2010学年 第二学期 徐汇区高三年级 英语学科学习能力 诊断卷 分析
2007学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科试卷
2007学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科学习能力诊断卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分） 2008.4第一卷I.Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a drugstore. B. In a bookstore.C. In a supermarket.D. At home.2. A. 35. B. 43. C. 78. D. 113.3. A. By bus. B. By car. C. On foot. D. By phone.4. A. 4:00. B. 4:15. C. 4:45. D. 5:00.5. A. His lecture was too boring. B. His lecture was too complicated.C. He spoke too slowly.D. He spoke too fast.6. A. It was quite relaxing. B. It was unexpectedly busy.C. It was perfectly planned.D. It was quiet and peaceful.7. A. The flight has been cancelled. B. He decided to go somewhere else.C. The flight has already taken off.D. The cost of flying has been increased.8. A. They should invest in a new house.B. They shouldn‟t have moved to a new place.C. They were wise enough to move.D. They failed to make a sensible decision.9. A. His baby cried all night. B. He didn‟t sleep the whole night.C. His baby was sick.D. He was sick last night.10. A. The class didn‟t enjoy going on a field trip.B. The transportation for the trip is free.C. Some students may not go on the trip.D. Transportation is a big problem for the trip.Part B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he wants to save money. B. Because he wants to shop online.C. Because web pages load faster.D. Because personal information is protected.12. A. Download files. B. Check his emails.C. Scan the news headlines.D. Identify viruses.13. A. A digital camera. B. A mobile phone.C. Anti-virus software.D. File hosting service.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. Small cars are less expensive. B. Small cars are fun to drive.C. Small cars have better engines.D. Small cars are easier to handle.15. A. They want powerful engines. B. They enjoy having long trips.C. They have a variety of choices.D. They like bigger, heavier cars.16. A. The price of gasoline has been going up in Europe and USA.B. Europeans and Americans show preference for different cars.C. Economical lightweight cars are popular in the world today.D. Europeans and Americans have different driving habits.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversationⅡ. Grammar and Vocabulary25. When the movie star shook hands with him, he felt as if he were walking ________ air.A. inB. byC. onD. under26. In order to let the public become familiar with the new products, they spare ______ labour nor money to make huge billboards（广告牌）.A. fewB. eitherC. littleD. neither27. How close parents are to their children ________ a strong influence on the character of their children.A. haveB. hasC. havingD. to have28. My little brother John knows little physics, and ________ of chemistry.A.even moreB. still lessC. more lessD. still more29. This newly-built stadium holds ________ the old one.A. 10 times people as many asB. 10 times as many people asC. as 10 times many people asD. people as many as 10 times30. Let us take a serious, reasonable look as what the result will be if such a proposal ________.A. acceptsB. has acceptedC. is acceptedD. will be accepted31. The train was ten minutes late, so I ________ have run all the way to the station.A. couldn‟tB. shouldn‟tC. needn‟tD. mustn‟t32. Brian told you there wasn‟t anyone in the room at that time, ________?A.was thereB. wasn‟t thereC. did heD. didn‟t he33. True friendship is like sound health. The value of it is seldom known ________ it is lost.A. whenB. thoughC. untilD. since34. I‟m examining the article he has just finished ________ the possible mistakes in it.A. correctingB. to correctC. correctedD. being corrected35. __________, but he still couldn‟t understand the logical connection of the two subjects.A. Having told many timesB. Having been told many timesC. He was told many timesD. Many times as he was told36. __________ for young men to give their seats to the old or women with children on the bus!A. How good manners they areB. What good manners they areC. How good manners it isD. What good manners it is37. I felt like going back to my worry-free childhood ________ I was innocent and natural and myvery ambitious youth which was full of ideals.A.thatB. whichC. whenD. while38. Join us on an exciting Circle Line Cruise and discover_______ over 50 million people havechosen Circle Line as the way to discover New York.A. whenB. whetherC. ifD. why39. Because of the unexpected changes, they postponed ________ us a reply.A. to giveB. givingC. to givingD. given40. Although first ________ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Jane Austin have remainedpopular around the world.A. publishingB. being publishedC. publishedD. was publishedComplete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.College sports, especially football and basketball, are a big industry. Nationally rated teams and television broadcast rights can be worth millions of dollars.This could be seen as a good ___(41)___ all around. Colleges invest in their players and, in return, the schools earn money and attention. The athletes often get a free education. And they gain ___(42)___ that might lead to a chance to play professionally.But critics ___(43)___ the morality of a situation where college athletes may seem ___(44)___ more as athletes than as college students. Praise is heard for recent improvements in graduation rates. Yet critics say that some players who finish college never really learn anything except their sport.Getting back to the question of how much college athletes study, a better answer would be: it all depends. The expectations and pressures on athletes ___(45)___ from school to school and sport to sport.The National Collegiate Athletic Association governs college sports in the United States. For the past few years, this organization has been increasing ___(46)___ for student athletes. College athletes are required to make ___(47)___ progress toward earning their degree. Yet finishing college is not always a ___(48)___ for students who are good enough to play professionally.Fans of American football may remember the ___(49)___ New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath. Last weekend, he graduated from the University of Alabama. He left that school forty-two years ago to play for the Jets. Now he is sixty-four, but he went back -- in part, he says, because he had promised his mother to finish his education.Ⅲ. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Job stress has been known to cause heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular(心血管) disease. Now Finnish scientists have shown that __(50)__ in healthy people the pressure of work can cause damage.High blood pressure, lack of __(51)__, smoking and being overweight __(52)__ to heart disease -- a __(53)__ killer in many industrialized countries.But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the __(54)__ histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as __(55)__ to die of heart disease, __(56)__ the study published in The British Medical Journal.Work stress __(57)__ too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and __(58)__.Many people work long hours but if the effort is __(59)__ the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is __(60)__ with little or no control, unfair supervision and few career opportunities.The British Heart Foundation said the results __(61)__ earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be at greater __(62)__ of heart disease than other employees."It is __(63)__ for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to __(64)__ people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their success," the foundation said in a statement.50. A. though B. seldom C. even D. thereby51. A. exercise B. patience C. enthusiasm D. interest52. A. add B. propose C. introduce D. contribute53. A. leading B. plain C. moderate D. heavy54. A. personal B. professional C. medical D. family55. A. much B. likely C. equal D. stable56. A. due to B. owing to C. according to D. contrary to57. A. contains B. brings C. proceeds D. involves58. A. isolated B. unappreciated C. disconcerted D. stimulated59. A. rewarding B. improved C. increasing D. neglected60. A. sponsored B. responded C. threatened D. combined61. A. indicate B. simplify C. support D. overflow62. A. portion B. chance C. danger D. risk63. A. advisable B. predictable C. profitable D. comfortable64. A. persuade B. transfer C. allow D. rescueIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage your have just read.(A)Ralph and Ilene hadn‟t been to a baseball game in about five years. They lived only 15 miles from the stadium, but the heavy traffic on game day made those 15 miles seem more like 60 miles. It took them about an hour to get to the stadium. Then, when the game was over, it took half an hour just to get out of the parking lot. Then the drive home was another hour. In other words, the traveling took longer than the game itself.One day, they decided to go to a game. They drove south on the 110 freeway. The 110 is California‟s original freeway, full of twists and turns. Accidents occur daily. California drivers think yellow lights and sharp curves mean the same thing—speed up!The traffic was lighter than they expected. They arrived at the stadium 40 minutes before game time. They paid the $8 parking fee, parked and locked the car, and walked to the main entrance.Several individuals were standing around outside the stadium, looking casual but actually selling tickets secretly. They walked over to a man in a red cap.Ralph’s instincts were correct. The man had tickets for good seats at a fair price. Ralph gave the man $45 and thanked him.“Don‟t thank me, my friend. Put your hands behind your back, please.You‟re under arrest.”“What?” Ralph was astonished. “What‟s going on?”“Buying scalped tickets(黄牛票) is illegal in Los Angeles, and we‟ve got a new mayor who wants us to enforce all the laws that bring in money.” said the man. “Don‟t worry. We‟ll have you back here right after we book you. You can pay the $150 fine with your credit card. Have a nice day. Oh, and enjoy the game!”65. Why didn‟t Ralph and Ilene go to the baseball game very often?A.Because they were not very interested in baseball.B.Because they lived far away from the stadium.C.Because it was time-consuming to go there.D.Because it was often hard to find a place to park.66. Why did many accidents occur on the 110 freeway according to the passage?A. Because the traffic lights were broken.B. Because traffic was heavy there.C. Because the road conditions were poor.D. Because people always drove too fast.67. By saying “Ralph’s instincts were correct,” the author means that ________.A. Ralph was lucky enough to get two tickets right before the game startedB. Ralph was wise enough to choose the best two tickets from the manC. Ralph was good at bargaining so that he got the tickets at a fair priceD. Ralph identified the right person who offered tickets at reasonable prices68. What is the man in a red cap?A. A ticket dealer.B. A police officer.C. A robber.D. Mayor of the city.B69. From the passage we can learn that “World Vision” is a(n) __________.A. news agency located in Hong KongB. organization serving people in needC. educational broadcast programD. international climate research center70. Which of the following is NOT one of the relief operations carried out by World Vision?A. They distributed rice and quilts to affected villagers.B. They raised fund to help those worst-hit provinces.C. They purchased power generators to affected villagers.D. They rebuilt houses and schools in worst-hit areas.71. This passage aims to ___________.A. inform us about the serious situation in China after the snowstormB. report to us what has been done to help those snowstorm victimsC. appeal to us to provide our assistance to the snowstorm victimsD. encourage us to go to the snowstorm-stricken villages to offer help(C)More than half of teachers in a UK survey said they thought plagiarism from the Internet is a problem. Some students, they said, are so lazy they don‟t even bother to take the ads off the cut-and-pasted text.Fifty-eight percent of the teachers interviewed in the Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) questionnaire had come across plagiarism among their pupils. Gill Bullen from Itchen College in Southampton for example said pieces handed in by two students were identical(一模一样的) and “significantly better than either of them could have done.”“Not only that, the essays given in didn‟t quite answe r the title question I had set.” A teacher from Leeds said: “I had one piece of work so obviously …cut and pasted‟that it still contained adverts from the Web page.”Connie Robinson from Stockton Riverside College, Stockton, said: “With less able students it is easy to spot plagiarism as the writing style changes mid-assignment, but with more able students it is sometimes necessary for tutors to carry out Internet research to identify the source of the plagiarism.”Mary Bousted, general secretary of the ATL, said: “Teachers are struggling under a mountain of cut-and-pasting to spot whether work was the student‟s own or plagiarism.” She called for robust policies to fight plagiarism, and asked for help from exam boards and the government in providing resources and techniques to detect(检测) cheats.But there was another side. “I have found once students clearly understand what plagiarism is, its consequences and how to reference correctly so they can draw on published works, plagiarism becomes less of a problem,”said Diana Baker from Emmanuel College, Durham. “I think the majority of students who engage in plagiarism do it more out of ignorance than the desire to cheat. They really want to succeed on their own merit.”72. What does the word plagiarism probably mean?A. Stealing other people‟s property.B. Cheating in school exams.C. Copying other s‟ words or ideas.D. Buying someone else‟s essays.73. Why is it easier to spot plagiarism with less able students?A.They forget to take the ads off the cut-and-pasted text.B.Their essays are much better than they could have done.C.Their mid-term essays don‟t go with the title questions.D.The language in their essays does not follow the same style.74. What can we learn from Diana Baker‟s words?A. Plagiarism is not a serious problem for most schools in UK.B. Most students do not quite understand what plagiarism is.C. Students should learn how to make good use of published works.D. Students should be encouraged to achieve success on their own.75. What is this passage mainly about?A. Plagiarism from the Internet brings harm to university teachers and students.B. Teachers should be provided with resources and techniques to fight plagiarism.C. Teachers should help students to achieve success through hard work.D. Plagiarism from the Internet has become a pressing concern in UK schools.(D)I have never heard about a “Fashion Week” outside of New York, London or Milan. But then one just happens to turn up in Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan. Actually, I‟m ignorant of all those countries in Central Asia, whose names are always ending in "stan." For decades, even centuries, Central Asia has been out of focus, a blank on the map of empires. Just as the introduction from Turusbek Mamashov, from the Tourism agency of the president of the Kyrgyz Republic, says, “Throughout this Fashion Week project, we need to create a revolution in the minds of our people, preparing the country for the international tourism market. It is an opportunity as well as an investment.” What he says is right. If you just give it a glimpse(一瞥), you‟ll find out that the flavor(风情) of the Silk Road is still there.As part of the route for Silk Road traders and migrating tribes through its epic(史诗的) history, Kyrgyzstan, like other Central Asian countries, is a vast place of desert, grassland and mountain ranges. It is not widely known that Kyrgyzstan is the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai's birthplace.Bishkek, the place holding Fashion Week, is the capital and industrial center of independent Kyrgyzstan. It is a relaxed, handsome place with wide streets and large amounts of greenery. Especially in the autumn of November, the yellow leaves falling everywhere make the whole city a legend in fall. The mountains are just at its rear, in that case a unique scene of picturesque beauty is composed by snow-white peaks, lakes and the urban Landscape.Today, Ala-Too Square is the center of the poetic places worth seeing in Bishkek. The “White House,” the seat of the Kyrgyzstan Government, is just at the west of the square. Behind this is Panfilov Park, a great place to head for a national holiday. The State Museum of Fine Arts is opposite, which is also called the Gapar Aitiev Museum of Applied Arts, featuring Kyrgyz jewelry, rugs and works by local artists.One of the joys besides the scenery is the openness of the people. Bishkek is a city without a big population but mainly good-natured people from many races, 47 percent are Russian and about a third are Kyrgyz. Most travelers vote Kyrgyzstan as the most appealing, accessible and welcoming of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. It is written by a tourist that Kyrgyzstan is the country Russians most desperately want to keep: hills always covered with grass and wild flowers. Kyrgyz men always ride a horse wearing a photogenic hat.76. According to the passage, Kyrgyzstan used to be ___________.A. an international fashion centreB. an important part of Silk RoadC. the focus of the worldD. a vast desert land in Central Asia77. The Fashion Week in Bishkek is supposed to __________.A. start a revolution in KyrgyzstanB. attract foreign investment to KyrgyzstanC. promote tourism in KyrgyzstanD. celebrate the independence of Kyrgyzstan78. Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Bishkek is a crowded modern city surrounded by mountain ranges.B. Panfilov Park is a popular destination for local people during holidays.C. The majority of the population in Bishkek are Russian and Kyrgyz.D. The famous poet Li Bai is thought to have been born in Kyrgyzstan.79. What is the most important message the author wants to convey in the passage?A. Reflections and thoughts on the glorious history of the Silk Road.B. Feelings about the ongoing Fashion Week project in Bishkek.C. The geographic features and imposing history of Kyrgyzstan.D. The natural and cultural characteristics and attractions in Kyrgyzstan.(E)Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.Ten years after being formed in 1995, eBay has become the world's leading online marketplace for all sorts of goods. At any given time, 29 million items are available worldwide on eBay, with more than 3.5 million new items added every day and $1,000 worth of merchandise sold every second. If you dream of building your own eBay business, it's easier than you think. Keep these points in mind:第二卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.均衡饮食是健康的关键。
