哈萨克斯坦劳动法中文版
中亚投资经商法律规定(3篇)

第1篇一、引言中亚地区,包括哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和土库曼斯坦五个国家,地处欧亚大陆的心脏地带,拥有丰富的自然资源和广阔的市场潜力。
近年来,随着“一带一路”倡议的深入推进,中亚地区逐渐成为全球投资者关注的焦点。
为了保障投资者的合法权益,中亚各国纷纷制定了一系列投资经商法律规定,本文将对这些法律规定进行梳理和分析。
二、中亚各国投资经商法律规定概述1. 哈萨克斯坦哈萨克斯坦是中亚地区最大的经济体,其投资法律体系较为完善。
哈萨克斯坦的投资法规定了外国投资者在哈萨克斯坦境内投资的权利和义务,主要包括以下内容:(1)投资领域:哈萨克斯坦对外国投资领域没有限制,但在涉及国家安全、公共利益等领域需经过审批。
(2)投资方式:外国投资者可以采取合资、合作、独资等形式在哈萨克斯坦投资。
(3)税收优惠:哈萨克斯坦对外国投资者提供一系列税收优惠政策,如企业所得税减免、关税减免等。
(4)外汇管理:哈萨克斯坦实行外汇自由兑换政策,外国投资者可以自由汇出汇入资金。
2. 吉尔吉斯斯坦吉尔吉斯斯坦投资法规定了外国投资者在吉尔吉斯斯坦的投资权利和义务,主要包括以下内容:(1)投资领域:吉尔吉斯斯坦对外国投资领域没有限制,但在涉及国家安全、公共利益等领域需经过审批。
(2)投资方式:外国投资者可以采取合资、合作、独资等形式在吉尔吉斯斯坦投资。
(3)税收优惠:吉尔吉斯斯坦对外国投资者提供一系列税收优惠政策,如企业所得税减免、关税减免等。
(4)外汇管理:吉尔吉斯斯坦实行外汇自由兑换政策,外国投资者可以自由汇出汇入资金。
3. 塔吉克斯坦塔吉克斯坦投资法规定了外国投资者在塔吉克斯坦的投资权利和义务,主要包括以下内容:(1)投资领域:塔吉克斯坦对外国投资领域没有限制,但在涉及国家安全、公共利益等领域需经过审批。
(2)投资方式:外国投资者可以采取合资、合作、独资等形式在塔吉克斯坦投资。
(3)税收优惠:塔吉克斯坦对外国投资者提供一系列税收优惠政策,如企业所得税减免、关税减免等。
格鲁吉亚劳动法(中文版)

栺鲁吉亚劳动法(参考译文)第一部分总则第一章前言第1条法律适用范围1.本法规范栺鲁吉亚境内的劳动和与劳动有关的关系,除非其它专门法律或栺鲁吉亚国际条约另有规定。
2.与劳动关系有关的问题,本法或其它专门法律没有规定的,由《栺鲁吉亚民亊诉讼法准则》规定。
第2条劳动关系(雇用关系)1.劳动关系指按照有组织的劳动安排由职工向用人单位完成有报酬的劳动。
2.劳动关系以友好和公正的自愿表述为结果,建立在当亊方达成的协议基础上。
3.在劳动关系中,禁止对种族、肤色、人种和社会范畴、国籍、出身、财产和地位、居所、年龄、性别、性恋趋向、限制能力、宗教或其他社团成员资栺、家庭条件、政治或其它主张有仸何形式歧视。
4.对一个人直接或间接的压迫,旨在或导致产生折磨、敌意、羞辱、伤害尊严或侮辱所在环境,或产生此种条件,与在类似条件下的其他人员相比,直接或间接损害他/她的状态,被释为歧视。
5.仍劳动本质、具体要求或其完成条件判断,在人与人乊间做出必要区别,服务以合法目标的实现,幵且是合理和必要的实现方式,不被认定为歧视。
6.在劳动关系过程中,当亊方应遵守栺鲁吉亚法律规定的基本人权和自由。
第3条劳动关系的主体1.劳动关系的主体可以是:用人单位,职工和职工协会(工会);2.用人单位是一个自然人或法律实体,或人的联合体,劳动在劳动协议基础上为其履行。
3.职工是一个自然人个体,以劳动协议为基础,向用人单位完成既定的劳动。
4.集体劳动关系主体是:职工协会(工会)和用人单位。
第事部分个人劳动关系第事章劳动关系起源第4条适合劳动的最低年龄和劳动能力起源1.自然人劳动能力构成仍16岁起。
2.16岁以下的劳动力,如果劳动关系不与未成年人利益相矛盾,不损害他或她的道德、身体和精神収育,幵且不妨碍他/她获取初级和基础教育的权利,在其全权代表或有监护权的代理人同意下有敁。
全权代表或有监护权的代理人对类似性质其它劳动关系保持有敁。
3.未满14岁的人订立劳动协议仅限于体育、艺术、文化领域和履行广告服务。
哈萨克斯坦的企业组织形式

哈萨克斯坦的企业组织形式哈萨克斯坦是中亚地区的一个国家,也是世界上最大的内陆国家之一。
在哈萨克斯坦,企业组织形式多种多样,包括有限责任公司、股份有限公司、合伙企业等等。
这些企业组织形式在哈萨克斯坦的商业环境中发挥着重要的作用。
有限责任公司(LLC)是哈萨克斯坦最常见的企业组织形式之一。
LLC是一种有限责任的企业形式,由至少一个股东组成。
LLC的股东对公司的债务承担有限责任,其责任限于其出资额。
LLC可以由个人、法人或其他组织作为股东,股东之间的权益和义务由公司章程规定。
LLC在哈萨克斯坦的设立相对简便,具有较高的灵活性和独立性,适合中小企业。
股份有限公司(JSC)是哈萨克斯坦另一种常见的企业组织形式。
JSC是一种股份制企业,由股东持有股份,并按照其持股比例分享利润和承担风险。
JSC的股东对公司的债务承担有限责任,其责任限于其出资额。
JSC可以通过公开发行股票的方式吸引更多的投资者。
JSC在哈萨克斯坦的设立相对复杂,需要满足一定的资本要求和法律程序,适合大型企业。
合伙企业是哈萨克斯坦的另一种企业组织形式。
合伙企业是由两个或多个合伙人共同组成的企业,合伙人承担无限责任。
合伙企业可以是有限合伙企业(LP)或普通合伙企业(GP)。
有限合伙企业由至少一个有限合伙人和一个普通合伙人组成,有限合伙人的责任仅限于其出资额,而普通合伙人承担无限责任。
普通合伙企业由至少两个普通合伙人组成,所有合伙人承担无限责任。
合伙企业在哈萨克斯坦的设立相对简便,适合家族企业或小型合作企业。
哈萨克斯坦还有其他一些企业组织形式,如个体工商户、外国企业驻哈分支机构等。
个体工商户是一种由个人经营的企业形式,个体工商户对企业债务承担无限责任。
外国企业驻哈分支机构是指外国企业在哈萨克斯坦设立的分支机构,其法律地位和责任由外国企业负责。
哈萨克斯坦的企业组织形式多种多样,适合不同规模和性质的企业。
根据企业的需求和资源状况,选择合适的企业组织形式对于企业的发展至关重要。
阿联酋劳动法_中文版

劳动法2005-08-27劳动法(一)简介阿联酋《劳动法》于1980年颁布实施,为"联邦法案 80年第8号"。
阿联酋的劳动及社会事务部宣称此法在保护劳方权益方面可进入世界先进行列,并引以为荣。
但同其它阿联酋法律一样,对本国公民都提供最多的权益和便利。
劳动法》共分十二个部分,193个条款,即:第一部分定义与总则 ( 条款 1-8 )第二部分对工人、青少年和妇女的雇用条款 ( 条款 9-34 )第三部分雇用合同与报酬 ( 条款 35-64 )第四部分工作时间与休假 ( 条款 65-90 )第五部分工业安全、预防措施、健康与社会保障 ( 条款91-101 )第六部分处罚条例 ( 条款102-112)第七部分解除雇用合同 ( 条款113-141)第八部分有关补偿职业病与工伤事故的规定 ( 条款142-153)第九部分劳方的集体质询 ( 条款154-165)第十部分对劳方的监督管理 ( 条款166-180)第十一部分处罚 ( 条款181-186)第十二部分总结 ( 条款187-193)(二)《劳动法》各部分内容概述:第一部分:定义与总则条款第1条:工资的定义是:根据劳动合同付给雇员的劳动报酬,可以付现金或实物,可按年、月、周、日、小时、计件或按生产任务计付。
工资应包括生活补贴。
如果劳动合同、内部规章制度或企业惯例规定对雇员的良好表现所给予的奖金包括在工资内,那么奖金应视作是工资的一部分而不是馈赠。
基本工资是:劳动合同中规定的在合同有效期内的工资,不包括任何形式的生活补贴。
条款第2条:总则中规定,有关劳务登记、合同等文件都要用阿拉伯语为书面语。
如附带其它语言的文本,则应以阿文文本为准。
条款第 3 条:《劳动法》的有关条款不适用于:1.联邦、地方政府和公共机构的官员、工作人员和雇员;2.军队、警察与保安人员;3.私人雇用的佣人等;4.农业、种植业的雇员,但不包括从事农业品加工业和长期从事与农业有关的农机操作和维修的雇员。
哈萨克斯坦民法典总则

Источник: ИС ПАРАГРАФ, 25.06.2009 11:30:08 THE CIVIL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTANTHE GENERAL PARTTHE 27th DECEMBER 1994Almaty 1994(the document has been amended by the 2.03.01)as amended by:1) Edict No. 2447 Having the Force of A Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts. August 31, 1995 (Article 3);2) Edict No. 2489 Having the Force of A Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Edict Having the Force of Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the State Registration of Legal Entities". October 5, 1995 (Articles: 106, 107, 109);3) Edict No. 2835 Having the Force of A Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of An Addendum to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (GENERAL PART). January 27, 1996;4) Law No. 30 - I of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. July 15, 1996 (Articles: 38, 41, 42, 43, 50, 59, 62, 77, 93);5) Law No. 50-I of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. December 7, 1996 (Article 86);(6) Law No. 68 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Recognition as Invalid of the Edict of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Having the Force of a Law "Concerning Bankruptcy" and Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. January 21, 1997. (Articles: 49, 51, 52, 53, and 54);(7) Law No. 80 of 5th March 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of An Addition and Amendments to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part). (Articles: 129, and 135).