大学英语语法(精选课件)
大学英语语法
动词的时态
动词的现在时
1. 一般现在时
（1) 一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态
一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与ｏften, ａlｗays, ｕｓｕａlｌy, sometimeｓ, evｅry day等时间状语连用.如:...文档交流仅供参考...
The shoｐoｐens at nine eｖery ｄaｙ．这家商店每天九点开门。It sｅldom snows herｅ. 这儿很少下雪。
(２）一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理
Liｇhｔｔｒavｅls ｆａstｅr thaｎ souｎd．光速比声速快。
Fｏod eａｓily ｇoes bａd in hot weａtheｒ。天气热时食物容易坏.
(3) 一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态
The ｐｉctｕrｅｌooｋs ｖery beaｕtiful．这幅画看起来很美。Ａir cｏntaiｎs oxygeｎａnd niｔroｇen。空气含有氧和氮。(4) 一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态
I’ｌl teｌｌｈｅｒａbｏuｔ it as ｓｏｏn ａs I ｓee ｈe ｒ。
Whｅn does ｔhe ｔrain arrive? 火车几点到？
（5）用于图片说明或剧本中的动作提示和背景说明
INSIDE THE ＳHEＬＴＥR: Stocｋton sｌoｗly ｔurｎs ｔo ｆａｃe hiｓ wife． The angry screamｉng cｒｉｅs ｏｆ the peoplｅ
ring in ｔhｅｉr ｅars ｅven aｓ they dｅpaｒt. ...文档交流仅供参考... 防空洞中:斯道克顿慢慢转过身，面对他的妻子。那群人正在离去,而他们愤怒的尖叫声却还回响在他们的耳边。
(6) 电视节目直播解说
It's Caｒter to sｅｒve- he nｅeｄs jｕｓt onｅ morｅ poin ｔ。Ｈe serveｓ. And Sｍｉtｈｍisseｓ。 What a gｒeａt serv ｅ!Sｏthｅ chamｐｉonshｉｐgｏｅs to 19-yeａr—old Harry Ｃａｒｔer. ...文档交流仅供参考...
该卡特发球了，他只需再得一分就赢了。他发球了，史密斯接球失误。多漂亮的发球！冠军属于了1９岁的哈利－卡特....文档交流仅供参考...
2。现在进行时
(1）现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作
表示现阶段正在进行的动作,通常有表示现阶段的时间状语,如：tｏｄay， this ｗｅek， thiｓmoｎtｈ，thｉs yｅar, this ｔｅｒｍ，now等.如: ...文档交流仅供参考...
He is writiｎg ａ noｖeｌ nｏw．他目前正在写一部小说。
（２）现在进行时表示经常性的动作
现在进行时在表示经常性、重复性或习惯性的动作时必须与onlｙ，mereｌｙ, ｓimpｌy, really，fast, rapiｄly， sｔｅadｉly， f ｏｒever， aｌl tｈｅ time, ａlways，ｃoｎｓtａntly，ｃontin ｕaｌly， rｅpｅateｄlｙ等频度副词连用。如: ...文档交流仅供参考...
Sｈe is alwayｓ compｌainiｎg. 她总是在抱怨。
(３）现在进行时表示按计划或已安排好要做的事
这一用法只适用于某些动词,如:gｏ， coｍｅ，lｅaｖｅ， stａrt，arriｖe，retｕrｎ， sｐend, ｓail, mｅet，ｆlｙ等。如: ...文档交流仅供参考...
The guest is leａｖing bｙ train ｔｏｎｉghｔ. 客人今晚坐火车走.
(4）补充说明
［1］在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字眼,但在译为英语时必须用进行时态。如: ...文档交流仅供参考...
It＇s rainｉng heavily。下大雨了.
Ｈow is everything gｏiｎg? 事情进展如何？
[２] 有些动词通常不能用进行时。不能用进行时的动词有：
表示感觉或感情的词，如：hear, see, ｓmell，tasｔe， feel, seem，ｎotiｃｅ， hatｅ, love， lｉｋｅ，wanｔ, wｉsh，ｒefusｅ，pｒｅfer， fｏｒgｉve等。...文档交流仅供参考...
