of the time at work, cycling is said to be a capital meansfinest forms of exercise, too. For peopleengaged in outdoor work, reading is anexcellent change if suitable books are chosen.I like sports and enjoy participating inthem. My favourite sport is table-tennisbecause it brings the whole body into action.In fact, it doesn't matter whether I play a gameof ping-pang or concentrate on the bridgetable. It is important for me to relax from timeto time.13. The Way to SuccessEveryone tries to achieve success in his career. However, someone finally attains his goal while another fails. Why? The one continues his cause to the end through long periods of hard struggling, but the other is easily disappointed or stops halfway.Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Diligence means steadiness in one's work and study. Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have many things to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and that success belongs to those who can suffer long years of patient toil and constant efforts.14. MoneyAs we all know, money is as important as air and water in the commercial world. Whatever we buy, wherever we go, we need money. Without it, there is nothing we can do, so to speak.However, we cannot take it for granted that money is everything. It has its negative effects, too. For example, some people may misuse money by gambling, drinking excessively or addicting themselves to drugs. Some others may even commit crimes in order to get much money.In my opinion, money itself is neither good nor bad. What counts lies in how to make good use of it. We need money in our daily life, but we should not be the slaves of money.15. Population of a Small Island StateDirections: Write a composition based on the following graph. The composition should be entitled "Population of a Small Island State."From the diagram, we can see that between 1900 and 1950, the population of the state remained a little less than 200,000. Since 1951 it has been increasing rapidly. In the past four decades, the population has gone up by over three times.There are several reasons for the increase. Firstly, the open policy being carried out in the state has enabled many foreign labourers to work there. Secondly, the beautiful scenery of the small island has attracted many tourists and some of them have been permitted to settle there. In addition, the government may not have realized the necessity of controlling population.If this trend continues, it is no doubt that the small state will suffer from various kinds of problems caused by over population, such as lack of land resources, food shortage and traffic congestion. Therefore, actions should be taken to controlthe increase of the population.。
)第9讲 作文的修改-2021年小升初语文“同步+专题”优质讲义(全国通用)(教师版
【问题作文】
考卷发下来了，我的语文得了100分，我非常高兴。可有几个同学却说我是抄的，在我面前说了很多讽刺话，这时我刺激很大，但却更增添了我学习的信心。
这一段话叙述空洞，缺乏具体的描写，读来味同嚼蜡。同学们是怎么讽刺“我”的？对“我”造成了怎样的刺激？“我”的心态怎样？作者都没有写出来。我们来比较下面这一段：
②我看见他戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑布大马褂，深青布棉袍，蹒跚地走到铁道边，慢慢探身下去， 尚不大难。可是他穿过铁道，要爬上那边月台，就不容易了。他用两手攀着上面，两脚再向上缩；他肥胖的身子向左微倾，显出努力的样子（选自《背影》一文）
第9讲作文的修改
学习目标
1．了解考场作文对语言的要求，掌握优化语言的一般方法。
【互动探究】
在校园的篱笆下，有两个同学在说话。
A说：“昨天晚上，爸爸送我一副军棋，我高兴死了。” B说：“前天半夜里，有只老鼠爬上床，把我吓死了。”
A说：“今天的算术测验，我别想得到好成绩，题目难得要死。” B说：“这几道题目，正巧我都复习了，运气好得要死。”
A说：“我有本漫画，真是好看得要死。”
B说：“我有盒巧克力，真是好吃得要死……”老是“死”呀“死”的，能不能换个说法呢？比如：
前天夜里,静悄悄的。突然感到脑门上‘啪’的一下，连忙拉开灯一看，原来是一只超大老鼠。我浑身汗毛都竖起来了，话也不敢说了，皮肤上鸡皮疙瘩也冒出来了……
你能把其他的句子也换个说法吗？怎么描述更生动形象呢？
【佳作赏析】
①有喜有忧，有笑有泪，有花有果，有香有色，既须劳动，又长见识，这就是养花的乐趣。
——老舍《养花》
②生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美。
作文讲义
第四档（16-20 分）
完成了试题规定的任务:
1.比较准确、清楚地表达了短文的内容 2.应用语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求 3.语法结构和词汇应用基本准确，少许错误主要是因为尝试较复杂语言结构或词汇所致 4.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑达到了预期的写作目的。
Summary:
Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning. I’m Li Hua from Fujian, China. It’s my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it.As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to
Content: We should be aware of all the details that must be included in the article. We should make sure that everything we write must be to the point. So I suggest you should do as follows: 1.Analyze the requirements, list all the details that we must write, and make a lot of things clear such as tense, people, background and so on. 2. Brainstorm and try to come up with as many new ideas associated with the content as possible. 3. List the words and expressions as well as sentences patterns that we are likely to use. 4. Organize all the materials and begin the writing.