(8) Law of No. 132 19th June 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Article 41).(9) Law of No. 134 19th June 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Effective from the 1st of July 1997. (Articles 45, 49, 85, 182);(10) Law No. 144 of 2nd July 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Articles 19, 21);(11) Law No. 154 of 11th July 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Banking Activity. (Articles: 2, 10, 34, 41, 42, 44, 50, 55, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 106, 107, 130, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 144, 187, 199, 200, 207, 282, 291, 301, 302, 303, SYMBOL 167 \f "Times New Roman CE" 4 of Chapter 18 (Articles 329-336), Articles: 341, 353, 366, 387);(12) Law No. 211 of 2nd March 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part), and to the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the Implementation of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part)". (Articles 3, 21, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 48, 49, 50, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 110, 117, 118, 119, 125, 132, 141,152, 155, 156, 159, 162, 182, 188, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 200, 202, 207, 209, 221, 223, 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 240, 243, 251, 253, 261, 269, 281, 287, 291, 293, 299, 301, 311, 325, 328, 339, 344, 348, 350, 354, 357, 358, 364, 368, 370, 372, 390, 401, 403, 404,);(13) Law No. 221 of 22nd April 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Article 41, 60, 77, 79, 81, 84);Amendments to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part). (Article 52, 53, and 55);(15) Law No. 282 of 10th July 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Joint-Stock Companies. (Article 34, 41, 42, 50, 58, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 130, 136, 139);(16) Law No. 283 of 10th July 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Article 10);(17) Law No. 320 of 16th December 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of the State-Owned Legal Entities (Articles 34, 35, 44, 50, 104, 105 replaced, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207 replaced) effective from the 1st of January 1999;(18) Law No. 436 of 16th July 1999 of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (Article: 62, 77, 107, 282). Published on the 3rd August 1999;(19) Law No. 440 of 16th July 1999 of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Taxation. (Article 38). Effective from the date of publication;(20) Law No. 472 of 4th November 1999 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Functioning of Public Enterprises. (Articles 44 and 192). Effective from 1st January 2000;(21) Law No. 96 of 8th November 2000 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Appraisal of Property. (Article 319);(22) Law No. 128 of 18th December 2000 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Insurance and Insurance Activities. (Article 45, 49, 86, 306). Effective from 23rd December 2000;(23) Law No. 141 of 15th January 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Grain Procurement Enterprises. (Article 3) Effective from 23rd January 2001; and(24) Law No. 162 of 2nd March 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions To Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of the Banking Activity. (Article 192, 206, 328, 331). Effective from 12th March 2001.SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONSChapter 1. Regulation of Civil Rights RelationsArticle 1. Relations Regulated by Civil Legislation1. Civil legislation shall regulate commodity-money relations and other property relations based on the equality of the participants, and also personal non-property relations which are associated with property relations. Citizens, legal entities, state, and also administrative and territorial units shall be participants of the relations regulated by civil legislation.2. Personal non-property relations not associated with property relations, shall be regulated by civil legislation, unless it is otherwise provided for by legislative acts or ensues from the essence of a personal property relation.3. Civil legislation shall apply to family relations, labour relations and relations associated with the use of natural resources and the protection of the environment, which meet the requirements of paragraph 1 of this Article, in the cases where those relations are not regulated respectively by legislation concerning