大学英语作文1500字：利他主义和利己主义
雅思作文 利己主义和为社会做贡献
雅思作文利己主义和为社会做贡献People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate goals,people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole.The modern economics stands on the basis of some core assumptions, one of which is that when individuals and private companies strive for their own good, usually by the same token they contribute to the whole society, whether consciously or unconsciously.Along with the development of free economy goes individualism that seemingly amounts to egoism. People have never cease questioning individualism and some advocate collectivism instead. In my view, however, until now individualism still serves the society at large very well because the society has inherent capability to convert individual pursuits into societal contributions.I used to be an advocator for collectivism. I even remembera sentence (if I can call it so) from a passage criticizing individualism fiercely: “Individualism +individualism=collectivism?” Of course, individualism cannot change into collectivism by a simply plus. I also, even now, firmly stand against egoism that emphasizes one's self toan extreme extent that he or she ignores or despises others and is somewhat anti-social.However, it is unfair and often counterproductive to compel societal interests onto individuals by external forces, such as political propaganda. First of all, most people have limited duty and therefore power (I believe the two are basically correlated.) to pursue the stability, progress or other issues of the large society. If such exertion on common people goes too far, they will naturally feel trespassed upon and thus be pushed toward egoism instead.Now I have realized, in light of economics, that the society itself does have a magic to make people serve it indirectly while they are only trying to maximize their own interests. Except a few political leaders, business entrepreneurs and social activities,people seldom need to make unwilling trade-offs between their individual interests and that of the entire society. In fact, the two overlap in most cases and the chief difference is the latter just is hidden beneath the former.Consider, for example, a medicine engineer who is very common and not concerned with what the society needs. Rather than such abstract concept as society, he (or she) serves hisconcrete customers very well by researching and developing more effective and economical medicines. He is not a hero who can influence the society to the extent that newspapers would report about him. Nevertheless, he is really contributing his part to the society by saving lives or just make people healthy. Legal jobs, namely most jobs, are also beneficial to the society.The notion of global interests of society is derived from the needs of individual. An individual needs health, and medicine industry meets it. Similarly, most needs of people can be satisfied by jobs of individuals, usually more effective and efficient than by the government or the like. Working for jobs, people win rewards for their contribution (directly or otherwise) to the society as a whole and are thus not likely to degenerate into selfish anti-social ones.The society innately operates in this way that individuals serve each other in order to earn for their own good. Individualism, as long as it is healthily developed, especially avoiding from undue advocating for collectivism, usually does not result in egoism.When people improve their well-beings by legitimate jobs, they actually add to the interests of the society. Just as an old saying goes, “all for one, one for all”。
