英语语法中的专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词

抽象名词

不可数名词是因不能数而无单复数之分的名词，一般可用no, any, some, a little, much等修饰，如food(食物)，news(新闻)，fruit(水果)，bread(面包)，hunger(饥饿)，truth(真相)等。

There is some food on the table.

桌上有一些食物。

There is much news in the newspaper.

报纸上有大量新闻。

You can eat any fruit on the table.

你可以吃桌上的任何水果。

A little bread is left in the basket.

筐里剩下一点面包。

They feel no hunger now.

他们不感到饿了。

不可数名词包括物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词。

抽象名词是动作、性质、概念、状态等的名称，如：washing(洗衣)，kindness(仁慈)，time(时间)，friendship(友谊)，hope(希望)等。

Mother is doing some washing.

妈妈正在洗衣服。

表动作：washing 洗衣

Mother is much moved by his kindness.

妈妈被他的仁慈深深打动。

表性质：kindness 仁慈

It＇s time to go to bed, boy!

孩子，睡觉的时间到了！

表概念：time 时间

Our friendship is everlasting. 我们的友谊地久天长。

表概念：friendship 友谊

1. 抽象名词一般无复数形式，不加冠词，只有特指时加the。

The friendship between us is long and lasting.

我们的友谊地久天长。

friendship是特指的。

2. 有些抽象名词可与of连用，起形容词的作用。

Your gift is of great value.

你礼物的价值很大。

相当于It is very valuable。

专有名词

1. 专有名词是指人、地方、称谓、机构、语言、国民、周日、月份、节日等的专有名称，第一个字母要大写，一般无复数形式，前面一般不加冠词。

December 25 is Christmas Day.

十二月二十五日是圣诞节。

My name is Peter and I am a Chinese.

我叫彼得，我是中国人。

I graduated from Harvard University and I work in a company on Wall Street.

我毕业于哈佛大学，在华尔街一家公司供职。

Can you speak English?

你会讲英语吗？

2. 有些专有名词，或在某种情形时的专有名词依然要有冠词。比如Chinese, English等国语名称之后有language时，前面用定冠词the。比较下面两句?

Can you speak Chinese?

你会讲中文吗？

No. The Chinese language is hard to learn.

不会。中国话很难学。

3. 不定冠词a/an放在姓名之前表示与某名人类似的人。

I wish to become an Einstein.

我希望成为像爱因斯坦那样的人。

4. 专有名词用作单数普通名词。

Peter is very clever; perhaps he will be another Einstein.

彼得非常聪明，他将来可能成为另一位爱因斯坦。

5. 有些专有名词可用作复数普通名词，字尾要加-s或-es。

I always get up late on Saturdays.

星期六我总是起床晚

1. 物质名词是材料、食品、饮料以及固体、液体和气体的物质名称。

Do you have bread?

你们有面包吗？

Do you have milk?

你们有牛奶吗？

Do you have sugar?

你们有食糖吗？

Do you have cooking oil?

你这儿有食用油吗？

Do you have cloth?

你这儿有布料吗？

以上的句子中的bread, milk, sugar, oil, cloth都是物质名词。

2. 物质名词一般没有复数形式；表示物质名词的数量时，前面需加表示计量的名词。

We want two breads. ?

我们想要两个面包。

We want three milks. ?

我们想要三个牛奶。

We want a sugar. ?

我们想要一个食糖。

We also want two oils. ?

我们还想要两个食用油。

Mom, can we have three cloths, too? ? 妈妈，我们还可以再来三个布料吗？

应该这样说：

We want two pieces of bread.

我们想要两块面包。

three boxes of milk

三盒牛奶

one bag of sugar

一袋食糖

two barrels of cooking oil

两桶食用油

three pieces of cloth.

三块布料

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词一、名词概述 1.名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词（1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。

英语语法大全

《英语语法大全》 1.名词名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns）. 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等，普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns）物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：

1.2其它名词复数的规则变化 1)以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较：层楼：storey---storeys story---stories 2)以o结尾的名词，变复数时： a.加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b.加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c.均可，如：zero---zeros/zeroes 3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时： a.加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c.均可,如：handkerchief:

初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练答案(5)

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初中英语语法备考专题01 名词(专项练习)(解析版)

名词专项练习题（解析板）一、真题分类 1.My daughter helps me cook,but she isn't old enough to be left alone in the __________. A.bedroom B.classroom https://www.360docs.net/doc/ad8067302.html,b D.kitchen 【答案】：D 【解析】句意：我女儿帮我做饭，但她还没到可以独自待在厨房里的年龄。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据前句中的cook可知，这里应该说的是厨房。故选择D 2.The_______of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital. A.silence B.purpose C.culture https://www.360docs.net/doc/ad8067302.html,nguage 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个活动的目的是为一所新医院募捐。本题考查名词词义辨析。silence寂静，安静；purpose目的；culture文化；language语言。由句意可知本题答案为B。 3.-Sally's favorite_______is orange. - I see . That's why all her sweaters are orange . A.fruit B.color C.juice 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——Sally 最喜欢的颜色是橙色。——我知道，那就是为什么她所有的毛衣都是橙色的。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项fruit意为“水果”；B选项color意为“颜色”；C选项juice意为“果汁”。由句意可知本题选择B。（知识拓展）注意本题题干中orange一词，orange作名词，意为“橙子，橙色，橙子汁”；作形容词，意为“橙色的”。 4.—Dad,what is the loudspeaker saying? —— It is to the _____ . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now . A . customers B . passengers C . members D . tourists 【答案】B

初中英语语法名词篇

初中中考英语语法（名词篇）语法总述：名词篇：名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：

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高考英语名词专项练习精选

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初中英语语法名词专项习题

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