(中英文对照版)保护世界文化和自然遗产公约

(中英文对照版)保护世界文化和自然遗产公约
(中英文对照版)保护世界文化和自然遗产公约

保护世界文化和自然遗产公约

联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会第十七届会议于1972年11月16日在巴黎通过的《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》。

保护世界文化和自然遗产公约

联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会于1972年10月17日至11月21日在巴黎举行的第十七届会议,

注意到文化遗产和自然遗产越来越受到破坏的威胁,一方面因年久腐变所致,同时,变化中的社会和经济条件使情况恶化,造成更加难以对付的损害或破坏现象,考虑到任何文化或自然遗产的坏变或消失都构成使世界各国遗产枯竭的有害影响,

考虑到国家一级保护这类遗产的工作往往不很完善,原因在于这项工作需要大量手段,以及应予保护的财产的所在国不具备充足的经济、科学和技术力量,

回顾本组织《组织法》规定,本组织将通过确保世界遗产得到保存和保护以及建议有关国家订立必要的国际公约来维护、增进和传播知识,

考虑到现有关于文化财产和自然财产的国际公约、建议和决议表明,保护不论属于哪国人民的这类罕见且无法替代的财产,对全世界人民都很重要,

考虑到某些文化遗产和自然遗产具有突出的重要性,因而需作为全人类世界遗产的一部分加以保存,

考虑到鉴于威胁这类遗产的新危险的规模和严重性,整个国际社会有责任通过提供集体性援助来参与保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产;这种援助尽管不能代替有关国家采取的行动,但将成为它的有效补充,

考虑到为此有必要通过采用公约形式的新规定,以便为集体保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产建立一个依据现代科学方法组织的永久性的有效制度,

在大会第十六届会议上曾决定就此问题制订一项国际公约,

于1972年11月16日通过本公约。

Ⅰ、文化遗产和自然遗产的定义

第一条为实现本公约的宗旨,下列各项应列为“文化遗产”:

古迹:从历史、艺术或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑物、碑雕和碑画、具有考古性质的成份或构造物、铭文、窟洞以及景观的联合体;

建筑群:从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样、分布均匀或与环境景色结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的单立或连接的建筑群;

遗址:从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人的联合工程以及包括有考古地址的区域。

第二条为实现本公约的宗旨,下列各项应列为“自然遗产”:

从审美或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的由物质和生物结构或这类结构群组成的自然景观;

从科学或保护角度看具有突出的普遍价值的地质和地文结构以及明确划为受到威胁的动物和植物生境区;

从科学、保存或自然美角度看具有突出的普遍价值的天然名胜或明确划分的自然区域。

第三条本公约缔约国均可自行确定和划分上面第一条和第二条中提及的、本国领土内的各种不同的财产。

Ⅱ、文化遗产和自然遗产的国家保护和国际保护

第四条本公约缔约国承认,保证第一条和第二条中提及的、本国领土内的文化遗产和自然遗产的确定、保护、保存、展出和传与后代,主要是有关国家的责任。该国将为此目的竭尽全力,最大限度地利用本国资源,适当时利用所能获得的国际援助和合作,特别是财政、艺术、科学及技术方面的援助和合作。

第五条为确保本公约各缔约国为保护、保存和展出本国领土内的文化遗产和自然遗产采取积极有效的措施,本公约各缔约国应视本国具体情况尽力做到以下几点:

⒈通过一项旨在使文化遗产和自然遗产在社会生活中起一定作用,并把遗产保护工作纳入全面规划纲要的总政策;

⒉如本国内尚未建立负责文化遗产和自然遗产的保护、保存和展出的机构,则建立一个或几个此类机构,配备适当的工作人员和为履行其职能所需的手段;

⒊发展科学和技术研究,并制订出能够抵抗威胁本国文化或自然遗产的危险的实际方法;

⒋采取为确定、保护、保存、展出和恢复这类遗产所需的适当的法律、科学、技术、行政和财政措施;

⒌促进建立或发展有关保护、保存和展出文化遗产和自然遗产的国家或地区培训中心,并鼓励这方面的科学研究。

第六条(一)本公约缔约国,在充分尊重第一条和第二条中提及的文化遗产和自然遗产的所在国的主权,并不使国家立法规定的财产权受到损害的同时,承认这类遗产是世界遗产的一部分,因此,整个国际社会有责任进行合作,予以保护。(二)缔约国同意,按照本公约的规定,应有关国家的要求帮助该国确定、保护、保存和展出第十一条第(二)和第(四)款中提及的文化遗产和自然遗产。(三)本公约缔约国同意不故意采取任何可能直接或间接损害第一条和第二条中提及的位于本公约其他缔约国领土内的文化遗产和自然遗产的措施。