2024届高考模拟作文“利他与利己”导写及范文(仿2023全国乙卷作文)
2024届高考模拟作文“利他与利己”导写及范文（仿2023全国乙卷作文）【原题呈现】22.阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
(60分)“上善若水，水善利万物而不争。
”老子之所以推崇水，很重要的一个原因就是水包含了“利他”精神。
在中国传统文化中，贤人的境界是“自利利他，胸怀天下”。
但现在不少人认为，利他与利己是对立的，利他就是牺牲自我，利他思维违背人的本性，因为“人不为己，天诛地灭”！究竟应该“利己”还是“利他”？这些问题引起了同学们激烈的争论。
请你联系社会现实，写一篇发言稿，表达你对这个问题的认识和思考，并在班会上与同学们交流。
要求：自拟标题，自选角度，确定立意；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
【审题指导】原材料以老子名言引出“利他“精神，然后提及中国传统文化中古贤人“自利利他，胸怀天下”之境界，即，融利己于利他之中，完成自他二利。
最后是现代不少人的狭隘甚至错误观点，利他和利己是对立的，利他就是牺牲自己，利他思维违背人的本性，因为“人不为己，天诛地灭”！写作的关键就是要根据材料厘清“利他”与“利己”的关系，并分析出怎样才是获得最终幸福的根本途径。
其实，在这个人与人交流频繁、关系紧密的社会生活中，若心中只有自己而不顾及他人，最终也会使自己的利益受损；而积极关心他人，爱护他人，往往最终也会让自己得益。
所以，从长远的角度看，“利他”本质上就是“利己”。
因此，在这个互联互通的时代里，我们当有超越一己私利的大情怀，多一点担当意识，积极为人。
写作时，不论是事实论证还是道理论证，考生最好能够结合与自己生活相关的思想实际，论说“利他”也是“利己”的道理，从事实和理论等方面论证观点。
可以分析“利他”与“利己”的关系，也可以援引“利他”最终“利己”的例子，还可以从老子对“水善利万物而不争”的角度进行分析，只要能体现出自己的“感悟和思考”即可。
【主要问题】①对概念的理解不准确：基本能围绕“利已”与“利他”展开，但是相当多同学对概念的理解片面狭隘，简单地将“利他”等同于无私，将“利已”等同于自私自利。
利他利己主义作文
利他利己主义作文在这个纷繁复杂的世界里，我们总是在思考着自己的利益，追求着自己的幸福。
然而，有那么一种奇妙的观念，叫做利他利己主义，它告诉我们，在为他人付出的同时，往往也能给自己带来意想不到的收获。
就拿我之前的一段经历来说吧。
那时候，我住在一个老旧的小区里，小区的环境说不上好，设施也比较陈旧。
特别是那楼道，灯光昏暗，墙壁斑驳，还堆满了各种杂物。
每次上下楼，我都觉得心情压抑。
有一天，我下班回家，又走在那昏暗的楼道里。
突然，我被一个突出的杂物绊倒了，膝盖狠狠地磕在了地上，疼得我直咧嘴。
那一刻，我心里的怒火一下子就冒了出来：“这楼道怎么能乱成这样！”回到家，我坐在沙发上，一边揉着膝盖，一边生着闷气。
但气着气着，我心里突然冒出了一个想法：“既然这么看不惯，为什么我不自己动手把楼道收拾收拾呢？”这个想法一出现，连我自己都吓了一跳。
毕竟，这可不是一件轻松的活儿。
不过，说干就干。
第二天是周末，我早早地起了床，穿上了一身旧衣服，戴上了手套，准备大干一场。
我先从顶楼开始，把那些堆积如山的杂物一件一件地搬下楼。
这可真是个体力活，没一会儿我就累得气喘吁吁，汗流浃背。
但看着逐渐空旷起来的楼道，心里又有了动力。
搬完杂物，接下来就是打扫卫生了。
我拿着扫帚，从顶楼一层一层地往下扫，灰尘漫天飞舞，呛得我直咳嗽。
扫完地，又用拖把把每一层的地面都拖得干干净净。
这一整套下来，我的腰都快直不起来了。
弄完地面，我又把楼道里的灯泡都换了一遍。
之前那昏暗的灯光实在是让人难受，现在换上了新灯泡，楼道一下子亮堂了许多。
最后，我还自掏腰包买了几桶油漆，把那斑驳的墙壁重新粉刷了一遍。
这油漆的味道可真刺鼻，熏得我眼泪都快出来了。
经过整整两天的努力，楼道终于焕然一新。
原本昏暗、杂乱、破旧的楼道，变得整洁、明亮、温馨。
当我完成这一切的时候，我原本只是想着能让自己上下楼的时候心情好点。
可没想到，这事儿带来的好处远不止于此。
首先，邻居们看到楼道的变化，对我是赞不绝口。
利己主义与利他主义的对立与统一
利己主义与利他主义的对立与统一人类社会的发展离不开一种互惠关系，即个人的利益追求和社会的共同利益之间的平衡。
这种平衡既包含了利己主义，也包含了利他主义。
利己主义强调个人追求自身利益的原则，而利他主义强调为他人谋取福祉的原则。
然而，这两种原则并不是截然对立的，它们之间存在着相互依存与互相补充的关系。
在人际关系中，每个个体自然地希望在追求自身利益的同时，能够得到他人的支持与帮助。
这种互助互惠的相互关系体现了个人利己与社会利他的统一。
换句话说，只有当每个人都尊重他人的利益，并以积极的态度回报他人，社会才能保持稳定和谐的状态。
然而，在现实生活中，我们常常会遇到一些利己主义者，他们不顾他人的感受，只追求自己的私利，并将自己的利益置于他人之上。
这种自私自利的行为无疑会破坏社会秩序和人际关系，使社会变得冷漠和不公平。
然而，在这种情况下，利他主义者的出现就变得尤为重要了。
他们愿意付出自己的时间和精力，帮助那些需要帮助的人，关心他人的需求和利益。
这种利他主义者的出现为社会的和谐与发展提供了保障。
但是，我们也不能简单地将利己主义者与利他主义者划分为对立的两个阵营。
其实，每个人内心深处都包含了这两种原则，只是度的差异和表现形式不同。
在现代社会中，人们面临各种压力和竞争，追求自身利益是为了生活的需要。
同时，大部分人也有着对他人的关怀和帮助的冲动。
因此，利己主义与利他主义并非割裂的，而是相互交织、相互渗透的。
在企业管理领域中，利己主义和利他主义的统一也被广泛地探讨和应用。
企业追求利润最大化是利己主义的表现，但同时也需要关注员工的福祉和社会责任的履行，这体现了利他主义的一面。
企业通过提供良好的工作环境、福利待遇和培训机会，能够使员工感到被关心和尊重，从而激发员工的积极性和忠诚度。
而忠诚的员工会更加努力地为企业创造利润，这又回到了利己主义的原点。
利己主义和利他主义的统一还能在公共服务领域中找到共通之处。
政府和公共机构致力于提供公平、高效的服务，满足公众的需求和利益。
【高考作文模拟】关于“利已、利他”作文解析、导写、范文
高考作文模拟】关于“利已、利他”作文解析、导写、范文【原题呈现】23．阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
马云演讲时曾说：做任何生意，必须想到三个赢，第一个是客户赢，第二个是合作伙伴赢，第三才是你赢。
