最新人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点

人教版英语八年级下Unit 1 What’s the matter

一、重点单词及用法

1.foot-feet 单复数的考察常用复数同：tooth-teeth

eg：Look,my f_____ are very big,but the new shoes are so small.

2.stomach 变复数词尾直接+s stomachs

eg：The children can’t eat too much ice-cream because it’s bad for their s_______.

3.X-ray 冠词考察无特指情况下用an X-ray

4.lie躺-lay（过去式）-lying（现在分词）躺lie down 躺下

eg：They are _______（lie）on the beach and having a good time

5.passenger 乘客复数passengers

eg：There were ten __________ on the bus at that time.

6.bandage n.绷带v.用绷带包扎

eg：Can you put the bandage on the cut（改为同义句）

Can you _________ yourself

7.Kilo 复数kilos

eg：How many ______ of tomatoes do you want

8.knife 复数knives

eg：Don’t play with may cut your fingers.

9.death n.死亡die v.死亡-died（过去式）-dying（现在分词）dead （形容词死亡的）

eg：The dog’s ______ made him very sad.

10.—

11.sick 生病的既可以作表语又可以做定语be sick =be ill

eg：We are going to visit _______ children in hospital.

二、重点短语

have a cold =catch a cold =have the flu 感冒cough 咳嗽lie down 躺下

take one’s temperature 量体温have a fever 发烧

take/have breaks/a break 休息=take/have a rest get off 下车-get on上车

to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是right away 立刻马上=right now get into （trouble）陷入（麻烦）get sunburned 被晒伤

be used to （doing）习惯于适应于...... take risks/a risk 去冒险

run out （of）用完用尽cut off 切除

(

get out of 离开从......出来be in control of 掌管管理

give up （doing）放弃（做）某事have a stomachache 胃痛

get an X-ray 做一个X射线检查thanks to......由于多亏

in time 及时on time 准时think about 考虑think of认为

fall down 摔倒make a decision 作决定put......on......把....放在...上be interested in 对...感兴趣

三、用法总结

1.need to do sth需要做某事

eg: The teacher needs_____(rest) for a few minutes.

like 意为“听起来像”后接n./adj./句子

eg: It sounds like a good idea.

类似的感官动词+like：feel like/smell like/ look like/taste like/seem like

sound+adj. 结构中，sound 是系动词意为“听起来是”后接形容词eg：That sounds great.

+n./doing（v.现在分词）He went to school without having breakfast. eg：He left the classroom without ________ anything

v.同意，赞成

agree with sb/某人的意见看法Does she agree with us

agree to do sth 同意做某事They agreed to solve the problem. problems (in) doing sth做某事有困难=have trouble/difficulty (in) doing

have problems with sth =have trouble/difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难eg：One of my good friends said he had problems__________(learn) English.

￥

get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

eg：He used to get up late,but now he is used to getting up early.

used to do sth 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）

eg：He used to read English in the evening.

use sth to do sth 使用用某物做某事

eg：So he used knife to cut off his arm.

be used to do sth 被动被用于做某事

eg：These new pens are used to paint the wall.

one’s life 丧失生命save one’s life 挽救某人的生命

eg：He lost his life in the car accident.

；

adj.足够的充足的后接名词n. enough money

adv.足够地修饰形容词/副词enough要后置eg：The book is_______,but I don’t have enough money ______it. interesting; to buy enough; to buy

enough; buying interesting; buying

9. the importance of (doing)sth （做）某事的重要性important adj.重要的unimportant adj.不重要的importance n.重要性eg：We students should know the importance of (learning)English.

n.决定make a decision (to do sth)

decide to do sth 决定做某事decide not to do sth 决定不做某事

—

eg：Tom made a decision to study English well.

up 放弃

give up 是动词+副词结构接代词作宾语时代词放中间

eg：The problem is so difficult for you,but don’t _______

A.give it up it out up it out it

give up doing sth 放弃做某事

eg：You will be very sad if you give up______(sing).

用法

keep on doing sth 继续做某事（中间有间隔强调重复性）eg：He kept on studying though he was very tired.

；

keep doing sth 继续不停地做某事（不间断连续性）

eg：Keep walking until you reach the end of the road.

keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事

eg：Don’t keep the other students waiting.

keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

eg：We should keep the little boy from stepping on the grass.

用法

find找到，强调寻找的结果look for强调寻找过程find out找出查明eg：I was looking for my watch，but I didn’t find it.

find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事

(

eg：When I walked along the road,I found an old man shouting for help.

find it +adj形容词+to do sth 发现做某事是...的

eg：She found it hard to finish the work by herself.

risks=take a risk 冒险He likes taking risks.

risk one’s life to do 冒着生命危险去做某事

eg：He risked his life to save the child.

risk doing sth

eg: The man called Tom often risks flying over the sea.

四、短语辨析

1.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（动作正在发生）

see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（看到动作全过程或者经常看到动作发生）eg：I saw the boy crying when I passed by（路过）.

类似的hear/watch/notice/find+sb do/doing sth

thanks to 多亏... 由于....=with the help of/with one’s

help=because of

thanks for 因.......而感谢强调感谢的原因

eg：Thanks to my teacher ,I passed the exam.

Thanks for your help .Thanks for inviting me.

2.in time 及时表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生

on time 准时按时指正好在规定时间内

eg：Thanks for coming here to help me in time.

The train arrived into the station on time.火车准时进站了。

3.think about 考虑think of 认为；想起

eg：I only thought about saving the boy without thinking about anything.

The picture makes me think of my grandfather.