第七条为实现本公约的宗旨,世界文化遗产和自然遗产的国际保护应被理解为建立一个旨在支持本公约缔约国保存和确定这类遗产的努力的国际合作和援助系统。

Ⅲ、保护世界文化遗产和自然遗产政府间委员会

第八条(一)在联合国教育、科学及文化组织内,现建立一个保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产的政府间委员会,称为“世界遗产委员会”。委员会由联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会常会期间召集的本公约缔约国大会选出的15个缔约国组成。委员会成员国的数目将自本公约至少在40个缔约国生效后的大会常会之日起增至21个。

(二)委员会委员的选举须保证均衡地代表世界的不同地区和不同文化。(三)国际文物保存与修复研究中心(罗马中心)的一名代表、国际古迹遗址理事会的一名代表、以及国际自然及自然资源保护联盟的一名代表,可以咨询者身份出席委员会的会议。此外,应联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会常会期间参加大会的本公约缔约国提出的要求,其他具有类似目标的政府间或非政府组织的代表亦可以咨询者身份出席委员会的会议。

第九条(一)世界遗产委员会成员国的任期自当选之应届大会常会结束时起至应届大会后第三次常会闭幕时止。

(二)但是,第一次选举时指定的委员中,有1/3的委员的任期应于当选之应届大会后第一次常会闭幕时截止;同时指定的委员中,另有1/3的委员的任期应于当选之应届大会后第二次常会闭幕时截止。这些委员由联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会主席在第一次选举后抽签决定。

(三)委员会成员国应选派在文化或自然遗产方面有资历的人员担任代表。

第十条(一)世界遗产委员会应通过其议事规则。

(二)委员会可随时邀请公共或私立组织或个人参加其会议,以就具体问题进行磋商。

(三)委员会可设立它认为为履行其职能所需的咨询机构。

第十一条(一)本公约各缔约国应尽力向世界遗产委员会递交一份关于本国领土内适于列入本条第(二)款所述《世界遗产目录》的组成文化遗产和自然遗产的财产的清单。这份清单不应当看作是详尽无遗的。清单应包括有关财产的所在地及其意义的文献资料。

(二)根据缔约国按照第(一)款规定递交的清单,委员会应制订、更新和出版一份《世界遗产目录》,其中所列的均为本公约第一条和第二条确定的文化遗产和自然遗产的组成部分,也是委员会按照自己制订的标准认为是具有突出的普遍价值的财产。一份最新目录应至少每两年分发一次。

(三)把一项财产列入《世界遗产目录》需征得有关国家同意。当几个国家对某一领土的主权或管辖权均提出要求时,将该领土内的一项财产列入《目录》不得损害争端各方的权利。

(四)委员会应在必要时制订、更新和出版一份《处于危险的世界遗产目录》,其中所列财产均为载于《世界遗产目录》之中、需要采取重大活动加以保护并根据本公约要求需给予援助的财产。《处于危险的世界遗产目录》应载有这类活动的费用概算,并只可包括文化遗产和自然遗产中受到下述严重的特殊危险威胁的财产。这些危险是:蜕变加剧、大规模公共和私人工程、城市或旅游业迅速发展的项目造成的消失威胁;土地的使用变动或易主造成的破坏;未知原因造成的重大变化;随意摈弃;武装冲突的爆发或威胁;灾害和灾变;严重火灾、地震、山崩;火山爆发;水位变动、洪水和海啸等。委员会在紧急需要时可随时在《处于危险的世界遗产目录》中增列新的条目并立即予以发表。

(五)委员会应确定属于文化或自然遗产的财产可被列入本条第(二)和第(四)款中提及的目录所依据的标准。

(六)委员会在拒绝一项要求列入本条第(二)和第(四)款中提及的目录之一的申请之前,应与有关文化或自然财产所在缔约国磋商。

(七)委员会经与有关国家商定,应协调和鼓励为拟订本条第(二)和第(四)款中提及的目录所需进行的研究。

第十二条未被列入第十一条第(二)和第(四)款提及的两个目录的属于文化或自然遗产的财产,决非意味着在列入这些目录的目的之外的其他方面不具有突出的普遍价值。

第十三条(一)世界遗产委员会应接收并研究本公约缔约国就已经列入或可能适于列入第十一条第(二)和第(四)款中提及的目录的本国领土内成为文化或自然遗产的财产,要求国际援助而递交的申请。这种申请的目的可以是保证这类财产得到保护、保存、展出或恢复。

