The face

The facepeech is so important to us that we give it special treatment in our culture as an object to be classified and talked about; and we believe many cultures have a lot in common, especially about “face”.The term “FACE”，which is used in much the same way as in the expressions to lose face and to save face, meaning something like “dignity”. The theory was developed by Erving Coffman, an American sociologist, who called the work needed to maintain face “face-work”.Our face is a very fragile thing which other people can very easily damage, so we lead our social lives according to the Golden Rule ( Do to others as you would like them to do to you! ) by looking after other people’s face in the hope that they will look after ours. Much of what we usual ly call “politeness” or “etiquette”.Students are learners, some of them are better at interaction than others. Success in speech varies considerably according to the type of speech-act required. Some people are good at intellectual debate and poor at phatic communion, and vice versa; and we shall see that children who are highly skilled in verbal games may flounder in the classroom or in a formal interview. It is not obvious how success should be measured, except against the intentions of the speaker. For instance, if a chatterbox is with a person who habitually stays silent while others do the talking, each may consider themselves more successful than the other, according to how they balance the need to fill “awkward” gaps against the need to avoid trivia lity. As a teacher, should respect every student, and love them. According to each student’s situation, teach them and encourage them patiently.They are participants in the study, in classroom where they communicate with each other, and help each other .They need all the general skills for interaction plus all the specifically linguistic skills concerned with the use of linguistic items. They vary from very specific skills, dealing with particular linguistic items or with particular situations (for example how to conduct a business transaction on an expensive transatlantic telephone call ), to much more general skills, such as how to avoid ambiguity. We may perhaps think of these skills arranged hierarchically, with the most specific ones at the bottom and the most general at the top, and assume that in dealing with a particular situation the speaker will look for a specific skill in preference to a more general one, since the latter will always involve more cognitive effort and may be less successful. For instance, in asking for a ticket on a bus, it is easier and safer to use what you know about buying bus-tickets, or buying transport tickets in general, than to use a more general rule for requesting anything from anybody (for example, by saying Excuse me, would you mind selling me a ticket to …).We may guess that one of the reasons why some people perform particularly well in some situations is that they have learned very specific skills for use in those situations. If someone talks about other’s personal characteristics that might produce embarrassment, their own weaknesses will not be deliberately exposed to general view. Our teachers should avoid these things happen.Face is something that other people give to us, which is why we have to be so careful to give it to them (unless we consciously choose to insult them, which is exceptional behavior).It is interesting to see how much of language is geared to looking after the two kinds of politeness, and we shall consider some of these ways in more detail below. For solidarity-politeness we have a wide range of ways of showing intimacy and affection－words used for addressing the other person (for example, mate, love, darling, not to mention greetings like Hi!) and others used to show solidarity communication smiles, frowns, winks, nods, gestures and body-movements (Key I992)—most of which are shared not only by all human societies but also by some primates. It seems likely, therefore, that some of the skills needed for face-work are innate, as is our general need to maintain face.We need to save our own face by saving the face of everyone we talk to, so we should respect others firstly. The address of “teacher” include so much respect and feeling, we are proud of the address, meanwhile we respect our jobs, and care about our student.。