family, labour, use of the natural resources and protection of the environment.4. Civil legislation shall not apply to property relations which are based on the administrative or any other power subordination of one party by the other, including tax and other budget relations, except for the cases provided for by legislative acts.Article 2. The Fundamental Principles of Civil Legislationof Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Banking Activity.1. Civil legislation is based on the recognition of the equality of the participants of the relations regulated thereby, inviolability of property, freedom of agreement, prohibition of arbitrary interference in somebody's private affairs, indispensability of the free exercise of civil rights, and provision for the restitution of violated rights and their defence in the court.2. Citizens and legal entities shall acquire and exercise their civil rights by their will and in their interests. They shall be free in establishing their rights and obligations on the basis of agreements and in specifying any conditions in their agreements, which do not contradict legislation.3. Goods, services and monetary resources funds shall be unrestrictedly transferred and circulated in the entire territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Restrictions in the circulation of goods and services shall be introduced in accordance with legislative acts, where it is necessary for ensuring safety, protection of life and health of people, protection of the natural environment and valuable cultural assets.Article 3. Civil Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstanas amended by (1) Edict No. 2447 Having the Force of Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts. August 31, 1995;(12) Law of No. 211 of 2nd March 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part), and to the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the Implementation of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part)"; and(23) Law No. 141 of 15th January 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Grain Procurement Enterprises.1. The civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall consist of the present Code, laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted in accordance with it, other laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, edicts of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan having the force of laws, decrees of the Parliament, and decrees of the Senate and Majilis (legislative acts), as well as edicts of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, decrees of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan which regulate relations indicated in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 1 of the present Code.2. In case of a contradiction between the provisions of civil law which are contained in the acts of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, except for those indicated in paragraph 3 of Article 1 of the present Code, and the provisions of the present Code, then the provisions of this Code shall apply. Provisions of civil law containing in legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan which are contradictory to the provisions of the present Code, may apply only after the introduction into the Code of the appropriate amendments.3. The relations associated with the formation, reorganisation, bankruptcy and liquidation of banks and grain procurement enterprises, supervision of banking activities and their auditing, supervision of activities of grain procurement enterprises, licensing of certain types of banking transactions performance of transactions in warehouse warrants of grain procurement enterprises, shall be regulated by this Code inasmuch as this does not contradict the legislative acts that regulate the banking business and activities of grain procurement enterprises.Relations between banks and their clients, as well as relations between clients through banks, shall be regulated by civil legislation in accordance with the procedure established in paragraph 2 of this Article.4. Civil relations may be regulated by tradition, including the tradition of business operation, unless those contradict the civil legislation which is effective in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.5. Ministries and other central executive bodies, local representative and executive bodies, may issue acts which regulate civil relations, in the cases and within the limits provided for by the present Code, and by other acts of civil legislation.6. The rights of the citizens and legal entities which are established by the present Code and any other legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan may not be restricted by the acts of the bodies