2019秋季人教新版八年级上学期 6.2 密度 同步练习试题卷 含详细答案
6.2 密度
一．选择题（共18小题）
1．对密度定义式ρ＝的下列几种解释中，属于正确表达的是（）A．质量越大的物体，密度越大
B．密度与物体的体积成反比
C．当一个物体的体积减少一半，其密度减少一半
D．密度与物体的体积、质量无关
2．以下关于密度的说法，正确的是（）
A．密度是物质的特性，物质不同，密度一定不同
B．金属件在打磨过程中，质量和密度均变小
C．氢气球在升空胀大时，里面氢气的密度变小
D．温度计中的水银从室温放入开水中，密度不变
3．关于对密度公式ρ＝的理解，下列说法正确的是（）
A．某种物体的质量越大，密度越大
B．某种物质的体积越大，密度越小
C．某种物质的密度与质量、体积都有关
D．密度是物质的一种特性，与质量和体积无关
4．甲、乙两种物质的质量和体积关系如图所示，由图象可知（）
A．ρ甲＞ρ乙B．ρ甲＜ρ乙C．ρ甲＝ρ乙D．无法判断
5．将一根粗细均匀的铁丝截去一段后，不变的物理量是（）
A．重力B．质量C．体积D．密度
6．甲、乙两种物质的质量之比是5：2，密度之比是10：7，则两种物质的体积比是（）A．50：14 B．9：5 C．7：4 D．4：7
7．关于物质的密度理解正确的是（）
A．物质的密度与质量成正比，密度与体积成反比
B．不同种类的物质，物质的密度一定是不相同的
C．不同种类的物质，单位体积的质量一般不同的
D．物质密度不随状态、位置、形状的变化而变化
8．用不同材料做成的甲乙两个实心球，已知ρ甲＞ρ乙，则甲乙两球体积与质量之间比较不可能的关系是……（）
A．甲的体积较小，质量较大
B．甲的体积较大，质量较大
C．乙的体积较小，质量较大
D．乙的体积较大，质量较大
9．如图甲所示，质量相同的a、b、c三种液体分别装在三个相同的玻璃杯中，如图乙是它们的质量与体积的关系图象，三个杯子从左至右依次装的液体种类是（）
A．bca B．acb C．abc D．bac
10．氧气瓶中的氧气密度为ρ，用去一半质量的氧气后，瓶中氧气的密度为（）A．2ρB．ρC．ρD．无法判定
11．甲乙两物体是实心正方体，放在水平桌面上，对桌面压强相等，压力之比为9比4，则两物体的密度之比是（）
A．2：3 B．3：2 C．1：1 D．4：9
12．一个由甲、乙两种金属做成的零件，其体积为61.3cm3．若用与零件质量相同的纯金属甲和纯金属乙做此零件，其体积分别为96.5cm2和52.5cm3．则原零件中金属甲的质量和金属乙的质量之比为（）
A．l：2 B．1：3 C．1：4 D．1：5
13．分别由甲、乙两种物质组成的物体，其质量与体积的关系如图所示。分析图象可知两种物质的密度之比ρ甲：ρ乙为（）
A．8：1 B．2：1 C．4：1 D．1：2
14．关于物质的密度，下列说法中正确的是（）
A．不同物体的密度不相同
B．不同种类的物质，其质量与体积的比值一般不同
C．由公式ρ＝可知，物质的密度跟质量成正比，跟体积成反比
D．密度是物质的特性，其大小不随温度、形状、状态的变化而变化
15．下列关于密度及其公式（ρ＝）理解的说法中，正确的是（）A．同一种物质的密度一定是不变的
B．不同种物质的密度一定是不同的
C．不同种物质的密度一般是不同的
D．物体的密度与其质量成正比、与其体积成反比
16．有一瓶食用油用掉一半，则剩下的半瓶油（）
A．密度为原来的一半
B．质量为原来的一半
C．质量与体积的比值为原来的一半
D．质量、体积和密度都为原来的一半
17．有位同学想估测自己的体积，她只知道自己的身高为165cm，体重50kg，那么，她的体积大约为（）
A．0.005m3B．0.05m3C．0.33m3D．1.65m3
18．在国际单位中，密度的单位是（）
A．℃B．kg C．m/s D．kg/m3
二．计算题（共6小题）
19．一把汤勺的质量为10.8g，它的体积为4cm3，则它的密度为多少g/cm3？合多少kg/m3？
20．测得一木块的质量是10.8g，体积是24cm3，木块的密度是多少kg/m3？
21．一个空玻璃杯的质量50g，装满水时总质量为550g，装满某种液体时总质量为450g，求液体的密度。
22．一个质量为0.5kg的塑料瓶，用它装满水后，总质量为3kg，用它装满某液体后，总质量为2kg，求：
（1）该塑料瓶的容积为多少？
（2）这种液体的密度为多少？
23．一个瓶子的质量是0.2kg，装满水时是0.7kg装满另一种液体时总质量是0.8kg，该液体的密度多大？
