【英语专项训练】：新目标人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总
专项训练年度：
新目标人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京
2) 情态
动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用”的意思
How should I know? 我怎么知道
Why should you be so late today?
你今天为什么来得这么晚
should有时表示应当做或发生的事
We should help each other.
我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与Which...?
1. what 与which 都是疑问代词what仅用来询问职业。
如What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的
该句相当于What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指Which...?是特指
What color do you like best?
你最喜爱什么颜色
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 范围
你最喜爱哪一种颜色
3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如
Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些
always
usually
often
sometimes
never
2.频度副词的位置
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如
David is often arrives late for school.
大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在710去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有时我步行回家
3.never放在句首时
Never have I been there.
5) every day 与everyday
1. every day 作状语
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天710去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活动是什么
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
助动词自身没有词义
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
doesn't是助动词like是主要动词
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用
a. 表示时态
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗
d. 与否定副词not合用
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。
(to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh I forgot___.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off 答案C。
由the light is still on 可知灯亮着forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了
2.remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点easy, hard, difficult,
interesting, impossible等
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格good,
kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我
3.for 与of 的辨别方法
用介词后面的代词作主语
of for。如
You are nice. (通顺of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如
句子The boy in blue has three pens.
提问 1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然角度
句子He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问 1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on
Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式he, she, it”代替的。如
he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如
man---men复数
banana---bananas
3.动词有原形-ing分词
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I 名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees 2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词-es。如
class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词-es。如
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词-y变为-i,再加-es。如
family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词-f或-fe变为-v-es。如
half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves
wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs proof---proofs belief---beliefs
II 名词复数的不规则变化
1.将-oo改为--ee。如foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.将-man改为-men。如man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加词尾。如child---children
4.单复数同形。如sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish
people---people
5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变-s加后面”。如
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如
mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers
14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词
初中阶段常见的有以下这些
1.let→letting 让
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘记
put→putting 放
set→setting 设置
babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿
2.shop→shopping 购物
trip→tripping 绊
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放弃
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 开始
prefer→preferring 宁愿
plan→planning 计划
15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词
1.some变为any。如
There are some birds in the tree. →There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是some可以不变。如
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or。如
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如
They have a lot of friends.
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet。如
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
16) in与after
in 与after 都可以表示时间
1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周后他会动身去北京。
2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周后他动身去了北京。
不过after后跟的是具体的时刻
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十点后我们会完成工作的。
3.注意区分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周内我会去拜访他两次。
17) 不定冠词a与an的使用
1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如
There is a "b" in the word "book".
单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如
There is an "i" in the word "onion". 单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗
3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an
用a。如 a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person
18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”
英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种
1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物动词......穿衣”的意思而不是“衣服”。如
Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词衣着的习惯。如
The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 与a bit (of)
a little, a few 与a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢
1. a little 意为“一些、少量”
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意为“一些、少数”
There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
3. a bit 意为“一点儿”如
It's a bit cold. 有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。如
He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。
4. a little 表肯定意义little 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义few 表否定意义。
如
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。
5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词
20) 关于like的用法
like 可以作动词
1、like 作动词”
Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗
like 后可接不定式like to do sth-ing分词
like doing sth
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。惯
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。
like 与would 连用
Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如
They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介词......”。如
She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
3、区分以下句子
A. What does he look like?
B. What is he like?
A句译为“他长相如何B句译为“他人怎么样的性格特点。
C. The boy like Peter is over there.
D. A boy like Peter can't do it.
A句指外貌相似D句指性格相似。
21) stop to do sth 与stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如
The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是
go on to do sth “继续做某事go on doing sth “继续做某事
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English. 他完成了作业
去念英语。
They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。
22) tell, speak, say 与talk
1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”
He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。
Father always tells interesting stories to us. 爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。
tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如
He told me something about his past.
他告诉我一些他的往事。
tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如
David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。
2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”
He can speak English and a little Chinese.
