当代国产电影片名的语言学分析
从交际翻译理论看华语电影字幕翻译—以《英雄》为例

重庆大学硕士学位论文从交际翻译理论看华语电影字幕翻译—以《英雄》为例姓名:张黎黎申请学位级别:硕士专业:外国语言学及应用语言学指导教师:范定洪2010-05摘要随着电影事业的发展和扩张,影视作品,作为一种大众文化,在跨文化交流中扮演着重要的角色,而影视翻译是进行此交流过程的关键因素。
影视翻译作为一门新兴学科,亦成为翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领地,开始受到翻译界的关注。
首先,影视翻译是文学翻译的一个重要分支,作为一门新兴学科的标志,必须构建自身理论体系。
影视翻译研究理论系统的建立要依赖文学翻译理论,并结合其自身特点创建一套可供研究的理论体系。
其次,在影视翻译实践中,由于电影有其自身特点,电影翻译必须兼顾这些特点。
电影翻译基本分为三种类型:字幕翻译,配音和覆盖画外音。
本文仅讨论国内影片翻译的主要形式—字幕翻译。
在参研前人研究成果的基础上,本文运用纽马克的交际翻译理论作为指导讨论华语电影的字幕翻译策略。
纽马克认为成功的翻译取决于交际效果的传达,以目的语和目的语读者为中心,使目的语读者能够最大程度获得源语读者的感受。
电影字幕的翻译不仅要考虑到观众对源语语言结构差异和文化差异的接受问题,同时结合电影字幕自身特点(瞬时性,画音同步等)以达到源语电影与译语观众的有效交际;基于纽马克有效交际的论述,作者总结了指导电影字幕翻译的四原则,即易读原则,节减原则,等效原则,和概括原则;最后以国产电影《英雄》为例,分析以上四个原则如何体现在译者所采用的各种翻译策略中,以论证交际翻译运用于电影字幕翻译的可行性。
本文的最终目的在于通过把纽马克的交际翻译与电影字幕特点相结合,为影视翻译理论体系的构建有一定的意义;另一方面,通过总结电影字幕翻译的原则和《英雄》字幕各种翻译策略,指导国产电影的字幕翻译实践,促进中国电影事业在海外市场的蓬勃发展。
关键词:影视翻译,电影字幕翻译,交际翻译理论,电影字幕翻译原则,翻译策略ABSTRACTAs film industry increasingly booms and expands in overseas markets, film, as a form of mass cultural products, plays an important role in cross-culture exchanges and communications to which translation is the key element. As a newly flourished subject, the study of film translation becomes more and more significance and begins to attract more and more attention in translation studies.Scholars and experts have been struggling to build its own theoretical framework for film translation study to symbolize its independence as an important branch of translation studies; the establishment of theoretical framework for researching is based on literary translation theories combining its own characteristics; on the other hand, the film products posses unique characteristics that should be fully considered in the process of film translation practice.Generally, there are three types of film translation: subtitling, dubbing and voice-over. This thesis only discusses the issue of film subtitling-the dominant type of Chinese-English film translation. Based on previous researches, it applies Newmark’s communicative translation theory in Chinese-English film subtitling. Newmark claims that the successful translation is to covey communicative effect of source language; and it should be target language-oriented and target reader-oriented, making them receive the effect as close as that received on the readers of the original. There is one more aspect except for dealing linguistic and cultural differences should be considered, i.e. features of instantaneity and combination of oral speeches and images in film subtitles, to achieve such communicative effect. This thesis proposes four subtitling principles based on Newmark’s views, i.e. comprehensibility, economy, equivalent effect and generic principle. Hero is used as a case study for analyzing various subtitling strategies and discussing how these strategies reflect the proposed four subtitling principles, furthermore, in order to enforce the applicability of communicative translation theory.This thesis applies Newmark’s communicative translation theory in accordance with the characteristics of film subtitling, which is significant to establish theoretical framework in this area. And it summarizes four subtitling principles and various subtitling strategies in Hero in order to provide guidance to Chinese-English film subtitling practice and promote the development of Chinese film industry in overseas markets.Key Words: film translation; film subtitling; communicative translation theory; film subtitling principles; translation strategies.Chapter One IntroductionNowadays, communications among different countries are becoming much more frequent than ever, not only in scope of politics and economy communications but in culture communication. With the development of such frequent and all-around communications, their channels are increasingly varied. Film, as the most popular form of mass entertainment and culture-loader with a large numbers of audiences across the world plays a significant role in transmitting cultures and promoting international culture exchanges (Peng Jixiang, 2004). Therefore, when the film is shared globally, film translation bears multifold communicative functions, i.e. linguistic communication, non-linguistic communication, culture communication. It is no less complicated than the translation of literary works and should not be neglected in translation studies.1.1 Research backgroundHatim and Mason (2001) claim, “once all texts are seen as evidence of a communicative transaction taking place within a social framework, the way is open to a view of translating which is not restricted to a particular field-religious, literary, scientific—but which can include such diverse activities as film subtitling and dubbing, simultaneous interpreting, cartoon translation, abstracting and summarizing, etc” (p.2). It shows that film translation begins to be caught attention after long-term inferior to literary translation. With the development of modern science and technology, films are not only available in cinema but also in forms of DVDs, on-line videos, and they can be watched or downloaded in personal computers. Audio-visual products have become