24．如图所示，一只容积为3×10﹣4 m3的瓶内盛有0.2dm3的水，一只口渴的乌鸦每次将一块质量为0.01kg的小石子投入瓶中，当乌鸦投了25块相同的小石子后，水面上升至瓶口，求：
（1）瓶内石块的总体积；
（2）石块的密度。
三．解答题（共1小题）
25．一石块的体积为20m3，为了获知它的质量，某同学在石块上取下了样品，用仪器测得样品的质量为1×10﹣2kg，体积为4×10﹣6m3，求：
（1）石块的密度ρ石；
（2）石块的质量m石。
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共18小题）
1．【解答】解：某种物质单位体积的质量叫做这种物质的密度，所以密度就是质量与体积的比值，不同物质密度一般不同，所以不同种类的物质，单位体积的质量一般不同；
密度是物质的一种属性，与质量大小、体积大小无关，故ABC错误，D正确。
故选：D。
2．【解答】解：A、密度是物质的特性，物质不同，密度一般不同，也有相同的，例如酒精的密度与煤油的密度相同，故A错误；
B、金属件在打磨过程中，金属件的质量减小，由于组成金属件的物质没有发生变化，其
密度不变，故B错误；
C、氢气球在升空胀大时，体积变大，而氢气质量不变，根据ρ＝可知，球内氢气的
密度变小，故C正确；
D、温度计是利用液体的热胀冷缩的性质制成的，温度计中的水银从室温放入开水中，水
银的体积变大，质量不变，故密度变小，故D错误。
故选：C。
3．【解答】解：
密度是物质本身的一种特性，与物质的种类和状态有关，与质量和体积无关；同种物质的质量和体积成正比，可以利用ρ＝计算物质的密度，故ABC错、D正确。
故选：D。
4．【解答】解：
由图象知，在两种物质的体积相同时（如都取V＝1cm3），甲的质量大于乙的质量，由公式ρ＝可知，甲的密度大于乙的密度。
故选：A。
5．【解答】解：一根粗细均匀的铁棒，截去一段后，体积、质量、重力都变小了，但是密度是物质的一种特性，密度大小与物体的质量和体积无关，所以密度没有变。
故选：D。
6．【解答】解：
由题知，m甲：m乙＝5：2，ρ甲：ρ乙＝10：7，
由ρ＝可得体积之比：
V甲：V乙＝：＝＝7：4。
故选：C。
7．【解答】解：
A、某种物质单位体积的质量叫做这种物质的密度，其质量与体积的比值是一个常量，密
度不随质量和体积的变化而变化，故A错误；
B、密度是物质的一种特性，物质不同，密度一般也不同；但不同物质，密度也可能相同，
故B错误；
C、某种物质单位体积的质量叫做这种物质的密度，所以密度就是质量与体积的比值；不
同物质密度一般不同，所以不同种类的物质，单位体积的质量一般不同，故C正确；
D、物质的密度不随位置、形状的变化而变化，当状态发生变化时，体积会发生变化，密
度也会改变，故D错误。
故选：C。
8．【解答】解：A、已知ρ甲＞ρ乙，根据公式m＝ρV可知，存在甲的体积较小，质量较大的情况，故A可能存在；
B、已知ρ甲＞ρ乙，根据公式m＝ρV可知，甲的体积大，质量大，故B可能存在；
C、已知ρ甲＞ρ乙，根据公式m＝ρV可知，乙的体积较小，则乙的质量也会小，故C
不可能存在；
D、已知ρ甲＞ρ乙，根据公式m＝ρV可知，若乙的体积远远大于甲的体积，则乙的质
量可能会大于甲的质量，故D可能存在。
故选：C。
9．【解答】解：
（1）如图乙，取相同体积的三种液体V，可得质量关系m a＞m b＞m c，由ρ＝可知ρa ＞ρb＞ρc；
（2）在图乙中，三种液体的质量相同，而ρa＞ρb＞ρc，由V＝可知V a＜V b＜V c，所以左边烧杯液体为b，中间为c，右边为a，
三个杯子从左至右依次装的液体种类：b、c、a。
故选：A。
10．【解答】解：
设原来氧气的质量为m，体积为V，原来氧气的密度为ρ＝；
用掉一半后，氧气的质量变为m，
因为氧气的体积不变，
所以此时瓶中氧气的密度：ρ′＝＝×＝ρ。
故选：C。
11．【解答】解：由它们对桌面的压强相等，可知＝，
压力之比为9：4，可得，＝，
则＝＝，
因为是甲乙两个实心正方体，
所以＝，
＝，
因为静止在水平面上的物体，此时的压力即为重力，
所以，＝＝＝＝，
所以＝＝×＝×＝2：3。
故选：A。
12．【解答】解：
设零件的质量为m，
由题可知，纯甲金属和纯乙金属的质量相等，则两纯金属的质量也为m，
已知纯甲金属和纯乙金属的体积分别为96.5cm3和52.5cm3，
所以，甲的密度ρ甲＝，乙的密度ρ乙＝，
已知零件的体积为V＝61.3cm3，设零件中含甲金属的体积为V甲，
则零件中乙金属的体积：