英语卷·2012届上海市徐汇区高三上学期期末学习能力诊断测试(2012.01)
2011学年第一学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科学习能力诊断卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分） 2012.1第一卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. A policeman D. A postman.2. A. 4:00. B. 4:15. C. 4:45. D. 5:00.3. A. The performance. B. The price. C. The seats. D. The lights.4. A. She has to work that day. B. She doesn‘t like parties.C. She has to do some sports.D. She must stay at home.5. A. It will cool down soon. B. It has been hot for a long time.C. The forecast is wrong.D. They usually have hot summers.6. A. To go home to fetch the schedule. B. To make a copy of the schedule.C. To get the schedule for her.D. To pick her up at the library.7. A. He is always making silly decisions. B. His words are often not reliable.C. He is rich enough to own a farm.D. He lent his apartment to his friend.8. A. The sign is not clear enough. B. The man wants to see the staff.C. The man is in the wrong place.D. The man works at the airport.9. A. Ben probably failed in the exam. B. Ben felt the exam quite easy for him.C. The exam was easier than the last one.D. Ben doesn‘t remember the exam at all.10. A. The woman has made a wise choice.B. The woman won‘t make a successful manager in the future.C. The woman should pursue her studies in science now.D. The woman should think carefully before making her decision.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A . Falls. B. Traffic accidents. C. Drowning. D. Diseases.12. A. At home. B. At school. C. In streets. D. In dormitories.13. A. Education for children. B. Education for parents and child care staff.C. Teachers‘ sense of responsibility.D. Joining Safe Kids China.Questions 14 through 16are based on the following passage.14. A. An international airport. B. A travel agency.C. An overseas company.D. A government organization.15. A. Bad weather. B. More airplanes.C. Poor technology.D. Lack of communication.16. A. The advantages and disadvantages of air travel.B. The causes of airline delays and possible solutions.C. The problems caused by heavy traffic in big cities.D. The history and the major functions of FAA.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Why does the girl want to do? She wants to join the ____(21)____.What does the ad say about Adidas? 1.It gave birth to a new idea in sports.2.People wearing them have been ___(22)____.3.It helped people set over400 ___(23)____ intrack and field.When did the girl begin to save money? Since ____(24)____.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The psychologist points out that learning to share food _____ others might be a difficult lessonto a baby.A. toB. amongC. withD. of26. Talking of different cultures, we must admit the fact that people from different cultures have_____ in common than we usually realize.A. muchB. manyC. nothingD. more27. Santos _____ have experienced lots of hardships in the jungle, for the wrinkles on his face cantell a lot of stories.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. must28. The customer didn‘t choose _______ of the coats and went away without looking at a third one.A. bothB. allC. anyD. either29. Owing to the adequate preparations, the research team did not have much trouble _____ the wrecked ship.A. to locateB. locatedC. locatingD. locate30. At the current rate, four-fifths of the tremendous project _____ to be finished by the end of this year.A. expectingB. expectsC. is expectedD. will expect31. Rare species in the world, _____ by hundreds every year, must be jointly preserved by all countries, or humans will encounter ecological disaster in the near future.A. disappearedB. disappearingC. disappearD. having disappeared32. English is a course for anyone in university, ______ his or her major or previous educational qualifications are.A. whateverB. whetherC. howeverD. no matter33. As its name indicates, the "American Host Family" program gets American families_______ in foreign students' lives in America and offers homes for them.A. to involveB. involvingC. involvedD. having involved34. Cole Bettles _______ by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California last month.A. had been rejectedB. has been rejectedC. has rejectedD. was rejecting35. It is predicted _____ the recovery of the Japanese economy might be shadowed by the nuclear accident there.A. whatB. howC. whereD. that36. You had better conduct the experiment _____ your professor have instructed you; otherwise you may fail to complete it.A. thatB. whichC. asD. until37. As for some skills, once having commanded them, you will never forget them, and this is _____ we call internalization.A. whyB. whatC. becauseD. where38. We felt it a pity that the research team failed to find such a plant ______ had been described in the botanist‘s diary.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what39. The ―magical apple‖, which we wish not to be the last one _____ us, has inspired theimagination and passion of millions of people.A. fascinateB. fascinatingC. fascinatedD. to fascinate40. It was not until the eleventh century, when a young lady brought a fork to Italy _______.A. and the custom reached EuropeB. that the custom reached EuropeC. where did the custom reach EuropeD. did the custom reach EuropeSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Classified advertising is advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus ____(41)____ from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate", "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising.Classified advertisements are a(n) ___(42)____ to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this ___(43)___, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is ___(44)___ that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the___(45)___ advertisement that will meet his needs. As the reader‘s attention is ___(46)___, the advertiser does not need to rely to much ___(47)___ on display type to get the reader's attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is ___(48)___ with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the ___(49)___of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The stress of daily life has given rise to a new phenomenon ─sleep texting. People with this condition send text messages while asleep to their friends and family ─completely ___(50)___ that they are doing it.Sleep specialist Dr David Cunnington, of Melbourne Sleep Disorder Centre in Australia, said patients had reported ___(51)___ of sleep texting ─and he has advised people to leave their ___(52)___ outside the bedroom.He said: ―We have had patients who have reported sending text messages to their friends and family while asleep. It is one of those things that happens, but it is very ___(53)___, and certainly not a common trend.‖___(54)___, there are no studies into sleep texting —but a ___(55)___ phenomenon, sleep emailing, was studied in 2008.Researchers at the University of Toledo reported the case of a woman, 44, who would ___(56)___emails while sound asleep. She had no recollection(记忆) of sending the emails when awake.Dr Cunnington said cases of sleep emailing were more common, and were likely to have a more ___(57)___ effect on the lives of sufferers.He said: ―Emails can be sent to work colleagues and have much more serious ___(58)___, whereas text messages are more likely to be ___(59)___ sent to a friend or family member, so people aren't as likely to complain of a problem.‖Dr Cunnington described sleep texting as the ___(60)___ of people having too much to do during waking life. He explained: 'People are doing so much during a normal day that it can mean that they feel like they're "on call" even at night.―___(61)___ it's so easy to receive emails constantly, and get notifications(通知) from smartphones（智能电话）, it becomes more difficult for us to ___(62)___ our waking and sleeping lives.‖Dr Cunnington said people ___(63)___ to get a quality night's sleep must realize that the key point is that people need to ___(64)___ their sleep, and make an effort to switch off at night.50. A. conscious B. unaware C. secure D. grateful51. A. missions B. intervals C. courses D. incidents52. A. mobile phones B. personal computers C. unfinished work D. sleeping pills53. A. true B. common C. obvious D. rare54. A. Fortunately B. Adequately C. Unsurprisingly D. Unbelievably55. A. similar B. strange C. present D. unique56. A. recall B. overlook C. compose D. recover57. A. generous B. internal C. harmful D. positive58. A. consequences B. preparations C. significance D. symptoms59. A. accidentally B. purposefully C. unreasonably D. unwillingly60. A. temper B. result C. excuse D. loss61. A. Because B. Although C. Just as D. So62. A. combine B. satisfy C. describe D. separate63. A. appointing B. struggling C. carrying D. affording64. A. recognize B. ignore C. restore D. respectSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)My l4-year-old son, John, and I spotted the coat almost at the same time. It was hanging at a secondhand clothing store. While the other coats looked rather depressed, this one looked as if it were holding itself up. The thick, black wool of the chesterfield（长大衣）was soft and unworn. It was beautifully tailored and had an unbelievable price tag of $28. We looked at each other, saying nothing, but John's eyes shone. Dark, woolen coats were popular with teenage boys, but could cost several hundred dollars new. This coat was even better, bearing that touch of classic elegance from long ago.John tried it on and turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror with a serious, studied expression that soon changed into a smile. The fit was perfect.John wore the coat to school the next day and came home with a grin. "How did the kids like your coat?" I asked. "They loved it!" he said merrily, carefully folding it over the back of a chair and smoothing it flat.Over the next few weeks, a change came over John. Agreement replaced protest, quiet, reasoned discussion replaced argument. He became more sensible, more polite, more thoughtful, eage r to please. ―Good dinner, Mom,‖ he would say every evening. One day when I suggested that he might start on homework before dinner, John, who was always putting off doing stuff, said, ―You‘re right. I guess I will.‖When I mentioned this incident to one of his teachers and remarked that I didn't know what caused the changes, she said laughing. "It must be his coat!" At the library, we ran into a friend who had not seen our children for a long time, ―Could this be John?" he asked, looking up to John's new height, assessing the style of his coat and extending his hand, one gentleman to another.Sometimes, watching John leave for school, I'm reminded of what it felt like to be at his age ─a time when it was as easy to try on different approaches to life as it was to try on a coat.65. Why did John‘s eyes shine when he saw the coat?A. It was the first time that he had been to a secondhand store.B. It was pleasant for him to share the same taste with mom.C. He fell in love with that coat and wanted to put it on.D. He managed to get his mom to buy him a new coat.66. What does the underlined word ―grin‖ in paragraph 3 refer to?A. A big smile.B. A sad look.C. A jealous remark .D. An anxious thought.67. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. There was a trend of loving such coats among teenage boys then.B. John used to be disobedient towards parents‘ demands.C. John acted like a gentleman after wearing the coat.D. The teacher didn‘t understand why John changed a lot.68. Which of the following might the best title?A. A Special Shopping ExperienceB. A Caring MotherC. A Magical CoatD. John‘s Taste for Clothing(B)A professor at the University of Toronto in Canada has come up with a term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. And now a big research study confirms it.Barry Wellman's term is ―networked individualism.‖ It's not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seem to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.Here's what he means. Until the Internet and e-mail came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.But the latest study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange.A lot of folks Pew talked with say that's a good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits（隐士）who shut out other people in favor of a make-believe world oncomputer screens.To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many MORE real people than we'd have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We're turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on careers, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or crucial role in helping them deal with major life decisions.So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We're keeping more to ourselves, while at the same time reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse!Follow-up NotesBarry Wellman is a sociologist based at the University of Toronto in Canada. His research deals with the impact of technology on human interactions.For more information, see the websites below:The Pew Internet and American Life Project includes studies on online dating, how women and men use the Internet, the strength of Internet ties among people, web-surfing for fun, and other topics. For links see the Project‘s homepage at /.69. The underlined word ―contradict‖ in paragraph 2 probably means ________.A. get along withB. go against withC. be equal toD. live up to70. Before the invention of the Internet, people‘s connections mainly took place ________.A. by phoneB. through voiceC. in personD. by letter71. Which of the following was NOT one of the discoveries of the Pew study?A. The Internet has put us in touch with more people than expected.B. People use the Internet to get advice on their various life problems.C. The Internet plays a key role in helping many people make important decisions.D. Electronic interaction has stopped people from their social interchange.(C)Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to violent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, indicates that the consequences of experiencing TV‘s symbolic world of violence may be much more far-reaching.We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy viewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV ―action-adventure‖ dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police protection, and election of law-and-order politicians.While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests formedical advice, sent by viewers to ―Marcus Welby, M.D.‖ —a popular TV drama series about a doctor— during the first five years of his practice on TV.Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, ―Can most people be trusted?‖ the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose ―Can‘t be too careful.