a necessary part of people’s life and can be seen everywhere in our daily lives. Most people take film-watching as mental recreation in their spare time, which pushes film industry to its prime time.As the film industry increasingly booms, it develops quickly not only in domestic market but also in broad overseas markets. When film products are ready to be exported, translation must come first before the products meet their target audiences, because most target audiences can only speak their mother language. Usually, values, thoughts, religious faith, lifestyle, even morality of a certain community can be revealed through dialogues and pictures of the film. Translation of film products is not merely linguistic transfer but the processing of such culture conventions. At present, film products are imported and exported with a great number in most countries, and theatres and on-linetheatres witness unprecedented introduction of foreign films in China. The more films are imported and exported, the more translation is conducted. Therefore, the exploration for film translation study is commenced in scholars’ researches. .Theoretically, film translation is divided into voicing-over, dubbing and subtitling in form, among which subtitling and dubbing are two main approaches. “Two approaches of film translation have been dominant: subtitling and dubbing” (Baker, 1998, p.24). “Theoretically, subtitling is a process of reproduction of film from the ‘multimodal text’ to a written text, namely, a well-finished film itself is a source text, and the target text is ‘the same’ film with subtitles” (Remael, 2001, p.16). Dubbing refers to the replacement of the original speech by a voice track which attempts to follow as closely as possible the timing phrasing and lip movements of original dialogue. (Luydken, 1991)Compared with literary translation study, film translation study is much younger because of the late birth of cinema and film. Film translation study begins earlier in western countries than in China. In early research, it is rather called “A VT translation” which is a collection of screen translation including film, domestic video, cooperate video, TV programs, online translation and offline products and services. Clearly, Film translation subordinates to A VT translation. Nowadays, with the prosperity of global film industry, the study on film translation thrives as an independent branch of A VT. Western scholar Jorge Díaz Cintas works on establishing of theoretical framework on film translation study as an integral part to translation studies; Diaz-Cintas (2004) holds that literary translation theories are not marked within their application scopes, so these theories, properly adapted, have great significance to establish film translation theories. Besides, much empirical studies have been done. The research on film translation started quite late. Before 1949, China virtually had no screen translation. After 1978, audiovisual translation began to be active and so did the studies of film translation, but there were disproportional few pioneer research works compared with the large numbers of film products imported and exported. In recent decays, large numbers of imported films swarm in China film market, most of which are dubbed or subtitled; in contrast, less domestic films are exported overseas.According to the survey once made by an authoritative , it showed that about a large number of people, accounting for more than 70%, prefer subtitled films and about 23% of people like dubbed film. In China, subtitling is the favorite film translation approach because it remains original sound track combingtranslated subtitles which is warmly welcomed by language learners, and according to Gambier, “dubbing can be up to ten times expensive than subtitling” (as cited in Zhu Jia, 2005, p.9). Therefore, subtitling is worth being explored, especially when studying Chinese-English films translation because of dominant role of subtitling. So this thesis attempts to focus on the study of Chinese-English film subtitling.1.2 The significance of the researchStudy on film translation is on its way to establish theoretical framework. In recent years, researches on film subtitling are increasing, most of which explore this issue from the perspective of functionalist translation theory, the rest of which from relevance theory or norms. They are fruitful to some extent and indeed have achieved somewhere. However, only a few of researches resort to communicative translation approach, and most of them bring the translation of English films or English film names into research issue. There is much room to do the research on Chinese-English film subtitling from the perspective of communicative translation theory. .Therefore, based on previous studies, this thesis discusses Chinese-English film subtitling from the perspective of Peter Newmark’s communicative translation theory. On the one hand, it introduces Newmark’s communicative translation theory and proves its applicability to film subtitling, which is significant to establish theoretical framework in this area.On the other hand, there are large numbers