表示存在或所属的词，如：ｅxisｔ, stay, remaｉn, oｂtaｉｎ，ｈavｅ， own，foｒm，ｃonｔain等。...文档交流仅供参考...
表示认识或理解的词，如:uｎdｅrsｔanｄ, ｋnow, remembeｒ， forg ｅt, believe, ｔhｉnk, doubｔ等....文档交流仅供参考...
3。现在完成时
（１) 现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态
现在完成时的这种用法通常与由ｓince或for引导的时间状语连用.如：Ｔhe old ｍan havｅ lived here ｆｏr ｍore thａｎ twｅnｔy years. ...文档交流仅供参考...
老人已在此住了２0多年了。
（2）现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作
[1] 现在完成时的这种用法有时不带时间状语,有时可以和ａlrｅaｄy, bｅfｏrｅ， evｅｒ，just, lately，nevｅr， oｎce，rｅｃentｌｙ, yet等一些所指时间不具体的时间状语连用.如：...文档交流仅供参考...
Ｈaｖe yoｕeｖer ｂeen to Ａuｓtralia？你去过澳大利亚吗?［2] 有时现在完成时和noｗ, today，ｔhis moｒnｉng， this ｗee ｋ, this ｙｅar等表示现在的时间状语连用。如:...文档交流仅供参考...
I haｖen＇ t ｓｅen hiｍ todaｙ．我今天没见过他.
I havｅｓeen hｉm oｎly oncｅｔhｉｓ year。我今年只见过他一次。
（3) 现在完成时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作
I＇ｌl ｇo tｏｔhe partｙａs soon ａｓ (or when) I have f ｉnished mｙ hｏmewｏrk。...文档交流仅供参考...
我完成作业后就去参加聚会。
（4）现在完成时和uｎtiｌｎow, so far, in tｈｅｐast few yea ｒｓ, up tｏ thｅ prｅsent等表示从某时到目前这段时间的状语连用I ｈave ｎｏｔ heａｒｄfrｏｍher sｏfar．到目前为止，我没有收到过她的信。...文档交流仅供参考...
We havｅ lｅarnｅd five huｎdreｄｗoｒds ｕp tｏ tｈe preｓｅnt。...文档交流仅供参考...
到目前为止,我们已学了五百个生词。
但要注意：当意义明确时,适用现在完成时的句子可以不用时间状语.如: He has done ａ lot ｏｆ woｒｋ．他干了许多工作。
Sｈe ｈas told ｍe aboｕt ｈｅr storｙ．她跟我讲过她的故事。4．现在完成进行时
(1）现在完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或刚刚结束的动作
I'vｅｂeeｎｗritｉng ｌｅttｅｒs aｌl tｈis ｍｏrninｇ.
我写了一上午信。（动作不再继续）
O’Neiｌｉs ill. Hｅ' s been lyiｎg iｎｔｈe bed fｏr ｔhr ｅe weeks。...文档交流仅供参考...
奥尼尔在病中，已卧床3个星期了。(动作会继续下去)
（2) 现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的重复性动作
现在完成进行时的这种用法所表示的并不是一直在进行的动作，而是断断续续地反复发生的动作。如:
Ｗhat hａve yｏu been ｄoiｎg ａｌl thｉs timｅ?
你一直都在干什么来着？(动作可能继续下去）
That reｐortｅr hａｓbｅen cｏntｒiｂutiｎg aｒticｌｅs to this maｇａzine all tｈesｅ years....文档交流仅供参考...
这些年那个记者一直为这家杂志撰稿。（断断续续地反复发生的动作）动词的过去时
1。一般过去时
（1）一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态
［1］一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：ｙｅsｔerday, laｓt ｎiｇht(week， yeａr，ｍonth， Sunday),then，at tｈat tｉme, ａt
thａｔ moｍent， jｕｓt ｎｏw, a few dａｙs（weｅｋｓ， mｏnth ｓ, yeaｒs) ａgｏ等。例句:...文档交流仅供参考...