三个赢，少任何一个，生意都没法做下去。
这就是互联网时代最了不起的利他主义。
北京大学中文系教授钱理群曾说：我们的一些大学，包括北京大学，正在培养一些“精致的利己主义者” ，他们问题的要害在于没有信仰，没有超越一己私利的大关怀、大悲悯，没有责任感和承担意识，必然将个人私欲作为唯一追求。
中山大学天文与空间科学院院长李淼说：最善于利己的人，往往也最善于利他。
与之相反，理想色彩过重的人，在牺牲自己的时候，牺牲起别人也轻而易举。
读完上述材料，你有怎样的思考？写一篇不少于800 字的论述类文章。
【解析】本题中，考生可以用捕捉关键词的办法，展开快速有效的审题。
通读材料可以比较容易地提取出这几个关键词——利己、利他、时代、社会，于是我们的论题便可以确立为“当今时代利己与利他的选择” 。
综合比较，在立意上，可以有三个角度：1）摒弃“利己主义” ，积极为人。
（2）拒绝伪善，善于利己。
（3）化解“利己”与“利他”的冲突，大家好才是真的好。
比较上述三个立意，（2）（3）两个优于（1），而（3）句又在利己与利他的选择上做足了思辨功夫，更具内涵与逻辑张力，是写作中的优选项。
【多维立意解读】方向1：摒弃“利己主义” ，积极为人名师支招这里最大的问题就是要厘清概念。
“利己”是人的必然需求，“自己”本身是“人”的一员，让每一个个体都能获得良好的发展是社会发展的目标，因此“利己”无可厚非。
而“利己主义”则不然，它不是简单意义上的“利己” ，而是将“利己”发挥到极致，具有极强的排他性。
奉行“利己主义” 的人，以“利己”为最高追求和最终目的，将“利己”作为处事原则和宗旨，凡是有碍于自己发展的一律踢开，凡是能帮助自己获利的则全部拿来。
这样的人眼里只有自己，枉顾他人、秩序、道德，是和谐社会的不和谐音符，当摒弃之。
利己主义与利他主义的辩证互动
利己主义与利他主义的辩证互动人们在生活中常常面临着一个选择：是追求自己的利益还是关注他人的利益？这就是利己主义（egoism）与利他主义（altruism）之间的辩证关系。
虽然这两种价值观之间似乎存在一种对立，但实际上它们是相互影响、相互依存的。
从宏观层面来看，社会无法完全依靠利己主义的力量维持稳定与发展。
利己主义者往往追求个人利益最大化，无视他人的需要和权益。
这种自私的行为会导致社会贫富不均、人际关系紧张等问题的产生。
只有通过利他主义的力量，才能实现社会公平和和谐。
利他主义者关注他人的需要，愿意为他人付出，这种利他的行为构建了社会的凝聚力，促进了社会的进步。
然而，在个体层面上，利己主义也有其积极的一面。
个体的利己显现为追求个人成长和发展的欲望。
每个人都是独特的，每个人都有自己的梦想和目标。
为了实现自己的价值和理想，个人需要关注自己的利益，追求自己的个人发展。
只有在个体层面上追求个人利益的同时，才能更好地为社会做出贡献。
在现实生活中，利己主义与利他主义常常发生冲突与抵触。
例如，在商业行为中，一个人可能为了个人利益而不择手段追求财富与权力，而忽视了他人的权益。
这种利己行为可能导致道德与法律问题的产生，破坏社会的正常秩序。
然而，利己主义并非完全的自私行为，商业行为也有可能为社会带来创新和繁荣。
比如，某个企业家可能为了追求自己的利益而创立一家新公司，创造了就业机会和经济增长。
企业家的个人利己与社会利益也常常相互促进。
在心理学研究领域，学者们也对利己主义与利他主义进行了大量的探讨。
研究表明，人类天生具有合作和关心他人的本能，这可以追溯到人类社会的起源。
进化论认为，个体的利他行为能够增加自己和家族的生存几率，使得这种行为在基因层面被保留下来。
这也意味着利己主义和利他主义并不是相互对立的，而是相互依存的。
所以，利己主义与利他主义其实是一种复杂的辩证关系。
人类社会既需要个体的利己追求，也需要个体的利他贡献。
只有在个体和社会的利己与利他之间建立平衡，才能实现社会的可持续发展。
大学英语统考作文范文篇
大学英语B统考作文范文40篇（建议背诵）英语II(1)期末考试和大学英语A、B网考都有作文题，怎样写好英语作文是学员经常思考的问题。
下面提供英语作文范文40篇，建议大家认真阅读，反复揣摸，最好能背下来。
熟话说，“熟能生巧”。
一份耕耘必有一份收获。
英语作文范文1Cleaning Up Our Environment——清洁我们的环境提纲：1．随处可见的环境污染2．怎样才能使环境清洁3．你的看法Sample:The sky looks grey; the rivers become black; the grass is covered with plastic bags. You will easily get your hair and shoes dirty while walking along the streets, and the air smells terrible. That is our environment now. That is the world we live in. Wherever you are, whatever you do, you can hardly escape from pollution.But is there anything we common people can do about it Yes, there is much that we can do. We can throw rubbish not on the ground, but in garbage cans; we can help to publicize the importance of environment preservation; we can write letters to our friends on ordinary paper instead of sending cards, because 4,000 cards amount to one tree, and trees are important to better our environment. Moreover, we can encourage the government to punish the. act of pollution.When the sky is blue again, the rivers become clean, and the grass is always green, we will live a healthier and happier life.英语作文范文2Does the Internet Provide Too Much for People?——因特网可以给人们提供更多的东西吗提纲：1．人们对因特网作用的认识2．因特网的利与弊3．