‖Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also be concerned about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence in the face of injustice may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression.We have found that violence on prime-time（黄金时段）network TV cultivates overstated （夸大的）assumptions about the threat of danger in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control.72.Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?A. Distrusting people around.B. Moving into rural areas.C. Turning to the police for protection.D. Holding more elections.73. A ccording to the passage, why did ―Marcus Welby, M.D.‖ receive so many letters?A. Because viewers believed the doctor did exist in the real life.B. Because certain TV programmes recommended him to viewers.C. Because he was an experienced doctor and saved many lives.D. Because the TV appealed to people to pay attention to health.74. According to the author, _________ is ma inly to blame for people‘s fear of the real world.A. network TVB. social realityC. individual display of violenceD. televised violence75. We can infer from the passage that __________.A. people tend to be aggressive or violent after watching TV too muchB. people can learn to protect themselves from dangers by watching TVC. the occasional displays of individual aggression may threaten the social orderD. watching TV may cause the misuse of authority and disturb the social orderSection CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Counter every negative with a positive.B. Fake being happy until you feel it.C. Look at things from all angles.D. Acknowledge what you're grateful for.E. Help someone in need.F. Focus on small goals instead of big ones.76.One very important component of optimism is gratitude. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you're thankful for. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around. 77.Feeling down? Instead of moping around waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you're happy—even if you aren't. A genuine smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. So act in an optimistic way—smile, laugh, tell a joke or reassure yourself that everything is good—even if you don't feel it."78."People tend to think in an either-or way: If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you're setting yourself up for feeling down all day. "Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window, or the interesting radio show you‘re listening to." That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day, and you'll learn to see them as just one small part of an otherwise good day.79.Pledging to lose 20 pounds or run a marathon seem like goals that will lead to happiness, but they take time to achieve. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself-and may even end up throwing in the towel, causing your outlook on life to worsen. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the momentum to keep going.80.Want to give your attitude a boost? Try making someone else's day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.It‘s all too much.Psychologists in Britain have said that the last full week of January is the most depressing time of a year, and labelled next Monday ‗Blue Monday‘. Blue is a slang way of saying unhappy.Mondays are generally seen as the worst day of the week because people feel bad-tempered and tired at having to go back to work after a weekend with a different sleep pattern.There are various reasons why more people feel depressed at this time of year. Many people have unpaid credit card bills for the Christmas presents they bought, and pay day is often not until the end of the month.As the party season is over, people feel stressed because they have to go back to real life –work and commuting(乘公交车上下班); and they may be unhappy with their body image after bingeing（大吃大喝）on alcohol, chocolates, and other food at Christmas-time.People may have already failed in their New Year‘s resolutions, such as giving up smoking. The bad weather in January can also contribute to people feeling fed up.Some companies are taking this quite seriously and offering professional advice for any staff who are feeling depressed. They hope that helping people as soon as there are signs of depression will avoid their absence from work. Evidence shows that unreasonable managers who contribute to their staff feeling fed up at this time can expect an uncooperative workforce.However, it‘s not all bad! Many people feel optimistic at this time, that things can only get better. Psychologists offer suggestions of how to fight against feeling blue. These include spending 15 minutes doing a ―gratitude exercise‖ thinking about and writing down what you are grateful for, such as health, family, friends and so on.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.According to psychologists in Britain, what is the most depressing time of a year?82.What economic factor may give rise to people‘s depression at that time of the year?83.To ensure that the employees come back to work after the long holiday, many companies_____________.84.Psychologists believe that a 15-minute ―gratitude exercise‖ may help _____________.第II卷（共45分）I . TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 所有队员都赞成他的提议。
上海市徐汇区4月高三英语学习能力诊断试卷及答案中学试卷
上海市徐汇区4月高三英语学习能力诊断试卷及答案中学试卷上海市4月第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三年级英语学科2014.4第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Visit the woman.B. Go to an interview.C. Attend a lecture.D. Work in the office.2. A. At a post office.B. At a fast-food restaurant.C. At a booking office.D. At a check-in desk.3. A. One hour later.B. Thirty minutes later.C. Twenty minutes later.D. Around ten minutes.4. A. $8.B. $12. C. $16.D. $20.5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.B. John and Tom are good friends.C. Tom has attended a yoga class.D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number.6. A. What to take up as a hobby.B. How to keep fit.C. How to handle pressure.D. What to play with.7. A. Classmates.B. Lecturers.C. Strangers.D. Relatives.8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it.B. He hasn’t got a whole picture of it.C. He has quit writing it.D. He is seeking for a publisher now.9. A. A head waiter.B. A shop assistant.C. A customer.D. A receptionist.10. A. He’s not surprised at the woman’s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won’t give the woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.D. He understands the woman’s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In small cups.B. In a boat on a river.C. At the bottom of a river.D. On food stored in the ground.12. A. It came from a river.B. It was extremely pure.C. It was found in large quantities.D. It was dug up from a deep mine.13. A. An early means of travel on rivers.B. An ancient method of fishing in rivers.C. An important discovery at a village.D. The way of trading foods in old times.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. She enjoyed removing others’drinks. B. She became more and more forgetful.C. She preferred to do everything by herself.D. She wanted to keep her house in good order.15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves to clean used windows.C. She is fond of clean used windows.D. She likes clean windows as my mother did.16. A. My mother often made us confused.B. My family members had a poor memory.C. My mother helped us to form a good habitD. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.The man’s interviewThe time for the interviewAt 17 in the morning.Position applied for18His worriesHe thinks he lacks 19 and he is poor at languages. Languages capable of use20 and French.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.How long will the conference last?It will last for 21 .What is between the conference rooms?There are 22 between them.Why does the woman need smaller conference rooms?For 23 .What do we learn about the conference centre?The conference centre is made up of the main conference hall, smaller conference rooms, and a(n) 24 .Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The California state assembly recently approved the so-called ParisHilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver’s seat in a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make a n example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “little rich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican Party. “The judge 27______ have put her in jailfor four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got only afour-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver‘s window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the streets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this billto protect the public. There’s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility seriously.”The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The statesenate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and GovernorSchwarzenegger has promised to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said, “but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of California, dogs will have to take a back seat.”The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,” said Republican Tom Ridge, “are being attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”(B)He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers’book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked.He thought of T ony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger’s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I’d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I’ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.“Tony, do you know I’m in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you the first time we fought, but I want you to know I’m not,” he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face.“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, ‘Good work, Tony’and it made me feel like Christmas.”Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40______ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. reassuresB. wellC. distinguishD. encounterE. objectsF. inoffensiveG. revealsH. afterwardsI. implicationJ. genuineK. unpleasantTelling Tales“Here’s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Probably. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That’s the problem with gossip: it’s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “Let’s meet for coffee and have a bit of a gossip,” I’m inviting you to a social 45______ in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrongwith that: life would be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it’s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do not mean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______. A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it’s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people;but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.Processing Geographic DataA geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath theEarth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.Advising Businesses and GovernmentAbout half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports onsuch elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points about a location being considered.In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites.Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.Physical and Human GeographyPhysical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.Some geographers study economic, political, and 63 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”51. A. performing B. analyzingC. appreciatingD. downloading52. A. map B. mineC. shape D. honour53. A. creativelyB. critically C. wildlyD. moderately54. A. disasterB. radioactivityC. excursionD. vacation55. A. qualifiedB. determinedC. valuableD. feasible56. A. surviveB. expandC. manageD. boom57. A. negative B. effectiveC. depressiveD. profitable58. A. sceneryB. destinationC. resultD. foundation59. A. potentialsB. histories C. resourcesD. sciences60. A. specializedB. pollutedC. governedD. transformed61. A. proceedsB. stretches C. extendsD. changes62. A. peculiarB. specialC. reasonableD. enthusiastic63. A. psychologicalB. contemporaryC. religiousD. social64. A. closely B. peacefullyC. loyally D. sensitively65. A. demonstrationB. revolutionC. examinationD. educationSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Dangers of DietingThanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number ofoverweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don’t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They adviseeating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person’s body doesn’t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientificstudy from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is the ideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor’s supervision.66. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?A. They have kidney failure.B. They gain the weight back again.C. They keep the weight off.D. They have less muscle.67. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don’t give the body everything it needs.B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body what it needs.D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the required vitamins.68. Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?A. Heart disease.B. Slower weight loss.C. Psychological changes.D. Kidney failure.69. According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.B. Everyone can gain the weight back.C. Everyone has a different psychology.D. Everyone likes different foods.(B)Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food.He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-oldAustralian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts,like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to facepolitical hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is anin-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.70. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.A. the constant change of its share priceB. the board’s failure to reach an agreementC. the falling salesD. the physical problems of the chief executives71. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______.A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a personB. has the same right to receive the family titleC. is appointed as an executive of a companyD. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves72. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?A. The change of the chief executive.B. People’s concern about junk food.C. Dirty restaurant.D. Indifferent service.73. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions(C)It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacityto use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Platocoined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that thenon-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ tocommunicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.74. According to the theory of ‘thought’ devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.A. talking to the soulB. concealed speechC. speaking nonverballyD. a non-linguistic behavior75. What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.76. According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words77. Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts.B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.D. Thinking is independent of language.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stationsmight look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.。
高三英语二模试卷分析及复习教学反思（精选篇）
高三英语二模试卷分析及复习教学反思高三英语二模试卷分析及复习教学反思00B.At7:.At6:30 听力原文:Didyugtthenertyesterdayevening? :Yes.Itassuppsedtstartat 7,butitasdelayedhalfanhur. 此题主要考查的是学生在特定语境中对“对话”的整体理解，如果学生不能正确整体理解，听到与选项有关的片言只语就匆忙下结论，错选A或者没有能够理解delay这个单词的意思而错选B。
第5题:hat’stheeatherliketrr?A.RainyB.ludy.Fine 听力原文:u,e’llhav easpringutingtrr. :Great!Ijustathedtheeatherre prt.Yu’llhaveblueskies. 此题主要考查的是学生在特定语境中对“对话”的整体理解,并注意说话者的感情色彩，对听的内容做出判断。
通过“blueskies”和“Great!”做出判断，选出正确答案Ｃ。
考生在做此类题时要学会“瞻前顾后”。
对话类材料的基本模式是：前者提出话题，后者发表自己的观点和看法。
所以很多对话类试题都是针对第二个人的话语而设置的，考生应该重点听第二个人说话的内容。
如果对第二个人的话听得含糊不清又不能从语气上判断，就很容易选错了。
Text７它主要是一段和家庭生活有关的话题，是父女之间的对话。
第10题:hdyuthinkdesthesthuserkinthisfaily?A.JanneB.Janne’sfather.Janne’sther 这是一道考查“特定语境”中对所听内容进行整体理解进而进行推理判断的题，由于这是父女之间的对话中，部分考生就直接选了B，而忽视了女儿由于找不到袜子而问父亲，父亲也不知而导致女儿想起了妈妈，由此可以推断，平常家中的家务活大部分是妈妈做的。
Text9它是一段电话推销打折卡的一段对话，跟现实生活很贴近。
2023届上海市徐汇区高三二模英语试卷及答案