Ｌucy tuｒｎed off all tｈe ｌｉｇhｔs ｂefore she weｎt oｕt。...文档交流仅供参考...
出门前露茜关了所有的灯.
［2] 一般过去时也可以与today, this week(month, yeaｒ)等时间状语连用,但这些时间状语应指过去。如:...文档交流仅供参考...
Did you sｅe him today？你今天见他了吗？（todaｙ指今天已过去的某一时刻）
[3］一般过去时还可以和ｆor或siｎce引导的时间状语连用。如：I ｓtａｙｅd ｔｈere for ｔｗo ｍoｎths. 我在那里呆了两个月. Notｈｉng hａppened since ｔｈｅn．打那以后什么事都没有发生。（2）有时一般过去时的时间状语或是在上下文、或是暗含于句中
Whｏwaｓｔhａｔ? 那人是谁?
I saw Ker ｉn tｏwｎ。我在城里看见了克尔。
（３) 一般过去时在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去将来的动作或状态。
Hａnｓ said he wouｌd lｅt us knｏw if ｈe got aｎｙｎewｓ。汉斯说要是得到消息就告诉我们。
2。过去进行时
（1) 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作
[1］过去进行时通常和时间状语连用。如：
We were hａｖｉnｇｄinnｅr wｈen they ｃaｍe．
他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。
［２］过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续的动作。如：
Cａrlos waｓ stａying at ｈome aｌl laｓｔweek。
上周整整一周卡洛斯都在家呆着。
Tｈey weｒｅ bｕiｌｄiｎg ａｄaｍ last sprｉng．去年春天他们一直在修一个水坝。...文档交流仅供参考...
［3] 过去进行时表示与过去某个动作同时发生的动作。如：
I wａｓ reading whｉlｅｓｈｅｗas writing. 我在读书，她在写字。
[4] 有时过去进行时用于主句，位于其后的wheｎ引导的从句表示意外发生的情况:
I was waｌkｉｎg ｉn ｔhe ｓtreet wｈeｎiｔ began to rａi ｎ。
我正在街上走着，突然下起了雨.
(2）过去进行时表示过去将来的动作
过去进行时的这种用法多表示过去的打算，通常仅限于ｃｏmｅ， go，leave, depａrt, staｒt等一些表示移动的动词.如:...文档交流仅供参考... He dｉdｎ't knｏw ｗhether ｓhｅwａs coｍinｇ。他不知道她是否会来.
Ｔhe dｅlegatｉon was ｄｅpaｒtｉnｇ three days lａtｅr。代表团打算三天后动身。...文档交流仅供参考...
３．过去完成时
（１) 过去完成时表示过去某时之前结束的动作或状态
大学英语语法大全_太经典了
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装
14. 倒装 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装
大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装资料讲解
大学英语语法与练习——u n i t14倒装
14. 倒装 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went. 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 14.2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, n ot until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题
大学英语语法大全
大学英语语法 (CET--4) 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
(完整版)全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程第二册全部课后练习答案
Unit1 Ways of Learning Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1.They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing. 2.Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel. 3.They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly. 4.Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. 5.Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. 6.He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself. 7.He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA. 8.The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided. 9.One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day. 10.Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity. 11.This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking. 12.The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1.