他能讲英语和一点汉语。
speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如
Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗
speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如
The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。
3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”talk to方
或多方交谈with。如
Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。
He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。
talk about 意为“谈论......”。如
They are talking about the movie. 他们在谈论那部电影。
have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如
Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗
4. say 意为“说”。如
Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗
say to 意为“对......说”。如
He said to his students that they would have a test.
他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。
It is said that... 意为“据说”。如
It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.
据说他能呆在水里很长时间。
23) Excuse me! 与I'm sorry!
1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了”
Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood? 请问旅馆吗
Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下
2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起
I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again. 对不起
24) 表示时间的in、on 与at in, on 与at 都可以和表示时间的词组连用。
1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如
in the morning 在上午
in May, 2004 在2004年五月
in a week 在一周之内
It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.
现在是星期天期二
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是在一天内建起来的。
2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如
on Sunday 在星期天
on May Day 在“五一”节
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004. 他于2004年4月26日到达北京。
3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如
at 8:00 在八点
at noon 在中午
I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。
It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。
25) Other及其用法
Other 及其相近的词
如others, the other, the others, another, any other 等们比较困扰的问题
1、other 指其余的人或物other's others the other 指“两
个人或物中的另一个”the others others 相当于“other + 名词”
others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分
some...others ...其余的人...the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部
some...the others.
2、another 泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由an 和other 合并构成
以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词another pencil.
3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”
26) look 短语
常见的look短语有以下这些
1.look at 朝......看
Please look at the map of China. 请看中国地图。(look at=have a look at)
2.look for 寻找
The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。
3.look like 看起来像Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起来像她母亲。
4.look the same 看上去一样
Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。
5.look up 查找
Please look up the word in the dictionary. 请在词典中查找这个单词。
6.look over 仔细检查The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 医生仔细检查了玛
丽。
7.look after 照顾You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老
父亲。
8.look around 到处寻找、查看We looked around, but we found nothing strange.
我们四处查看
27) too also与either
1.too用于肯定句和疑问句
We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。
Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗
2.also用于肯定句和疑问句be动词后。如
Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。
3.either用于否定句
They don't know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。
4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如
We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.
He is a happy boy as well.
28) hard与hardly 1.hard既可作形容词
It's a hard(adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。
The boy studies very hard(adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力。
句子结构It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如
It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。
注意区分
hard work 困难的工作
work hard 努力工作
2.hardly是频度副词表示否定的意思。=almost not
I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。
29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times
1.sometime是时间副词或过去某一点时间
We'll go to Beijing sometime next month. 我们下个月某一时候会去北京。
2.sometimes是频度副词=at times
Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning. 有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。 3.some time是名词词组
It took him some time to finish the book. 她花了一些时间去完成作业。
4.some times指“几次”。如
He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。
30) exercise的一些用法
1.作不及物动词
David exercises every morning. 大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。
2.作及物动词
Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。
3.作名词体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如
It's good to do eye exercises every day. 每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。
Please do more exercise from now on. 从今以后请多做运动吧。
I have lots of homework to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作业要做。
4.注意exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词exercises
不可数名词。
31) maybe与may be
1.maybe是副词译为“也许、可能”perhaps”。如
Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
2.may be中的may为情态动词......”。如
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
32) same与different
1.same指“相同的”定冠词the same前面已经有this
those等词the连用了。如
We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。
结构the same as 与......一样如
His mark is the same as mine.
他的分数和我的分数一样。
2.different译为“不同的”
We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。
结构be different from 与......不同如
This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。
different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。
33) 动词want的用法
1.want sth. 想要某物
They want some help. 他们需要一些帮助。
2.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事
My father wants me to help him on the farm. 我父亲要我在农场上帮他。
3.want to do sth. 想要做某事
I want to study English in England. 我想要在英国学习英语。
4.want doing 需要...
Your sweater wants washing. 你的运动衣该洗了。
34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法
1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......
Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。=
Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do well in 如
I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。
3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children. 父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。
35) how many与how much
1.how many表示“多少”
There are four people in my family.
---How many people are in your family?
你家里有几个人
We have seven classes every day.
---How many classes do you have every day?