我们应如何利用网络信息Sample:With the development of computers, the Internet has become widely used. It is just like information net that has covered the world. When a great deal of information is exchanged on the Internet almost every second, some people are worried that it provides too much for people. To know it clearly, we should look at both sides of the Internet.On one hand, the Internet shows us a closer and wider world than ever before. When staying at home, we can get all kinds of useful information in any scientific research field whenever we need them. Through the Internet, more and more chances are provided to improve our work, enrich our knowledge and help our country to keep up with the others. But on the other hand, the Internet also brings us many troubles. Useless information and games are sent to us unavoidably. Therefore, we may say that those people's complaints are understandable.Generally speaking, the Internet has played an important role in modern life. Moreover, it is like atwo-edged sword. We should make the best use of one edge, and try not to be hurt by the other one.英语作文范文3Advertisements——广告提纲：1. 广告在生活中的作用2. 广告的负面影响3. 对待广告应采取什么态度Sample:Information is spreading rapidly in today’s society. Taking a look around, you'll find advertisements appearing everywhere. They give us the latest news of sales and much information about goods. For a company or a factory, advertising may be the most effective means to let their products known. Meanwhile, advertisements can guide the customers. They may help us a lot before we make a choice. But sometimes, you may be misled to an unwise decision by advertisements. They exaggerate advantages that the goods may not have at all. Some credulous customers will regret having bought something of no use or of poor quality, only due to the tempting pictures and words. It is a waste of money. As a result, more and more people begin to lose their trust. The original effect of advertisements dies away.As we know, everything has two sides. Advertisements have no exceptions. Actually advertisements help us a great deal. But at the same time, the wrong use of them brings us loss and trouble. So if all of us try our best to make good use of advertisements, we are sure that they will benefit us a lot and contribute much to the development of our society.英语作文范文4The World Is Becoming Smaller and Smaller——世界变得越来越小提纲：1．种种现象说明世界变得越来越小2．什么原因导致世界变得越来越小Sample:It’s said that our world is like a village. That is to say that nowadays one can easily get in touch with other people all around the world. By plane, you can appear in other hemispheres within hours; through television you can be informed vividly and timely about all events inside and outside your country. It's no longer a dream to see and talk to a person on the other side of the world. Therefore, the world seems to become smaller.What makes possible communications throughout the world First, the invention of modern means of transportation contributes a lot to human activities in the world. Secondly, the application of satellite technology, which is thought of as the most significant breakthrough in human history, helps to convey signals of television and radio from one place to another. Finally, the change is also partly due to modem civilization brought about by modern industry, which has produced televisions, computers and many other useful machines.英语作文范文5Television——电视提纲：1．电视在曰常生活中的重要地位2．电视的优点3．