V乙＝V﹣V甲＝61.3cm3﹣V甲﹣﹣﹣﹣①
零件的质量：m＝ρ甲V甲+ρ乙V乙，
即：m＝V甲+V乙﹣﹣﹣﹣②
②式两端同时除以m，并把①式代入可得：
1＝V甲+（61.3cm3﹣V甲），
解得：V甲＝19.3cm3，
则V乙＝V﹣V甲＝61.3cm3﹣19.3cm3＝42cm3，
零件中甲金属的质量：m甲＝ρ甲V甲＝×19.3cm3，
零件中乙金属的质量：m乙＝ρ乙V乙＝×42m3，
所以，零件中甲乙两金属的质量之比：
m甲：m乙＝×19.3cm3：×42m3＝1：4。
故选：C。
13．【解答】解：由图象可知，当m甲＝20g时，V甲＝5cm3，m乙＝10g时，V乙＝20cm3，则甲、乙的密度分别为：
ρ甲＝＝＝4g/cm3，ρ乙＝＝＝0.5g/cm3，
所以，甲、乙的密度之比：
ρ甲：ρ乙＝4g/cm3：0.5g/cm3＝8：1。
故选：A。
14．【解答】解：A、不同物体密度一般不同，但个别不同物质密度是相同的，如煤油和酒精。故A错误；
B、某种物质单位体积的质量叫做这种物质的密度，所以密度就是质量与体积的比值，不
同物质密度一般不同，所以不同种类的物质，其质量与体积的比值一般不同。故B正确；
C、某种物质单位体积的质量叫做这种物质的密度，其质量与体积的比值是一个常量，密
度不随质量和体积而变化。故C错误；
D、当温度变化时，质量不变，但体积变化，所以，密度会变化。故D错误。
故选：B。
15．【解答】解：密度是物质的一种特性，不同物质密度一般不同，密度与物质种类和状态有关，即物质在不同温度下或不同状态时，密度不同，不能说物质的密度跟它的质量成正比，跟它的体积成反比，故C正确，ABD错误。
故选：C。
16．【解答】解：一瓶食用油用掉一半，所含物质变少，质量变为原来的一半，体积也减小为原来的一半，但密度与原来相同，保持不变，故ACD错误，B正确。
故选：B。
17．【解答】解：该同学的质量m＝50kg，人的密度约为ρ＝ρ水＝1.0×103kg/m3，由ρ＝可得，她的体积约为：
V＝＝＝0.05m3。
故选：B。
18．【解答】解：
A、摄氏度（℃）是温度的单位，故A不符合题意；
B、千克（kg）是质量的单位，故B不符合题意；
C、米每秒（m/s）是速度的单位，故C不符合题意；
D、千克/m3（kg/m3）是密度的单位，故D符合题意。
故选：D。
二．计算题（共6小题）
19．【解答】解：汤勺的密度：
ρ＝＝＝2.7g/cm3，
因1g/cm3＝1×103kg/m3，所以2.7g/cm3＝2.7×1×103kg/m3＝2.7×103kg/m3。
答：汤勺的密度为2.7g/cm3，合2.7×103kg/m3。
20．【解答】解：木块的密度：
ρ＝＝＝0.45g/cm3＝0.45×103kg/m3。
答：木块的密度是0.45×103kg/m3。
21．【解答】解：
由题知，空玻璃杯的质量m0＝50g，装满水时总质量m总水＝550g，装满某种液体时总质量m总液＝450g，
则玻璃杯内水和某种液体的质量分别为：
m水＝m总水﹣m0＝550g﹣50g＝500g，
m液＝m总液﹣m0＝450g﹣50g＝400g，
因同一玻璃杯装满不同液体时液体的体积相等，
所以，由ρ＝可得，容器的容积：
V容＝＝，
则液体的密度：
ρ液＝ρ水＝×1.0g/cm3＝0.8g/cm3。
答：液体的密度为0.8g/cm3。
22．【解答】解：
（1）水的质量：
m水＝m总1﹣m瓶＝3kg﹣0.5kg＝2.5kg，
由ρ＝得塑料瓶的容积：
V＝V水＝＝＝2.5×10﹣3m3；
（2）某液体的质量：
m液＝m总2﹣m瓶＝2kg﹣0.5kg＝1.5kg，
液体的体积V液＝V＝2.5×10﹣3m3，
这种液体的密度：
ρ液＝＝＝0.6×103kg/m3。
答：（1）该塑料瓶的容积为2.5×10﹣3m3；
（2）这种液体的密度为0.6×103kg/m3。
23．【解答】解：瓶子装满水时水的质量：
m水＝m总﹣m瓶＝0.7kg﹣0.2kg＝0.5kg，
由ρ＝可得，水的体积：
V水＝＝＝5×10﹣4m3，
则瓶子的容积：
V＝V水＝0.5×10﹣3m3；
瓶子装满另一种液体时液体的质量：
m液＝m总′﹣m瓶＝0.8g﹣0.2kg＝0.6kg，
液体的体积：
V液＝V＝5×10﹣4m3，
则液体的密度：
ρ液＝＝＝1.2×103kg/m3。
答：这种液体的密度是1.2×103kg/m3。
24．【解答】解：
（1）由题意可知，瓶内石块的总体积：
V石＝V容﹣V水＝3×10﹣4m3﹣0.2×10﹣3m3＝1×10﹣4m3；