(二)当初步调查表明有理由进行深入的时候,根据本条第(一)款中提出的国际援助申请还可以涉及鉴定哪些财产属于第一条和第二条所确定的文化或自然遗产。

(三)委员会应就对这些申请所需采取的行动作出决定,适当时应确定其援助的性质和程度,并授权以它的名义与有关政府作出必要的安排。

(四)委员会应制订其活动的优先顺序并在进行这项工作时应考虑到需予保护的财产对世界文化遗产和自然遗产各具的重要性、对最能代表一种自然环境或世界各国人民的才华和历史的财产给予国际援助的必要性、所需开展工作的迫切性、受到威胁的财产所在的国家现有的资源、特别是这些国家利用本国手段保护这类财产的能力大小。

(五)委员会应制订、更新和发表已给予国际援助的财产目录。

(六)委员会应就根据本公约第十五条设立的基金的资金使用问题作出决定。委员会应设法增加这类资金,并为此目的采取一切有益的措施。

(七)委员会应与拥有与本公约目标相似的目标的国际和国家级政府组织和非政府组织合作。委员会为实施其计划和项目,可约请这类组织,特别是国际文物保存与修复研究中心(罗马中心)、国际古迹遗址理事会和国际自然及自然资源保护联盟,并可约请公共和私立机构及个人。

(八)委员会的决定应经出席及参加表决的委员的2/3多数通过。委员会委员的多数构成法定人数。

第十四条(一)世界遗产委员会应由联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事任命组成的一个秘书处协助工作。

(二)联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事应尽可能充分利用国际文物保存与修复研究中心(罗马中心)、国际古迹遗址理事会和国际自然及自然资源保护联盟在各自职权能力范围内提供的服务,为委员会准备文件资料,制订委员会会议议程,并负责执行委员会的决定。

Ⅳ、保护世界文化遗产和自然遗产基金

第十五条(一)现设立一项保护具有突出的普遍价值的世界文化遗产和自然遗产基金,称为“世界遗产基金”。

(二)根据联合国教育、科学及文化组织《财务条例》的规定,此项基金应构成一项信托基金。

(三)基金的资金来源应包括:

⒈本公约缔约国义务捐款和自愿捐款;

⒉下列方面可能提供的捐款、赠款或遗赠:

⑴其他国家;

⑵联合国教育、科学及文化组织、联合国系统的其他组织(特别是联合国开发计划署)或其他政府间组织;

⑶公共或私立团体或个人。

⒊基金款项所得利息;

⒋募捐的资金和为本基金组织的活动的所得收入;

⒌世界遗产委员会拟订的基金条例所认可的所有其他资金。

(四)对基金的捐款和向委员会提供的其他形式的援助只能用于委员会限定的目的。委员会可接受仅用于某个计划或项目的捐款,但以委员会业已决定实施该计划或项目为条件。对基金的捐款不得带有政治条件。

第十六条(一)在不影响任何自愿补充捐款的情况下,本公约缔约国同意,每

两年定期向世界遗产基金纳款,本公约缔约国大会应在联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会届会期间开会确定适用于所有缔约国的一个统一的纳款额百分比。缔约国大会关于此问题的决定,需由未作本条第(二)款中所述声明的、出席及参加表决的缔约国的多数通过。本公约缔约国的义务纳款在任何情况下都不得超过对联合国教育、科学及文化组织正常预算纳款的1%。

(二)然而,本公约第三十一条或第三十二条中提及的国家均可在交存批准书、接受书或加入书时声明不受本条第1段规定的约束。

(三)已作本条第(二)款中所述声明的本公约缔约国可随时通过通知联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事收回所作声明。然而,收回声明之举在紧接的一届本公约缔约国大会之日以前不得影响该国的义务纳款。