电视的弊端Sample:Obviously, the press is an important means of communication and is still a popular form of communicating news. People read newspapers everywhere, in the office, at home, on the train, even in the toilet and so on. Nevertheless, the coming of TV gives a shock to the world. Suddenly, it changes many things in people's daily life.Nowadays TV is so popular that nearly every family has got a TV set in cities. People can watch and hear TV programs at the same time. TV programs are full of variety and viewers can enjoy news reports, plays, films, musical performances, sports, and interviews with prominent people and many other items. So TV attracts many people from the cinema, the radio and newspapers.On the other hand, people can time and again hear criticism of TV programs. It has got too much violence and gunplay, which affects young people and even children. Watching too much TV will make people exhausted, lazy and stupid, and also waste a lot of valuable time.英语作文范文6Water Shortage——水资源短缺问题1. 水的重要性。
利他主义和利己主义
利他主义和利己主义利他主义和利己主义是我们在日常生活中常常会遇到的两种不同的价值观和行为模式。
利他主义强调个体应该关心和帮助他人，为他人的利益着想；而利己主义则更注重个体的自我利益和个人追求。
这两种主义在人类社会中广泛存在，并对我们的行为和价值观念产生深远影响。
本文将探讨利他主义与利己主义的本质、优劣以及在个人与社会层面的应用。
首先，利他主义和利己主义在一定程度上可以看作是人性的两面。
作为社会性的动物，人类具有关心他人和友善的本性。
利他主义强调了人们应该为他人着想，关心社会公益，通过自己的努力来改善他人的福祉。
而利己主义则突出了个体的自我利益追求，强调自我实现和满足个人需求的重要性。
这两种主义在一定程度上都有合理性，符合人的自身需要和社会的运作机制。
其次，利他主义和利己主义在实践中具有一些明显的优劣。
利他主义强调人们的互助和合作，通过帮助他人来建立人际关系，促进社会和谐与稳定。
它可以培养人们的同理心和善良品质，使人们在面对他人的需要时能够主动伸出援手。
然而，过分的利他主义也可能导致个人权益被剥夺或被滥用。
例如，当个体一味地为他人付出而忽略了自己的需求时，可能会导致自身精神和身体健康的下降。
与此相对应的是利己主义，它强调个体的自我利益和个人追求。
利己主义使个体在竞争激烈的社会环境中能够更好地适应和生存。
追求自身利益可以激发个体的积极性和创造性，推动社会的进步和发展。
但是，过分的利己主义可能会导致人陷入囚徒困境，让集体和共同利益受到损害。
如果每个人都只关心自己的利益而不顾及他人，最终会形成一种不信任和破坏的环境。
尽管利他主义和利己主义有各自的优劣，但它们不完全是对立的。
实际上，在实践中往往会出现两者的结合。
人们在关心他人的同时也会关心自己的利益，而在追求自身利益的同时也会与他人进行合作与互助。
这种双赢的关系可以在个人和社会层面上实现。
例如，一个企业可以通过互助合作实现共同发展，员工在追求个人利益的同时也为企业做出了贡献。
利他之水润己之心英语作文800字
利他之水润己之心英语作文800字Water of Altruism: A Quenching Draught for the Soul.In the arid landscapes of life, where the parched winds of adversity relentlessly buffet our spirits, the water of altruism emerges as a life-giving oasis. It is a liquidthat transcends the boundaries of self, flowingeffortlessly from the depths of the human heart to touch the lives of others. Like the gentle raindrops that nourish the earth, altruism replenishes the parched souls of those it encounters, igniting a flame of hope and renewal that flickers within the darkest recesses of their being.The essence of altruism lies not in grand gestures or heroic sacrifices, but in the myriad of small, unassuming acts of kindness that we extend to others. It is the smile that brightens a stranger's day, the helping hand thatlifts a fallen comrade, the compassionate ear that lends solace to a troubled mind. These acts, though seemingly insignificant, possess the power to transform lives. Theyare the threads that weave the tapestry of human connection, binding us together in a web of mutual support and understanding.The benefits of altruism are not confined to its recipients. Like a river that nourishes the lands it traverses, altruism enriches the lives of those whopractice it. Studies have shown that engaging in acts of kindness can lead to increased happiness, reduced stress, and improved physical and mental health. Altruism acts as a catalyst for personal growth, fostering empathy, compassion, and a sense