2022学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2023.4I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.At the bus stop. B.At the information desk.C.On the platform.D.In the office building.2. A.It was quite a success. B.It was huge.C.It was terrible.D.The music was good.3. A.John’s job transfer. B.The rapid spread of rumour.C.The new project in India.D.John’s quarrel with his wife.4. A.Sell the broken parts. B.Buy a new one.C.Make a profitable investment.D.Have the old one fixed.5. A.They came in different colors. B.They were good value for money.C.They were a very good design.D.They were sold out very quickly.6. A.The woman is wasting his time. B.The woman should use her time wisely.C.He is eager to know the answer.D.The woman does not need to hurry.7. A.She always talks bad about her colleagues.B.She has a good reputation for being honest.C.She is good at handling complicated relationships.D.She has good relations with people around her.8. A.She plans to apply for a part-time job.B.She’s too busy to run for class president.C.She wants the man to help her with her studies.D.She has no interest in running for class president.9. A.She is not in good health for her age. B.She likes the job of feeding fish.C.She finds her new job rewarding.D.She feels unfit for her new job.10. A.It’s hard to buy the tickets on the spot.B.Tickets are cheaper if bought online.C.Free booklets provide discounts for the show.D.The comic show can be watched online.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.Plant ecology. B.The study of insects.C.Marine biology.D.The food chain.12. A.The threat of scientific progress. B.The danger of chemicals pesticides(杀虫剂).C.The possible causes of cancer.D.The natural history of the sea.13. A.It led to a nationwide ban on the use of pesticides in US.B.It received positive feedback as soon as it was published.C.It accused chemical industry of spreading disinformation.D.It laid the foundation for modern agricultural ecosystem.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.To create jobs. B.To increase sales.C.To research markets.D.To introduce products.15. A.Offering detailed information of the product.B.Keeping the customers engaged.C.Capturing the customer’s attention.D.Initiating the customer to make a purchase.16．A.To evaluate the effect of AIDA. B.To display how AIDA works.C.To show how to make a movie.D.To advertise the movie industry.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.To complain about the poor service. B.To order a software for his office.C.To negotiate a lower price.D.To learn about the promotions of a product.18. A.It is a voice recognition software. B.It is a sales management network.C.It is a website monitoring tool.D.It is a microphone manufacturer.19. A.The man didn’t get the discount because he was not ordering online.B.The free microphones with the software are usually very good quality.C.The man failed to order online because one of the servers went wrong.D.The man does not need the microphone included with the software.20. A.By cash. B.By credit card.C.With prepaid card.D.With membership card.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Great Voice ActorSince the creation of animated(动画的)motion pictures,the use of actors supplying voices(21)_________(be) invaluable.Behind every famous cartoon character’s personality is the actor standing in the recording booth and(22) _________(stretch)their manner of speaking in unrecognizable ways.For some of these performers,the voices they’ve provided have far surpassed them as people in both recognizability and adoration.Mel Blanc,known as“The Man of Thousand Voices”,(23)_________(regard)as the most prolific actor to ever work in Hollywood with over a thousand screen credits.He developed and performed nearly400distinct character voices.Whether in legendary shorts or lesser-known commercials,Mel Blanc walked so the voice actors of today(24) _________run.Mel Blanc lent his voice to many classic characters,but the one he is best known for is Bugs Bunny.There is little that can be said about Bugs’impact(25)_________hasn’t already been said for decades.The character is(26) _________helped launch Warner Bros.animation into the mainstream.Bugs was even the face of Warner Bros.Family Entertainment,appearing at the beginning of many films.(27)__________________a character may not talk,that doesn’t mean a fair bit of voice acting isn’t involved.Mel provided the various noises of the beloved pet dinosaur,Dino, in The Flintstones.While obviously not as quotable as his caveman companions,every fan knows the excited bark of Dino when he sees his master,Fred,arrive home.In January1961,at the age of52,Blanc was severely injured in a car accident and had to tape his part at home with a microphone(28)_________(suspend)over his bed.Mel Blanc paved the way for voice acting as a true art,though it’s a skill that often goes unrecognized when praise is focused on movies and TV.The characters we all love wouldn’t be where they are in the public eye without(29) _________who put a voice to them.Many recognizable or popular voice actors of our modern era have Blanc(30) _________(thank)for their start,and hope to reach his level of unmatched expertise at bringing countless characters to life the way no one else can.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.OpenAI releases“not fully reliable”tool to detect AI generated content ChatGPT has been creating waves across the internet with its writing ability and responses to requests.The use of ChatGPT has been full of___(31)___.There have been concerns that students can use this tool to___(32)___ AI-generated work and claim it as their own.OpenAI,the research laboratory behind ChatGPT,has released a tool designed to___(33)___whether text has been written by artificial intelligence,but warns it’s not completely reliable–yet.In a blog post on Tuesday,OpenAI linked to a new___(34)___tool that has been trained to distinguish between text written by a human and that written by a variety of AI,not just ChatGPT.The tool could be useful in cases where AI was used for“___(35)___dishonesty”and when AI chatbots were positioned as humans,they said.But they admitted the tool“is not fully reliable”and only correctly identified26%of AI-written English texts.It also incorrectly___(36)___human-written texts as probably written by AI tools9%of the time.“Our classifier’s reliability___(37)___improves as the length of the input text pared to our ___(38)___released classifier,this new classifier is significantly more reliable on text from more recent AI systems.”Since ChatGPT was opened up to public___(39)___,it has given rise to a wave of concern among educational institutions across the world that it could lead to cheating in exams or assessments.Lecturers in the UK are being urged to review the way in which their courses were___(40)___,while some universities have banned the technology entirely and returned to pen-and-paper exams to stop students using AI.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do songs get stuck in the head?Have you ever had a song stuck in your head and,no matter how hard you tried,you could not get rid of it?The song played on and on,whether you were loading the dishwasher,weaving in and out of traffic,or attempting to ___(41)___your mind at the start of yoga class.Having a song stuck in one’s head,known as an earworm,is an experience that over90%of us have on a ___(42)___basis.We’re more likely to catch an earworm after we stop focusing,in moments when the working memory is___(43)___,when we’re relaxed,when work is finished or when we’re a bit sleepy.Certain songs are___(44)___than others,and so more likely to“auto repeat”in your head.There are certain musical characteristics that make songs more likely to become earworms,such as if the piece is repetitive,if there is a longer duration of certain notes,if___(45)___between the notes are smaller.___(46)___,we know that mood can have an impact,with some people reporting that they always get the same earworm when they feel good,or people experiencing a fast-tempo earworm when they are___(47)___.And of course familiarity with a song is a key ___(48)___.Songs that you don’t know very well are less likely to pop up as earworms.If you’ve had enough of your earworm and need to stop it in its tracks,you would be well warned not to try to block the song out,but rather to___(49)___accept it.A determined effort to block the song out may result in the very ___(50)___of what you want.According to psychologist Daniel Wegner,___(51)___the song may make your brain keep playing it over and over again.To get rid of an earworm,you may be best served by simply___(52)___it, accepting it,and leaving it alone to let this phenomenon ends up weakening itself little by little.Some people try to___(53)___themselves from the song,and it works.You can try reading a book,listening to a different song or even playing an instrument.Others___(54)___the tune in question,because it is commonly believed that earworms occur when you remember only part of a song;hearing the entire song may stop it.Neurologists(神经学家)point out that it’s recommendable to chew gum to reduce the___(55)___of an earworm because jaw movement interferes with musical memory.However,it’s important to note that this phenomenon usually lasts less than24hours.41. A.burden B.clear C.alter D.exploit42. A.trial B.solid C.voluntary D.regular43. A.inactive plicated C.dynamic D.uncertain44. A.catchier B.slower C.harsher D.louder45. A.phases B.intervals C.rhythms D.sessions46. A.Instead B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Additionally47. A.alert B.pleased C.remote D.rigid48. A.criterion B.consequence C.concept D.contributor49. A.readily B.constantly C.passively D.critically50. A.opposite B.fantasy C.emphasis D.equivalent51. A.integrating B.converting C.resisting D.tolerating52. A.interruptingB.acknowledging C.stimulating D.facilitating53. A.perceive B.isolate C.distract D.identify54. A.seek out B.act out C.cast out D.knock out55. A.proportion B.intensity C.integrity D.preferenceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Andy smiled as he and his field day team stepped up to their last activity.They were in first place,and Andy could already feel the medal around his neck.“How exciting!”Mrs.Emory said.“You two teams are tied with the highest score of the day.”“Tied?”Andy said.“But we beat them at the relay race.”“Yes,but that was their only loss,”Mrs.Emory said.“Your team also has one loss,so you are both tied for first place.”Andy crossed his arms in front of his chest.He didn’t want to think about the balloon toss(抛).He’d been the first one to drop his balloon.“This event is a hula hoop(呼啦圈)challenge,”Mrs.Emory said,handing everyone a hula hoop.“Are we supposed to see how far we can roll them?”Andy asked.“No.Your challenge is to hula hoop for as long as possible.Once your hoop hits the ground,you will be disqualified.The last person hula hooping will win the event for their team.”Andy’s eyes widened.He’d never hula hooped before.He looked at the rest of his team.Becky seemed confident and so did Cory.They only needed one person to do well in order to win.“Can we start?”asked Rachelle,the other team’s captain.She must have done this before because she was excited about the challenge.Mrs.Emory blew her whistle.“Begin!”Andy watched Rachelle and mimicked everything she did.But no matter how hard he tried,the hoop wouldn’t stay up.It dropped and fell to his ankles.He stepped aside and cheered for Becky and Cory who were the only ones left to battle Rachelle.Becky sneezed and her hoop fell to the ground.Andy grumbled,but he started cheering even louder for Cory.Andy stared at Rachelle.She looked so relaxed.Her team was chanting her name,and it took Andy a moment to realize Cory had dropped his hoop.The challenge was over,and Rachelle had won,which meant Andy’s team had lost.But Andy couldn’t help cheering for Rachelle as she continued to hula hoop.Rachelle was still hula hooping when Mrs.Emory gave out the medals.Andy wore his second-place medal with pride as he congratulated Rachelle,the true field day champion.56.What can we learn about Andy from the first paragraph?A.He felt the weight of the medal hanging from his neck.B.He got the gold medal because he got the highest score.C.He wanted to take off his medal so he could perform better.D.He was confident about becoming the field day champion.57.The underlined word mimicked could be replace by_____________.A.made fun ofB.imitatedC.criticisedD.cheered for58.How did Andy feel when he received his medal?A.Disappointed.B.Angry.C.Proud.D.Confused.59.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Andy’s team beat the others in the previous activities.B.Andy is a confident player and has good sportsmanship.C.Andy didn’t cheer for Rachelle because he lost the game.D.Andy’s team members had never hula hooped before.60.According to the information above,Science Games is most probably____________.A.a science websiteB.a package of gamesC.an online programD.a group competition61.What does the underlined word probably mean?A.admissionB.rewardC.budgetD.scholarship62.Which of the following is TRUE about Science Games?A.Each session of the virtual program will last two hours.B.Students will conduct hands-on experiments with scientists.C.Parents need to prepare activity materials for their children.D.Each registration group can have no more than3participants.Casting blame is natural:it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes,and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.Research published in2015suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.Blame culture can spread like a virus.Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing,in a blaming environment,employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work.Blame culture asks,“who dropped the ball?”instead of“where did our systems and processes fail?”The focus is on the individuals,not the processes.It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder,but the more beneficial,exercise of fixing the root cause,so the problem does not happen again.The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies(缺陷)were highlighted by employees as early as possible.It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic(灾难性的)consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations(HROs)and include hospitals,submarines and airlines.Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations,it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors.The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.The National Transportation Safety Board(NTSB),which supervises air traffic across the United States,makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls.The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower.That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault?Sometimes,after all,blame is deserved.The idea of the“just culture”,a framework developed in the1990s by James Reason,a psychologist,addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent(恶意的)will be let off the hook.The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point.It promises a culture in which people“are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training”.That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.63.According to the research published in2015,companies that________had better performance.A.blamed external factorsB.owned up to mistakesC.conducted investigationsD.admitted failures64.According to the passage,the No Blame Culture________.A.encourages the early disclosure of errorsB.only exists in high reliability organizationsC.enables people to shift the blame onto othersD.prevents organizations to learn from errors65.What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage?A.Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.B.Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.C.The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.D.People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures.66.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own MistakesB.How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in OrganizationsC.Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at WorkD.How to Deal with Workplace Blame CultureSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words.B.A friend who is going through hardship may benefit from a helpful gesture.C.Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene.D.It’s important not to put too much pressure on your friend to talk.E.Research has shown that we’re actually really bad at taking other people’s perspectives.F.Your aim should be to facilitate the other person’s choices,rather than dominating them.How to support a struggling friendWe’ve all been in situations like this,both big and small and everything in between:from missing the bus to work to struggling with the loss of a loved mon wisdom suggests that a problem shared is a problem halved.We really want to help,yet we don’t quite have the words or the tactics.Research shows that many people don’t really know what works best to help their friends effectively.(67) ____________________A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends’emotions identified378 distinct strategies.Given this large variety of strategies,it’s no wonder that deciding what to do when you have a friend in tears can be a little challenging.The good news is that there are simple strategies you can learn that will help you provide more effective support to your friends.Ask questions and really listenJust as playing down a friend’s problem is unwise,so is trying to empathize too quickly.While this impulse is understandable and quite normal,it is also likely to go wrong.