(四)为使委员会得以有效地规划其活动,已作本条第(二)款中所述声明的本公约缔约国应至少每两年定期纳款,纳款不得少于它们如受本条第(一)款规定约束所须交纳的款额。

(五)凡拖延交付当年和前一日历年的义务纳款或自愿捐款的本公约缔约国,不能当选为世界遗产委员会成员,但此项规定不适用于第一次选举。

属于上述情况但已当选委员会成员的缔约国的任期,应在本公约第八条第(一)款规定的选举之时截止。

第十七条本公约缔约国应考虑或鼓励设立旨在为保护本公约第一条和第二条中所确定的文化遗产和自然遗产募捐的国家、公共及私立基金会或协会。

第十八条本公约缔约国应对在联合国教育、科学及文化组织赞助下为世界遗产基金所组织的国际募款运动给予援助。它们应为第十五条第(三)款中提及的机构为此目的所进行的募款活动提供便利。

Ⅴ、国际援助的条件和安排

第十九条凡本公约缔约国均可要求对本国领土内组成具有突出的普遍价值的文化或自然遗产的财产给予国际援助。它在递交申请时还应按照第二十一条规定提交所拥有的并有助于委员会作出决定的情报和文件资料。

第二十条除第十三条第(二)款、第二十二条3项和第二十三条所述情况外,本公约规定提供的国际援助仅限于世界遗产委员会业已决定或可能决定列入第十一条第(二)和第(四)款中所述目录的文化遗产和自然遗产的财产。

第二十一条(一)世界遗产委员会应制订对向它提交的国际援助申请的审议程序,并应确定申请应包括的内容,即打算开展的活动、必要的工程、工程的预计费用和紧急程度以及申请国的资源不能满足所有开支的原因所在。这类申请须尽可能附有专家报告。

(二)对因遭受灾难或自然灾害而提出的申请,由于可能需要开展紧急工作,委员会应立即给予优先审议,委员会应掌握一笔应急储备金。

(三)委员会在作出决定之前,应进行它认为必要的研究和磋商。

第二十二条世界遗产委员会提供的援助可采取下述形式:

⒈研究在保护、保存、展出和恢复本公约第十一条第(二)和第(四)款所确定的文化遗产和自然遗产方面所产生的艺术、科学和技术性问题;

⒉提供专家、技术人员和熟练工人,以保证正确地进行已批准的工程;

⒊在各级培训文化遗产和自然遗产的鉴定、保护、保存、展出和恢复方面的工作人员和专家;

⒋提供有关国家不具备或无法获得的设备;

⒌提供可长期偿还的低息或无息贷款;

⒍在例外并具有特殊原因的情况下提供无偿补助金。

第二十三条世界遗产委员会还可向培训文化或自然遗产的鉴定、保护、保存、展出和恢复方面的各级工作人员和专家的国家或地区中心提供国际援助。

第二十四条在提供大规模的国际援助之前,应先进行周密的科学、经济和技术研究。这些研究应考虑采用保护、保存、展出和恢复自然遗产和文化遗产方面最先进的技术,并应与本公约的目标相一致。这些研究还应探讨合理利用有关国家现有资源的手段。

第二十五条原则上,国际社会只担负必要工程的部分费用。除非本国资源不许可,受益于国际援助的国家承担的费用应构成用于各项计划或项目的资金的主要份额。

第二十六条世界遗产委员会和受援国应在它们签订的协定中,确定关于获得根据本公约规定提供的国际援助的计划或项目的实施条件。接受这类国际援助的国家应负责按照协定制订的条件,对如此卫护的财产继续加以保护、保存和展出。Ⅵ、教育计划

第二十七条(一)本公约缔约国应通过一切适当手段,特别是教育和宣传计划,努力增强本国人民对本公约第一条和第二条中确定的文化和自然遗产的赞赏和尊重。

(二)缔约国应使公众广泛了解对这类遗产造成威胁的危险和为履行本公约进行的活动。

第二十八条接受根据本公约提供的国际援助的缔约国应采取适当措施,使人们了解接受援助的财产的重要性和国际援助所发挥的作用。

Ⅶ、报告

第二十九条(一)本公约缔约国在按照联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会确定的日期和方式向该组织大会递交的报告中,应提供有关它们为实施本公约所通过的立法和行政规定以及采取的其他行动的情况,并详述在这方面获得的经验。(二)应提请世界遗产委员会注意这些报告。

(三)委员会应在联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会的每届常会上递交一份关于其活动的报告。

Ⅷ、最后条款

第三十条本公约以阿拉伯文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文拟订,五种文本同一作准。

第三十一条(一)本公约应由联合国教育、科学及文化组织会员国根据各自的宪法程序予以批准或接受。

(二)批准书或接受书应交联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事保存。

第三十二条(一)所有非联合国教育、科学及文化组织会员的国家,经该组织大会邀请均可加入本公约。

(二)向联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事交存加入书后,加入方才有效。第三十三条本公约须在第20份批准书、接受书或加入书交存之日的3个月之后生效,但这仅涉及在该日或该日之前交存各自批准书、接受书或加入书的国家。就任何其他国家而言,本公约应在这些国家交存其批准书、接受书或加入书的3个月之后生效。