of thestate administration and local representative and executive bodies. Such acts shall be invalid from the moment of their adoption and must not be applicable.7. Foreign individuals and legal entities and also stateless persons shall have the right to acquire the same rights and they shall be obliged to fulfil the same obligations which are provided for by civil legislation for the citizens and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, unless legislative acts stipulate otherwise.8. When an international treaty, to which the Republic of Kazakhstan is a signatory, establishes different rules than those contained in the civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the rules of the indicated treaty shall apply. The international treaties to which the Republic of Kazakhstan is a signatory, shall apply to civil relations directly, except for the cases where it ensues from a treaty that its application requires the issuing of a domestic act of the Republic.Article 4. The Effect of Civil Legislation in Time1. Civil legislation acts shall not have retroactive force and they shall apply to relations which arise after their entering into force. The legal force of a civil legislation act shall apply to relations which arose prior to its enactment in the cases where it is directly provided for by it.2. With regard to relations which arose prior to the entering into force of a civil legislation act, it shall apply to the rights and obligations which arise after its entering into force. Relations of parties to an agreement concluded prior to the enactment of civil legislation act shall be regulated in accordance with Article 383 of this Code.Article 5. Application of Civil Legislation by Analogy1. In the cases where the relations provided for by paragraph 1 and 2 of Article 1 of this Code are not regulated directly by legislation or an agreement of the parties and tradition applicable to such relations does not exist, those provisions of civil legislation shall apply, which regulate similar relations (analogy of a law), unless this contradicts their essence.2. When it is impossible in the indicated cases to use the analogies of law, the rights and obligations of the parties shall be defined on the basis of the general fundamentals and the spirit of civil legislation as well as the requirements of good faith, reasonableness and fairness (analogy of law).Article 6. Interpretation of Civil Legislation Provisions1. Provisions of civil legislation must be interpreted literally. Where the possibility exists of different understanding of the words used in the text of legislative provisions, preference shall be given to that understanding which is consistent with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the fundamental principles of civil legislation which are outlined in this Chapter, and first of all in Article2.2. When establishing the precise meaning of a provision in civil legislation, it shall be required to consider the historic conditions under which it was introduced and its interpretation in judicial practice, unless it violates the requirements specified in paragraph 1 of this Article.Article 7. The Foundations for the Emergence ofCivil Rights and ObligationsCivil rights and obligations shall arise on the fundamentals which are specified in legislation and also from actions of citizens and legal entities which, although not specified in it, but by virtue of the general fundamentals and the spirit of civil legislation, give rise to civil rights and obligations.In accordance with this, civil rights and obligations shall arise as follows:1) out of agreements and any other transactions provided for by legislation, and also from transactions which although are not specified in it, do not contradict legislation;2) form the administrative acts which give rise to civil rights consequences by virtue of legislation;3) from court decisions which establish civil rights and obligations;4) as a result of creating or acquiring assets on the bases which are not prohibited by legislative acts;5) as a result of creating inventions, industrial samples, works of science, literature and art and any other results of intellectual activity;6) as a result of causing harm to any other person, and equally as a result of the unfair acquisition or saving of assets at the expense of another person (unfair enrichment);7) as a result of any other acts of citizens and legal entities;8) as a result of events to which legislation conditions the emergence of civil rights.Article 8. The Exercise of Civil Rights1. Citizens and legal entities at their discretion shall exercise civil rights which belong to them, including the right to their protection.2. The refusal of citizens and legal entities to exercise their