of dubbed and subtitled foreign films introduced into China, especially Hollywood films. Many of the Chinese audience have experienced the overwhelming influence of Hollywood films. One main reason for the popularity of American film is that American producers pay much attention to language transfer for foreign audience (Ji Fengju, 2007). However, only a few Chinese films are exported. And a few of these exported films are well-received, although State Radio and Television Bureau has announced new strategies for developing and expanding domestic film products and TV programs. They do have much impact on film products oversea promotion, but we can not forget that the introduction of domestic film products into foreign countries should largely depend on “translation” no matter how they are promoted or advertised (Long Qianhong, 2006). Chinese translators of audio-visual products should focus much more on Chinese-English translating and introducing domestic film into other countries (Gu Tiejun, 2005). To expand international market and to earn more applause from abroad, subtitling is very necessary and important. Thisthesis explores subtitling principles and practical subtitling strategies for Chinese films to make them receive more applause in targeting countries (native English-speaking countries), which makes certain contribution to expand domestic films exporting and eventually thrives in overseas market.1.3 Research questionsThe research is carried out in light of communicative translation theory, and it attempts to find out practical principles to guide film subtitling to ensure that TL audiences can appreciate and enjoy the film to the degree as the SL audiences do.Here are two research questions of the whole paper:1 Can communicative translation theory guide film subtitling and how to guide it?2 What specific translation strategies does the subtitler adopt in Hero? And to what extent do these strategies reflect the proposed guiding principles and how?1.4 Methodology and data collectionThe present research is based on qualitative method. A case study is also adopted to support the validity of qualitative research. Qualitative analysis is adopted to identify the applicability of communicative translation theory in film subtitling study. Four subtitling principles are derived from communicative translation and the case study with examples excerpted from Hero validates the result of qualitative analysis.The film Hero is used as a case study. Subtitles in English are transcribed from the DVD bought from Taobao on-line shop and the Chinese script is down-load from /xml/sub/3/3045.xml.1.5 Thesis structureThis thesis uses Peter Newmark’s communicative translation theory to guide the practice of film subtitling. It is totally divided into six chapters. Chapter One generally introduces the research background, the significance of the research, research questions methodology of the research as well as structure of the whole thesis; a brief review of the development of film translation study both at home and abroad is presented in Chapter Two; Chapter Three introduces the theoretical framework of the whole research-Peter Newmark’ s communicative translation theory, including its developing background and detailed and focusing points; Chapter Four proves applicability of communicative translation to film subtitling and discusses the application of it byadding introduction of film subtitling characteristics, and in this chapter, four principles are proposed based on both theoretical framework and film subtitling characteristics to guide film subtitling practice; Chapter Five gives a successful subtitling film example, Hero and analyzes its subtitling strategies under the guidance of the four proposed principles to support the previous discussion in Chapter Four; Chapter Six is the conclusions of the whole thesis.M.A. Dissertation of Chongqing University Chapter Two Literature reviewChapter Two Literature reviewThis chapter provides a brief review of the literature both in audiovisual translation (AVT) and the specific field of AVT film translation in western countries and China. Relevant definitions and inter-relations are given.2.1 Audiovisual translation and film translationIn the opening paragraph of her introduction to the Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Baker comments, “in the early 1990s many had begun to see ‘Translation Studies’ as an exciting new discipline, perhaps the discipline of the 1990s. As a part of this revolution, few can deny that the one of the branches that has received the greatest impetus is audiovisual translation (AVT)” (Diaz-Cintas, 2001, p.200). Up to now, “AVT” is regarded as a collection of screen translation which includes film, domestic video, cooperate video, TV programs, online translation and offline products and services. Therefore, film translation, conducting the translation of domestic or foreign films, does not equal to AVT but one of the most popular forms subordinate to AVT. The study of AVT is relatively new in the field of translation studies, lagging behind literary translation study. Even the wider field AVT