第三十四条下述规定适用于拥有联邦制或非单一立宪制的本公约缔约国:

⒈在联邦或中央立法机构的法律管辖下实施本公约规定的情况下,联邦或中央政府的义务应与非联邦国家的缔约国的义务相同;

⒉在无须按照联邦立宪制采取立法措施的联邦各个国家、地区、省或州的法律管辖下实施本公约规定的情况下,联邦政府应将这些规定连同其应予通过的建议一并通知各个国家、地区、省或州的主管当局。

第三十五条(一)本公约缔约国均可废弃本公约。

(二)废弃通告应以一份书面文件交存联合国教育、科学及文化组织的总干事。(三)公约的废弃应在接到废约通告书12个月后生效。废弃在生效日之前不得影响退约国承担的财政义务。

第三十六条联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事应将第三十一条和第三十二条规定交存的所有批准书、接受书或加入书以及第三十五条规定的废弃等事项通告本组织会员国、第三十二条中提及的非本组织会员的国家以及联合国。

第三十七条(一)本公约可由联合国教育、科学及文化组织的大会修订。但任何修订只对将成为修订公约的缔约国具有约束力。

(二)如大会通过一项全部或部分修订本公约的新公约,除非新公约另有规定,本公约应从新的修订公约生效之日起停止批准、接受或加入。

第三十八条按照《联合国宪章》第一百零二条,本公约须应联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事的要求在联合国秘书处登记。

1972年11月23日订于巴黎,两个正式文本均有大会第十七届会议主席和联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事的签字,由联合国教育、科学及文化组织存档,经验明无误之副本将分送至第三十一条和第三十二条所述之所有国家以及联合国。

前文系联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会在巴黎举行的,于1972年11月21日宣布闭幕的第十七届会议通过的《公约》正式文本。

1972年11月23日签字,以昭信守。

Convention concerning the Protection of the world cultural And natural heritage

Adopted by the General Conference at its seventeenth session

Paris, 16 november 1972

English Text 1

CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION

OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization meeting in Paris from 17 October to 21 November 1972, at its seventeenth session,

Noting that the cultural heritage and the natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction,

Considering that deterioration or disappearance of any item of the cultural or natural heritage constitutes a harmful impoverishment of the heritage of all the nations of the world,

Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level often remains incomplete because of the scale of the resources which it requires and of the insufficient economic, scientific, and technological resources of the country where the property to be protected is situated,

Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will maintain, increase, and diffuse knowledge by assuring the conservation and protection of the world's heritage, and recommending to the nations concerned the necessary international conventions,

Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions concerning cultural and natural property demonstrate the importance, for all the peoples of the world, of safeguarding

this unique and irreplaceable property, to whatever people it may belong,

Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of outstanding interest and therefore need to be preserved as part of the world heritage of mankind as a whole,

Considering that, in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening them, it is incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient complement thereto, Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern scientific methods, Having decided, at its sixteenth session, that this question should be made the subject of an international convention,

Adopts this sixteenth day of November 1972 this Convention.

I. DEFINITION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 1

For the purpose of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage": monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;

groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;

sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.

Article 2

For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage":

natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;

geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation;

natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.

Article 3

It is for each State Party to this Convention to identify and delineate the different properties situated on its territory mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 above.

II. NATIONAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 4

Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State. It will do all it can to this end, to the utmost of its own resources and, where appropriate, with any international

assistance and co-operation, in particular, financial, artistic, scientific and technical, which it may be able to obtain.

Article 5

To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:

(a) to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in

the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive

planning programmes;

(b) to set up within its territories, where such services do not exist, one or more services for the

protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage with an

appropriate staff and possessing the means to discharge their functions;

(c) to develop scientific and technical studies and research and to work out such operating

methods as will make the State capable of counteracting the dangers that threaten its cultural

or natural heritage;

(d) to take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures

necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this

heritage; and

(e) to foster the establishment or development of national or regional centres for training in the

protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage and to

encourage scientific research in this field.

