现在分词、过去分词作定语、状语、宾补的区别
高中英语语法非谓语动词
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most famous sports in the world.
过去分词作状语一般表被动或完成 The pop singer, followed by two body guards, came to meet his fans.
3)在want, need, require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形 式表示被动的意思，必须物作主语。例如： My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)
3.不定式可作独立成分。 to tell the truth / to be honest / to be frank 4.动名词的复合结构 I don’t mind Tom’s/ Tom/his / him opening the window Tom’s /His coming late made his teacher angry.
(进行式) He intended to have told you that.
(完成式主动态) This work of art seemed to have been created long ago. (完成式的被动态) We’re happy to have been working with you.
非谓语动词的形式
动词不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
现在分词/动名词
主动态 to do to be doing to have done to have been doing 主动态 doing having done done
被动态 to be done to have been done 被动态 being done having been done
过去分词作定语和状语解析
8. ______ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding （福建2009） B. Reminded
C. To remind
deliver our letters unless we chained
our dog. A. Being bitten C. Having bitten （北京2009） B. Bitten D. To be bitten
4. Michael’s new house is like a huge
1. ______ from the top of the tower, the
south foot of the mountain is a sea of
trees. A. Seen C. Having seen （陕西2010） B. Seeing D. To see
2. The experiment shows that proper
A 2）Mr．Smith，____ of the ____ speech，
started to read a novel．（北京春'03） A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored C．tired；bored D． tiring；boring 点拨：be tired of的意思是“厌倦……”，过去 分词短语在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语是 句子的主语Mr．Smith；现在分词boring的 意思是“令人厌烦的”，修饰speech。
palace, ______ with his old one.
（重庆2009）
A. comparing
非谓语动词——分词
第十六讲：非谓语动词——分词教学重点：掌握分词这一语法知识。
了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势：分词的考点依次为作状语，作定语，做宾补及表语。
一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾：1.分词的基本概念：分词也是非谓语动词之一。
分词在形式上有两种形式：（1）现在分词，动词原形+ ing（同动名词形式）（2）过去分词，（规则动词）动词原形+ ed（不规则动词）构成没有什么规律4.分词的用法（1）分词做表语①跟在系动词之后分词做表语，一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面。
现在分词做表语：一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。
含有“令人….”的意思。
主语多数为物。
过去分词做表语：一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。
含有“感到….”的意思。
主语多数情况是人。
例如：The news sounds encouraging.His father seems pleased with his results.②做表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别被动语态表示主语受到的动作表示主语的动作，而作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态。
The blackboard was broken by LiMing.The blackboard is broken.③作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。
The situation in our country is encouraging.进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。
The situation in our country is encouraging the people.另外，在分词作表语的结构中，可以用其它系动词来代替be，但在进行结构中，则不可以。
因为进行时的句型必须是be + doing。
The news is surprising. = The news sounds surprising.④分词、动名词和不定式作表语的区别分词作表语：主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态主语和表语的位置不可以互换。
非谓语动词的用法大集合
非谓语动词的用法大集合非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)(3〕不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2〕如果主语是不定式〔表示条件〕，表语也是不定式〔表示结果〕。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
分词做定语、状语、宾补、表语
定语定语现在分词现在分词表主动表主动The charming lady happens to be Jion ’s sister (这位迷人的女子刚好是约翰的妹妹这位迷人的女子刚好是约翰的妹妹) )表进行表进行The retiring teacher walked into the classroom.(该即将退休的老师步入教室该即将退休的老师步入教室) )过去分词过去分词表被动表被动The wounded soldier was rushed to hospital.(受伤的士兵被急忙送到医院受伤的士兵被急忙送到医院) )表完成表完成The retired soldier died last month.(那位退役军人上个月去世了那位退役军人上个月去世了)) 状语状语时间时间现在分词现在分词表主动表主动Looking out of the window , I saw some students playing there.=When I looked out of the window, I saw some students playing there.过去分词过去分词表被动表被动Heated , water will turn into vapour.=When it is heated, water will turn into vapour.原因原因现在分词现在分词表主动表主动Not knowing his address , I can’t write to him.= Since I didn’t know his address, I can’t write to him.过去分词过去分词 表被动表被动Inspired by what he said , we are determined to study harder.= Since we are inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. 