(68)____________________So how might you best address the situation instead?A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling,rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.A related technique to try is active listening,which is commonly used by therapists,and relatively simple to implement.(69)____________________For example,your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week,describing arguments with their spouse,a mounting workload and some worries about debt,and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now. Don’t take chargeIf your support is too directive and take-charge,it might make your friends feel like they aren’t able to handle things on their own,like a kid who needs their parent’s help to manage their problems.Instead,it would have been better to ask them what they want,and how they might be able to change this situation, and then listen to them talk through their options one by one.In doing this,you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own.(70)____________________This will help them organise their thoughts and come to some solutions,without feeling like you did it for them.IV．Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option?The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent.Plastic does not decompose,but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles.It threatens our nature as well as our health.One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.In the UK,supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles,in which the food is displayed loose,and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.Such plans are well-intentioned,but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除)the use of single-use plastic altogether.One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry.When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic,they are protected and preserved,helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry.This is not just because of its low cost.It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward,mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties.For example,glass products are a potential alternative,but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health.Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic.Take paper bags,for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag.If people respond by simply using other materials,a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.However,simply banning their single use may not be the best option.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.该纪录片自播出第一集后就广受好评。
精品解析：【区级联考】上海市徐汇区2019届高三二模(含听力)英语试题(解析版)
2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. At an airport.B. In the hotel.C. At a bus stop.D. In a subway station.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: How much should I pay for the overweight?W: The charge for extra baggage is calculated by 1.5% of the standard ticket fare for economy class.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
上海市徐汇区2016届高三学习能力诊断(二模)英语听力
2015学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语听力文字I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.W: Would you like anything to drink, sir?M: Yes, I think so. This lady will have a cup of tea and I’ll have a beer.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?2.M: Has the latest Shanghai Daily arrived yet? Today is already Tuesday.W: Sorry, it’s late. Probably not till the day after tomorrow.Q: When will the newspaper probably arrive?3.M: It’s such a beautiful day. Why not sit out in the backyard for a while and enjoy it?W: I’d love to. But there are a lot of forms to complete.Q: What will the woman probably do?4.M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would! She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean?5.W: How long have you been running this company?M: Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today.Q: What do we learn about the man?6.W: I can’t stand the way David controls the conversation all the time. If he’s going to your birthdayparty, I just won’t come.M: I’m sorry you feel that way, but my mother insists that h e should come.Q: Why was David invited to the party?7.W: I missed the classes this morning. May I borrow your notes?M: My notes? You’ve never see n my handwriting, have you?Q: What does the man mean?8.M: Mike has got a lot of good ideas. Do you think he is willing to come to the meeting?W: Oh, I think he’d be glad to come, but it’s difficult to get him to speak before a large crowd.Q: What does the woman imply?9.M: Every time we went on a trip, we were tied down by schedules. I hope this time will be different.W: You’re right. This is our first trip since you retired. W e don’t have to rush.Q: What does the woman mean?10.W: How did you feel when you found out you had high blood pressure?M: Shocked! The problem for me was that there were no symptoms at all.Q: What does the man mean?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Sam had gone two years without smoking a cigarette. At the age of 14, Sam was already smoking his favorite brand of cigarettes, Marlboro. Although people have to be over 18 in America to buy cigarettes, Sam knew of a few stores that sold cigarettes without checking identification.Sam decided to quit when he was 21 after discovering he had been coughing blood. He would get tired quickly, and he noticed his teeth were getting really yellow. Before Sam quit, he would go through a pack of cigarettes a week. The pack of cigarettes usually cost him $5.25. As a way to encourage himself to stop smoking, Sam decided to save his money every week. After two years, Sam took out all his money he had saved from not smoking, and bought a bicycle. As he started riding his bike more frequently, he noticed that he didn’t think about smoking anymore. He didn’t want a cigarette when he went out with his friends that smoked. Now he enjoys being outside breathing in the air as he rode his bike through the town. (Now listen again please.)Questions：11. When did Sam start smoking?12. Why did Sam quit smoking?13. What does Sam enjoy doing now?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the increasing demands of life. In looking at the causes of stress, remember that your brain comes with an alarm system for your protection. When your brain feels a threat, it signals your body to respond immediately. Once the threat is gone, your body returns to a normal relaxed state. Unfortunately, the nonstop stress of modern life means that your alarm system rarely shuts off. Over time, high levels of stress lead to serious health problems.Relaxation techniques are an essential part of stress management. Almost everyone can benefit from learning relaxation techniques, which may help you slow your breathing and focus your attention on the here and now. Common relaxation techniques include tai chi and yoga. But there are more active ways of achieving relaxation. For example, walking outdoors or participating in a sports activity can be relaxing and help reduce stress.It doesn’t matter which relaxation technique you choose. What matters is that you select a technique that works for you and that you practice achieving relaxation regularly. (Now listen again please.) Questions：14. What is the main cause of stress according to the passage?15. Which is NOT mentioned as a relaxation technique?16. What is the passage mainly about?Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: Dr. Green’s Office.M: Yes, I’d like to make an appointment to see Dr. Green, please. This is my first visit and my name is Ronald Morgan.W: Okay, Mr. Morgan. How about tomorrow afternoon at 4:00 o’clock?M: Uh. Do you happen to have an opening in the morning? I usually pick up my kids from school around that time.W: Okay. Um... how about the day after tomorrow? At 8:15 A.M.?M: Well, that would be fine. And my phone number is 643-0547.W: Alright. And what’s your problem, sir?M: Well, to tell the truth, I fell from the roof this morning while painting my house, and I hurt my ankle. It is still painful now.W: Mr. Morgan. I’m afraid you can’t wait that long. How about coming to our clinic tomorrow morning？I’ll make your appointment at 8:00 o’clock.M: Oh. OK. I’ll see you then.(Now listen again please.)Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.M: How do you do, Miss. Dylan?W: How do you do?M: I’m glad you’re interested in our job. Now, let me explain it. We plan to increase our advertising considerably. At present, an advertising agency handles our account, but we haven’t been too pleased with the results lately.W: What would my work involve?M: You’d be responsible to me for all advertising and to Mr. Glen for public relations. You’d also be responsible for getting our leaflets and catalogs designed.W: Have you thought about advertising on television? I can just imagine a scene with a typist sitting on an old-fashioned typing chair, her back aching, exha usted, then we show her in one of your chairs…M: We don’t think it’s a suitable medium for us. You know, i t’s much too expensive.W: That’s a shame. I’ve been doing a lot of television work lately and it interests me enormously.M: Then I really don’t thi nk that this is quite the right job for you here, Miss Dylan.(Now listen again please.)Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.。
2022-2023学年上海市徐汇区第一学期高三学习能力诊断卷英语试卷(文字版,含答案)
2022-2023学年上海市徐汇区第一学期高三学习能力诊断卷英语试卷(满分140 分，考试时间120 分钟) 2022.12 I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten shot conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To the bank. B. To the grocery store.C. To the drugstore.D. To the barbershop.2. A. Washing the dishes. B. Taking out the rubbishC. Doing some ironingD. Preparing for dinner.3. A. It is affordable for every family B. It is popular for its free delivery.C. It can be bought online only.D. It is highly spoken of among users.4. A. He is in urgent need of a talk. B. He is fully occupied right now.C. He runs a lab in the middle of the cityD. He is doing an experiment at the moment.5. A. They are a family without kids. B. They adopted children from Africa.C. They have many African friendsD. They make donations to help children.6. A. She must have paid much for the course. B. She is too lazy to keep good figure.C. She's got good results from her hard work.D. She doesn't need to take the course7. A. The man is not suitable for the positionB. The job has been given to someone else.C. She had received only one application letter.D. The application arrived earlier than expected.8. A. Hang out with friends. B. Go to a movie.C. Hike in the woods.D. Prepare for exams.9. A. The beginning is truly dissatisfactory. B. The end of the book is disappointingC. Looking into the future is its selling pointD. It is good in spite of the scary part.10. A. He will purchase surgical masks. B. He insists on buying N95 masks.C. He will go to another drugstore.D. He supports the medical workers Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第1页answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. You are trying to actively recall the informationB. You may think that you already know the information.C. You may lose your sense of speed and fluencyD. You are spending too much time memorizing the information12. A. Because students may have a false sense of understanding.B. Because students may miss some important information.C. Because students may highlight unimportant details.D. Because students may not understand the higher-level concepts.13. A. Organize study groups. B. Practice on old exams.C. Read through the exam paper.D. Explain concepts to others. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Buying fewer clothes B. Renting clothes.C. Buying second-hand clothes.D. Tailoring clothes.15. A. Young people can't afford to buy many new clothes.B. It is easy to buy and sell second-hand clothing onlineC. People are more aware of the destructive impact of fast fashionD. Organic and recycled materials are more widely used.16. A. Development in technology transforms the fashion industryB. Consumers change purchasing habits in response to rising prices.C. Second-hand clothing helps reducing fashion footprint.D. Fast fashion does great harm to environment.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Colleagues.C. Classmates.D. Waiter and diner.18. A. To open new markets. B. To accept an award.C. To attend a conference.D. To negotiate contracts19. A. Using your chopsticks to pass food to others.B. Refilling the glasses of people seated beside you.C. Tipping the waiters for their good service.D. Offering to split the cost with the host.20. A. They empty their glasses. B. They put the glasses aside.C. They tell the host directly.D. They leave their glasses full.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankWhat is Prosopagnosia?Imagine living in a world where everyone looks vaguely familiar, but you never know for certain exactly who anyone is. Your old classmates, your coworkers, your friends, and even your family members can appear (21)_________first glance to be friendly strangers who seem to know you. That's (22) _________ life is like for people with prosopagnosia, or face blindness. Prosopagnosia is a neurological(神经性的) disorder that causes someone to have trouble recognizing people they know, or distinguishing between different people's faces. (23) _________ difficulties in face recognition were noted over a hundred years ago, understanding of prosopagnosia is still unfolding. The condition has received a significant share of the public's attention after American author Jean Gilbert penned down her struggles with prosopagnosia in her book, The Picasso Mirror. (24) _________，such as well-known British anthropologist Dr Jane Goodall and Hollywood actor Brad Pitt have also revealed that they have face blindness.A study from Harvard and University College London found that prosopagnosia may affect up to 2% of the population, (25) _________ (mean) there may be millions of face-blind people. For many people just realising that their difficulties are the result of a recognised neurological condition and that they are “not alone” (26) __________ (make) a huge difference.For typical observers face recognition is based on the whole face, but for prosopagnostics is it the opposite- they are more focused on (27) _________ (isolate) features. They often have to rely on clues other than someone's facial features, such as hairstyle, clothing, or voice, (28) _________ (identify) the people they know. It (29) _________ be very disturbing for the person who has face blindness, as they do not know how to relate with people. This would hold especially true if the person isn't aware that they might have prosopagnosia. They could become socially withdrawn (30) _________could lead to depression, panic attacks, social isolation or social anxiety.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you needA. approachesB. demonstratesC. memorialD. analyticsE. assumptionF. removeG. insightsH. complicateI. clarityJ. promotionalK. tendencyThe magic numbersThis is the age of the data scientist.Employers of all kinds prize people with the skills to obtain and analyze enormous amounts of information, to spot patterns in the data and to turn them into useful ____ (31) ____. But some of the most valuable figures in business need neither a(n)___ (32) ____ team nor knowledge of Python They are simple to remember and useful in every organization:Zero: Doing nothing can be the most valuable thing a manager can do, as the story of Atwood's duck ____ (33) ____. It was well known that the higherups had to make a change to everything that was done. The ____ (34) ____ was that subconsciously they felt that if they didn't, they weren't adding value. The artist working on the queen animations for Battle Chess was aware of this ____ (35) ____ and came up with an innovative solution. He did the animations for the queen the way that he felt would be best, with one addition: he gave the queen a pet duck. Eventually, it came time for the higher-ups to review the animation set for the queen. Sure enough, they asked the programmer to do only one thing: ____ (36) ____ the bird One: This is the number of bosses people should have. In reality, matrix(矩阵) structures and team-based____ (37) ____mean that team members report to multiple leaders. This can have benefits, but____ (38) ____is not one of them. The Gallup poll showed that those who work in a matrix are less likely to know what is expected of them, and more likely to spend their day in endless internal meetings. While the intention of the matrix is to benefit teams, it may ____ (39) ____projects and muddy the overall process.Three: Good marketing follows certain universal truths. In a paper published in 2013, two academics tested whether there was a perfect number of claims that marketers should make for their products and services in ____ (40) ____ messages. They found that making three claims was best: any fewer and consumers felt they lacked enough information to make their minds up about a product; any more and they became confused. The “rule of three” is useful in many other settings, too, from points in presentations to pricing options for customers.