Article 6

1. Whilst fully respecting the sovereignty of the States on whose territory the cultural and natural heritage mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 is situated, and without prejudice to property right provided by national legislation, the States Parties to this Convention recognize that such heritage constitutes a world heritage for whose protection it is the duty of the international community as a whole to co-operate.

2. The States Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, to give their help in the identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 if the States on whose territory it is situated so request.

3. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any deliberate measures which might damage directly or indirectly the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 situated on the territory of other States Parties to this Convention.

Article 7

For the purpose of this Convention, international protection of the world cultural and natural heritage shall be understood to mean the establishment of a system of international co-operation and assistance designed to support States Parties to the Convention in their efforts to conserve and identify that heritage.

III INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 8

1. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Committee", is hereby established within the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It shall be composed of 15 States Parties to the Convention, elected by States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary

session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The number of States members of the Committee shall be increased to 21 as from the date of the ordinary session of the General Conference following the entry into force of this Convention for at least 40 States.

2. Election of members of the Committee shall ensure an equitable representation of the different regions and cultures of the world.

3. A representative of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (Rome Centre), a representative of the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and a representative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), to whom may be added, at the request of States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, representatives of other intergovernmental or

non-governmental organizations, with similar objectives, may attend the meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity.

Article 9

1. The term of office of States members of the World Heritage Committee shall extend from the end of the ordinary session of the General Conference during which they are elected until the end of its third subsequent ordinary session.

2. The term of office of one-third of the members designated at the time of the first election shall, however, cease at the end of the first ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected; and the term of office of a further third of the members designated at the same time shall cease at the end of the second ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which

they were elected. The names of these members shall be chosen by lot by the President of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization after the first election.

3. States members of the Committee shall choose as their representatives persons qualified in the field of the cultural or natural heritage.

Article 10

1. The World Heritage Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.

2. The Committee may at any time invite public or private organizations or individuals to participate in its meetings for consultation on particular problems.

3. The Committee may create such consultative bodies as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

Article 11

1. Every State Party to this Convention shall, in so far as possible, submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, situated in its territory and suitable for inclusion in the list provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. This inventory, which shall not be considered exhaustive, shall include documentation about the location of the property in question and its significance.

2. On the basis of the inventories submitted by States in accordance with paragraph 1, the Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, under the title of "World Heritage List," a list of properties forming part of the cultural heritage and natural heritage, as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention, which it considers as having outstanding universal value in terms of such criteria as it shall have established. An updated list shall be distributed at least every two years.

3. The inclusion of a property in the World Heritage List requires the consent of the State concerned. The

inclusion of a property situated in a territory, sovereignty or jurisdiction over which is claimed by more than one State shall in no way prejudice the rights of the parties to the dispute.

4. The Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, whenever circumstances shall so require, under the title of "list of World Heritage in Danger", a list of the property appearing in the World Heritage List for the conservation of which major operations are necessary and for which assistance has been requested under this Convention. This list shall contain an estimate of the cost of such operations. The list may include only such property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage as is threatened by serious and specific dangers, such as the threat of disappearance caused by accelerated deterioration, large-scale public or private projects or rapid urban or tourist development projects; destruction caused by changes in the use or ownership of the land; major alterations due to unknown causes; abandonment for any reason whatsoever; the outbreak or the threat of an armed conflict; calamities and cataclysms; serious fires, earthquakes, landslides; volcanic eruptions; changes in water level, floods and tidal waves. The Committee may at any time, in case of urgent need, make a new entry in the List of World Heritage in Danger and publicize such entry immediately.

5. The Committee shall define the criteria on the basis of which a property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage may be included in either of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.

6. Before refusing a request for inclusion in one of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article, the Committee shall consult the State Party in whose territory the cultural or natural property in question is situated.

7. The Committee shall, with the agreement of the States concerned, co-ordinate and encourage the studies and research needed for the drawing up of the lists referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.

Article 12

The fact that a property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage has not been included in either of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 shall in no way be construed to mean that it does not have an outstanding universal value for purposes other than those resulting from inclusion in these lists.

Article 13

1. The World Heritage Committee shall receive and study requests for international assistance formulated by States Parties to this Convention with respect to property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage, situated in their territories, and included or potentially suitable for inclusion in the lists mentioned referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11. The purpose of such requests may be to secure the protection, conservation, presentation or rehabilitation of such property.

2. Requests for international assistance under paragraph 1 of this article may also be concerned with identification of cultural or natural property defined in Articles 1 and 2, when preliminary investigations have shown that further inquiries would be justified.