大学英语语法学习
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观点偏颇，认为英语教学可以摈弃语法，造成学生也不重视语法知识的严重影响。面对上列语法教学的层层障碍，我们该如何解决问题，重申语法的重要性呢？笔者将在下面对英语语法教学法一一做出分析。 一直以来，英语语法课程被多数大学生认为是最乏味、最单调的课程，由此出现语法课上学生不听讲，甚至逃课的情况，使得老师的语法教学质量不理想。教师备课时往往只把重点放在相关的语法规则上，没有考虑到材料的知识性、趣味性。因此，英语语法陷入了“冷门”. 钟启泉（2006）指出：“作为教学之用的主要教材”转型为“作为学习之用的主要教材”.换言之，作为学材的教科书应发挥以下功能：激发学习兴趣，提示学习课题的功能，租金学习个别化与个性化，以及巩固学习成果等功能。 大学英语的语法教学不是纯粹的语法规则教学，语法教学目的是要让大学生通过对英语语法的学习，掌握必要的语法知识，系统地由单词，到句子乃至到语篇，系统地认识英语，提高使用英语的规范性，学会在听、说、读、写等能力的拓展中准确运用语法知识。大学英语语法教学应该保持教学材料与教学方式的多样化并且应该进行有效地教学成果 评价。 语法教学是英语教学的重要环节。随着社会科技人文的进步，语法教学发展到一个新台阶，教师应该以各种方式，
新编英语语法教程第六版课后答案全
1A 1B 2A Within the stricken area,not a single soul remained alive,and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by a monster steam-roller.
The bomb exploded 1,000 the ground. On August 6,1945,an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima. Three days later,yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow. The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expanse of reddish rub- ble. Within the fraction of a second,the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an im-mense mass of expanding gas,millions of degrees hot. A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone,concrete,metal,and woodover the ground. 2B Pond,once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of manytourist stands. 2. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast w ind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome./ Sweep-ing through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the cooling northeast wind made... 3. The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plungingdown to join in the valley below. the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this is a good spot for a pic-nic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll. for breath after running up the stairs,Mr Wood stood at his neighbour's door and knocked again and again till someone opened it. town folk envied Horace, who had come into a small fortune with which hebought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town. in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the big changethat had come over him in recent years. idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive himalmost drove him mad. 9. The story, written in plain language, consists of three parts with an interesting plot cen- tering round an aristocratic family living in 17th-century France. and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth prepared by hisfather to drive off the chill. above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pine trees
最新英语自考本科-英语语法-名词解释
1．Predicative modal auxility The Predicative modal auxility is a category of modal auxiliary. The predictive meaning, rather homogeneous in nature, is concerned with the speaker’s assuption or assessment o f probability and, in most cases, indicates the speaker’s confidence in the truth of his statement. For example, might, may, could,can. 2.Anaphoric refernce Anaphoric refernce: refernce backwards in the text. A personal pronoun, for example, often has anaphoric reference, i.e. you have to look at the preceding context to see what it refers to. For example, ann was studying for her exams. She found it difficult to concentrate. In this example, she has anaphoric reference. 3. Non-finite verbs: The non-finite verbs are so called because they are not marked for ttense of for subject-verb concord. We recognite three types of non-finite verbs: infinitive, -ing participle and –ed participle. 4. Extraposition The extraposition is defined as the replacement of the postponed item by a substitute form. 5. Text The term text refers to a unified passage. A text may be spoken or written, prose or verse, dialogue or monologue. It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a momentary cry for help to all-day discussion on a committee. 6. participles Participles belong to non-finite verb type. There are two kinds of participles: -ing participle and –ed participle. 7. What is dangling participle? When the subject of a participle is not expressed, it is normally understood to be the subject of the main clause. We call this kind of participle dangling participle. 8. What is “fronting”? “fronting”is a term which refers to the removal of an item from its unmarked post-subject position to the marked pre-subject position. As fronting moves into the initial position an item which does not usually belong there, such a grammatical device disturbs the expected route of information flow and inevitable brings about unusualness, i.e. “this man over there people in the vicinity have a very low opinion of.” 9. Define “ellipsis” The basic principle of ellipsis is leaving out something understood and hence produces imcomplete sentences with such a structure as to presuppose a preceding item. Ellipsis, somehow like substitutions, sets up cohesion on the basis of structural recoverability with reference to the linguistic context. Here are three types of ellipsis: nominal: why give me two cups of coffee? I only asked for one. a.Verbal:A: have you seen him before? B: yes, I have. b.clausal: A: will it rain tomorrow? B: perhaps. 10. Determiners Determiners refer to words which are used in the premodification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that premodify the head word.
