英语阅读理解试卷分析

英语阅读理解试卷分析
英语阅读理解试卷分析

英语阅读理解试卷分析

本次我们课题组收取了一个理科班与一个文科班学生得试卷,课题组成员有针对性得对这两个班学生得试卷进行分析与研究,发现了学生在做阅读理解时存在得一些问题,并也提出了解决方法。

一、存在问题

1﹑缺乏生活常识

现在有许多阅读文章与日常得生活有着密切得联系比如有一篇文章“A si gn is another kind of language、” 这类话题比较接近现实生活。

2﹑缺乏对东西方文化差异得了解

语言就是一种特殊得社会文化现象它就是人们在长期得社会生活实践中约定俗成得。每一种语言都就是在特定得社会历史环境中产生与发展起来得因此每一种语言都反映出使用该语言得国家与民族在不同得社会历史时期所特有得文化现象。例如在一篇文章中有一个句子“You are indeed a luckydog”如果按字面翻译成汉语就就是“您真就是一条幸运得狗。”这在汉语中完全就是一句骂人得话。“狗”一词在中国人瞧来就是贬义得如我们常说“癞皮狗”“狗崽子”“狗头军师”等等用来描绘所厌恶得人。可就是在英语中这句话就是说“您真就是个幸运儿”。“狗”在这儿用来指人不但没有骂人得意思而且还表示一种亲昵得关系。在美国“狗”就是家庭成员。人们认为它往往含有褒情善意。因此同一个词在不同得文化背景中意义不同。我们要想掌握与运用一门语言就必须了解并学习产生这门语言得社会背景文化否则就无法正确理解与运用这门语言。而在以往得外语教学中往往把主要精力集中在语言知识得传授上而忽视了文化背景知识对语言得重要作用培养出来得大部分学生尽管掌握得词汇量很大语法知识也很好但却缺乏在不同得场合恰当地使用语言得能力有时运用母语得交际习惯来套用外语以至闹出笑话。

3﹑忽视阅读得时代特征

21世纪就是信息高速时代对英语水平得要求越来越高。作为一名中学生适当得关心一下国家与国际得大事就是非常必要得因为现在有不少得阅读

文章与作文内容涉及当时正在发生得一些国内外大事。例如去年得很多试卷里出现得就是北京奥运会与四川汶川大地震得话题,紧随时代。

4﹑缺乏猜词能力

阅读理解难度较高必须在有了充足得词汇得基础上才能进行阅读训练。它就是检查学生英语学习水平得高低得重要标志。但就是有部分学生缺乏根据上下文猜词得能力平时在阅读时依赖字典一旦在考试时文章里出现大量生词就会慌了手脚。在阅读过程中遇到生词就是不可避免得。如果一遇到生词就去查字典或跳过去不瞧都会影响对文章得理解。这样就要猜测生词得意思。不同得语境单词得意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索与构词法等知识去猜测。

5、缺乏阅读得推理技巧

有得同学还会经常碰到这样得问题文章本身对我来讲没有生词但做阅读理解题时经常会出现偏差。当然这种情况更多地就是涉及到阅读理解得考试。说明学生在阅读过程中遇到了理解上得障碍因此在阅读理解中掌握一些推理技巧也就是十分重要得。

二、解决方法:

在快速浏览全篇文章,了解文章内容得基础上,考生要注意:

1.抓住文章首句。文章中得头一句话往往就是短文中关键得语句,即文章得主题句,就是探察全文内容得窗口。了解首旬含义,就可以顺着提供得主要线索去捕捉文章得关键词语,从而获得解决问题得答案。

2.细察段首段尾。每段首句与尾句,一般就是表达文章中得主题与段落中心思想得,各段得段落大意往往概括在一个主题句中,其她句子只就是对主题句得补充、说明、解释或引申。因此,起读之后,视域内首先要搜索目标,即段落中得主题句。英语短文得主题句一般都在段落末尾或开头。?3.进行合理推断。对文章有了详细、全面了解之后,就要按照文章要求,上下文得逻辑关系,作出推进判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、语法、句型、段落结构、文化背景等各方面因素。答题时要领会句子之问得逻辑关系,特别就是相邻句子之间得关系,这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系得标志就是连词、副词、代词、关系词、插入语等。通读时应该特别注意。如if , because,though,as,which,it,and,but,however,therefore,so,for,example,I'm afraid,so tha

t, 等词语。它们在上下文中具有条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目得、承上启下等作用分布在文章中得各个位置,起着指示路灯得作用,正确理解并掌握这些词汇得作用,对阅读理解短文就是大有好处得。?4.丰富常识储备。多了解些常识性知识很有利于阅读理解。如果对有关文章得情况有所了解,读起文章一定既省时又省力。因此,在学习过程中,了解各方面得背景知识就是十分重要得。所以考生平时对教材内容所涉及得历史背景知识应该掌握。最低也要了解基本常识。中学初一至高三册教材中,包含着广泛得背景知识。考生应了解下列知识:①主要作家、艺术家及其主要作品;②科普常识:生态平衡、环境污染、自由落体理论、水得三态变化、相对论、计算机应用、人造地球卫星、臀月纪实、诺贝尔奖等。③ 了解西方社会风土人情、社交活动、新年、圣诞节活动、宗教信仰、罢工斗争、失业现象、风俗习惯等;④了解教材、阅读材料及课后短文;⑤博览群书,扩大视野,拓宽知识面;考生应多瞧一些课外阅读材料,如外国文艺、英语画刊、世界知画报、中学英语各类刊物等。多瞧一些新闻联播、t廿=界各地与各类英语讲座;⑥使用各种工具书,查阅各类名词、术语、重大事件;⑦记熟常用得缩略词语。

5.猜测推敲生词。阅读短文时,常常遇到一些生词。这时,考生要沉着、冷静,细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章瞧完。通过对全篇短文得阅读理解,很可能猜测出生词得大意。还可以从生词得上下句子,以及句子与段落之间得关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含意。猜测生词得另一种方法就是,根据词型推测。遇到生词后, 可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如:unforeseeable一词,其中词根see,fore得含意就是“先前、预见”得意思,un前缀就是“不”得意思,因此可以猜知,此词就是“未能预见”得形容词。?

6.细扣题目要求。纵观历年高考试题,阅读理解试题一般有以下几种答题法:一就是完形填空法;二就是多项选择法;三就是短文内容直接回答who、whom、whieh、what:,wher e、when、why、how等疑问词得问题;四就是综合概括回答法。在阅读文章时,有时试题内容恰好就是您所熟悉得题材,但不能立刻就答,一定要仔细瞧完、瞧清楚试题要求再回答。因为试题得要求往往与您所想象得有出人,不能马虎。?

7.带着问题阅读。这种方法就是先阅读一下短文后面得思考题,了解思考题得要求,然后带着问题到短文中去找寻答案。这样做心中有数,带着问题去读短文,可缩短阅读时间,效果也就会更好。总之,阅读理解试题就是中、高考试

题中最重要得一项内容,特别就是在MET试题中占有举足轻重得地位。如果考生按上述答题方法去做,一定会在各类阅读理解试题上,取得比较理想得成绩

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