初中作文辅导讲义(3-4)
初中作文辅导讲义（3-4）本文转载自开心小伙《初中作文辅导讲义（3-4）》第三章立意的能力【能力定位】立意，就是确定主题。
主题，就是通过对人物、事件、情节的叙述和描写所表现出来的一种思想。
主题是文章的灵魂，它像一根红线贯穿全篇，成为整篇文章的中心。
文章的选材、剪裁、结构、表达，都要以主题为依据，受主题的约束。
所以，一篇文章立意的成败或质量高低，就决定了这篇文章的成败或质量优劣。
因此，下笔前一定要在立意上下一番功夫。
【要点阐释】初中语文大纲提出：“根据写作需要，确定表达的内容和中心。
”这是初中写作训练的基本要求，也是作文成功的关键。
确定了主题，就好像射箭有了靶子，登山有了目标，夜船有了航灯。
立意的要求可简括为“五要”：（一）正确。
所谓“正确”，指文中所表现的观点和思想必须符合马列主义、毛泽东思想，符合人们正确的伦理观念和道德标准，必须有积极的意义，自己的看法必须符合客观实际，让人读后能受到教益。
这是写文章的最基本的要求。
如课文《一件珍贵的衬衫》，通过叙述这件衬衫的来历，高度赞扬了周总理爱护人民、关心群众、平易近人的高贵品质，这个立意就是正确的。
但是，有少数同学由于认识水平低，缺乏是非观念，有时把一些错误的东西当成正确的来宣扬。
譬如作文题《尝试》．有个别考生把自己“谈恋爱”“打架”“偷东西”“吸烟”等一些坏行为写进去，并且持肯定态度，这样的立意大错特错。
（二）深刻。
所谓“深刻”，指是文章的立意应该是揭示事物本质的，能使读后深受启发、深受教育的，或可能从平凡的事件中看出不平凡的思想光辉的，是有深度，有层次性的，等等。
如《琐忆》一文，记叙了作者与鲁迅先生交往中的几件小事，从而歌颂了鲁迅先生“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛”的伟大人格，表达了对鲁迅先生永远的怀念和深深的崇敬，这样的立意就是深刻的。
（三）鲜明。
好的文章，作者爱什么、恨什么、赞成什么、反对什么，孰美孰丑，谁是谁非，态度必须明朗，旗帜必须鲜明。
中考语文考点复习教案作文写作指导讲义
中考语文考点复习教案作文写作指导讲义一、教学目标：1. 理解作文的重要性，认识到中考语文考试中作文的地位。
2. 掌握作文的基本结构，包括引言、和结尾。
3. 学会运用修辞手法和好词好句，提升作文的语言表达能力。
4. 培养学生的观察能力、思考能力和创新能力，使他们在作文中能更好地表达自己的思想和观点。
5. 通过作文训练，提高学生的写作兴趣和写作能力。
二、教学内容：1. 作文的基本结构：介绍作文的三个部分，引言、和结尾，并讲解各个部分的作用和写作要点。
2. 修辞手法：介绍常见的修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、夸张等，并讲解如何运用这些修辞手法使作文更生动有趣。
3. 好词好句：提供一些常用的成语、谚语和优美的句子，让学生在作文中灵活运用，提升作文的语言表达能力。
4. 观察和思考：引导学生观察生活，思考问题，培养他们的观察能力、思考能力和创新能力。
5. 作文训练：布置一些作文题目，让学生进行练习，并提供修改和指导。
三、教学过程：1. 引入：通过讲解作文在中考语文考试中的重要性，引起学生对作文的重视。
2. 讲解：讲解作文的基本结构，包括引言、和结尾，并讲解各个部分的作用和写作要点。
3. 讲解：介绍常见的修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、夸张等，并讲解如何运用这些修辞手法使作文更生动有趣。
4. 讲解：提供一些常用的成语、谚语和优美的句子，让学生在作文中灵活运用，提升作文的语言表达能力。
5. 练习：布置一些作文题目，让学生进行练习，并提供修改和指导。
四、教学评价：1. 学生能掌握作文的基本结构，包括引言、和结尾。
2. 学生能理解并运用常见的修辞手法，使作文更生动有趣。
3. 学生能在作文中灵活运用好词好句，提升作文的语言表达能力。
4. 学生的观察能力、思考能力和创新能力得到提升。
5. 学生的写作兴趣和写作能力得到提高。
五、教学资源：1. 教学PPT：制作相关的教学PPT，包括文字、图片和示例，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握作文写作技巧。
作文讲义
素材列举
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2.电影《大圣归来》是创新的典范 齐天大圣孙悟空被如来压到五行山下，神通尽失， 被唐僧的前世——小和尚江流儿救出，因为手腕上的封 印没有消除，那时的大圣是一只有着桀骜不驯臭脾气的 普通猴子。当面对专门抓童男童女的妖怪时，他犹豫彷 徨，有心想救那些孩子，却又怕失败丢面子，到底是一 走了之还是拼死一战？在江流儿的感召下，大圣手臂上 的封印解除，手拿金箍棒的齐天大圣重新归来。 • 这部动画电影继承了《西游记》的传统，又在故事情节 上作了开拓，展示了齐天大圣在善恶面前的内心斗争， 使孙大圣具有了普通人的特点，感动了观众。