enclosing film translation as only a small part is in the dark not mention the study of film translation. As one of the embranchment of AVT, it is far from adequate in sphere of translation studies, and needs large and deep exploration.Up till now, western studies and domestic studies on film subtitling, one of major approaches of film translation have been flourishing. A certain number of scholars’ researches made remarkable contribution to this field.2.2 Studies in western countriesWestern scholars began to devote to film translation studies much earlier than Chinese scholars. Nowadays film translation studies are flourishing in western European countries. It is publicly recognized that Istvan Fodor was a pioneer of film translation studies. His researching results published in 1976 which studies film translation from linguistics, semeiology, aesthetics, and psychology was the first systematic one in film translation studies then (Dong Haiya, 2007). In the following decades, researches on this area became prosperous. 1990s witnessed the golden time for film translation studies. During this period, more and more academic papers and latest researching results were published in international translation journals, and theresearch extension and depth of those investigation were drawn more attention ever than before; many non-profit organizations such as ESIST (European Association for Studies in Screen Translation) had been increasingly established; international conferences were held to discuss the topics on this area every year.Many western scholars have had controversial opinions on which is advantageous form, subtitling or dubbing since in early research. This is not simple argument about film translation form; it closely relates to national politics, economy, culture, ideology, import and export policies of films, etc. Film subtitling and dubbing are just two different conventions for different countries, which come into being through co-working of above social elements (ibid). The author mainly focuses on introduction of the development of subtitling research at home and abroad.2.2.1 Several perspectives of western researches on film subtitlingWestern scholars have been struggling to establish theoretical framework for film translation studies for years. One of the theoretical perspectives for studying film subtitling in western countries is polysystem. This theory is sufficiently flexible to allow talking of film polysystem, which embodies impact of national politics, cultural features, the proportion of imported and exported products and censoring of government and distributing agency of film products. Subtitling is studied on the background of poly social conventions. One of the representative researches from this perspective is conducted by Karamitroglou. He (Karamitroglou, 2000) attempts to analyze the relationship among producers of imported products in Greece, subtitled products and supposed viewership to search a way for studying target language system. Fotios Karamitoglou (2001) also takes a close look at the practice and reasons behind subtitling children’s television programs from the perspective of polysystem.Norms are also welcomed by western scholars when they are conducting film subtitling research. The different norms, postulated by Toury and reworked by Hermans, are understood as the central element in the translation process and they account for the relationship that exists among the rules of the abstract and modeling society and the idiosyncrasies of each translator, with change and not the same throughout history. “This new approach accepts translated texts without judging their solutions as correct or incorrect. It seeks to explain why a particular equivalence has been reached and what this means in the historical context” (Diaz-Cintas, 2004, p.26).Another important perspective of western researches on film subtitling is translation strategies study. Scholars who take this perspective as the researching pointof departure study translation problems and strategies in film subtitling from such theoretical views as pragmatics, relevance theory and reception theory, etc (Dong Haiya, 2007). Although western scholars are struggling to establish theoretical framework for film translation study, present literary translation theories may shed light on their exploration. Therefore, certain literary translation theories can be appropriately applied in film subtitling study and contribute to establishment of theoretical framework of film translation. Such researches usually integrate text (film subtitles) analysis to discuss various translation strategies such as condensation, deletion and domestication of culture terms in subtitling films; how to deal with humor, satire, allusion and metaphor in tranlating subtitles, etc. Pelsmaekers and Besien’s (2002) research Subtitling Irony: Blackadder in Dutch is among such researches on how to deal with the translation of humor from the perspective of translation strategies study.2.2.2 Some distinguished figures and their researchesAnne Jackel (2003) examines assumptions about specific target audiences made by film-makers