（2）石块的总质量：
m石＝0.01kg×25＝0.25kg，
石块的密度：
ρ石＝＝＝2.5×103kg/m3；
答：（1）瓶内石块的总体积为1×10﹣4m3；
（2）石块的密度为2.5×103kg/m3。
三．解答题（共1小题）
25．【解答】解：（1）石块的密度：
ρ石＝ρ样品＝＝＝2.5×103kg/m3；
（2）石块的质量：
m石＝ρ石V石＝2.5×103kg/m3×20m3＝5×104kg。
答：（1）石块的密度为2.5×103kg/m3；
（2）石块的质量为5×104kg。
人教版八年级初二英语期末考试习题及答案
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初二英语试题及答案《人教版》
初二英语试题及答案《人教版》一、单项填空（15分） 1. There are about five ______ students in our school. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of 2. Saturday is the ______ day of the week. A. first B. second C. last D. third 3. Get up early,______ you'll catch the early bus. A. so B. and C. but D. or 4. Hurry up,______ you'll be late for class. A. so B. and C. but D. or 5. The PRC was founded ______ October 1st,1949. A. in B. on C. with D. for 6. They are all interested ______ English. A. in B. on C. to D. at 7. My sister _____ a letter when I got home last night. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is reading 8. He asked me if I ______ the play. A. saw B. had seen C. have seen D. see 9. _____ is raining now. You'd better stay at home. A. It B. Weather C. This D. That 10. He will write to you as soon as he ______ there. A. will get B. to gets C. gets D. getting 11. The bus stop ______ in 1999. A. was built B. will be built C. built D. will build 12. The work must ______ in time. A. be done B. did C. is doing D. do 13. The policeman told us ______ in the street. A. don't play B. not to play C. to not play D. to play 14. Tom told me that he _____ to England the next week. A. would go B. will go C. is going D. goes 15. The Blacks ______ in this factory since 1996. A. has worked B. has come C. have been D. have arrived 二、情景交际（10分） 1. “Are you hungry now? ” “______. ” A. All right B. No, a lot C. Yes, a little D. I’m hungry, too 2. “______? ” “They’re going to get there by bus. ” A. When are they going to get there B. How are they going to get there