结构合理
• 文章结构是组织安排写作内容的思路。关 于“结构”方面的四个等级标准要求是： 结构严谨、结构完整、结构基本完整、结 构混乱。 • 那么，阅卷老师眼中好的作文结构是怎样 的呢？
• 1．相对稳定的议论文结构模式。即“三三 五”式或“三二四”式，也就是全文分引 论、本论、结论三部分，本论部分可分为 三个或两个段落，引论、结论各一段，总 共五个段落或四个段落。全文以800～1 000字计，引论、结论各写100字，本论部 分每段写200字(或300字)左右。 • 2．正反对比式的议论文结构。正反对比进 行论证，使阅卷老师能够在很短时间内对 考生的论点、论据、论证过程一目了然。
•
到了汉代，印度的佛教传入中国，汉朝 的文化精英们并没有排斥它，而是宽容地 接纳了它。一时间佛教在中国兴盛起来。 佛教文化并没有侵害了中国文化，而是极 大地丰富了中国文化，而且逐渐本土化， 儒、佛、道一起构成中国的传统文化，并 影响着中国人的人生观，平衡着中国人的 心态。 • 唐代是伟大的时代，之所以它伟大，是 因为它包容，所以才创造出灿烂辉煌的文 化，无怪乎有些人想“梦回唐朝”了。李 白、杜甫、高适、王维等诗人并没有指责 对方的诗歌不和某些规定或者冒犯了什么，
初中作文写作讲义全套
第一讲审题求“准”作文审题的终极目标是准确到位、不偏不倚。
可以说，准确审题是写作的基础，是获取作文保险分的“奠基石”。
一、命题作文的审题方法(一)单个词的审题方法作文题目是一个词语，这种形式浅显而醒目，较为容易。
如：2016年广州作文题目：阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。
龙应台《独立宣言》这篇文章提出了一个值得探讨的问题：用什么样的方式与人相处才是适合的？其实，我们生活学习、待人处事等，都需要寻找适合的方式。
请结合你身边的事例，以“适合”为题目，写一篇文章。
要求：①文体自选(诗歌除外)；②600字以上；③不得抄袭《独立宣言》一文的内容。
审题时，我们可以从以下几个方面考虑：【审题立意】拿到作文题，我们从三大类主题入手思考。
一、真情类：写亲情、师生情、社会真情。
在与亲人朋友相处时，我们需要找到适合的沟通方式。
然而，受阅读《独立宣言》的影响，很多学生都会从这个角度去写。
从细节描写之处见真情，则是这类作文脱颖而出的关键。
二、成长类：围绕“适合自己的才是最好的”来思考。
比如：我们做事、学习都要适合自己的节奏，找准自己的方向去努力；别人拥有的美好的事物、生活，不一定适合我们。
三、社会类：思考角度从个人上升到社会现象、文化潮流，如外来文化与当地文化的融合是否适合、传统文化与当代潮流是否适合等。
此类立意在考场中有较高优势，可以写成记叙文、议论文等，但切忌空洞、泛泛而谈。
【思路点拨】可选择一些带有冲突的事件来写：如：①在选择高中文理科时，父母认为孩子适合理科，但孩子认为自己更适合文科，父母和孩子之间要找到一个适合的方式去沟通与相处。
②祖辈、父辈与伴侣相处的方式往往没有什么轰轰烈烈的故事，都是为了日常生活的鸡毛蒜皮而磕磕绊绊，但这种在其他人看来平淡无奇的相处方式其实就是最适合他们的，平淡之处有属于他们的真情。
③社会生活中，人与人之间适合的相处方式：摔倒了敢扶，赠送了馒头知谢，善款捐了知去向；邻里间的相互招呼，路人间的热心指路，困难时的帮把手。
作文讲义
立意货批判性思维---【科技】手机/微博/微信/博客/电脑1、进步的限度：更深捆绑/绑架了人类科技改变人类 ----科技使人异化卡夫卡：《变形计》卓别林：《摩登时代》苹果手机换代老子---更先进的东西我并不是不知道他们更先进，更优越，更便利；我担心一旦进入到进步的圈套之中，我便无法从中抽身。
《逍遥游》---无所待----简单心灵整理/清扫身体整理/清扫2、本质===人：目的不是手段手机---用户体验（人）---改变世界---重复产品绑架用户—创造更大利润3、独立思考/独立判断碎片化信息网络可以告诉我们世界上有多少亿本书，不会像那些真正用心阅读的语文老师告诉我们那些才是真正值得我们阅读的。
2013文气型议论文思辨型议论文发现提出====手机让我们思考进步/科技的限度：问题分析===举例（苹果摩登时代卡夫卡+分析：没有行动绑架）解决===1、人是目的 2 独立思考批评性思维===独立思考手机作为今天最为先进的科技从来不是历史上的第一个也不是最后一个，时间倒转，在现代工业刚刚诞生的那个时代，蒸汽机也曾是时代的弄潮儿。
还记得卓别林的那部《摩登时代》吗？当一个产业工人在大机器中最终因为专业分工和过强的劳动无法停止自己转动螺丝的手，他已经不再是一个人，而异化为一台机器。
卡夫卡《变形计》的开头是令人深思的，那个叫做格里高利的工人一早醒来变成了一只甲虫，我知道，卡夫卡是在讲述一个现代寓言，他告诉我们，人在现代科技进步的同时可能异化自我，被科技绑架。
手机的确给我们带来了更多的便利，但当时时听到新闻中那些因为看手机、刷微博而开车走神酿成大祸的新闻；当时时听到一些年少无知的孩子因为一款苹果手机不惜卖肾也要拥有，我的心是沉痛的，不禁要问：究竟是人在使用手机，还是手机在绑架人们？知识性概论教育教育---知道分子（信息）/知识分子（知道+实践）大学：中国文学史西方文学史文学概论 ====文学常识概论—知识学些东西---想些问题---做些事情“学而时习之，不亦说乎？”六艺——礼乐射御书数墨子孟子这种平衡生活的理念在中国自古就是教育追索的真正目标。