and subtitlers and their implications in political, cultural, and economic terms. Based on globalization and postglobalization communication theories, theories of register and genre and audience-based reception studies, he explores to what extent these assumptions play a role not only in multimedia translation but also in the reception of one film in various countries. His studies suggest what might have happened if the subtitlers had taken a more decisive role in adapting film to the target culture. And he believes if it did so, the film might have more easily overcome differences between original and target cultures and posted not only a solid artistic performance but an economic one as well.Jorge Díaz Cintas (2001) introduces a method of subtitling quality control, namely the use of a good dialogue list. Diaz-Cintas divides the factors that impinge on the quality of subtitles in three loose categories. Some of the problems are of physical nature, which are easily overcome. The working conditions under which the subtitler is forced to work is at least important in determining the quality and the end product. The third category derives from the actual linguistic transfer and he introduces different types of dialogue list with an example of a complete list.Henrik Gottlieb started his research on subtitling in 1990s, and he mainly dealt with the linguistic dimensions of subtitles, the translation of idioms from English to Danish. Henrik Gottlieb (2001) studies the choices translators make in the Danish subtitling of English-language television programs. A systematic case study is carriedout on the types and frequencies of Anglicism by comparing two American films, Falling Down and Ghostbusters. Gottlieb analyzes the ubiquity of Anglicism and finds out several reasons for that. He argues that the strong English presence in practically all world languages has strongly influenced target language word choices. Besides, Gottlieb co-worked with Yves Gambier and compiled the book (Multi) media Translation: Concepts, Practices and Research, which is a collection of twenty-six articles on latest researches in the field of audiovisual translation2.3 Domestic studies of film subtitlingIn contrast to domestic literary translation studies, the research on film translation started quite late. Before 1949, China virtually had no screen translation. After 1978, audiovisual translation began to be active and so did the studies of this area then. However, there are still a few pioneer research works.2.3.1 Studies on subtitling problems and strategiesAmong these researches, the most outstanding article is written by Zhang Chunbai and he published his research issues On Film Translation and TV Translation in Chinese Translators Journal in 1998. In his article, Zhang (1998) discusses two features of the language of films and TV works; immediacy and popularity, in view of which he summarizes the nature, principle and technique of film and TV translation. In addition, he mentions the methods of translating cultural factors and puns in films. His research was one of the few early ones on film translation published in Chinese Translator Journal.Later Qian Shaochang (2000) published his essay Film Translation and TV Translation-The increasingly Important Field in Translation Garden in Chinese Translators Journal in 2000. He divides the characteristics of film subtitling into five types: audibility, comprehensiveness, immediacy, popularity and no-note and summarizes seven concrete techniques, emphasizing expressiveness of Yan Fu’ s threefold criteria.Another Chinese scholar Li Xingyun (2001) gives a detailed analysis of the features of film subtitles in his article Strategies for Translating Subtitles; he points out that because the subtitle translation practice is subject to time and spatial constraints, the reductive strategy of translation is preferred in translating subtitle: condensation, reductive paraphrasing and deletion.Zhao Chunmei (2001), an experienced editor of the International Department ofCCTV, analyzes the four main conflicting demands faced by a translator in the process of translation—length vs. content, word order vs. picture order, naturalization vs. alienation and transliteration vs. semantic translation. Based on the spatial and length constraints, Zhao suggests ways of resolving these conflicts in the essay Translation into Chinese of Film Scripts and Scripts of TV Drama Series-Four Main Conflicting Demands in 2002.Besides, scholar Ma Zhengqi, with the experience of audiovisual translation practice, published his book in 2005 outline for film translation which is one of the few famous books on audiovisual translation studies. Ma (1998, 2000) discusses the strategies for film translation from various perspectives such as communication studies, semiology, and hermeneutics; and explores the art of translation from the perspective of aesthetics in this book.Chen Shengjie (2004) summarizes the factors that affect the quality of subtitling as follows: film pirating, uncontrollable outsourced projects, economic factors and linguistic factors. He focuses on linguistic factors and