What do you think of your English teacher=How do you like your teacher

4.too many ; too much; much too;

too many ;too much 修饰名词too many+可数名词;too much+不可数名词eg：too many people too much water/homework

much too 修饰adj.形容词

eg：Don’t eat _____junk food,or you will be ____fat.

A./

B.much too;too much many;too many much;much too much;too many

5.interesting 有趣的一般修饰物interested 感兴趣的一般修饰人

习惯用法：get/become/be interested in sth/doing sth 对......感兴趣

eg：She became interested in singing songs.

The story is interesting and all of us are interested in it.

6.because 连词后接句子

because of 介词短语后接名词/动名词/代词

eg：I didn’t go out last night because of the heavy rain.

=I didn’t go out last night because it rained heavily.

7.so...that... 如此......以至于...... 引导结果状语从句

、

so that 以便，为了引导目的状语从句

eg：She is so young that she can’t dress herself.（结果）

The teacher spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.（目的）

so +adj/adv +that 从句= too+adj/adv+to do sth （太...而不能......）

She is too young to dress herself.

8.be in control of控制管理主动；反义词组-be out of control 无法管理

be in the control of 被控制管理在...的控制之下被动.

eg：A teacher must be in control of his class.

9.run out of 用完，用尽人作主语We have run out of our money.

run out用完，用尽物作主语主语一般为时间金钱Our time is running out.

10.—

11.sick 生病的，有病的可以作表语也可以做定语

ill 生病的，有病的只可以作表语比较级为worse 最高级为worst illness 名词生病

eg：She can’t go to school because she is ill/because of her illness.

Please take good care of the sick boy.

12.expect/wish/hope

expect 预计；期望，希望expect to do/expect sb to do sth/expect+that 从句eg：He expects to win the prize.

wish 希望；祝愿可能性较小wish to do sth/wish sb to do sth/

eg：I wish to fly in the sky.

、

hope 可能性较大希望hope to do sth /hope +that 从句

（没有hope sb to do sth）

eg：I hope to see you soon.

13.g et off 下车get on 上车多指从公交车火车飞机下来空间大的交通工具

get out of 从...出来get in上去指上下小型交通工具汽车出租车

eg：Lucy is getting on the bus while I am getting off.

14.fall(fell) down 与fall off

fall down 意为“倒下”，在平面摔倒；fall off 意为“跌落”强调从某处掉了下来

联系fall down from（从......摔下）=fall off

eg：When the little girl ran across the street,she fell down

：

He fell off the bike and broke his legs.

四、语法大点

1.询问对方哪里不舒服，或者遇到什么麻烦以及回答

问：What’s the matter（with you ）=What’s the troubl（with you）=

What’s wrong（with you）=What happened（to you）

=What’s up （with you）

答：I have a cold （感冒）=I get a cold =I catch a cold= I have the flu.

have a bad/terrible/heavy cold（重感冒）have a little cold（轻感冒）

I have a fever （发烧）I have a cough（咳嗽）

I have a stomachache/headache/toothache/backache（胃痛/头疼/牙疼/后背疼）

I have a sore throat/sore knee/sore feet （嗓子疼/膝盖疼/脚疼）

2.情态动词should 意为“应该”

课本原句：You shouldn’t eat so much next time.

He should lie down and rest.

He should a dentist and get an X-ray.

Should I put some medicine on it

注意：should 没有人称和数的变化

它和其后的动词原形一起做谓语

句式变化：

肯定句：主语+should+动词原形+其他

eg：You should read his new book.

否定句：主语+should+not+动词原形+其他

eg：You shouldn’t eat anything.

一般疑问句式：Should+主语+动词原形+其他

eg：Should I trust him

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他

eg：When should we go

具体用法：

表示委婉地提出建议与意见

eg：You should take some medicine.

—

表示职责与义务

eg：As a student,you should work hard.

表示推测意为“应该可能”对现在或者未来的推测

eg：My brother should get there left home at 7:00.

3.反身代词

课本原文：But the driver didn’t think about himself

He hurt himself in April 26,2003,he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.

含义：表示反射或者强调自己的代词叫反身代词，意为“自己，亲自”具体构成：

常见搭配：

enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time

teach oneself=learn...by oneself

by oneself=alone 独自

help oneself to sth 请随便吃...

introduce oneself to 向...自我介绍

dress oneself 自己穿衣服

leave sb,by oneself 把某人单独留下

speak to oneself 自言自语

lose oneself 迷失

注：反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致

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2b 他失去了手臂但还在爬山阿伦?罗尔斯顿是一个对爬山感兴趣的美国人。作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。这是关于做危险运动的令人兴奋的事情之一。有许多次，阿伦因为(意外)事故几乎失去生命。在2003年4月26日，在犹他州登山时他发现自己在非常危险的处境。在那天，当阿伦独自登山时，他的手臂被压在落在他身上的一块2000千克的岩石下。因为他的手臂不能自由活动，他在那儿待了五天，希望有人会发现他。但当时他的水喝完了，他知道他将不得不采取措施来挽救自己的生命了。他不愿那天就死去。因此他用刀子切除了他的一半右臂。然后，他用左臂给自己打上绷带以至于他不会失去太多的血。这之后，他爬下山寻求帮助。在他失去手臂之后，他写了一本名为《生死抉择》(又译作《生死两难》)的书。他的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中。”在这本书中，阿伦讲述了关于做出明智抉择和掌握自己生命的重要性。他对登山如此酷爱以至于即使这次经历之后他还继续爬山。我们有和阿伦一样的勇气吗?在我们发现自己处于进退两难的处境之前以及在我们不得不做出生死抉择之前，让我们来想想它。

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