rights shall not entail the cessation of those rights, except for the cases which are provided for by legislative acts.3. The exercise of civil rights must not violate the rights and the interests of any other subjects under legislation, and it must not do any harm to the environment.4. Citizens and legal entities must act in good faith, reasonably and fairly when exercising their rights, and comply with the requirements which are contained in legislation, with the moral principles of the society, while entrepreneurs must also comply with business ethics rules. This obligation may not be excluded or restricted by any agreement. The good faith, reasonableness and fairness of the acts of participants in civil rights relations shall be presumed.5. Acts of citizens and legal entities which aim to cause harm to any other person, at the abuse of rights in any other form and also at an exercise of a right in contradiction to its intention. In the case of a failure to comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs 3 to 5 of this Article the court may deny a person the protection of his right.Article 9. Protection of Civil Rights1. The protection of civil rights shall be exercised by the court, arbitration tribunal or the judgement of third party by way of: recognition of rights; restitution of the position which existed prior to the violation of the right; putting an end to behaviour which violates the right or create the threat of its violation; awarding the execution of an obligation in kind; compensation of losses; damages; recognition of the transaction as invalid; compensation of moral losses; termination or alteration of legal relations; the recognition as invalid or void of an act which does not comply with legislation of a body of the state administration or of a local representative or executive body; imposition of a fine on the state body or official for impeding a citizen or a legal entity to acquire or exercise a right, and also in the other manner as provided for by legislative acts.2. The appeal for protection of a violated right to a body of power or administration shall not prevent an appeal to the court with an action to protect a right, unless legislative acts specify otherwise.3. In the cases which are specifically provided for in legislative acts, the protection of civil rights shall be carried out directly by actual or legal acts of the person whose right is violated (self-defence).4. The person whose right is violated may require the entire restitution of the losses inflicted on him, unless legislative acts or the agreement do not stipulate otherwise. The expenditure shall be understood to mean losses, which are incurred or must be incurred by the person whose right is violated, the loss or the damage to his property (real damage) and also lost profit which this person would have received under the normal conditions of the turnover, should his right have not been violated (lost profits).5. The losses which are inflicted upon a citizen or a legal entity as a result of issuing by a governmental body of an act which does not comply with legislation, or by any other state body, and also by acts (failure to act) of the officials of those bodies, shall be subject to compensation by the Republic of Kazakhstan or by the relevant administrative and territorial unit.6. When emergence of the legal consequences of a violation is related to the guilt of the violator his guilt shall be presumed, except for the cases where legislative acts stipulate otherwise.Article 10. The Protection of the Rights ofEntrepreneurs and Consumersas amended by (3) Edict No. 2835 Having the Force of Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of An Addendum to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (GENERAL PART). January 27, 1996];(11) Law of 11th July 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Banking Activity; and(16) Law No. 283 of 10th July 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.1. Entrepreneurship is the activity of citizens and legal entities, taken on the initiative, irrespective of the form of ownership, which is aimed at the earning of profits or personal net income by way of satisfying the demand for goods (work, services) which is based on the private property (private entrepreneurship) or under the right to business authority of a state-owned enterprise (state entrepreneurship). Entrepreneurial activity shall be carried out on behalf of, under the risk, and under the property liability of the entrepreneur.2. The state shall guarantee the freedom of entrepreneurial activities and it shall ensure its protection and support.3. The rights of entrepreneurs who carry out the activities which are not prohibited by legislation shall be protected as follows:1) by