3. The Committee shall decide on the action to be taken with regard to these requests, determine where appropriate, the nature and extent of its assistance, and authorize the conclusion, on its behalf, of the necessary arrangements with the government concerned.

4. The Committee shall determine an order of priorities for its operations. It shall in so doing bear in mind the respective importance for the world cultural and natural heritage of the property requiring protection, the need to give international assistance to the property most representative of a natural environment or of the genius and the history of the peoples of the world, the urgency of the work to be done, the resources available to the States on whose territory the threatened property is situated and in particular

the extent to which they are able to safeguard such property by their own means.

5. The Committee shall draw up, keep up to date and publicize a list of property for which international assistance has been granted. 8

6. The Committee shall decide on the use of the resources of the Fund established under Article 15 of this Convention. It shall seek ways of increasing these resources and shall take all useful steps to this end.

7. The Committee shall co-operate with international and national governmental and non-governmental organizations having objectives similar to those of this Convention. For the implementation of its programmes and projects, the Committee may call on such organizations, particularly the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), as well as on public and private bodies and individuals.

8. Decisions of the Committee shall be taken by a majority of two-thirds of its members present and voting. A majority of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.

Article 14

1. The World Heritage Committee shall be assisted by a Secretariat appointed by the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

2. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, utilizing to the fullest extent possible the services of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in their respective areas of competence and capability, shall prepare the Committee's documentation and

the agenda of its meetings and shall have the responsibility for the implementation of its decisions.

IV FUND FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 15

1. A Fund for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Fund", is hereby established. 9

2. The Fund shall constitute a trust fund, in conformity with the provisions of the Financial Regulations of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:

(a) compulsory and voluntary contributions made by States Parties to this Convention,

(b) Contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:

(i) other States;

(ii) the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, other organizations of the United Nations system, particularly the United Nations Development Programme or other intergovernmental organizations;

(iii) public or private bodies or individuals;

(c) any interest due on the resources of the Fund;

(d) funds raised by collections and receipts from events organized for the benefit of the fund; and

(e) all other resources authorized by the Fund's regulations, as drawn up by the World Heritage Committee.

4. Contributions to the Fund and other forms of assistance made available to the Committee may be used only for such purposes as the Committee shall define. The Committee may accept contributions to be used only for a certain programme or project, provided that the Committee shall have decided on the

implementation of such programme or project. No political conditions may be attached to contributions made to the Fund.

Article 16

1. Without prejudice to any supplementary voluntary contribution, the States Parties to this Convention undertake to pay regularly, every two years, to the World Heritage Fund, contributions, the amount of which, in the form of a uniform percentage applicable to all States, shall be determined by the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention, meeting during the sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. This decision of the General Assembly requires the majority of the States Parties present and voting, which have not made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In no case shall the compulsory contribution of States Parties to the Convention exceed 1% of the contribution to the regular budget of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

2. However, each State referred to in Article 31 or in Article 32 of this Convention may declare, at the time of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.

3. A State Party to the Convention which has made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article may at any time withdraw the said declaration by notifying the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. However, the withdrawal of the declaration shall not take effect in regard to the compulsory contribution due by the State until the date of the subsequent General Assembly of States parties to the Convention.

4. In order that the Committee may be able to plan its operations effectively, the contributions of States Parties to this Convention which have made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, shall

be paid on a regular basis, at least every two years, and should not be less than the contributions which they should have paid if they had been bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.

5. Any State Party to the Convention which is in arrears with the payment of its compulsory or voluntary contribution for the current year and the calendar year immediately preceding it shall not be eligible as a Member of the World Heritage Committee, although this provision shall not apply to the first election. The terms of office of any such State which is already a member of the Committee shall terminate at the time of the elections provided for in Article 8, paragraph 1 of this Convention.

Article 17

The States Parties to this Convention shall consider or encourage the establishment of national public and private foundations or associations whose purpose is to invite donations for the protection of the cultural and natural heritage as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention.

Article 18

The States Parties to this Convention shall give their assistance to international fund-raising campaigns organized for the World Heritage Fund under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. They shall facilitate collections made by the bodies mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 15 for this purpose.

V. CONDITIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

Article 19

Any State Party to this Convention may request international assistance for property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage of outstanding universal value situated within its territory. It shall submit with its request such information and documentation provided for in Article 21 as it has in its possession and as will enable the Committee to come to a decision.