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Are you a digital hoarder?Most people are familiar with hoarding(囤积) and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy homes and difficulty____ (41) ____ with items that you don't use and don't even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital world.Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, is too much acquisition and ____ (42) ____ to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Most computer users save digital files to some extent, and that's expected. With digital hoarding, however, the act of saving the files becomes an uncontrollable ____ (43) ____. Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future, and ultimately, in most cases, they ____ (44) ____ get to actually use it or listen to it or read it.Digital hoarding also occurs when someone is too ____ (45) ____ to the data even to consider getting rid of it. This can include chats and photos of an old partner, ____ (46) ____ sent by a long-lost friend, or even screenshots collected several years ago.Researchers have ____ (47) ____ digital hoarders into 4 different types, according to their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, ____ (48) ____ and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders", also called “____ (49) ____ or disorganized hoarders", don't intentionally save unnecessary data. They just don't know how to organize it. "The hoarders by instruction" keep data on behalf of their company (even when they could delete much of it). Finally, “anxious hoarders" have strong emotional ____ (50) ____ to their data - and are worried about deleting it.The problem has only gotten worse since we have more ____ (51) ____ to digital storage thar ever. In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed. With ____ (52) ____ cloud space, it's logical when network users don't think twice about saving files.However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress and now researchers are observing that the negative consequences of digital hoarding may be similar to those ____ (53) ____ hoarding. ____ (54) ____, it's important to set time aside to have a good clear-out in the same way we do in the physical world. By organizing and ____ (55) ____ useless files in s regular way, people with this problem can case some of their distress and clear their own mind as well.41. A. stocking B. binding C. living D. parting42. A. reluctance B. eagerness C. perspective D. fantasy43. A. obstacle B. boost C. urge D. stream44. A. substantially B. frequently C. autonomously D. rarely45. A. transmitted B. closed C. attached D. assigned46. A. flowers B. texts C. gifts D. letters47. A. regulated B. categorized C. integrated D. stimulated48. A. rigid B. generous C. patriotic D. systematic49. A. disengaged B. enthusiastic C. reliable D. discriminated50. A. appeals B. conflicts C. issues D. ties51. A. access B. concern C. desire D. excuse52. A. multiple B. secure C. limitless D. meaningless53. A. massive B. regular C. casual D. physical54. A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore55. A. making use of B. taking care of C. getting rid of D. getting used to Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Jacob hated finishing things almost as much as he loved starting them. As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.He begged his mother for months for a guitar so that he could play Black Eyed Peas songs to Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally got one for Christmas, he found out that guitars don't pl themselves. He took a few lessons, but the strings hurt his fingers and he didn't like holding the pick, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.After reading an ad in the back of one of his comic books, Jacob decided that he wanted Wonder-Sweeper 5000 metal detector so that he could find buried treasure. So he mowed lawns all summer and shoveled driveways all winter He didn't spend his money on ice-cream like his young brother, Alex. By the time spring came he had saved $200, and he purchased the Wonder-Sweeper 5000 metal detector. He beeped it around the park for a while, be he soon found out that no one had ever left any treasure in his neighborhood. He buried the metal detector in his closest.Given Jacob's history with hobbies, it was no surprise that Jacob's father was reluctant to buy him a magician's kit for his birthday. Jacob was insistent. "Dad, this time I'll stick with it for real. I promise!” Jacob begged. Jacob's father sighed. But he was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit football and started boxing practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob's birthday came around, Jacob was both surprised and pleased to find the magician's kit that he had desired so badly. Jacob opened up the box and unwrapped the many parts in the kit. He took the many fake coins, trick cards, and rope pieces of varying length on the kitchen table and imagined pulling rabbits out of his hat and turning them into pigeons with a mysterious puff of smoke.As Jacob continued pulling plastic thumbs, foam balls, and giant playing cards out of the magic kit, a commercial on the TV caught his attention.“Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space? Experience what it's like to be an astronaut? Do you want to explore the universe? Well, now you can.” As the commercial continued playing. Jacob walked away from the magic kit on the kitchen table and stared at the TV screen longingly “For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend. Enroll now for a once in a life time experience.” Jacob's cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!" He now knew what his true purpose in life was.56. Why did Jacob stop playing the guitar?A. It hurt his fingers.B. He'd rather play drums.C. It was too expensive.D. He became interested in comic books.57. Jacob's father decided to buy him the magician's kit because_________.A. Jacob was insistent on having itB. Jacob's birthday was comingC. Jacob quit many expensive activitiesD. Jacob reminded his father of himself58. Which of the following is Jacob most likely to do next based on the end of the story?A. Become a great magician.B. Learn to play guitar well.C. Detect an incredible hidden treasure.D. Raise money to go to space camp.59. What can be learned about Jacob according to the passage?A. He was persistent in pursuing his dreams.B. He never stuck with anything for long.C. He has always wanted to be a magician.D. He finally found his true purpose in life.(B)Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is also one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Some of the best snorkeling(浮潜) can be found here. Vanuatu's islands also offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving Volcano SurfingOn Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters (1,000 feet) into the sky. It is known as the Lighthouse of the Pacific because of its regular eruptions for hundreds of years. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Some visitors find Yasur terrifying; others captivating. Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make stunning artwork from such a special point. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano.In some ways, volcano surfing, also commonly known as ash boarding, is like surfing inthe sea, but in other ways it's very different. It was invented by an adventurer journalist named Zoltan Istvan, while on a trip to Vanuatu Islands in 2002. V olcano surfing is considered as an extreme sport and there are not many practicing it. A volcano surfer's goal is to escape the erupting volcano - without getting hit by flying rocks! Riders hike up the volcano and slide down, sitting or standing, on a thin plywood or metal board. It's fast, fun, and dangerous - the perfect extreme sport.Land DivingMost people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. Aman ties tree vines (藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower. It originated as a rite (仪式) of passage for young men trying to prove their manhood. The idea is to jump from as high as possible, and to land as close to the ground as possible. It is also a harvest ritual. The islanders believe the higher the jumpers dive, the higher the crops will grow. Every spring, island natives (men only) still perform this amazing test of strength.60. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Mount Yasur is a light tower on the Pacific OceanB. The history of volcano surfing dates back centuriesC. Bungee jumping grew out of land divingD. Land diving came to Vanuatu from another country.61. The underlined word captivating is closest in meaning toA. distressingB. charmingC. disappointingD. relieving62. Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A. Untouched Beauty: NANUATUB. V olcano Adventure: V ANUATUC. Extreme Destination: V ANUATUD. Preserved Culture: V ANUATU(C)A rich burial was unearthed by archaeologists at La Almoloya, southeasterm Spain that is the cradle of the El Argar civilization, which lived in the region during the Bronze Age.La Almoloya was a primary center of politics and wealth in the El Argar territory, and although the discovery was made in 2014, experts are now taking a closer look at the sociological and political context of the unearthed treasure.The remains of a woman, along with a man who may have been her husband, were discovered in the forested hills of the area. Radiocarbon dating suggests the burial happened around 1700 BC. The pair were found with 30 objects containing precious metals and semi-precious stones, including the silver diadem(王冠), which encireled the skull(颅骨) of the woman.Experts believe that the man in the grave was probably a warrior, wear and tear on his bone indicate he spent a lot of time on horseback, and his skull had deep scars from a facial injury, while gold plugs through his earlobes indicated he was someone of distinction.The woman, named the “Princess of La Almoloya”, was buried a short time after the man with vast quantities of jewellery: bracelets, earlobe plugs and rings, to name a few. The grave goods of the woman were worth tens of thousands of dollars in today's money“We have two ways of interpreting this,” says archaeologist Roberto Risch of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. “Either you say, it’s just the wife of the king; or you say, no, she’s a political personality by herself.”Risch is a co-author of a study that was recently published about the important findings, that noted the building under which the grave was found was of equal importance - a building specifically dedicated to governing purposes in Western Europe. A wide hall was excavated (挖掘), with high ceilings, a raised platform, and a capacity for more than 50 people to sit on benches that lined the walls. “It's a building where people could be sitting listening to each other, or to someone explaining something,” says Risch, “There is no evidence of food and no clear-cut religious artefacts, so it doesn't look like a home or a temple. "The discovery at La Almoloya shed new light on the politics and gender relations in one ofthe first urban societies of the West. Previous findings have revealed that women were considered adults at a much younger age than boys were. Excavated grave goods have highlighted that girls as young as six were buried with knives and tools, but boys would be in their teens by the time they would be buried alongside such objects.Additionally, the graves of some women from El Argar were reopened generations later to bury other men and women, an unsual practice that experts believe would have been a very high honor. “What exactly their political power was, we don't know,” Risch adds. “But this burial at La Almoloya questions the role of women in [Bronze Age] politics... it questions a lot of conventional wisdom.”63. The woman discovered at La Almoloya _________.A. proved to be á princess during the Bronze AgeB. was buried long after her husband’s deathC. lived in an ancient society called El ArgarD. was holding a silver diadem when unearthed64. The man in the grave was believed to be a warrior mainly becauseA. he had gold plugs through his earlobesB. he was buried next to the womanC. he was buried with knives and toolsD. he had injuries and scars on his bones65. According to Risch, the ancient building seemed to __________.A. have been used for political meetingsB. have served some religious purposesC.be the first temple built in Western EuropeD. be specially dedicated to food trading66. What can be inferred from the discovery at La Almoloya?A. Women were buried with more riches than men in the Bronze Age.B. The role of women in Bronze Age politics had been overestimated.C. Women may have been powerful rulers in the El Argar civilization.D. Women were considered adults at a much younger age than boys.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youA. Supporters argue that quiet quitting is a way to safeguard your mental health.B. They set clear boundaries to improve work-life balance.C. Regular support and praise that make employees feel valued and connected can get lost.D. Managers must leam how to have conversations to help employees reduce disengagementand burnout.E. However, quiet quitting could be a sign that an employee is not happy in their position.F. Employees are more likely to be engaged when they have specific targets.need.Quiet QuittingWhile not a new concept, the term “quiet quitting" has recently gained popularity on social media.What is quiet quitting?Quiet quitting doesn't mean an employee has left their job, but rather has limited their tasks to avoid working longer hours. (67) __________________ They stick to what is in their job description and when they go home, they leave work behind them and focus on non-work duties and activities.(68) __________________ It may also mean they are ready to change positions or may be currently looking for another job.Why are employees quiet quitting?Quiet quitting may be a popular term, but this practice isn't new. Workers have quietly quit their jobs for years to look for something new, whether it was because of poor pay, unmanageable workload, burnout or lack of growth opportunities.Working from home has also changed the dynamics of the workplace because employees and managers are communicating in different ways through online meetings. These interactions may feel more formal than the chat sessions that happen in an office. Limited meetings can cause a disconnect between employees and management. (69) __________________How can businesses help employees?The biggest way to prevent disengagement is to improve the employee experience. Talk to employees, gather their feedback and discuss what can be done to make them feel appreciated. Make sure workloads are realistic and that there are appropriate boundaries to maintain a work-life balance. It's important to check in with employees to make sure these boundaries are clear and help establish an open and honest relationship.Further, managers should clearly outline paths of career progression to each employee. (70) __________________ A recent report revealed that more than half of employees surveyed would accept 10% less pay in exchange for a “more interesting career path or more opportunities to learn new skills”.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Don’t We Use the Math We Learn in School?How much of the math you've learned in school is used in everyday life? For the majority of people, the answer is surprisingly little. Clearly, some people learn math very well and apply it in everyday problem-solving settings. The question is why most people don't, in spite of spending many years practicing it.The first explanation blames the failure of education. One of the major barriers to using a skill in real life is automaticity. We tend to find the least-effort solution to our problem. If strugglingthrough a math problem is hard for you, you'll find a different way to solve it that doesn't rely on math. The familiar model for teaching mathematics revolves around teachers telling students certain rules, applying those rules to examples and students then practicing problems similar to the examples seen in class. By teaching in this way, a lot of the work and deep thought that went into the creation of these mathematical rules is lost. In that sense, people were never taught math thoroughly enough to use it automatically in real life.The second explanation is a little different. It argues that people may develop competence in math classes, but they struggle to translate real-life problems into a format where they can use thein mathematics knowledge. This seems most apparent in the case of applying algebra (代数). Students struggle with algebra, but they particularly struggle with word problems. Yet, the equivalent real-life problems are typically much harder than word problems. From this perspective, what people struggle with is not doing math, but recognizing where and how to apply math to real problems.Educational researchers now emphasize the importance of transfer and deep understanding They believe we need to give students more training in noticing and converting everyday situations into the math problems they know how to solve. By using real-life math applications, students can make connections between math and everyday life.V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这位诗人偏爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。