条件条件现在分词现在分词表主动表主动Working hard , you’ll surely succeed., you’ll surely succeed.= If you work hard , you’ll surely succeed.过去分词过去分词表被动表被动Given more time , we could have done it better.= If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.让步让步现在分词现在分词 表主动表主动Although living miles away , he attended the course.=Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.过去分词过去分词表被动表被动Defeated , he remained a popular boxer.=Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.伴随伴随现在分词现在分词表主动表主动He sat in the chair reading a newspaper . 过去分词过去分词表被动表被动He came in, followed by his wife .结果结果现在分词现在分词表主动表主动Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay .= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay.过去分词过去分词表被动 The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head .= The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, so he was wounded in the head.方式方式现在分词现在分词表主动表主动 The girl was shocked at the terrible scene, as if walking into a nightmare.=The girl was shocked at the terrible scene,as if she was walking into a nightma re.过去分词过去分词表被动表被动He began to cry as if bitten by a snake .=He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.宾补宾补形容词宾补形容词宾补现在分词现在分词 表主动表主动I think it interesting .(我认为它是有趣的我认为它是有趣的) )表进行表进行I found him trembling(我发现他正在发抖我发现他正在发抖) ) 过去分词过去分词表被动表被动i found the door closed(我发现门被关了我发现门被关了) )表完成表完成I found my pen lost.(我发现我的钢笔已经丢了我发现我的钢笔已经丢了) )非形容词宾补非形容词宾补现在分词现在分词表主动表主动When I open the door, I saw peter kissing mary. (当我打开门,我看到皮特正在亲吻马莉)表进行表进行When I open the door, I saw peter kissing mary.(当我打开门,我看到皮特正在亲吻马莉)过去分词过去分词表被动表被动I had my bike I had my bike repaired repaired .(我找人把车修理了)表完成表完成I had my bike I had my bike repaired repaired .(我找人把车修理了) 表语表语现在分词现在分词表主动表主动The competition is quite exciting.(这场比赛很刺激这场比赛很刺激) ) 表进行表进行I'm retiring after this tour.(这次旅行后我准备退休这次旅行后我准备退休) )过去分词过去分词表被动表被动He was i nterestedinterested in the question. (他对这问题感兴趣他对这问题感兴趣) )表完成表完成We are f inished finished with the work.(我们工作已做完了我们工作已做完了) )注意：作表语的分词均为形容词注意：作表语的分词均为形容词 可作形容词用的分词均可置于联系动词之后作表语可作形容词用的分词均可置于联系动词之后作表语。
分词ing型和ed型在英语中的用法及含义[整理版]
![分词ing型和ed型在英语中的用法及含义[整理版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fd59762d86c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f81a5.png)
分词ing型和ed型在英语中的用法及含义现在分词ing型具有动词的特征以及形容词或副词的功能，可以作表语、定语、状语或在复合结构中作宾补。
现在分词ing型具有主动意义。
而过去分词ed型说明主语情感心理上的感受，往往具有被动的意义。
1、现在分词ing型作表语：表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词具有主动意义，表示主语的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。
例如：a. The situation is encouraging. 形势很使人鼓舞。
She is greatly encouraged. 她深受鼓舞。
b. The food smells inviting. 这个才真诱人。
I don’t feel invited to enter such an ugly building. 我没有欲望进这么难看的建筑。
最常这样用的分词有：amazing / amazed，astonishing / astonished，surprising / surprised，encouraging / encouraged，confusing / confused，disappointing / disappointed，exc iting / excited，interesting / interested，puzzling / puzzled，shocking / shocked，worrying / worried，tiring / tired，satisfying / satisfied2、现在分词ing型作定语1）上述表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词可以作前置定语，仍然表示它所修饰的名词的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。
它们与对应的过去分词作定语的区别同上。
He told us the disappointing news. 他告诉我们那令人失望的消息。
The amusing story set the amused audience laughed all the time. 令人捧腹的故事令感到好笑的观众大笑不止。
现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法一、现在分词（一）现在分词的定义：现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，由动词原形+ing形式组成。
具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。
（二）现在分词的功能与用法：1. 作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。
一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is runningthe girl standing there → a girl who is standing there例如：The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications.A. requiringB. to be requiredC. being requiredD. to have required2. 作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补:1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen tolook at2）使役动词：have get catch leave set注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。