analyzes the linguistic dimensions of subtitling from the following aspects: brevity and clarity, double-lined subtitling, omission, punctuation, structural discrepancy, and swearwords. He claims that subtitle should be as short and comprehensible as possible and the strategies of condense, using simple expressions, stock phrase, collocations, and Arabic numerals, restricting the length of the subtitles, omitting punctuation marks, shifting register, etc. could enhance the brevity.2.3.2 Communicative translation theory and film subtitlingThere is little literature on researching film subtitling from the perspective of communicative translation theory in journal in China, and the literature in this thesis on application of communicative translation theory to film subtitling mainly derives from M.A. theses.Studies on English subtitling strategies on ‘In the Mood for Love’ and Translation and Promotion of Chinese Movies in the World Market written by Long Qianhong summarizes several subtitling strategies the subtitler adopts and Long (2006) states that such strategies are deeply theoretically rooted in communicative translation theory. However, Long only mentions that domestication of In the Mood for Love is theoretically based on Newmark’s communicative translation theory, but he does not further explore how communicative translation theory guides such subtitling strategies.Gao (2007) discusses applying communicative translation theory to deal with thelinguistic and cultural barriers in subtitling English-Chinese film.Wu (2003) discusses communicative translation method and semantic translation method in film translation (her study focuses on dubbing) can entertaining function of film, with semantic translation as auxiliary method for communicative translation method.Zhu (2005) suggests the approach of communicative translation theory towards dubbing English feature films into Chinese.The author referred to library and on-line data bases and found several film subtitling researches above from the perspective of Newmark’s communicative translation theory. Based on previous research fruits, it proves the feasibility of applying communicative to film subtitling. Unlike Wu and Zhu, the present research will apply communicative translation to subtitling and unlike Gao, the present research will deal with translation strategies guided by communicative translation theory in subtitling Chinese-English film.2.4 Summary of previous studies and proposal of research topic of this thesisThe previous studies both at home and abroad almost cover every aspect of film subtitling. The perspectives of film subtitling studies in western countries are deep and extensive. Western studies are generally conducted from the social, political, ideological and economical perspectives. And the studies on subtitling strategies are also included in their theoretical framework researches; in such researches some literary translation theories are used to discuss translation problems and strategies in subtitling film, such as relevance theory and reception theory. Empirical studies about film subtitling in western countries are abundant and fruitful. As for domestic researches, characteristics of film language and translation problems in the process of subtitling film and various strategies for English-Chinese film subtitling are studied with great efforts.It is one of the theoretical research trends to resort to literary translation theories to establish theoretical framework of film translation study in western countries; and research on exploring translation strategies from various mature theories is also advocated in western countries. However, seldom have researches explored Peter Newmark’s communicative translation theory as theoretical fundament to study subtitling strategies. Besides, most of their researches tend to make a survey of film products among European countries and nearly exclude Chinese films. In China, most scholars tend to explore the English-Chinese subtitling strategies and exploration for。
电影语言学

非电影特有的、社会文化中存在的
符码,如政治、社会、商业和习俗方面的符码
)
;共性符码
(
如电影表演和戏剧表演共有的手势动作、电影与照相共有的明暗对
比和逆光、与绘画艺术共有的构图、色彩、线条和形态
)
;次符码
(
如
“
分句法
”
是对所有影片都有效的约定规则,而
“
切
”
、
“
划
”
、
“
渐显渐隐
”
等范畴对于
“
分句法
”
而言就是次符码;支配某类型影片特有的表现手段的规律可视为次符码,表演也可以分为现实
(
syntagmatique
)
概念:非时序性组合段、顺时序性组合段、平行组合段、
插入组合段、描述组合段、叙事组合段、交替叙事组合段、线性叙事组合段。意大利符号学家温别尔托
·
艾
柯提出了电影影像三层分节说:图像、符号、意素;动态
影素
、动态图像、动素,并且从
“
影像即符码
”
这一
激进的观念出发,制定了影像的十大符号系统:感知符码、认识符码、传输符码
运用结构语言学的研究方法,
分析电影作品的结构
形式。
1964
年,法国学者克利斯蒂安·麦茨的《电影:语言还是泛言语》一书的发表标志着电影符
虽不同于一般语言,但同样是运用符号系统的。电影符号学以瑞士结构主义语言学家索绪尔的理论为基础,它的研究重点是外
延和叙事,主张宏观结构分析与微观结构分析并重。
70
年代,电影符号学对西方电影理论有重大影响。
80
年代开始,电影符号
学在西方电影学界引起批评和争议。
电影《傲慢与偏见》的社会语言学分析

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从社会语言学角度看电影《窈窕淑女》

2162019年09期总第449期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS从社会语言学角度看电影《窈窕淑女》文/吕 琳【摘要】电影《窈窕淑女》讲述的是一位名叫伊莉莎的下层阶级卖花女,在语音学教授希金斯的帮助下,通过改变自己的语言和行为,变成了一位美丽优雅的淑女。
本文旨在从社会语言学的角度对电影进行研究,即从方言包括地域方言与社会方言、语言与社会阶层、权力与团结方面来探讨语言与社会的关系。
【关键词】社会语言学;方言;社会阶层;权力与团结 【作者简介】吕琳(1991-),女,汉族,河南人,西安翻译学院,助教,研究生,研究方向:外国语言学及应用语言学。
所有的人,被认为是一位外国公主。
不可否认,语言对一个人有很大的影响;它是反映一个人社会阶层的重要参数,是判断一个人社会身份的重要方法。
四、权力与团结说话人的某些语言选择表明说话人认为他与听者之间存在的社会关系。