你们每天上几节课
2.how much也是表示“多少”
There is some milk in the bottle.
---How much milk is there in the bottle?
瓶子里有多少牛奶
3.how much还可以对价格提问”的意思。如
The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.
---How much is the yellow T-shirt?
那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱
36) with的几个用法
1.with表“和、同、与”。如
Can you go to the park with me?
你能和我一起去公园吗
2.with表“用、以、被”。如
Don't write with the red pen.
不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。
3.with表“随着”。如
Climate varies with the time of the year. 气候随着时令的不同而不同。
4.with表“带有、有......的”。如
The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。
5.with表“因为、由于”。如
They were angry with hard work. 他们因为艰难的工作而生气。
6.一些with结构
play with 与......一起玩
be angry with 对......生气
talk with 与......交谈
get on well with 与......相处融洽
37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much
1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”。相当于lots of。它既可以修饰可数名词
I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中国有很多朋友。
The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的钱。
2.many意为“许多”。它用来修饰可数名词。如
Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子吗
3.much意为“大量”。它用来修饰不可数名词。如
There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot of =lots of many much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of
=lots of many或much。如
We can see a lot of birds in the tree.
---We can't see many birds in the tree.
我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。
He wants lots of soda.
---Does he want much soda?
他需要许多汽水吗
38) help用法举例
help既可以作名词作动词。
1.help作名词
He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。
2.help作动词
Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗
3.help的结构
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事如
They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.
=They want to help the boy with the heavy box. 他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。
39) well的用法
well可以作副词
1.well作副词
The boy draws very well. 男孩画得很好。
2.well作形容词
I'm not feeling well. 我觉得不舒服。
40) ago与before
ago与before都表示“......以前”
1.ago意为“以前”于过去时的句子中。如
He took a photo a week ago. 他一周前照了一张相片。
2.before作为副词时表示
a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前
The boy had already seen the comedy before. 那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。
b.笼统的“以前”ago不可
以单独使用。如
He's read this novel before. 他以前读过这部小说。
41) need的用法
1.need作实义动词
Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗
2.need作情态动词must的否定回答。如
---Must he leave now? 他必须离开吗
---No, he needn't. 不
3.区分
a.need作实义动词。
He needs to go.
He doesn't need to go.
Does he need to go?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
b.need作情态动词
He needn't go.
Need he go?
Yes, he need./No, he needn't.
42) decide的几种句式
1.decide to do sth 决定去做某事
They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他们决定在周末去放风筝。
2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事
They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。
3.decide on sth 就某事决定......
Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。
4.decide的名词形式为decision make a decision如
He has made a decision. 他已经做一个决定了。
43) too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”的复数。如
There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。
2.too much意为“太多”饰不可数名词。如
We have too much work to do.
我们有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it. 箱子太重了
44) can的用法
1.表示能力。如
We can carry the heavy box. 我们可以搬得动箱子。
Who can sing an English song? 谁会唱英文歌
2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度和疑问句中。如
Can it be true? 这会是真的吗
You can't be serious? 你不会当真吧
3.表示允许may相近用于口语中。如
Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗
Can I go with him? 我可以跟他一起去吗
初中英语语法考点比较级
比较等级，几多注意 在本单元的学习中，我们又进一步了解了比较等级的用法。可是在具体运用中，常有同学因粗心而犯下一些错误。那么，学习比较等级，有那些要注意的地方呢？ 一注意单词拼写 可不要以为拼写是一个小问题呀！形容词或副词变比较级的规则可要时刻牢记，该双写，该去e，该加more或该y变i，都是不能马虎的。例如： 他总是比我到校早。 He always comes to school earlyer than me. （误） （正）He always comes to school earlier than me. 二注意比较对象 在比较等级的句型中，比较的双方必须是同类事物，否则会引起歧义。即人与人，物与物的比较。例如： 他的尺子比我的长。 His ruler is longer than me.（误） （正）His ruler is longer than mine. 三注意符合逻辑 自身能进行比较吗？当然是不行的。可是有时我们因不小心而将自己和自己比较。为了避免这样的错误，可借助“any other+单数名词”来帮忙。例如： 中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Asia. （误） （正）China is larger than any other country in Asia. 四注意修饰词语
在比较等级中，so, very, quite, too等修饰原级；much, a lot, far, even 等常修饰比较级。在使用时，不要弄错了。例如： 姚明比我高多了。Yao Ming is very taller than I. （误） （正）Yao Ming is much taller than I. 五注意范围介词 在表达最高级时，常用到in或of两个表范围的介词。in表示“在…范围之中”，而of常用于“在…同类之中”。例如： 玛丽是我们班最漂亮的女孩。Mary is the prettiest girl of our class. （误） （正）Mary is the prettiest girl in our class. 六注意定冠词的使用 1. 形容词最高级前一般有定冠词，但如果前边也有物主代词，名词所有格 等词来修饰时，定冠词the常被省略。例如： 加里是我最好的朋友。Gary is my the best friend. （误） （正）Gary is my best friend. 2. 形容词比较级前一般不加定冠词，但句中有“of the two”结构表示“两者中较…的一个”时，定冠词the要加上。例如： 苏珊是这两个女孩子当中较胖的一个。 Susan is fatter of the two girls. （误） （正）Susan is the fatter of the two girls. 3. 在使用最高级“one of the +最高级+复数名词”结构时，定冠词the不能丢掉。例如：