eg. I saw him singing now.Don’t have the students studying all day.注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
高考英语语法专题复习：非谓语动词讲义(不定式、动名词
高中英语语法专题复习03 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词）非谓语动词谓语动词在句子中有三种作用：1. 表示动作的时间，tense (时)2. 表示动作的状态，aspect (体)3. 表示动作的语气，mood (气)谓语动词的“时体气”，通过动词变位实现。
例如，The rabbit ate a carrot.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The rabbit has eaten a carrot.谓语动词在句子中受到主语的限制，随之出现了时态和人称的变化，成为一种被限定了的动词，所以也被称为限定性动词(finite verb)。
与之相对的，不受主语限制的动词，称为非限定性动词(non-finite verb)，也就是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词不具备表达时态和人称的作用。
例如，I like to eat carrot.I liked eating carrot.The rabbit likes minced carrot.非谓语动词有四种形式：1. 不定式 infinitive2. 动名词 gerund3. 现在分词 present participle4. 过去分词 past participle谓语动词是简单句的核心动词，非谓语动词只可能出现在其他的句子成分中。
1. 主语例：Swimming makes us hale and hearty.2. 宾语例：Janet suddenly stopped talking.3. 表语/主语补语例：Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.4. 宾语补语例：I invited him to come here.5. 定语例：Don't disturb the sleeping dog.6. 状语例：He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.不定式、动名词句子的核心动词只能由谓语动词充当，而非谓语动词可以充当句子的其他成分。
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现在分词、过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时的区别（一）现在分词\过去分词作定语的区别.The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me.=The mobile phone which is lying on the desk belongs to me.（the mobile phone 和lie为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词）The injured suffering from the shock in the traffic accident were lying in the hospital.=The injured who suffered from the shock in the traffic accident were lying the hospital。
（the injured 和suffer 为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词）The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon.=The house which was built 50 years ago will be pulled soon.（the house 和build为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词）The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me.=The mobile phone which is laid on the desk belongs to me.（the mobile phone 和lay 为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词）小试牛刀:1.The student ________________( speak) to the teacher now is our moniter.2.The problem _______________( discuss) yesterday is of great importance.3.The machine ________________( repair ) yesterday is broken again.4..The guests ________________(invite) to the meeting were all specialists.5.China is a country _______________(belong )to the 3rd world.6 .He lives in the house _______________( face ) the north.7.The temple ________________( stand ) on the top of the hill was built 500 years ago.8.The students ________________( want ) to join the club will gather at the gate.9.The car ____________________(make ) in Japan is of high quality.10.A checking delegation ( 代表团)______________( consist ) of 5 people are visiting our school.A checking delegation ( 代表团)_____________( make) up of 5 people are visiting our school.11. The student________________( focus )on his lesson is best in our class.The student _______________ ( lose )in his lesson is best in our class.12.Can you see the boy _________________ ( dress )in a red shirt?Can you see the boy __________________( wear ) a red shirt?13.The students ____________________( sit ) in Row I see the blackboard clearlyThe students __________________( seat ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly.14. The country _____________ ( lie ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.The country _____________(locate ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.( 辅助信息:Our school is located in the centre of the town)（二）现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别find ，make，feel，keep，leave，have ，see，observe，notice，watch，hear 。
但其中make，have ，see ，observe，notice，watch，hear后也可：V +O+do sth。