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1 第一章 总论 1.1审题注意三事项 1. 宏观：体裁+话题 2. 内容要求：汉语提纲/英文提示 3. 字数：四级140-160/六级170-190
1.2写作时间安排 1. 审题：识别功能段落 2. 以关键词形式打草稿 3. 段落写作：现象、原因、危害、建议、意义、观点 4. 检查修正
第二章 写作基础 2.1写作用词两方面 a. 广度：using a rich variety of words 方法：1). 同义反义词； 2). 同根词（词性转化）； 3). 范畴词：上义词、 下义词、 相关词（如：题目online shopping 的相关词可以是：Internet, shopping websites, customers, online stores, goods） 4). 代词替换：某群体those with/ people who 如：拥有博士学位的人群 those with doctoral degrees/ people who have doctoral degrees b. 深度：弃用第一反应词。
2.2句子写作 a.造句原则：1) 切忌逐字翻译；2）汉语意思—》英文结构
b.造句基础：1）简单句：主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补 2）并列句：and/ or/ while/ but 3）复合句：名词从句、定语从句、状语从句 备注：三种基本句式变体为：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句等 c.如何写正确？三个事项： 1）词性；2）单复数；3）动词（时态、语态、语气） 2.1 写作翻译常用句式： For CET-4 1）被动
2）名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 3）定语从句：写作步骤：1）先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分（中心名词） 2
2）在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when
4）含同位语句式： 1）人—》身份；Eg. I am convinced that „ As a college student, I am convinced that 2）物—》性质: A strong will brings us power „ As a vital quality, a strong will brings us
5）it 句式：形式主语1）it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do „ 形式宾语2）sb find/ notice it difficult to do „
6）there be:
7）强调句：1）强调谓语：I love you. - I do love you. / I did love you. 2) 强调句式：It is +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分 8）（半）倒装： 1）表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序)；Eg. I will never agree. Never will I agree. 2）Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装 When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness. Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness. 3) As/though倒装形式 Although ZYK is a girl, she is called brother Zeng. Girl as ZYK is, she is called brother Zeng. 4）平衡结构性倒装：如图表作文首句：Given is a chart which clearly illustrates the striking contrast/ relation between _____ and ______.
9）双重否定：用于强调: no ____ is / are more _____ than ________. The importance of _____ can not be too emphasized.