根据Brown和Gilman (1960)的研究,“权力”反映了相对优越的地位、社会距离、不熟悉。
“团结”反映了亲密、熟悉、共同的经历。
普遍的共识似乎是男性更关心权力,女性更关心团结(Wardhaugh, 2000, p. 141)。
对男人来说,谈话是一种谈判,在这种谈判中,人们尽可能地取得并保持上风,并保护自己不受他人的压制和摆布。
相反,对于女性来说,对话是一种亲密的谈判,人们试图在对话中寻求并给予肯定和支持,并达成共识。
他们试图保护自己不被别人推开(Hudson, 2000, p.141)。
在影片中,伊莉莎和希金斯教授说话的方式截然不同,伊莉莎温柔、礼貌、合作,而希金斯教授则犀利、直来直去,有时甚至粗鲁无礼。
他说话通常不考虑伊莉莎,只说他想说的,既不礼貌又显得粗鲁。
五、结语本文从社会语言学的角度对电影《窈窕淑女》进行了解读研究,主要从方言、社会阶层、权力和团结方面进行了分析。
这部电影为我们提供了一个生动有趣的例证,让我们更好地理解语言和社会的关系,看到它们是如何相互影响的。
隐喻与传承:《夺冠》的符号学解析

2022/7下文艺直通车热播冷评隐喻与传承:《夺冠》的符号学解析阴黄莉张娟摘要:《夺冠》作为2020年颇受关注的体育电影,它的出现为国产体育电影注入了新的力量,引发了观众对“女排精神”的热议。
文章以电影符号学为视角,对电影中的场景、人物、意象进行解析,探讨其符号背后的深刻内涵。
关键词:《夺冠》符号学场景人物意象《夺冠》是陈可辛导演北上后的又一部大作,作为成功转型的香港导演,他以独特的视角聚焦社会热点,用作品见证中国的开放与崛起,通过讲述中国女排近四十年的拼搏历程感动了所有人。
正如陈可辛导演自己所说的:“女排精神加上改革开放,给了我们的电影最美的土壤。
”法国学者麦茨作为符号学理论的奠基人,他的符号学理论对于电影研究具有重大意义,电影符号的应用是为了更好地服务于影片表意功能的发挥,而《夺冠》也因具有大量隐喻和象征意义的影像符号而变得内涵深刻。
电影与符号学“‘符号’向人们传递一种可以进行迅速知觉检索的简单信息,是一种视觉的图像,也是一种象征物。
”二十世纪六十年代随着结构主义思潮运动的兴起,电影符号学应运而生。
麦茨在《电影:语言还是言语》一文中,第一次将索绪尔的结构主义语言学与电影研究相结合,为电影研究提供了一种新的思路,电影符号学就此诞生。
电影作为符号系统囊括了图像、镜头、语言、文字、音乐及音响等,被视作一种独特的文化存在,是一种综合性的符号系统,同时电影中的符号又具有象征性,丰富了作品的文化意义和内涵。
本文通过引入符号学相关原理,试图在此基础上对国产主旋律电影《夺冠》进行解析,分析作品中的符号学意义,解读导演所传达的深刻的文化内涵。
主旋律电影“主旋律”最早运用于音乐艺术领域,指的是音乐曲子里多个旋律中起主导作用的段落,主旋律是音乐作品的主要曲调,其余段落的声调主要起陪衬及烘托的作用。
随后,“主旋律”一词在二十世纪八十年代被学者运用在电影领域,指的是能够充分展现国家主流思想与意识形态的电影作品,比如表现中国革命史重要事件的电影作品,或表现百姓身边事件的现实主题的电影作品。
《2024年从电影片名看翻译中的归化和异化》范文

《从电影片名看翻译中的归化和异化》篇一一、引言电影作为一种国际化的艺术形式,其片名的翻译对于电影的传播和接受至关重要。
在电影片名的翻译过程中,归化和异化是两种常见的翻译策略。
归化强调文化适应和读者友好性,而异化则更注重保留原片的异国风情和文化特色。
本文将探讨归化和异化在电影片名翻译中的应用,并分析其优劣。
二、归化在电影片名翻译中的应用归化是指在电影片名翻译中,尽量使译文符合译入语的文化习惯和表达方式,以实现更好的文化适应和读者友好性。
这种翻译策略有助于降低观众对电影的认知难度,提高其接受度。
以电影《红楼梦》为例,其英文片名被翻译为“Dream of the Red Mansions”。
这个译文将原片名中的文化内涵以更易懂的方式呈现出来,符合西方观众的认知习惯。
此外,电影《卧虎藏龙》的英文名“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”也是归化策略的典型案例,通过直译和意译相结合的方式,将原片名中的文化元素巧妙地转化为英文表达。
三、异化在电影片名翻译中的应用与归化相反,异化强调在电影片名翻译中保留原片的异国风情和文化特色。
这种翻译策略有助于展现原片的独特魅力,吸引具有不同文化背景的观众。
例如,电影《霸王别姬》的英文片名被翻译为“Farewell My Concubine”,这个译文保留了原片名的音译元素,同时也传达了原片的文化内涵。
此外,电影《活着》的英文名“To Live”也是异化策略的体现,将原片名的内涵直接转化为英文表达,呈现出强烈的艺术性和文化气息。
四、归化和异化的优劣分析归化和异化各有优劣。
归化策略的优点在于文化适应性和读者友好性高,能够降低观众对电影的认知难度,提高接受度。
然而,过度归化可能导致原片的文化特色被淡化或丧失,使得观众无法领略到原片的独特魅力。
异化策略则能更好地保留原片的异国风情和文化特色,展现出独特的艺术和文化魅力。
然而,过度异化也可能导致译文的陌生感和晦涩感,使得观众难以理解和接受。
多模态话语分析视角下电影字幕翻译研究——以电影《绿里奇迹》为例
ENGLISH ON CAMPUS2023年27期总第675期多模态话语分析视角下电影字幕翻译研究——以电影《绿里奇迹》为例摘 要:本文以多模态话语分析理论框架为指导,采用定性研究的方法,从文化层面、语境层面、内容层面与表达层面对电影《绿里奇迹》的字幕翻译进行研究,分析图像,声音文字等符号系统的相互作用机制与所构成的整体意义,探究电影中语言与非语言之间关系,进而提炼多模态条件下字幕翻译核心思想与具体策略。
研究发现字幕翻译要充分考虑语境,目的语观众文化及电影中的声与画,以使目的语观众理解意义为导向,呈现与电影中其他符号系统完美适配的译制文字。
关键词:多模态话语分析;字幕翻译;《绿里奇迹》;电影作者简介:许芳菲,刘骥,吉林大学外国语学院。
一、引言《绿里奇迹》(Green Mile)是由弗兰克·德拉邦特(FrankDarobont)执导并于1999年上映的悬疑电影,影片讲述美国大萧条时期负责管理监狱死囚区的狱警保罗认识了被误判死刑的黑囚约翰·科菲,并最终得到救赎的故事。
影片充满对人性的探讨与反思,它既揭露了人类社会的阴暗一面,又阐述了尊重生命是人性中神圣至纯的崇高境界。
面对全球化进程,“人类命运共同体”概念被提出,而推动文化交流互鉴是构建人类命运共同体的重要一环,电影作为文化与价值观的载体,在沟通文明方面有着显著作用。
本文以美国经典电影《绿里奇迹》为研究对象,从多模态话语分析视角,采用定性研究方法,分析听觉模态与视觉模态中各符号系统间的作用方式与所聚合成的整体意义,从而提炼出多媒体视角下电影字幕的翻译思想与策略。
二、理论基础多模态话语指运用听觉、视觉、触觉等多种感觉,通过语言、图像、声音、动作等多种手段和符号资源进行交际的现象。
国外最早对多模态进行分析的是法国学者Roland Barthes,1977年,他在Rhetoric of the Image一文中探讨了图像与语言在意义的构建中的相互作用。
视觉语法视角下电影《山楂树之恋》中意象“山楂树”的多模态话语分析
视觉语法视角下电影《山楂树之恋》中意象“山楂树”的多模态话语分析曹赞美陕西师范大学外国语学院,陕西省西安市710061一、引言现代技术的发展使得人与人之间的沟通方式不再局限于一种纯文字的表达,还受非语言因素的影响。
多模态话语不只将语篇分析限定在语言文字层面,还包括非语言符号等在内,指导受众理解语篇意义。
[1] 电影作为一种媒介,承载了多重社会意义与文化内涵,非语言因素的存在成为构建意义和传递信息的媒介。
本文以韩礼德的功能语言学和克瑞斯和勒文的视觉语法作为理论基础,以电影《山楂树之恋》为例,着眼于影片中的意象“山楂树”,进行多模态话语分析,旨在为观众赏析影片话语意义提供全新的视角,更好地欣赏电影,理解电影主题。
一、多模态话语分析的介绍及理论基础语言学家韩礼德提出语言具有三种元语言功能,概念、人际和语篇功能。
概念功能也称为信息功能,指语言对人们在现实世界中的经历与体验的一种表达,对两个及以上的意义单位进行表达的功能。
人际功能指语言有着表达讲话者的身份、动机与态度的功能,并对这一事物进行判断与评论。
语篇功能是指将不完整的语句组织成完整的语句,以表达句子完整的意义[2]国外多位学者在对韩礼德系统功能语言学的基础上进行深入学习与探讨,将其推向新的阶段。
勒文(2006)对多模态话语理论进行完善,构建多模态话语意义,认为语言以外的非语言符号的存在也是组成语篇意义的重要元素,形成视觉语法。
实现多模态与媒体的结合,对传递信息很重要。
媒体的存在是模态产生的基础,从某种角度讲,没有媒体也就没有模态,因为任何形式的模态以一定的物质形式,如声音等某种形式作为载体。
[3]视觉语法视角下,确定不同视觉媒体之间能够相互配合。
影片最后,老三身患重病,躺在床上,无法言语。
眼睛直望天花板时,如果没有语境的设置,画面的移动、脸上没有任何表情时,我们观众是无法猜测老三是望着病房顶棚贴着老三和静秋灿烂笑容的照片。
导演在向观众展现一个片段时,如果无法说清楚,就需要其他媒体的配合。
从语言学角度分析电影《My-Fair-Lady》
从语言学来看《窈窕淑女》《窈窕淑女》是根据萧伯纳小说改编的一部电影,其中,奥黛丽赫本扮演女主人公伊莉莎——一个美丽但口音怪异、行为粗鄙的街头卖花女,她的嗓音引起了语言学家希金斯教授的注意,他和好友打赌,经过他的训练,卖花女也可以成为贵夫人。
他从最基本的字母发音开始对伊莉莎密集训练,在6个月后的一次重大舞会上,伊莉莎谈吐不凡,气质高雅,成为焦点。
学过语言学,再看这部影片,发现很多耐人寻味的语言现象。
从语言角度来看,卖花女伊莉莎的嗓音被希金斯教授称为“如小鸡在粮仓里咯咯叫”,“她发的每一个音都不适当,她应该被吊死因为她无情地谋杀了英语”。
从语音分析四的个方面(音高,音重,音长,音质)来解析伊莉莎的自身语音系统,她有着与其成长环境一致的发音习惯,比如,她会把“以为”发成“以味”的音,经常读错重音,会把[ə:]发成[ə],把[z]发成[T] close cloth breeze breathe。
自由的生活环境和卖花女身份更丰富的了她的发音方式。
这让教授初教她发音字母时头疼不已。
从语法角度来看,伊莉莎的表达更是自由,她会说“两元一支”而不是“一枝花的价格是两元”。
这是一个紧缩句,或者是种语言的变换。
而教授要她学严谨优雅的英语语法,这对她来说无疑很困难。
从词汇和语言发展角度来看,首先是口语和书面语,伊莉莎会说“喝水”而不是“饮水”,说“脑袋”而不是“头颅”;其次是社会方言,她的圈子里说“盐巴”而上层社会会说“食盐”。
赫本的另一部电影《罗马假日》中,标志性的上层语言暴露了她的公主身份。
这些都是和她的职业、阶层相适应的。
包括她说话时的体态、表情广义上应该属于一种语言方式。
但教授的训练要她从词汇到体态甚至表情做全方位的转换,这是对一个成长于社会底层的她的折磨。
从各方面来讲,这注定是一次艰难的蜕变。
宏观上来讲,影片侧重的更是语言的阶级性方面,伊莉莎做这些改变的根源就是社会上下层在语言上有差别。
但语言本身不分贵贱,政治的贵贱之分给它抹上了势力的色彩。
关联理论与国产电影片名翻译
关联理论与国产电影片名翻译【摘要】本文探讨了关联理论在国产电影片名翻译中的应用。
首先介绍了关联理论的基本概念,然后分析了关联理论在国产电影片名翻译中的具体运用方式。
接着探讨了国产电影片名翻译的特点及关联理论对其的启示。
通过案例分析,论证了关联理论为国产电影片名翻译提供了新思路,并指出国产电影片名翻译需要更多关注关联理论的运用。
最后展望了未来关联理论在国产电影片名翻译中的发展前景,强调了其在提升片名翻译质量和效果方面的重要作用。
本文呼吁翻译工作者在实践中更加注重关联理论的运用,以促进国产电影片名翻译的进一步提升和发展。