上海市徐汇、金山、松江区2016届高三英语下学期学习能力诊断(二模)试题
2015学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a restaurant. B. At the cinema.C. At the airport.D. At the laundry.2. A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday. D. Friday.3. A. Take a walk. B. Clean the backyard.C. Fill in some forms.D. Enjoy the beautiful day.4. A. She has every confidence in Susan. B. She is a little bit surprised at thenews.C. She has not read the news on the Net.D. She is not as bright and diligent asSusan.5. A. He is a very successful businessman. B. He has changed his business strategy.C. He is making plans to expand his operation.D. He was twenty when he left the company.6. A. To prevent the woman from going there. B. To make the man’s mother happy.C. To make the woman feel sorry.D. To help control the conversation.7. A. He did not attend today’s class either. B. His notes are not easy to read.C. Nobody has seen his handwriting before.D. He is very pleased to be able to help.8. A. Mike is a person difficult to deal with. B. Mike dislikes any formal gathering.C. Mike is unwilling to speak in public.D. Mike often keeps his distance from others.9. A. It is the first time they have been on a trip. B. They feel tired about travelling everywhere.C. They don’t have to worry about the time.D. They have to travel by schedules now.10. A. He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.B. He doesn’t think high blood pressure is a problem for him.C. He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.D. He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a ques tion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Two years ago. B. When he was 14.C. At the age of 18.D. When he was 21.12. A. Because his friends persuaded him to give it up.B. Because his teeth were getting really yellow.C. Because he could not afford to buy cigarettes any more.D. Because he was troubled with some health problems.13. A. Hanging out with people who don’t smoke.B. Going out for a cigarette after working hard.C. Riding his bicycle and enjoy the fresh air.D. Saving money each week for future use.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. The broken alarm system in the brain.B. The increasing demands of modern life.C. The signals the brain sends to the body.D. The suffering from serious health problems.15. A. Doing sports. B. Playing tai chi.C. Having yoghurt.D. Walking outdoors.16. A. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to life.B. Relaxation techniques help maintaining health and well-being.C. High levels of stress may lead to serious health problems.D. Relaxation should be the first priority for all people.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Customer ServicePeople going shopping in America can expect to be treated with respect from the very beginning. When customers get to the store, they are treated as honored guests. Customers don’t usually find store clerks (25) ________ (sit) around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want. Customers usually don’t have to ask (26) ________ ________ items cost, since prices are clearly marked. And (27) ________ they are at a yard sale or flea market (跳蚤市场), they don’t bother trying to bargain.When customers are ready to check out, they find the nearest and shortest checkout lane. But as Murphy’s Law would have it, whichever lane they get in, all the other lanes will move (28) ________ (fast). Good stores open new checkout lanes when the lanes get too long. Some evenoffer express lanes for customers with 10 items or less. (29) ________ they pay for their purchases, customers receive a smile and a warm “thank you” from the clerk.In America, customer service continues long after the sale. Many products come with a money-back guarantee. So if there is a problem with the product, customers can take it back. The customer service representative will often allow them to exchange the item or return it (30) ________ a full refund.For many American customers, service is everything. If a person receives poor service from a store, he probably (31) ________ (avoid) shopping there in the future. On the other hand, customers often remain loyal to a business that has excellent service even if their prices are high. Customer service in America grows out of the belief that “the customer is always right.” That (32) ________ not always be true. But, as someone has said, the customer is always the customer.(B)Is A Game Just A Game?Are you addicted to computer games? Do you stay up all night playing them? There’s no doubt that the excitement of games these days makes them hard to put down.We are spoilt for choice when it comes to gaming: You can role play － creating your own characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into (33) ________ imaginary world. And there are shooting games (34) ________ you can let out your anger and frustration in violent situations where you kill people with guns.Some people think that (35) ________ (absorb) in virtual reality does great harm to us. So far, popular games like Grand Theft Auto(36) ________ (blame)for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Others argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence (37) ________playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games are educational. Studies have also shown that the skills(38) ________ (use) in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability (39) ________ (think)in 3D and even improve our eyesight. And for some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and World of Warcraft often being played in groups. When you work as a group to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by (40) ________.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain how we think, act and feel. As most people already realize, a large part of psychology is devoted to the 41 and treatment of mental health issues, but that’s just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to applications for psychology. In addition to mental health, psychology can be applied to a variety of issues that 42 health and daily life including performance enhancement, self-help, motivation, productivity, and much more.Psychology 43 out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions of these two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers including Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology comes from the Greek word psyche, literally meaning “life” or “breath.” The 44 of psychology as a separate and independent field of study truly came about when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Wundt’s work was 45 on describing the structures that compose the mind. Wundt believed that properlytr ained individuals would be able to identify accurately the mental processes that 46 feelings, sensations and thoughts.Throughout psychology’s history, some different schools of thought have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to 47 for a period. While these schools of thought are sometimes considered as competing forces, each viewpoint has 48 to our understanding of psychology.Today, psychologists prefer to use more objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. The discipline has two major areas of focus: 49 psychology and applied psychology. Educational psychology focuses on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality, social behavior, and human development. These psychologists 50 basic research that seeks to expand our theoretical knowledge while other researchers do applied research that attempts to solve everyday problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Feeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decideto be selfless, it turns o ut, may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brai n’s reward systems.Researchers —and charities —have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources —or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette— donating almost twice as muchin photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 .If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens— a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience—they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteSection BDirections: Read the followi ng three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Handwriting has existed for about 6,000 years. It’s one of our most important inventions. Without it, we would n’t be able to record knowledge or pass ideas from one generation to the next.Most of us know, but often forget, that handwriting is not natural. It’s not like seeing or talking, which are what we are born with. In early America, only wealthy men and businessmen learned to write. A “good hand” became a sign of class and intelligence as well as morality. Most, meanwhile, signed legal documents with a mere ‘X’ and the presence of a witness. Writing only spread to the masses in the 19th century, after schools began teaching handwriting.67 —left-handed students often had their arm tied tightly to their bodies, so they’d learn to write with the “correct” hand. In more modern times, you may remember spending hours learning the correct stroke(笔画), formation and spacing of upper- and lower-case letters.But today, schools are shifting the focus to coursework in STEM – short for science, technology, engineering and mathematics. With limited hours and an increased pressure to meet higher standards, teachers are emphasizing technology and tablets and less of the written word.Technology has threatened writing long before every man, woman and child carried a phone. It came with the invention of the typewriter, which standardized written communication, and that same argument will reappear as technology advances.I don’t know if handwriting will ever die. But today, the growing emphasis on typing is having far-reaching effects. To get a glimpse of the future, just look at the youth. Instead of curly Qs or crazy Ls, kids are using emoticons such as ☺ or ☹ to give a personal touch.Typing is more democratic, too —it isn’t a complicated skill to master. Keyboards are changing the physical connection between writers and text, and people who can’t write by hand, like the blind, can now use tools to communicate only by touch.I suppose it’s easy to grieve over the passing of one era (年代) into another. Sure, I’ll miss the writing of letters, and the beautiful and well-practiced signature written with a pen. And while some pathways in our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting, we’ll developnew ones as we swipe (滑动) and double-clic k our way into the future.66. Before the 19th century in America, _____________.A. only intelligent people could learn handwriting in schoolsB. legal documents were signed with the presence of a witnessC. most of the people didn’t even know how to write their namesD. people would spend hours learning how to write every day67. Which of the following sentences can best fit in the blank in the third paragraph?A. Writing was a means of human communicationB. Writing has always been serious businessC. Schools tried different ways to force students to writeD. Young people worked hard to improve handwriting68. We can learn from the passage that ______________.A. the invention of cellphones started the decline of handwritingB. handwriting will disappear because young people write poorlyC. typing makes it possible for blind people to communicateD. typing is comparatively easy to learn, even for the disabled69. What does the writer imply in the last paragraph?A. The era of handwriting is leaving and that of typing is coming.B. Letters and signatures are gradually disappearing for sure.C. The decline of writing has drawn much attention from the public.D. Our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting.(B)Edinburgh– the fourth most beautiful city in the worldHere are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.Need inspiration?Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the lifeand work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top andyou’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views.History lovers?Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock.You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through itwith a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun –it fires everyday except Sunday. At one o'clock. Obviously.Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincideFeeling hungry?A satisfying dinner:With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie inEdinburgh”, to match with real beer (it’s in the Good BeerGuide) and enough whiskies (威士忌酒) to take up a whole pageon the drinks menu.Shopping centrePrinces Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shoppingdrag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and alsoa bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners departmentstore.Harvey Nichols: A byword (代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashionpack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try toseparate you from your cash.Hidden EdinburghEdinburgh’s deepest secret (lite rally) is a network of underground streets, whichyou can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some ofthe myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.Need trains to Edinburgh? We’ll get you sorted…70. Where can visitors enjoy a full view of the city in Edinburgh?A. Scott Monument.B. Edinburgh Castle.C. Timberyard.D. The Real Mary King’s Close.71. While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ___________.A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shoppingB. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensiveC. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey NicholsD. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols72. The underlined word“edible” is closest in meaning to _____________.A. beautifulB. eatableC. visibleD. delicate73. This page is most likely to be found at ___________.A. /en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburghB. https:///en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburghC. https:///our-destinations/edinburgh-overviewD. /discover/about-the-castle(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant. “Whoever receives t his grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,” says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applica nts (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submit,” says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were establis hed in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee explains: “As a result, it appears that men m ore easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.”In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the languageused by NW O. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the differenc e in awarding rates.”74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW’s p rocedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The words used in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers’ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Being a small business brings advantages the big ones can only dream of. Michael Heppell, author of the latest edition of “5 Star Service”, a book on customer service, has interesting take on this development. “I’m often amazed that smaller businesses think that the secret of success is to be more like the big ones, when in fact the opposite i s true,” he said.He pointed to the very different stories of two fishmongers (鱼贩) in his home town. Having served customers － including Heppell － for many years, the two were joined by a Tesco Extra, Waitrose and Marks & Spencer.The first fishmonger began to complain about these newly-arrived chains to the local press, and even his customers. He pointed out that he couldn’t compete with them on price and finally closed down.“Fishmonger two was different,” explained Heppell. “She worked hard to create a local brand and local loyalty. She would love to tell you about the fish, when and where it was caught and offer some little extras if you spent a few pounds more. She must have felt the effects of the three new arrivals in town but she didn’t complain once. She survived, and of course, since her competitor closed she’s never been busier.”Small businesses that want to grow should stop trying to imitate the big names, advised Heppell. “Find out what they don’t do that you can, and what you do that they can’t. The secret is by providing brilliant levels of service,” he went on to say.They should also start thinking about s peed, believes Heppell, and realize that this can differentiate them from larger competitors. “Smaller businesses can often change faster,adapt more easily and manage trends more quickly than the big boys. However, looking at many smaller businesses the opposite appears to be true. What can you do to get a first mover advantage?”Too often smaller business leaders feel that they have to offer whatever the larger players are offering. They believe that having a narrower range is a disadvantage, but they need to realize that it actually offers them a competitive edge. The mindset of many smaller business owners must change. They need to focus on how to improve their own businesses and what their customers really want. “Because we’re small we can offer x, y and z. It’s because we’re local that we excel at a, b and c,” should be the message, said Heppell.(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. The first fishmonger complained about the newly-arrived chains because he thought __________.79. The second fishmonger survived because she managed to _____________.80. What are the two advantages that smaller businesses can have according to Heppell?81. According to the passage, instead of trying to imitate the big names, smaller business owners should __________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这首脍炙人口的歌曲改编自一首古老的民歌。