人教版八年级上册英语知识点汇总
新人教版｜八年级上学期英语所有必考知识点大汇总 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 【重点语法】 不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 用法注意： 1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。 some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。 2. 由some, any, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。 3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting 【重点短语】 1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing...but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方/ arrive at + 小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事区分：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 【词语辨析】 1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词复数“许多…” 2. seem + 形容词看起来…... You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ... 好像，似乎….. It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名“到达......” arrive at +小地点 （注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如：arrive here; get home） 4. feel like sth 感觉像… feel doing sth. 想要做某事 5. wonder（想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。 6. because of +名/代/V-ing because+从句 He can’t take a walk because of the rain. I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough +名词足够的…... 形容词/副词+enough Unit2 How often do you exercise? 【重点语法】 1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。2.“次数”的表达方法 一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times, 3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。 常见的how疑问词： 1）How soon 多久（以后） —How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？ —He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。 2）how long “多久” —How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？ —It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。 3）How many+名复 How much+不可名 “多少”问数量（how much 还可问价格） 【重点短语】 1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾 3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动 9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同 11. once a month一月一次12. twice a week一周两次 13.make a difference to 对......有影响/作用14. most of the students=most students 15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物16. be good for 对......有益 17. be bad for 对......有害18. come home from school放学回家 19. of course = certainly = sure 当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩 21. keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假 【词语辨析】 1. maybe / may be maybe 是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是...，也许是...，大概是...”. The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry. The woman may be a teacher. 2. a few / few / a little / little a few (少数的，几个，一些) a little (一点儿，少量) 表示肯定 few (很少的，几乎没有的) little (很少的，几乎没有的) 表示否定 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150. There is little time left. I w on’t catch the first bus. Could you give me a little milk? 3. hard / hardly hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly为副词，意
九年级英语新目标初中英语语法知识大全辅导
九年级英语新目标2010最新初中英语语法知识大全辅导 2010最新初中英语语法知识大全 原创 （一）形容词和副词 I．要点 （1）形容词比较等级的用法 ①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如： He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one. ②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如： He is the cleverest boy in his class. ③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如： He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you. ④ 越… 越… 例如：The more I learn, the happier I am. ⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好 又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 ⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day. 那一天是最令我担心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner. 这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ My English is no better than yours. 我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。 例2 ____ the worse I seem to be. A When I take more medicine B The more medicine I take C Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken 解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。 例3"I haven't been to London yet". "I haven't been there ____". A too B also C either D neither 解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither 本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。 （二）介词 I．要点 （2） between, among（表位置） between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如 I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如： He is the best among the students.