10）Ving 状语：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase. I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase. Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase. For CET-6: 11）with 结构：with+n/pron+adj /ed /ving/ prep
a．前面有逗号，与整个句子隔开：充当整个句子状语成分 b．前面无逗号，直接用在名词后：充当前面名词定语成分 12) 插入语： 3
第三章 段落及篇章写作 a. 六种功能段落及篇章写作思路 （四级考试作文一般写三段，每一段完成题目中的一项或两项“内容要求”，篇章层面为六种功能段落的排列组合）
b. 现象、危害、原因、建议、观点（利弊）、意义段写作逻辑： “一个中心，四个基本点”：
3.1现象描述 现象段：______（引出问题+具体描述/看法理解+总结问题）=主题句+具体现象 1）引出问题： ☆首句1. On many campuses/ In contemporary society/Nowadays, it has become a (prevalent) trend/tendency for _______to ______. 首句2.(背景) Living in an era of knowledge/ fierce competition, _doctors and masters have more access to job opportunities. (2012-12真题) 首句3. In recent years, (it can be noticed that) __________________________than (ever) before. (比较级引出问题) ☆首句4：In China, _________ has/ have gained great/wide popularity among _______. 或：In China, ______ has been enjoying growing popularity and it is of great importance. 首句5：（背景）The past years /decades have seen the huge/speedy advancement/ development of _____________. 首句6：Given is an interesting but thought-provoking cartoon: ____________. 2）具体描述： 二句1：（事实描述：相关人+感受）Meanwhile, an increasing number of individuals/people find it difficult/ hard/ troublesome to __________________. An increasing number of: find--> deem/ regard 负面：difficult正面：convenient/ comfortable/ inexpensive/ natural / necessary 二句2：（举例描述1）A case in point is /A typical example is/This phenomenon can be best illustrated by the fact that . ☆ （举例描述2）Turning/Taking a look around/at_______, we can notice/find a great many/plenty of/a good deal of examples like this: 两个例子.
二句3：(举例描述3)：Our daily life has been filled with a variety of examples, (but the following will suffice:) ______________. 二句4：（调查法描述：）(According to a recent survey,) a majority/72.34% of people/ students /individuals /citizens /residents admit/reckon /acknowledge that _______. 二句5：（看法理解）：Obviously, this carton/saying can be naturally associated with 4
the significance of________: 3）总结问题：承上+启下(如字数已够，可以不写) 三句1：（承上）Thus/Therefore/Hence, （启下）how to _______________ effectively has become a matter of concern. 三句2：（承上）As a result/ Consequently/ Accordingly，（启下）_____ requires/ necessitates/ calls for close attention of the whole society. 三句3: (承上) So, （启下1）due attention should be paid to _____/ （或）we should keep a close eye on ____.
3.2分析危害 危害段：（弊）=主题句+危害1+危害2+总结 主题句1：If we keep turning a blind eye, this trend is bound to generate/ result in/lead to serious effects. ☆主题句2: Apparently enough, there are some negative impacts which we should not ignore/neglect. ☆主题句3：Quite obviously, it is of great necessity to figure out the negative influences (behind it). 主题句4：To tackle this problem, it is of great/vital significance to analyze the potential negative impacts of this matter. 具体危害写法 ☆危害1：To begin with, _____ may damage/ hurt/ injure/ harm/ impair/ undermine the over-all /sustainable development of ______, (because____________). ☆危害2：Moreover, (强调句式) it is _____ that does/do not enable ______to build up / expand /enjoy__________. 危害3：This trend is particularly worth concern for the background that ____ may focus much eyesight on _____, ignoring the significance of _________. ☆危害4：Besides, (it can be argued that) _____ means/equals a grave amount of time/energy/natural resources; (however, ______ is definitely valuable/ limited). ☆ 危害5：As a matter of fact, ______in mounting/ large numbers have ignored the significance /necessity of _____ ☆万能危害总结1：And if we let this situation continue as it is, we will not know where ____ will be in the forthcoming future. 危害总结2：To conclude, it is undeniable that the bad impacts of _____ can never be turned a blind eye to. 3.3分析原因 原因段=主题句+原因1+原因2+总结 ☆主题句1：Generally speaking, several reasons can account for this phenomenon. (中性话题) 主题句2：In general, there are several factors contributing to this phenomenon (, but the following may be the most critical).（中性话题） ☆主题句3：It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon are diverse/ various. 主题句4：To solve/deal with this worrying/disturbing issue, it is of vital significance to explore / investigate the possible reasons. 原因1：In the first place, ___________ is the root cause. A good case in point is that _____________________/(According to a survey), a majority of ______ admit that _____________________. (原因+例子/或调查法描述)