the possibility to carry out entrepreneurial activities without obtaining anyone's permission, except for the types of activity which are subject to licensing;2) by a simple procedure for the registration of any type of entrepreneurship in any sphere of the economy by one registering authority by way of a arrival;3) by restricting, through legislative acts, those audits which are carried out by the state bodies;4) by a compulsory termination of entrepreneurial activities based only upon the decision of the court of law, which is passed on the basis provided for by legislative acts;5) by establishing through legislative acts of the lists of operations and types of goods and services which are prohibited for private entrepreneurship, or restricted for export and import;6) by holding the state bodies, officials and any other persons and organisations responsible for loss to the entrepreneurs and for illegal impediments to their activities;6-1) by prohibiting to executive, supervisory and monitoring bodies, to enter into contractual relations with entrepreneurial entities for the matter of performing the obligations which are the function of those bodies.7) by any other means provided for by legislation.4. The manufacture and sale of certain types of goods, work and services, because of considerations of national security; ensuring law and order; protection of the environment; property and lives and health of citizens must be carried out in accordance with the State licences. The list of such goods, work and services shall be defined by legislative acts or in accordance with the procedure established by them.5. A commercial (entrepreneurial) secret shall be protected by law. The procedure for identifying the information which constitutes a commercial secret, the methods of its protection and also the list of information which must not be included among commercial secrets shall be established by legislation.6. The protection of the rights of consumers shall be ensured by the means which are envisaged by this Code or any other legislative acts. In particular, each consumer shall have the right: to freely enter agreements to purchase goods and to use work and services; to proper quality and safety of goods (work, services);to full and reliable information on goods (work, services); and the right to join public associations of consumers.Article 11. Prohibition of Abusing the Freedomof Entrepreneurship1. Monopolistic activities and any other activities aimed at restricting or eliminating legal competition or the extraction of unreasonable advantages by the restriction of rights and legitimate interests of consumers, shall not be allowed.2. Except for the cases provided for by legislative acts, the use by entrepreneurs of civil rights for the purpose of restricting competition, shall not be allowed, in particular:1) the abuse by entrepreneurs of their dominant position in the market to restrict or terminate the production or reserve from circulation of any goods in order to create shortages or increase the prices;2) entering into and implementing by persons who carry out similar entrepreneurial activities of agreements concerning prices, subdivision of markets, elimination of any other entrepreneurs or any other conditions which materially restrict competition;3) commission of unfair acts which are aimed at restriction of the legitimate interests of a person who performs similar entrepreneurial activities and of consumers (unfair competition), in particular, the misleading of consumers with regard to the manufacturer, designation, method and place of manufacture, quality or any other properties of goods of other entrepreneurs, by way of unfair comparison of goods in advertising and in any other information, copying external design of somebody else's goods and by any other methods. The remedies to control unfair competition shall be established by legislative acts.Chapter 2. Entities in Civil Rights§ 1. Citizens of the Republic ofKazakhstan and Other Physical PersonsArticle 12. The Definition of a Physical PersonCitizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, citizens of other states, as well as stateless persons shall be understood to be physical persons. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to any physical persons, unless it is otherwise established by this Code.Article 13. The Legal Capacity of Citizens1. The capacity to have civil rights and bear obligations (civil rights capacity) shall be recognised as equal in all citizens.2. The legal capacity of a citizen shall arise at the moment of his birth and it shall cease with his demise.Article 14. The Principal Contents of the Legal Capacity of aCitizenA citizen may have, under his right of ownership , properties including foreign currency, both within the boundaries of the Republic of Kazakhstan and beyond its boundaries; inherit and bequest property; move freely in the territory of the Republic and select the place of residence; freely leave the boundaries of the Republic and return to its territory; engage in any activities which are not prohibited by legislative acts; create legal entities independently or with other citizens and legal entities, enter into any transactions which are not prohibited by legislative acts and participate in obligations; have the right to intellectual property with regard to inventions, works of science, literature and art and any other results of intellectual activity; claim the compensation for financial and moral damage; have any other property rights and personal rights.Article 15. The Name of a Citizen1. A citizen shall acquire and exercise the rights and obligations under his name including the surname and the proper name and at his discretion - the patronymic name.2. Legislation may provide for cases of anonymous acquisition by citizens of the rights and execution of obligations, or the use of a pen name (fictitious name).3. The name which is received by a citizen at his birth and also the change of the name shall be subject to registration in accordance with the procedure established by legislation concerning the registration of civil status acts.4. A citizen shall have the right to change his name in accordance with the procedure established by legislative acts. The change of name shall not be the basis for the cessation or alteration of his rights and obligations which are acquired under the former name, anonymously or under a pseudonym.5. A citizen shall be obliged to take appropriate steps to notify his debtors and creditors of a change of his name and he shall bear the risk associated with the consequences which are caused by those persons' unawareness of the change of his name.6. A citizen who has changed his name shall have the right to require the introduction of the appropriate amendments into the documents formulated for his former name.。
匈牙利劳动法中文版

匈牙利劳动法中文版 摘要: 1.匈牙利劳动法的概述 2.匈牙利劳动法的主要内容 3.匈牙利劳动法的特点 4.匈牙利劳动法对我国的启示 正文: 一、匈牙利劳动法的概述 匈牙利劳动法是匈牙利国内关于劳动力市场、劳动关系和劳动者权益保护的一部综合性法律。该法旨在维护劳动者的合法权益,促进劳动力市场的健康发展,同时为雇主和劳动者提供明确的法律依据。匈牙利劳动法包括了基本原则、劳动者权益、劳动合同、工作时间与休息、工资和社会保险等内容。 二、匈牙利劳动法的主要内容 1.基本原则:匈牙利劳动法基于平等、自愿、公平和诚实信用的原则,规定了劳动者和雇主的权利和义务。 2.劳动者权益:匈牙利劳动法对劳动者的权益进行了详细规定,包括平等就业、选择职业、获得培训、劳动安全卫生、休息休假、获得报酬等。 3.劳动合同:匈牙利劳动法规定,劳动者与雇主建立劳动关系需要签订书面劳动合同。劳动合同应当包括工作内容、工作地点、工作时间、工资待遇等条款。 4.工作时间与休息:匈牙利劳动法规定,劳动者每日工作时间不得超过 8 小时,每周工作时间不得超过 40 小时。劳动者每年享有至少 20 天的带薪休假。 5.工资:匈牙利劳动法规定,雇主应当按照国家规定和劳动合同的约定向劳动者支付工资。工资不得低于国家最低工资标准。 6.社会保险:匈牙利劳动法规定,劳动者和雇主应当参加社会保险,包括养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险等。 三、匈牙利劳动法的特点 1.权益保障全面:匈牙利劳动法对劳动者的权益进行了全面规定,保障了劳动者在劳动关系中的地位和权益。 2.劳动合同制度完善:匈牙利劳动法规定劳动合同为劳动关系的基本形式,明确了劳动合同的签订、变更、解除和终止等程序。 3.工作时间与休息制度合理:匈牙利劳动法对工作时间与休息进行了详细规定,保障了劳动者的休息权益。 4.社会保险制度健全:匈牙利劳动法规定劳动者和雇主应当参加社会保险,为劳动者提供了充分的社会保障。 四、匈牙利劳动法对我国的启示 1.完善劳动法律法规体系:借鉴匈牙利劳动法的经验,我国应当进一步完善劳动法律法规体系,保障劳动者权益。 2.加强劳动合同管理:我国应当强化劳动合同的签订、履行、变更、解除和终止等环节的管理,维护劳动者权益。 3.落实带薪休假制度:我国应当进一步落实带薪休假制度,保障劳动者的休息权益。
精干队伍减员增效——长城钻探哈萨克斯坦项目部减员增效纪实

精干队伍减员增效——长城钻探哈萨克斯坦项目部减员增效纪实作者:郑连国来源:《石油知识》 2017年第1期2016年,哈长城钻探工程有限公司萨克斯坦项目部按照公司压缩人工成本的工作要求,减少项目管理层级,降低用工总量,以培训和绩效考核为抓手,精干队伍,提升市场竞争力,保持了队伍稳定,促进了项目部经济效益增长,项目部步入了持续发展的正轨。
人工成本大大降低,拉动了项目部整体效益提升。
2016年1-9月,哈萨克斯坦钻井市场签约合同额同比2015年下降93.4%。
主营业务收入同比2015年减少91.7%,利润同比增加41.7%,实现了“逆势”增长。
2016年1-9月,哈萨克斯坦项目部用工总量944人,较2016年初下降39%,较2015年初下降55%,较2014年初下降61%。
压缩管理层级,裁减富余人员,适应企业发展需要减员增效是项目部应对低油价、顺应经济新常态的必然选择2014年下半年以来,国际油价持续走低,甲方大幅压缩钻井投资,项目部工作量严重不足,低油价带来的市场冲击进一步延续。
如何在低油价下生存下来,是项目部面临的艰巨任务和挑战,缩减队伍规模,减员增效不仅事关项目发展,还关系全体员工的切身利益,低成本发展是项目部坚持有质量有效益持续发展的必由之路。
市场工作量不足,货币贬值,项目生产经营压力剧增2016年,哈萨克斯坦钻井市场签约合同额同比2015年下降93.4%,钻机动用率10.6%,同比下降27.99%;1-5月,项目部15支钻修队伍全部停等,项目生产经营面临前所未有的压力。
哈国当地货币较2014年贬值19%,到2016年9月底金戈较比2015年初持续贬值达86%。
2016年年初项目部人工成本仍然占总成本的27%,人工成本依旧是项目经营成本构成的主体。
降低人工成本,拓宽边缘效益,是项目部降本增效的工作重心。
机构臃肿,人员冗沉,制约项目持续发展项目部2009年5月,钻机队伍30支,员工数量高峰时达到3026人,后因向西部钻探划转11部钻机,留下后勤机关人员占总人数的68.4%,后勤与一线人员比例失衡。
哈萨克斯坦共和国矿产资源法(一)

(截止到2019年4月2日现状更改和添加)参见:哈萨克斯坦共和国总理于2018年2月23日发布的第20号命令“关于执行2017年12月27日《哈萨克斯坦共和国法典》和关于矿产和矿产使用的措施”,以及哈萨克斯坦共和国2017年12月27日颁布的法律《哈萨克斯坦共和国关于矿产资源利用问题的一些立法法案的补充修正案》。
目录已根据2018年5月24日第156Ⅵ号哈萨克斯坦共和国法律进行了修订(于2018年6月29日生效)。
总则第一编通用规则第一章一般规定第1条哈萨克斯坦矿产和矿产资源利用法律法规1.哈萨克斯坦共和国关于矿产资源和矿产资源利用的立法以哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法为基础,并由本法和哈萨克斯坦共和国的其他法律法规组成。
2.如果哈萨克斯坦共和国批准的国际条约中确立的其他规则,包含在本法中,则采用该国际条约的规则。
3.如果本法与哈萨克斯坦共和国其他法律中有关于使用矿产资源领域的规则发生冲突,则应以本法的规定为准。
4.如果有关矿产的使用关系在不适于本法规范的约束情况下,则应采用哈萨克斯坦共和国民法相关规定。
第2条该法适用范围1.该法定义了矿产资源利用制度,矿产资源利用领域的国家管理和调控程序,矿产矿段权利的设立、行使和终止,矿产资源利用人的法律地位及开展相关业务,矿产利用和矿产资源利用支配权的问题以及其他与矿产资源利用有关的关系。
2.土地、水和其他自然资源的使用受到哈萨克斯坦共和国土地、水和环境立法的管制,该法律确定了这些相关自然资源的使用和保护机制。
3.由本法规定的关系的参与者是国家、哈萨克斯坦共和国的公民和法人。