初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
初中英语语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2(自动保存的)
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下 (1) 符合规则的： 例题解析 1. He is ________ friends than I. A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more 解析：后面有可数名词复数时，many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。应选B. 2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 解析：两者比较用比较级，表示"发达"用developed, 而developing 是"发展中的" 3． There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990. A. little B. few C. fewer D. less 解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级，所以应选C. 4. If you are not free today, come another day __________. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet 解析：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"，表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C. 5．He can't tell us ________, I think. A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important. 解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B 6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总
Unit 1 What 'the matter? 一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法 (1) 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达： What's the matter (with sb. )?(某人)怎么了？ What's wrong (with sb. )?(某人)怎么了？ What's the trouble (with sb. )?(某人)出什么事了？ Whathappened (to sb. )?(某人)发生了什么事？ Are you OK?尔没事吧？ Is there anything wrong with sb. ?某人有什么事吗？ (2) 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构： ①某人+have/has+病症. The twins have colds .双胞胎感冒了。 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night .她昨晚肚子痛。 ③某人+have/has+a+sore+ 发病部位. Hehasasore throat .他喉咙痛。 ④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词. Hehurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。 ⑤某部位+hurt(s). Myhead hurts badly .我头痛得厉害。 ⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in on e's+身体部位，I have a pa in in my chest .我胸口痛。 ⑦(There is)something wrong with one's+身体部位. There is something wrong with my right eye ..我的右眼有毛病。 ⑧其他表达方式 She has a heart trouble .她有心脏病。 Hegot hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。 She cut her finger .她割破手指了。 二情态动词should的用法 1. Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn '，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink hot water with honey .你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。Heshould put his head back 他应该把头后仰。 Weshould try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。Youshouldn ‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。 2. Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put somemedicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？Should wetell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？ 【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： ①Would you like (to do) sth .?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗？ Would you like to play basketball with me?尔想要和我一起打篮球吗？ ②Shall I/we do sth ?我/我们做”好吗？ Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？ ③Whynot do sth ?为什么不”呢？ Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？ ④How/Whatabout doing sth ?做某事怎么样？Howabout going swimming?去游泳怎么样？
【人教版新目标九年级英语课文翻译全一册】英语人教版九年级全一册
【人教版新目标九年级英语课文翻译全一册】英语人教版九 年级全一册 一单元 SECTION A 1a 我通过制作抽认卡来学习。通过和朋友一起学习。通过听磁带。通过做抽认卡。通过向老师求助。通过读课本。通过制作单词本。 1c A：你怎么为考试而学习。B：我通过参加学习小组来学习。 2a 1、你是通过看英文录像学英语的吗？ 2、你曾和朋友们练习过对话吗？ 3、听磁带怎么样？ 4、大声朗读以练习发音怎么样？5、我曾经通过参加学习小组的方式学习过吗？ 2b A是的，我通过那种学习方式学到了很多。B、哦，是的，它提高了我说英语的能力。C、有时那样做。我觉得他有用。D、不。（通过看英语录像学习）太难了，无法理解录像中的人所说的话。 2c A你曾经通过参加学习小组来学习吗？B、是的，我参加赤字，通过那种方式我学到了很多。
Grammer Focus 你怎么为准备一场考试而学习？ __听磁带。你怎样学习英语？我通过参加学习小组来学习。你通过大声朗读来学习英语吗？是的，我是。你曾和朋友们练习过对话吗？哦，是的，他提高了我说英语的能力。你曾经通过参加学习？小组来学习吗？是的，我参加过。通过那种方式我学习到了很多。 3a如何才能学得最好 这星期我们询问了新星高中的同学关于学习更多英语的最佳方法的问题。许多同学说他们通过使用英语为学习它，一些还有很特别的建议。比如，李莉莲说学习新单词的最好的方法是阅读英语杂志。她说记忆浒音乐的歌词也有一些作用。当我们问及学习语法的问题时，她说：“我从不学习语法。它太枯燥了。” 魏明有不同的看法。他学习英语已经6年了，并且确实喜欢英语。他认为学习语法是学习一门语言的一种好方法。他还认为观看英语电影也不错，国灰他可以看到演员说话的情形。但是，有时候他发现看英语电影是件很头痛的事情，因为那些演员说话太快了。
初中英语语法大全汇总
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类( ) 名词英文名称(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词等 冠词英文名称(缩写为.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a() 代词英文名称(缩写为) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词 形容词英文名称(缩写为.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词. 数词英文名称(缩写为.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词 动词英文名称(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词() 副词英文名称(缩写为.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词 介词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词. 连词英文单词(缩写为.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词. 感叹词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词. 二.名词() 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 中国亚洲北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: 老师茶改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 马汽车房间苹果风扇照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 人们家庭军队政府集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 火钢空气水牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 劳动健康生活友情耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词( )有复数形式,如: a 不可数名词( )一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 沙糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 玻璃玻璃杯纸报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