大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装
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小学到大学英语语法大全
小学到大学英语级语法大全 小学英语语法大全 (2) 初中英语语法大全 (19) 高中英语语法大全 (29) 大学英语语法大全 (44)
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新编英语语法教程 第22讲 练习参考答案
新编英语语法教程第22讲练习参考答案 Ex. 22A 1. sunken 2. molten 3. lighted or burning 4. rotten 5. shrunk 6. bounden 7. blessed 8. Drunken 9. shaved, well-shaven, shaving 10. bent 11. blessed 12. binding 13. bound 14. drunk 15. lighted 16. molten 17. melted 18. rotting, rotted 19. rotten 20. sunken, sunk Ex. 22B 1. charming 2. troubling 3. increased 4. suggested 5. encouraging 6. attempted 7. fallen 8. widened 9. burned / burnt 10. loaded 11. raging 12. approaching 13. signed 14. returned 15. refreshing 16. navigating 17. shackled 18. paid, specified 19. furnished 20. terrifying 21. adopted 22. standing 23. crowded 24. surprising 25. perfumed Ex. 22C 1. (to be) brought 2. said 3. to keep 4. to do 5. mixed up 6. laughing 7. come 8. stealing 9. visaed 10. to finish up 11. going 12. thinking 13. sent 14. drink 15. known 16. to settle 17. sitting 18. left standing 19. unsaid 20. to be desired 21. doubting 22. to be 23. working 24. informed 25. gone 26. weighing 27. taken off 28. grow 29. criticized 30. talking / talk 31. spring up 32. lying 33. knocked down, driving 34. doing 35. crossed out 36. paid 37. said 38. shouting 39. understand 40. said Ex. 22D 1. … Eurydice was bitten in the heel by a snake. 2. … her foot was caught by a rug and she fell. 3. … a notice pinned to the door by a knife. 4. …‘Beware’written in large letters. 5. … you shou ld never point it at anyone. 6. … you must take care not to damage the roots. 7. … the dog was led out of the room.
大学英语语法名词总结grammar terms
Grammar terms 1.Inflectional Affix 屈折词缀example:-es,-s,-ed,-d,-er,-est 2.Derivational Affix派生词缀example:prefix:anti-,co-,un-;suffix:-ion,-ness 3.Derivative派生词example:unfair,nonsmoker https://www.360docs.net/doc/a96098310.html,pound word复合词 n. + n. workshop, bookshelf, lifesaver, color-film pron. + n. she-wolf, he-bear, he-man n. + v. sunrise, sunset, shoplift, power-cut v. + n. scarecrow, telltale, breakfast, turncoat a. + n. greenhouse, red-tape, bluebook a. +n. + ed. smooth-tongued, cold-blooded, narrow-minded, high-nosed n. + v. + ed. heart-broken, weather-beaten, home-made, heartfelt n. + v. + ing. peace-keeping, law-abiding, time-saving, truth-telling, fact-finding n. + a. blood-thirsty, ice-free, snow-white, homesick a. + n. high-grade, first-class, long-range, new-type, second-hand a. + a. bloody-red, bittersweet, dead-alive, white-hot v. + a. test-wise, failsafe, diehard, talk-big prep. + n. indoor, overhead, aboveboard, online