of purpose that transcends the boundaries ofthe self.At the heart of altruism lies a profound understandingof our interconnectedness. We are all part of a vast human tapestry, and our actions have the capacity to influencethe lives of others in ways we may never fully comprehend. By extending a helping hand to those in need, we not only uplift them but also strengthen the fabric of our shared humanity. Altruism is a testament to the power of unity, reminding us that we are capable of achieving great thingswhen we work together for the common good.In an era marked by division and conflict, altruism serves as a beacon of hope. It is a reminder that despite our differences, we are all bound by a shared desire for compassion and connection. By embracing the water of altruism, we can quench the thirst of our own hearts while simultaneously nourishing the souls of others.The water of altruism is a precious resource that we must cherish and nurture. It is a gift that we can all give, regardless of our circumstances. Let us make a conscious effort to incorporate acts of kindness into our daily lives, no matter how small. By doing so, we not only make a difference in the world but also embark on a transformative journey of self-discovery and growth.In the words of the Dalai Lama, "The purpose of ourlives is to be happy. And the secret of happiness is compassion." May the water of altruism forever flow fromour hearts, quenching the thirst of a world yearning for connection, kindness, and love.。
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大学英语作文1500
字：利他主义和利己主义
altruism and egoism
提纲
1．利他主义是……
2．现在社会中有许多利他主义者和
利他主义的好人好事，但是我们身边还
存在许多利己主义者和损人利己的事。
3．我们相信社会中．利他主义的事
件会越来越多，而利己主义的事件越来
越少。
altruism means consideration of the
happiness and the good of others before
one＇s own; an altruist is a person who is
habitually good to others. the opposites of
altruism and altruists are egoism and
egoists.
to our delight, we have a good many
altruists in cur society and we see a good
many altruistic deeds every day. for
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instance, a stranger gets lost in an
unfamiliar place and a native lolls him the
way patiently or even leads the way.
nowadays, countless chinese people are
involved voluntarily in the hope prnject,
which is car ried ont throughout the nation
to help the drop-outs in poverty-stricken
areas to go hact to school.
to our regret, we still have same
egoists in our society and we still see
egoistic actions when we look around us.
while people are queuing for their tickets,
a man pushes into the queue ont of turn.
while a child is crying for help in a lake,
some passersby walk on indifferently.
while the government is calling far
honesty some offcials are still embezzling
public property or taking bribes.
phenomena of this kind are too numerous
to list.
what a pity that the world is full of
contradictions! there are altruism and
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altruists, but there are aisc egoism and
egoists. nevertheless, it is no use sighing.
now that society is developing and roan is
making progress, we have good reasons to
believe that there will be more and more
altruistic deeds, but fewer and fewer egois
ticactions.