Can you hear somebody singing in the next room? （宾语somebody 和sing 为主谓关系，故用现在分词）I often hear this song sung in English. （宾语this song 和sing 为动宾关系，故用过去分词）He let out my secret. He made it known to all.（宾语it和know为动宾关系，故用过去分词）I have had my heart examined.（宾语my heart和examine为动宾关系，故用过去分词）When she saw his son sitting in the last row, she felt very disappointed. ( 宾语his son 和sit 为主谓关系，故用现在分词）When she saw her son seated in the last row, she felt very disappointed.（seat vt.使sb 坐下，her son 是seat逻辑宾语，即为动宾关系，故用过去分词。
辅助信息：Her son was seated in the row ）I found him focusing on his book, so I didn’t disturb him.（宾语him和focus为主谓关系，故用现在分词）I found him lost in his book, so I di dn’t disturb him.（辅助信息:He was lost in his book ,故用过去分词）试试看:1.Please speak loudly to make yourself ________________ ( hear)clearly.2.Don’t leave\have \keep him _______________ ( stand) in the rain.3.Finding his car _______________(run ) beyond the speed ,the policeman gave him a ticket.4.He always keeps his box _______________( lock)5.He is absent. He is having his house ________________( repair).6.I noticed all the eyes ______________( look) at the star when she appeared at the stage.7.I noticed all the eyes ______________( fix ) upon the star when she appeared at the stage.8.I feel my heart_________________( beat ) fast.9.When I found myself ________________ ( laugh )at ,I became angry.（三）现在分词、过去分词作状语的区别：在句首的分词相当于时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句；在句末的分词常作伴随状语、方式状语、结果状语、不能改成从句. 如：Seen from space, the earth looks blue.=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.Seeing the earth from space, we will find it blue.=When we see the earth from space, we’ll find...Devoting himself to education, he was given a medal.=As he devoted himself to education, he…Devoted to education, he was given a medal.=As he was devoted to education, he ……She sat at the desk, focusing on the lesson.She sat at the desk, lost in the lesson.试试看：1.__________________(give ) more time ,we can do the work better.2.__________________( give ) us more time, you can get a better result.3._________________( lose ) my key ,I couldn’t enter my room.4__________________________( not receive) his letter ,I decided to another .5.____________________(dress) in a red shirt ,he is easy to find from the crowd.6. ___________________( wear ) a red shirt ,he is easy to find from the crowd.7.__________________( concentrate) on his newspap er, he didn’t notice my arrival.8.__________________( absorb )in his newspaper, he didn’t notice my arrival.9.__________________( compare ) him with you, I think you lucky.10._________________ (compare) with him ,you are lucky.11.__________________( recognize) as a thief, he was caught alive.12.__________________( find ) the man stealing my wallet ,I called the police.13.Once ___________________(find ) smoking in the office, you will be fined.14.Though _________________( invite), I won’t attend his p arty.15.The old man never speaks Unless __________________ ( speak ) to.16. He was forced to leave his home,__________________(decide) never to return.17. He was forced to leave his home,_________________(determine) never to return.18.The professor came into the classroom, _______________(follow) his students.19. The professor came into the classroom, _______________(follow) by his students.20.A beggar died of cold, _________________( leave ) his body exposed.A beggar died of cold, _________________( dress ) in nothing.A beggar died of cold, _________________(wear ) nothing.A beggar died of cold,_________________( have ) nothing on.A beggar died of cold ,_________________( cover) with nothing.作定语的区别：key:1,speaking.2,discussed.3,repaired.4,invited.5,belonging.6,facing.7,standing.8,wanting.9,made.10,consisting; made.11,focusing;lost.12,dressed;wearing.13,sitting;seated.14,lying;locted.作宾补的区别key:1,heard.2,standing.3,running.4,locked.5,repaired.6,looking.7,fixed.8,beating.9,laughed.作状语的区别：key:1,Given.2,Giving.3,Having lost.4,Not having received. 5,Dressed. 6,Wearing. 7,Concentrating. 8,Absorbed. 9,Comparing.10,Compared.11,Recognized.12,Finding.13,found.14,invited.15,spoken.16,deciding.17,determined. 18,following.19,followed.20,leaving;dressed;wearing;having;covered。