【关键词】关联理论、国产电影、片名翻译、基本概念、应用、特点、启示、案例分析、新思路、运用、发展、关键词1. 引言1.1 介绍关联理论与国产电影片名翻译关联理论是一个重要的翻译理论,它是指翻译中各个语言单元之间存在的联系与关联。
在翻译领域中,关联理论被广泛运用于研究和实践中,尤其在国产电影片名翻译中发挥了重要作用。
国产电影片名翻译是将中国电影的片名翻译成外语片名的一项重要工作,它涉及到语言、文化、审美等多个方面,因此需要借助关联理论进行翻译和解读。
关联理论可以帮助翻译者更好地理解源语言和目标语言之间的关系,从而更准确地传达电影的主题和情感。
在国产电影片名翻译中,翻译者可以通过利用关联理论中的关联关系和语境信息,选择出更具有吸引力和表现力的片名。
关联理论还可以帮助翻译者解决翻译中的问题,准确把握电影的内涵和表达方式,使翻译更加符合观众的审美需求。
关联理论在国产电影片名翻译中的应用具有重要意义,它为翻译者提供了新的思路和方法,使翻译更加准确、生动、丰富。
在接下来的探讨中,我们将更深入地了解关联理论在国产电影片名翻译中的具体运用和启示。
2. 正文2.1 关联理论的基本概念关联理论,又称为语义关联理论,是一种认知心理学理论,主要用于解释人类记忆中信息的组织和存储方式。
关联理论认为,人类的记忆是通过不同概念之间的关联来建立和存储的。
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当代国产电影片名的语言学分析作者:吴萍刘缓缓来源:《电影评介》2014年第18期【作者简介】吴萍,女,湖南慈利人,中南林业科技大学政法学院讲师,湖南师范大学文学院博士生,主要从事汉语言文字学、影视语言艺术的研究;刘缓缓,女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,中南林业科技大学汉语言专业本科生。
【基金项目】本文系中南林业科技大学青年科学基金项目《论当代国产影视剧片名之语言艺术》(编号:2012QY04)阶段性成果。
电影《致我们终将逝去的青春》海报一部影片能否吸引观众,片名的好坏总是起到了至关重要的作用。
在电影前期宣传的广告海报上,片名总是置于一个十分醒目的位置,直接起着“导视”作用,并时刻充斥着观众的眼球,被观众反复诵读和口头传递。
因此,片名既是影片的品牌商标,概括影片内容、揭示影片主题,又是一种独特的语言形式,必定要接受语言规则的制约。
笔者随机收集500部21世纪中国影片,拟从语言学的角度分析当代中国电影片名的语音、词汇、语法、修辞等四个方面的语言特点。
一、当代国产电影片名的语音特点语音是语言的外在形式,电影片名总是通过一定的语音形式表达出来,读起来朗朗上口、易读易记是关键。
下文将从音节构成和音节韵律两方面分析当代中国电影的语音特点。
(一)片名的音节构成电影片名的音节构成数目不等,包括单音节、双音节、三音节、四音节及以上等众多情况。
具体情况见表1:从表1中可以看出,片名的音节数目多集中在二、三、四和五个音节,这四种音节形式的片名加起来高达397部,共占79.4%,另如十个音节的《致我们终将逝去的青春》也经常被缩略为三音节片名《致青春》。
单音节过于简单无法完整准确的表达电影主题,五个音节以上的片名又过于冗杂。
因而片名应多选择既简洁明晰又鲜明生动的音节形式。
(二)片名的音节韵律特点汉语历来讲究音韵协调,注重词语锤炼,目的在于寻求恰当的词语,使表达更有声音美。
“词语的声音美体现在:音节整齐匀称,声调平仄相间,韵脚和谐自然以及叠音词语与双声叠韵词语的恰当运用等方面。
”[1]电影在命名时也同样注重音韵协调、追求声音美,主要体现在以下几个方面:表1 21世纪以来国产电影片名音节构成数目统计表音节数量片名数量百分比举例一个音节20.4%爱门两个音节7815.6%画皮赤壁英雄风声三个音节6813.6%集结号听风者大上海四个音节18136.2%辛亥革命王的盛宴五个音节7014%我爱灰太狼消失的子弹六个音节244.8%厨子、戏子、痞子杜拉拉升职记七个音节183.6%喜羊羊与灰太狼满城尽带黄金甲八个音节41.2%十二星座离奇事件心急吃不了热豆腐九个音节20.4%一个陌生女人的来信十个音节及以上20.4%致我们终将逝去的青春1.声调平仄相间。
平仄是汉语的声调分类,平仄格式是中国传统诗词中的用调格式。
古四声为平、上、去、入,其中上去入三个声调为仄声。
在现代汉语里,入声消失,平声为阴平、阳平,仄声为上声、去声。
平仄在律诗中有规律的交替使用,使诗词音调抑扬起伏,产生悦耳动听的音乐美。
电影片名在命名时同样注意了平仄变化,充分利用汉语语音的特点,使片名具有音乐美感。
如(平平仄仄式)《非诚勿扰》、《真枪假证》;(仄仄平平式)《大笑江湖》、《赵氏孤儿》;(仄平仄仄式)《见龙御甲》、《大兵小将》;(平仄平平式)《十月围城》、《一代宗师》等。
也有少数片名没有平仄相间,如《让我为你靠点谱》则为仄仄仄仄式。
这样的片名节奏起伏不明显,虽然对影片内容的概括没有影响,但是缺少了音乐美,削弱了电影的宣传效果。
2.韵脚和谐自然。
古人写文章常用押韵,即韵文中每句的末尾用同韵的字,韵脚和谐自然。
相同的韵形成周期性的重复,使受众在听觉上感受回环美。
从心理学方面看,当人们所期待的事物得到实现时,内心会产生愉悦感和美感。
电影在命名时充分利用了这一点,讲究押韵,加强表达和传播效果。
如《赤壁》押“i”韵;《风声》押“eng”的韵;《寒战》押“an”的韵。
除了两个音节的简单连续押韵,还有多音节的间隔押韵,如《喜羊羊与灰太狼》间隔押“ang”韵等。
3.谐音的使用。
谐音是一种使用近音或同音词达成目的的语音修辞手段,谐音恰当的使用可以增强电影片名的表达效果,起到双关的作用,同时提高片名语言的生动性、风趣性。
如《天作之盒》,“盒”谐音“合”,“天作之合”是称赞婚姻美满的话。
这样,片名《天作之盒》因为谐音获得了全新的意义,使观众自动产生联想。
再如以街舞为主线的电影《精舞门》利用早已在国人心中扎根的功夫爱国电影《精武门》,首先就能揽获一批精武门的粉丝观众,因为主题明确又能招揽一批对舞蹈热衷的观众。
这些片名元素成为招揽固定观众群的法宝。
4.叠音的使用。
“恰当地运用叠音词语可以突出词语的意义,加强对事物的形象描绘,增加音乐美感。
”[2]电影在命名时运用叠音的语音手段可以使片名节奏感更强。
如《我爱长发飘飘》、《夏日暖洋洋》、《甜蜜蜜》等,这些片名朗朗上口,节奏强烈。
再如《兔兔危机》,兔子用叠音“兔兔”称呼,俏皮活泼,使电影的感情基调准确地呈现在观众面前。
二、电影片名的语词分析(一)片名的语词选择片名语词从内容上分析大概有以下几种方式:1.以人物名命名。
有的是以历史人物或者英雄人物、领导命名的,如《霍元甲》、《周恩来》等;有的则是以文学作品人物命名,如《荆轲刺秦王》、《梁山伯与祝英台》等;有的则是以影片主人公命名《杜拉拉升职记》、《唐伯虎点秋香》等。
2.以文学作品名命名。
有的直接采用文学作品原名,如《牡丹亭》、《赵氏孤儿》、《长恨歌》、《鸿门宴》等;有的利用文学作品原名稍作修改,如《三枪拍案惊奇》出自“二拍”《初刻拍案惊奇》、《二刻拍案惊奇》,此类情况较少。
3.以成语、熟语命名。
如《十面埋伏》、《青出于蓝》、《游龙戏凤》、《心急吃不了热豆腐》等。
4.以影片时间、地点命名。
点明时间的《午夜心跳》、《2012》、《一九四二》等;点明地点的如《冲出亚马逊》、《太行山上》等等。
5.以新鲜语词命名。
如《人再囧途之泰囧》、《车在囧途》、《临终囧事》等。
这个字在近几年片名中的流行不仅可以体现电影的上映时间段,同时又能增加电影的时尚感。
(二)片名的语词构成国产电影片名近年来呈现多样化,在以往单纯汉语片名的基础上增加了新的形式,其组合元素也更为丰富,增加了音译词、数词等元素。
就书面上看,混合阿拉伯数字、标点符号等非文字形式,表现形式更加灵活多变。
现结合片名的书面形式将片名的语词构成统计如下:1.单一使用汉字。
此类情况较多,是主流命名方式。
如《红旗飘飘》、《保持通话》、《通天帝国》等。
2.汉字加数字。
如《第101次求婚》、《失恋33天》、《72家租客》等。
3.完全使用数字。
如《一九四二》、《2012》、《2046》等。
4.汉字加英语。
如《hold住爱》、《hello!树先生》《土婆婆pk洋媳妇》等。
5.汉字加标点。
如《厨子、戏子、痞子》、《黑蛋,快跑》、《如果·爱》等。
6.音译词。
如《阿司匹林》、《神探亨特张》、《老五的奥斯卡》等。
电影片名在形式上的灵活组合能够更好的反应影片主题或突显某一重要信息。
如电影《一九四二》完全使用数字,准确交代时间背景。
《厨子、戏子、痞子》用顿号隔开,一目了然地传达给观众此电影是围绕这三个主人公展开的。
《hold住爱》利用当下流行词汇“hold”,与时俱进,耳目一新。
三、电影片名的语法分析语法是词、短语、句子等语言单位的结构规律,笔者所收集的当代国产电影片名中,词有123个,占24.6%;短语有373个,占74.6%;句子有4个,占0.8%。
可见,由词和短语构成的片名所占比重远远超过了由句子构成的片名。
(一)词片名词是最小的能够独立运用的语言单位,可分为实词和虚词。
电影片名只以实词命名。
在本次收集的片名中,以词命名的共有123部电影,占246%。
其中以名词命名的片名最多,可大致分为四类:第一类以人名命名,如《关云长》、《梅兰芳》、《叶问》、《花木兰》、《孔子》等;第二类以事物名称命名,如《卢沟桥事变》、《手机》、《绣花鞋》等;第三类以时间名词命名,如《一九四二》、《12秒58》、《晚秋》、《后天》、《2012》等;最后一类以地点处所命名,如《赤壁》、《云水谣》、《少林寺》、《铜雀台》等。
在以词命名的影片中,动词性片名仅此于名词,如《搜索》、《逆战》、《决裂》、《洗澡》、《爱》等。
(二)短语片名短语主要分为主谓短语、动宾短语、偏正短语、中补短语、联合短语五种基本类型,此外,还有连谓,同位、兼语等短语类型。
笔者收集的当代电影片名中偏正短语占绝对优势,主谓短语次之,其次是联合短语,动宾短语相对较少。
现将这四种短语片名的情况统计如表2:表2 21世纪以来国产电影片名短语结构统计表短语类型数量(部)所占比例举例主谓短语387.6%《全球热恋》、《壮士出征》、《我愿意》《命运呼叫转移》偏正短语28957.8%《不能说的秘密》、《快乐的大脚》、《鼓手的荣耀》;《深海寻人》联合短语193.8%《大兵小将》、《甲方乙方》、《春娇与志明》《天崩地裂》动宾短语112.2%《保持通话》、《追捕野郎帮》、《走进毛泽东》(三)句子片名句子是具有一个句调、能够表达相对完整意思的语言单位。
影片在命名时较少采用句子的形式,即便采用也多以陈述句和感叹句为主,其中陈述句占绝对优势,电影常常以故事内容来命名,陈述句的选择可以有效的传达影片的基本信息,平淡自然的体现影片所要表达的感情和意义,如《大叔,我爱你!》;感叹句片名一改陈述句平实的语气,其浓烈的感情特色更容易引发影迷们强烈的共鸣,如《南京!南京!》、《Hello!树先生!》;祈使句,一般表示禁止、命令或者是请求、劝阻,这样的句子一般带有强制性,口气比较坚决强硬,如《黑蛋,快跑!》。
四、片名中使用的修辞手段分析修辞是从表达方式、表达效果的角度去分析语音、词汇、语法的运用的。
修辞在片名中的手段主要有夸张、反语、比拟、仿词等,通过这些方式积极调动语音、词汇、语法的因素从而扩大语用功能。
(一)夸张夸张目的是让对方对于创作者所要表达的内容有一个更加深刻的印象。
电影片名中运用夸张手法,使片名更加形象生动、精确贴切,同时增强了语言的艺术传播效果,给观众遐想的空间。
电影《惊涛骇浪》,“涛”、“浪”本身就是非常有气势的元素,又用“惊”和“骇”修饰,给观众营造一种紧张感十足的氛围。
《偷天陷阱》,用夸张的字眼使观众自动产生联想,“陷阱”本来就可以联想到“阴谋”,加之用“偷天”修饰,用超越客观现实的描述使观众产生强烈的好奇,这就是夸张的作用。
再比如《一夕是百年》,一朝一夕一般是指很短的时间,这里却夸张成百年,体现电影主题之深远。
类似这样的片名还有《让子弹飞》、《天崩地裂》、《万箭穿心》等。
(二)反语“反语是使用与本来意思相反的词语或句子来表达意义,其作用可以是揭露、批判、讽刺,也可以是表达风趣、幽默、诙谐等,使语言更为有力。