hyphen conj. out-of-door, life-and-death, wait-and-see adv. + v. to overtake, to uplift, to uproot, to underline, to downplay, to upload n. + n. to brainstorm, to streamline, to dog-ear, to windsurf, to showcase n. + v. to air-drop, to eavesdrop, to breastfeed, to nose-dive, to mastermind a. + v. to safeguard, to whitewash, to blindfold 5.Closed class封闭词类介词preposition in,of,on,without 代词pronoun you,he,one,which 限定词Determiner a,the,this,some 连词conjunction and,or,but,because 助动词Auxiliary do,can,may,must,will Determiner限定词definite article，indefinite article,zero article, a,the,/ possessive determiner物主限定词my,your,his genitive noun名词属格John’s,Bob’s demonstrative determiner 指示限定词this,that Relative determiner 关系限定词whose,which Interrogative determiner 疑问限定词what,whose,which Indefinite determiner不定限定词no,some,any,every Cardinal numeral基数词&ordinal numeral序数词 Multiplicative numeral倍数词& fractional分数词 Quantifier量词 a lot of,a great number of 6.Open class 开放词类noun,adjective,adverb,main verb 7.介于封闭与开放cardinal numbers基数词，ordinal numeral序数词；interjection 感叹词
大学英语语法(精选课件)
大学英语语法 动词的时态 动词的现在时 1. 一般现在时 （1) 一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态 一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与ｏften, ａlｗays, ｕｓｕａlｌy, sometimeｓ, evｅry day等时间状语连用.如:...文档交流仅供参考... The shoｐoｐens at nine eｖery ｄaｙ．这家商店每天九点开门。It sｅldom snows herｅ. 这儿很少下雪。 (２）一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理 Liｇhｔｔｒavｅls ｆａstｅr thaｎ souｎd．光速比声速快。 Fｏod eａｓily ｇoes bａd in hot weａtheｒ。天气热时食物容易坏. (3) 一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态 The ｐｉctｕrｅｌooｋs ｖery beaｕtiful．这幅画看起来很美。Ａir cｏntaiｎs oxygeｎａnd niｔroｇen。空气含有氧和氮。(4) 一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态 I’ｌl teｌｌｈｅｒａbｏuｔ it as ｓｏｏn ａs I ｓee ｈe ｒ。 Whｅn does ｔhe ｔrain arrive? 火车几点到？ （5）用于图片说明或剧本中的动作提示和背景说明 INSIDE THE ＳHEＬＴＥR: Stocｋton sｌoｗly ｔurｎs ｔo ｆａｃe hiｓ wife． The angry screamｉng cｒｉｅs ｏｆ the peoplｅ
ring in ｔhｅｉr ｅars ｅven aｓ they dｅpaｒt. ...文档交流仅供参考... 防空洞中:斯道克顿慢慢转过身，面对他的妻子。那群人正在离去,而他们愤怒的尖叫声却还回响在他们的耳边。 (6) 电视节目直播解说 It's Caｒter to sｅｒve- he nｅeｄs jｕｓt onｅ morｅ poin ｔ。Ｈe serveｓ. And Sｍｉtｈｍisseｓ。 What a gｒeａt serv ｅ!Sｏthｅ chamｐｉonshｉｐgｏｅs to 19-yeａr—old Harry Ｃａｒｔer. ...文档交流仅供参考... 该卡特发球了，他只需再得一分就赢了。他发球了，史密斯接球失误。多漂亮的发球！冠军属于了1９岁的哈利－卡特....文档交流仅供参考... 2。现在进行时 (1）现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,通常有表示现阶段的时间状语,如：tｏｄay， this ｗｅek， thiｓmoｎtｈ，thｉs yｅar, this ｔｅｒｍ，now等.如: ...文档交流仅供参考... He is writiｎg ａ noｖeｌ nｏw．他目前正在写一部小说。 （２）现在进行时表示经常性的动作 现在进行时在表示经常性、重复性或习惯性的动作时必须与onlｙ，mereｌｙ, ｓimpｌy, really，fast, rapiｄly， sｔｅadｉly， f ｏｒever， aｌl tｈｅ time, ａlways，ｃoｎｓtａntly，ｃontin ｕaｌly， rｅpｅateｄlｙ等频度副词连用。如: ...文档交流仅供参考... Sｈe is alwayｓ compｌainiｎg. 她总是在抱怨。 (３）现在进行时表示按计划或已安排好要做的事