上海市徐汇、松江、金山三区2014届高三学习能力诊断(二模)英语试题
2013学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三年级英语学科2014.4第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Visit the woman. B. Go to an interview.C. Attend a lecture.D. Work in the office.2. A. At a post office. B. At a fast-food restaurant.C. At a booking office.D. At a check-in desk.3. A. One hour later. B. Thirty minutes later.C. Twenty minutes later.D. Around ten minutes.4. A. $8. B. $12. C. $16. D. $20.5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.B. John and Tom are good friends.C. Tom has attended a yoga class.D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number.6. A. What to take up as a hobby. B. How to keep fit.C. How to handle pressure.D. What to play with.7. A. Classmates. B. Lecturers. C. Strangers. D. Relatives.8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it. B. He hasn‟t got a whole picture of it.C. He has quit writing it.D. He is seeking for a publisher now.9. A. A head waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A customer. D. Areceptionist.10. A. He‟s not surprised at the woman‟s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won‟t give the woman a surprise at th e concert tomorrow.C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.D. He understands the woman‟s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In small cups. B. In a boat on a river.C. At the bottom of a river.D. On food stored in the ground.12. A. It came from a river. B. It was extremely pure.C. It was found in large quantities.D. It was dug up from a deep mine.13. A. An early means of travel on rivers. B. An ancient method of fishing in rivers.C. An important discovery at a village.D. The way of trading foods in old times. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. She enjoyed removing others‟ drinks. B. She became more and more forgetful.C. She preferred to do everything by herself.D. She wanted to keep her house in goodorder.15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves to clean used windows.C. She is fond of clean used windows.D. She likes clean windows as my motherdid.16. A. My mother often made us confused.B. My family members had a poor memory.C. My mother helped us to form a good habitD. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you hear.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The California state assembly recently approved the so-called Paris Hilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver‟s seat in a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make an example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “little rich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican Party. “The judge 27______ have put her in jail for four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got only a four-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver's window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the streets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this bill to protect the public. There‟s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility seriously.”The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The state senate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and Governor Schwarzenegger has promised to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said, “but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of California, dogs will have to take a back seat.”The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,” said Republican Tom Ridge, “are being attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”(B)He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers‟ book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked. He thought of Tony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger‟s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I‟d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I‟ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.“Tony, do you know I‟m in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you the first time we fought, but I want you to know I‟m not,” he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed downhis face.“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, …Good work, Tony‟ and it made me feel like Christmas.”Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40______ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“Here‟s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Proba bly. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That‟s the problem with gossip: it‟s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “Let‟s meetfor coffee and have a bit of a goss ip,” I‟m inviting you to a social 45______in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: lifewould be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it‟s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, w e do notmean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______.A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good go ssip is still fine, but it‟s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could 48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked.You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.Processing Geographic DataA geographer‟s main activity is a nalyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.Advising Businesses and GovernmentAbout half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points about a location being considered.In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of the world‟s most desirable vacation sites.Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico‟s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.Physical and Human GeographyPhysical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology(地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.Some geographers study economic, political, and 63 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”51.A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading52.A. map B. mine C. shape D. honour53.A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately54.A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation55.A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible56.A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom57.A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable58.A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation59.A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences60.A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed61.A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes62.A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic63.A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social64.A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively65.A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. education Section BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Dangers of DietingThanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don‟t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person‟s body doesn‟t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is the ideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best underta ken with a doctor‟s supervision.66.After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?A. They have kidney failure.B. They gain the weight back again.C. They keep the weight off.D. They have less muscle.67.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don‟t give the body everything itneeds.B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give thebody what it needs.D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the requiredvitamins.68.Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?A. Heart disease.B. Slower weight loss.C. Psychological changes.D. Kidney failure.69.According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.B. Everyone can gain the weight back.C. Everyone has a different psychology.D. Everyone likes different foods.(B)Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald‟s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald‟s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald‟s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald‟s veteran brought out of retirement in Janu ary 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growingconcern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive‟s address, from the firm‟s first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the fir m‟s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald‟s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.The new team‟s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, p roduces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald‟s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald‟s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.70.The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.A. the constant change of its share priceB. the board‟s failure to reach an agreementC. the falling salesD. the physical problems of the chief executives71.The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably meanssomeone who _______.A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a personB. has the same right to receive the family titleC. is appointed as an executive of a companyD. is likely to take over a person‟s position when that person leaves72.Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?A. The change of the chief executive.B. People‟s concern about junk food.C. Dirty restaurant.D. Indifferent service.73.In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions(C)It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In think ing the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all on e‟s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.74.According to the theory of "thought" devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.A. talking to the soulB. concealed speechC. speaking nonverballyD. a non-linguistic behavior75.What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances one‟s capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.76.According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words77.Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control oflanguage?A. They use different concepts.B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.D. Thinking is independent of language.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon (1865) and Around the Moon (1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.Given the year in which he was writing, Verne‟s predictions wer e very good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne‟s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne‟s ship, by analogy(相似) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne‟s. Pictures began showing astronauts in space suits, as writers realized that exposure of human beings to space was deadly. Ideas of other planets were still often wrong, though. A 1928 drawing of the surface of a moon of the planet Jupiter shows it covered in plant life. Only later was it discovered that other than Earth, the planets and moons around our sun are without life as we know it. Drawings in the early 20th century showed very large space ships and stations. They were like floating cities. Writers at the time knew that trips to other stars would take hundreds of years. Those who left Earth would die on the journey; their descendants would arrive. Some writers avoided this problem by using the concept of suspended animation—a deep sleep in which a person doesn't grow older. Such travelers would awaken at the end of their journey, hundreds of years in the future. It is not impossible that these ideas could become reality one day.After the American space program had begun, the television show Star Trek became very。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2010学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科学习能力诊断卷
C25介词：保护孩子免受各种危险的侵害，无论是真实的还是假想的
C26类比，代词，代替之前的the weather
D27情态动词，表示对过去的否定判断：那时不可能预测到互联网协议第四版下的IP地址会这么快就耗尽了
B28比较级表示最高级：从未看过（比这）更糟糕的电影，即：所看的电影是最糟糕的
B29谓语动词的时态，关键词：since then：从那以后，越来越多的人报名参加公务员考试
A30定语从句谓语动词的时态和语态：现场直播；the patriotic passion：爱国热情D31表语从句的连词：是否能用老的设备在碰到坏天气时精确标出自己的位置
A32宾语从句的连词，it为形式宾语，同时这也是一个句型：see to it that：关注，注意，务必要，确保（注意，这个句型中，宾语从句的时态用一般式）
B33过去分词作宾补：使大家都感到愉快
D34让步状语从句的连词（汉语里可以说：虽然。
但是。
，英语里万万使不得，而这一错误在中译英和写作中经常出现！）
A35定语从句的连词：提供烈性酒的聚会会走下坡路（每况愈下）
C36现在分词作定语，修饰failure，相当于介词after
C37条件状语从句的连词：如果产品或服务不能满足公众的期望
A38合二为一的连词，引导从句作谓语动词的宾语，相当于the thing that，而句中的go down相当于be received/liked with approval：发明了受到人们接受和喜欢的，作为工作场所最有用的小玩意
B39句型make sb do的被动形式：be made to do...
A40让步状语从句，注意中心词为名词，因此要用no matter what
上有老人要照顾，下有孩子要抚养的中年家长在经济和经融危机的背景下走钢丝的生活
F41句子的谓语动词，published today是过去分次，作定语：一份今天出版的报告说
C42三个并列动名词的第三个between doing A, doing B and doing C：为18岁大的孩子提供经济上的支助
H43表语，注意该句的并列连词but：老人从家庭成员那里接受的照顾是无比宝贵的
E44同位语从句中的表语：对养老院越来越高费用的日益上升的担忧也许非常的不利
J45副词作状语，修饰系表搭配（谓语）：经济上在尝付养老费用方面，他们感觉不比一年前有能力
A46定语从句中的状语：用来强调老人，家属及提供照顾的人目前正面临着的困难
B47介词by的宾语（主动语态中的主语）：情况被房屋交易市场的冻结变得更糟G48宾语：不仅只是面临经济上的牺牲
D49句中并列的第二个谓语的宾语：推迟工作变动或是牺牲升职的机会
你如何看待消闲？可有可无，还是工作至上？
B50享受高质量的休闲时光变得困难了（根据前句）
D51对“休闲”所作的定义，也是常识：一件令人愉快的，值得去进行的活动A52不受生活其他方面的干扰或是影响（与51联系起来看）
D53你工作日所经历的心理压力使得你把重点放在周末和其他的休息日（本句内就应该解决）
A54你希望放松，可压力巨大（并列连词but起的作用很大）
C55从日常的日程中第一项消失的项目（根据前一句）
B56如果你按惯例（老是）放弃休闲时光（根据前段）
C57你也许正在低估这些事实实在在要花去多少时间（与58联系起来看）
D58问题是没有真实地对事情作出正确的评估（1，注意这个句型fail to do something；2，关注上一句话“shortchange themselves欺骗自己，故意少计算时间”所引出的话题）
A59然而（这个承上启下的关联词，副词有问题：上下段并没有形成转折关系）下面三个做时注意小标题：
B60抽出时间来满足你的愿望
D61一星期花整个下午，或整个晚上完完全全用在你喜欢做的事上
B62在不会有任何让你想起有其他职责的地方来享受
下面两个同样关注黑体字小标题：
C63生活领域先进科技的时尚把注意力从许多传统消遣方式所能获得的快乐中移走（先进科技对简单的消遣产生消极的影响）
D64当追逐时尚变成焦点，重点，单纯的消闲娱乐就不见了
教人游泳没那么简单
A65细节：第四段：她根本就不会游泳
D66细节判断（三对一错）：第五段中ABC都提到了
C67词义辨析：障碍（obstacle, barrier, hurdle）110-meter hurdle：110米障碍赛B68段落归纳与理解：最后第二段
三个热点问题
B69细节归纳：WORKING HOURS里可以找到
C70细节理解：PROFESSIONALISM RULES中可以看出，作者描述：许多人把运动看作只是少数水平高超的人的活动，而不是为绝大多数人的娱乐，由此可以看出奥运会没有但却应该做到的是什么，
B71三小段所反映的内容：对当前三个热点问题提出自己的看法
幼儿园教育对儿童的成长有利，但具体做法却引发争论
D72段落理解：第三段
B73细节理解：第四段最后一句
C74细节判断：最后一段
B75文章主旨概括：文章第二，第五，第六段中都说到幼儿园教育对儿童成长有利的一面，虽然具体做法有待商榷，所产生的问题有待解决
注意：第二，第五段中的关联副词however，以及文章最后一段对第六段所起的作用（转折，相当于however）
生活，工作中有了压力该怎么办？不妨看看这里提供的建议
C76认真仔细地安排要做的事
F77找时间给自己放松放松有利于继续工作
B78找人聊聊，寻求帮助
D79合理饮食，适当锻炼
A80参加旨在能让自己放松的心理培训
动物如何度过冬天？
81句子缺的是做定语修饰way的不定式（动词原形）
第一段第一行中的不定式
82具体说明what kind of inner changes所涉及的内容
第二段第一句
83句子缺的是做短语动词refer to的宾语（名词）
词义：与冬眠对应的夏眠
84回答why所提出的问题（连词Because引导的从句）
熊并非真正冬眠的原因（读懂第四段，找到最后一段中的第二句）
1 He spent all his savings on that flat.
2 It is reported that the earthquake has caused great losses to the local residents.
3 Micro blogging is getting popular with/among different age groups because it is fast, convenient and efficient.
Microblogging is getting popular with people of all ages because of its promptness, convenience and efficiency.
4 The result of the contest is not important, because what matters is my participation and experience.
To me, it is not the result of the contest but my participation and experience that matter.
What matters to me is not the result of the contest but my participation and experience.
5 Although people's view on cosmetic surgery has changed to some extent, we must acknowledge that risk goes with it.。