4.外国人、无国籍人以及外国法人实体在哈萨克斯坦共和国享有权利和自由的同时,必须履行与哈萨克斯坦公民和法人同等的与矿产资源利用相关的义务,如果本法没有规定的,则根据哈萨克斯坦共和国已批准的法律和国际条约为准。
第3条哈萨克斯坦共和国矿产资源和矿产资源利用法的目标和任务1.哈萨克斯坦共和国矿产资源和矿产资源利用法的目标是确保哈萨克斯坦共和国矿物原料基地的可持续发展,以促进国家经济增长和保障社会福祉。
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哈萨克斯坦共和国劳动法 哈萨克斯坦共和国2007年05月15日,列印251代码
“哈萨克斯坦真理报”2007年5月22日, N 76(25321) 哈萨克斯坦共和国议会公报 2007年5月,第65条,N9(2490)
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总部分 第1 篇 总款 第1 章 总则 第1 条 本法使用的主要概念 1.本法使用了以下概念: 1)民事职务 — 民事职员的履行官办,国家企业任务及功能职务权力专业活动; 2)民事职员—是人员根据哈萨克斯坦共和国法律在官办,国家企业任职编制内的带薪职位及履行职务权利为了实行企业的功能及任务,而且进行技术服务及保证国家机关的运行。 3)最低工资限额—本法典规定保障最低工资额对不合格员工进行在标准条件及标准工作时间延续下(较重)劳动。 4)专门服装 — 保护员工免受危害或危险生产因素的衣服,脱鞋,帽子,手套 及其他物品。 5)重体力劳动:它是劳动者活动的一些种类,它是与用手工:抬高或移动重物 有关,或是其它一些需要消耗 250 多千卡/小时热量的工作。 6)换班工作 — 在一个昼夜两,三或四换班的工作。 7) 社会伙伴关系 — 雇员(雇员代表人),雇主(雇主代表人),国家机关之间保证协调它及劳动关系利益互相关系系统。 8)总行业分支(关税),区域性协定(以下简称协议) — 法律条文社会伙伴关系方之间签订,法律条文规定方面确定劳动条件的义务,雇员的就业及国家、区域级的社会保证。 9) 停工-由于经济,工艺,创办,另外生产或自然特征缘故临时停工。 10)鉴定等级-对雇员的技术水平要求和所从事工作的复杂程度; 11) 劳动争议委员会- 按雇主及雇员(代表人)协议创立机构为了调节集体劳动争议。 12)调解程序-首先在劳动争议委员会把集体劳动争议依次地审核,如不达成协议在劳动仲裁审核。 13)中间人-是自然人或者法人,双方为了解决劳动争议引起的。 14)休假 —是为了保证带薪年假暂时脱离工作,并在此期间为其保留工作岗位及本法典规定情况下保留工资。 15)劳动 —定向成立物质、精神及其他财富为了人民生活及满足人与社会需求的活动。 16)劳动报酬-按照本法典及其他哈萨克斯坦共和国法令,以及协议、劳动法律,集体合同及雇主规章对雇员进行的劳动保证一定的付款。 17)劳动报酬最低标准—是在重体力,危险(特别危险)有害条件下劳动员工的保证最低工资额包括食品,雇员恢复体力的产品 18)劳动卫生—卫生流行病学措施,保护雇员的健康、生产及劳动程序,防止影响的预防措施。 19)劳动争议— 是使用哈萨克斯坦共和国劳动法律履行或改变协议、劳动和集体合同条件中雇主与雇员之间发生的矛盾。 20)劳动中介— 援助人口就业和私人就业公司对人民协助安置的授权机构。 21)劳动条件 — 支付方式,标定劳动,工作时间及休息时间条件,配合职务,扩大服务范围,执行缺席雇员义务程序,劳动安全保护,技术,生产,日常生活条件,以及其他双方确定的劳动条件。 22)有权势的国家劳动机关- 哈萨克斯坦共和国国家机关根据哈萨克斯坦共和 国法律实现劳动领域方面的国家政策。 23)有权势的国家劳动机关的领土部门-有权势的国家劳动机关的结构部门根据 哈萨克斯坦共和国法律在行政领土单位劳动范围内有权势。 24)劳动关系— 雇员与雇主之间为了哈萨克斯坦共和国法律,劳动合同,集体合同预见到履行义务及权力发生。 25)跟劳动关系有关的关系-管理及组织劳动,就业,专业培训,进修及雇员,社会伙伴提高资格的关系及本法典预见到情况签订集体合同及协议,雇员参与解 决劳资纠纷,遵守哈萨克斯坦共和国劳动法律的管理。 26)劳动安全-工人的安全状态,以确保全面活动,但不包括员工在有害的和(或)危险的工作环境中的复杂措施。 27)安全劳动的条件-雇员进行劳动义务时劳动过程及生产环境符合劳动安全保护要求。 28)劳动安全保护的监督-生产上劳动安全及保护的观察系统,安全及保护劳动状态的估计及预测。 29)劳动安全保护领域方面的标准-人机工程,卫生流行病,生理及其他保证劳动标准条件的要求。 30)劳动义务-哈萨克斯坦共和国法律条文,雇主规章,劳动合同及集体合同规定的雇员与雇主义务。 31)工龄- 按日历计算的,劳动者执行劳动职责以及其他符合本法则期间的工龄的时间; 32)劳动纪律- 哈萨克斯坦共和国法律条文,劳动合同,集体合同,协议, 雇主规章,创立文件规定雇员与雇主履行的义务。 33)劳动程序-雇员与雇主组织劳动调节关系程序。 34)劳动仲裁-由劳动争议委员会帮助下不达成协议,集体劳动合同方面成立的暂时行动机关解决劳动争议。 35)劳动保护-雇员劳动活动过程中保证生命安全及雇员的健康包括法律,经济-社会,组织-技术,卫生-流行病,医疗-防治,康复及其他活动和措施系统。 36)保护劳动的社会监察人员-在安全及保护劳动领域方面进行社会管理的雇员。 37)规定劳动定额-确定被雇员在履行劳动职责上消耗的时间在具体的组织和技术条件下及按照这些基础规定劳动定额; 38)劳动的安全条件-被雇主成立的劳动条件,指在这种条件下,没有有害和(或)危险因素的影响或影响水平不超过安全标准; 39)劳动合同-是雇主和劳动者之间签署的书面形式的协议,根据该协议,劳动者应该按照一定的专业、遵守劳动程序的规则,而雇主应为雇员提供工作,保证本法典,哈萨克斯坦共和国法律条文,集体合同及雇主规章规定的劳动条件,及时和充分补偿地向劳动者支付工资。 40)罢工- 是跟雇主集体争议中为了满足自社会经济及职业要求全部或部分地停 工。 41) 工资- 指按照工作的难度、雇员的资格,数量,质量和执行工作的条件给劳动者的酬劳和补偿费。 42)个人保护装备- 保护雇员的健康在有害或危险的工作环境中的用具,包括专门服装。 43) 雇主:是法人或自然人,劳动者与之存在劳动关系。 44)雇主代表:根据创办文件代表雇主或其团体利益的全权自然人或法人。 45)雇主条例:是雇主颁布的各种条例命令、决定、细则及内部劳动规章。 46)安置- 组织,经济及法律综合措施协助对人民保证劳动就业。 47) 工作地点- 雇员劳动活动过程中履行劳动义务时,经常或暂时处在的地方。 48)规定工作等级-根据统一员工工作难度及所达到的级别的认定可由雇主独立的依照工人工作技能熟练指南和工人职业技能熟练指南以及员工职务技能熟练指南来完成。规定工作等级指南及员工职称,领导业务技能熟练指南; 49) 工作时间:在这段时间内,劳动者根据雇主条例和个人劳动合同规章履行劳动职责而且根据已本法典规定其他算是工作时间期限内。 50) 工作时间的综合计算-不超过一年被雇主规定核算期内工作时间的计算。 51) 有害(特别有害)的劳动条件:指在这种条件下,一定的生产因素的影响会导致劳动者工作能力下降或患某种疾病或对其后代健康有不良影响。 52) 有害生产因素:指在这种生产因素下,一定的生产因素会导致劳动者健康意外急剧恶化或对其后代健康有不良影响。 53) 职业病-雇员履行劳动义务过程中由于有害生产因素导致慢性或急性病。 54) 保证-在社会劳动关系领域方面对雇员保证权力的一种条件及办法。 55) 安全标准- 按照组织,技术,卫生保健,生物及其他标准,规则,程序及准则保存雇员劳动过程中的生命及健康的质量及数量生产条件,生产及劳动过程表示出的指数。 56) 危险的劳动条件:指在这种条件下,由于未遵守劳动保护规则一定的生产因素会导致劳动者健康意外急剧恶化,暂时会经常工作能力下降,职业病,受伤或致死。 57) 有害生产因素:指在这种生产因素下,一定的生产因素会导致劳动者暂时或经常工作能力下降(生产伤外或者职业病)或致死。 58)兼职-按照劳动合同从基本工作时间外实现另外工资照付工作。 59) 雇员:与雇主存在劳动关系的自然人,他们根据个人劳动合同直接完成工作。 60) 雇员代表:工会或它们的联合机构,或劳动者授权的其他自然人或法人。 61) 节日 —哈萨克斯坦共和国的民族或国家节日。 62) 基本工资:根据劳动法,行业协议,集体或劳动合同规定付款包括工资率, 岗位薪金,计件定价。 63)生产事故-雇员履行劳动义务过程中一定的生产因素会导致劳动者健康意外 急剧恶化,暂时会经常工作能力下降,职业病,受伤或致死。 64) 生产设备-为工作,生产必修的机械,机器,仪器及其他技术工具。 65) 生产外伤-履行劳动义务过程中雇员健康的外伤导致工作能力下降。 66) 生产必要性-为了防止或消除自然灾害,事故或者立即消灭其后果,为了消除事故,停工,而其他特使情况下致死或者资产的损失,也能代替缺席的雇员。 67) 按劳动条件鉴定生产项目- 是一种活动进行的评估,为了确定生产项目, 工 间,场地,工作地点履行工作的安全,安全危害的严重程度,工作强度在安全及保护劳动领域方面,劳动卫生及确定生产环境条件的符合性。 68) 生产卫生保健— 防止或减少对劳动者危害影响的卫生,组织措施的系统及技术设备。 69) 补偿费- 跟工作特殊条件,失业有关,对雇员补偿履行劳动或哈萨克斯塔共和国预见到的其他职务时费用付款。 70) 税率系统- 是一种劳动支付系统的种类,根据税率工资额以及税率表雇员的工资微分地规定; 71) 税率表 —员工工作难度及所达到的级别的认定的是一种工资(等级)系数; 72) 税率等级-为了执行这些工作的难度水平及资格水平指数。 73) 税率工资-雇员在单位时间为执行一定难度的劳动的规定工资。 74) 纪律处罚-是对做出纪律失职的雇员纪律影响; 75) 纪律失职-雇员违反纪律,而且不合法履行劳动义务。 76) 休息时间- 是雇员的自由时间,将这些时间雇员擅自处理 。 77) 集体保护器具- 是一种技术器具供保护两位以上员工不受有害和(或)危险的工作环境的影响。 78) 集体劳动合同:是以书面形式形成的法律条例,雇主与雇员之间签订而在机关调节社会劳动关系。 79) 加班工作-是以雇主倡议规定工作时间范围外执行的工作。 80) 书面警告(通知):劳动者(雇员)或雇主直接写的申明或其它方式(传真、 电子邮件、电报、挂号信函)发出的申明。 81) 出差:依照雇主的决定,派劳动者(雇员)去外地履行劳动职责,以及派雇员去培训, 提高水平或进修。
2.哈萨克斯塔共和国劳动法的其他专门名词及概念在本法典中的使用。 脚注:第1条pk法(经修订)于2012年2月17号№ 566-IV(生效后10个日历天第一次正式发布)。
第 2 条. 哈萨克斯坦共和国的劳动法。 1.哈萨克斯坦国劳动法规是根据本国宪法制订的,它是由本法典,哈萨克斯坦共和国法令和其它哈萨克斯坦共和国法律条文构成。 2.除本法典规定情况外不允许列入调节劳动关系,社会伙伴关系及劳动保护法规在其他哈萨克斯塔共和国的法令。 3. 哈萨克斯坦国批准的国际条约在本法和其它劳动规范法令面前具有优先使用 权。除非国际条约,其应用程序需要颁布的法律。