初二英语知识点归纳八年级英语知识点汇总
初二英语知识点归纳八年级英语知识点汇总 升入初二，英语越来越难了，想要学好英语，就要常对所学过的英语知识点进行归纳，下面就来给大家分享初二英语知识点归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。 (一) 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah e to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成：will + not (won't)+do
Sarah won't e to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
人教版英语九年级语法知识点
1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示："在…旁","靠近","在…期间"、"用,""经过","乘车"等如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o'clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 如：Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多常用于句末如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。 如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如： I like milk very much. I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ②end up with sth. 以…结束如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随 11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也(用于肯定句) 常在句末 12. make mistakes 犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
初中生中考必须掌握的英语语法大汇总
语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此，单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。 总之，语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好，将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文帮大家归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句，希望对广大中学生有所帮助。 1词法 ▊ 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。 如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball
B.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。 如：This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。 如:the students’ books，the girls’ blouses (另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) ▊ 2.代词 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词 2.1 人称代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数he him his his himself
初中英语语法比较级和最高级练习
比较级和最高级 一．写出下列词的比较级和最高级。 Tall ________ _________ short________ _________ light________ _______ Weak _______ _________ strong _______ ________ long_______ ________ Small _______ _________ high ________ _________ large _______ ________ Heavy _______ _________ fast ________ ________ slow _______ ________ Big _________ _________ fat ________ __________ thin ________ ________ Wet ________ __________ red ________ _________ hot _________ _________ Much ________ ________ many ________ _________ bad ________ _________ Good ________ ________ ill ________ _________ little ________ _________ Few ________ ________ well _________ ________ old _________ _________ Cold ________ _________ new _______ _________ wide _______ __________ Angry ________ ________ busy _______ _________ dirty ________ __________ Easy ________ _________ early ________ ________ cloudy _______ _________ Happy _______ _________ beautiful _____________ _____________ Important ______________ ______________ expensive______________ ____________ Interesting _____________ ________________ useful ______________ _____________ Popular ______________ _______________ exciting ______________ _____________ Careful _____________ _______________ wonderful _____________ ____________ Difficult ____________ _______________ quickly _____________ _____________ Slowly _____________ _______________ loudly ____________ _____________ 二．用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Tom is _____________( strong ) than Mary. 2.You are ____________(weak ) than me 3.Lynn is ____________ (loud ) than any of us 4.This box is ____________(heavy) than that one 5.Exercise One is ____________( easy ) than Exercise Two 6.The sun is ______________(big) than the moon 7.The ruler is ____________( long ) than that one 8.My ball is ____________(small) than yours 9.Ted was ______________(slow) than Haley 10.Pat was ______________( light) than Koko. 11.I’m _______________(fat) than my daughter . 12.Today is ______________( hot) than yesterday,It’s __________________(hot) day of this year. 13.The Changjiang River is _______________(long) river in China. 14.Chongqing is __________________(large) city in China. 15.The moon is __________________(small) of the three. 16.My flat is ______________(good ) than yours . 17.The moon is _____________(light) than the Earth
初二英语语法知识点总结
1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句：1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large / small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后，all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。 2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别： 1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.：called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注)：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上