电力系统继电保护技术中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 原文: Relay protection development present situation Abstract: Reviewed our country electrical power system relay protection technological development process, has outlined the microcomputer relay protection technology achievement, propose the future relay protection technological development tendency will be: Computerizes, networked, protects, the control, the survey, the data communication integration and the artificial intellectualization. Key word: relay protection, present situation development, future development 1 relay protection development present situation - 1 -

The electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection propose unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time. After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 50's, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , completed to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical team's establishment. The relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has completed the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching complete system in the 60's. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, was our countries relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation. From the end of the 50's, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 60's to the 80's,it is the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely used. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kV transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500kV line , finished the 500kV line protection to depend upon completely from the overseas import time. - 2 -

我国土地资源保护存在的问题研究

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(电力行业)电力系统继电保护中英文对照表

1 Directional protection 方向保护 2 Distance protection 距离保护 3 Over current protection 过流保护 4 Pilot protection 高频保护 5 Differential protection 差动保护 6 Rotor earth-fault protection 转子接地保护 7 Stator earth-fault protection 定子接地保护 8 Over fluxing protection 过励磁保护 9 Back-up protection 后备保护 11 Sequential tripping 顺序跳闸 12 Start up/Pick up 起动 13 Breaker 断路器 14 Disconnecting switch 隔离开关 15 Current transformer 电流互感器 16 Potential transformer 电压互感器

17 Dead zone/Blind spot 死区 18 Vibration/Oscillation 振荡 19 Reliability 可靠性 20 Sensitivity 灵敏性 21 Speed 速动性 22 Selectivity 选择性 23 Step-type distance relay 分段距离继电器 24 Time delay 延时 25 Escapement/interlock/blocking 闭锁 26 Incorrect tripping 误动 27 Phase to phase fault 相间故障 28 Earth fault 接地故障 29 Through- fault 穿越故障 30 Permanent fault 永久性故障 31 Temporary fault

继电保护中英文对照要点

序号英文全称中文解释 1 A lagging power-factor 滞后的功率因数 2 A mutualky induced e.m.f 互感电动势 3 a retarding torque 制动转矩 4 Abnormal operating condition 不正常运行状态 5 Abnormal overload 异常过载 6 Abnormal overvoltage 事故过电压 7 Abnormal state 非常态 8 Above earth potential 对地电势 9 Abrupt signal analysis 突变信号分析 10 Absolute potential 绝对电势 11 AC circuit breaker 交流断路器 12 AC component 交流分量 13 AC directional over current relay 交流方向过流继电器 14 AC distribution system 交流配电系统 15 AC reclosing relay 交流重合闸继电器 16 Accelerating protection for switching onto fault 重合于故障线路加速保护动作 17 Acceleration Trend Relay(ATR) 加速趋势继电器 18 Accurate Working Current 精确工作电流 19 Accurate Working voltage 精确工作电压 20 Activate the breaker trip coil 起动断路器跳闸 21 Adaptive features 自适应特性 22 Adaptive relay protection 自适应继电保护 23 Adaptive relaying 自适应继电保护 24 Adaptive segregated directional current differential protection 自适应分相方向纵差保护 25 Admittance relays 导纳型继电保护装置 26 AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能 27 Air brake switch 空气制动开关 28 Air breaker 空气断路器 29 Air-blast circuit breaker 空气灭弧断路器 30 Air-blast switch 空气吹弧开关 31 Air-space cable 空气绝缘电缆 32 Alarm 报警 33 Alarm relay 报警信号继电器 34 Alarm signal;alerting signal 报警信号 35 Alive 带电的 36 All-relay interlocking 全部继电连锁 37 All-relay selector 全继电式选择器 38 Amplitude Comparison 绝对值比较 39 Analogue 模拟 40 Angle of maximum sensitivity 最大灵敏角 41 Annunciator relay 信号继电器

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继电保护中英文对照表.doc

继电保护中英文对照表 1 A lagging power-factor 滞后的功率因数 2 A mutualky induced e.m.f 互感电动势 3 a retarding torque 制动转矩 4 Abnormal operating condition 不正常运行状态 5 Abnormal overload 异常过载 6 Abnormal overvoltage 事故过电压 7 Abnormal state 非常态 8 Above earth potential 对地电势 9 Abrupt signal analysis 突变信号分析 10 Absolute potential 绝对电势 11 AC circuit breaker 交流断路器 12 AC component 交流分量 13 AC directional over current relay 交流方向过流继电器 14 AC distribution system 交流配电系统 15 AC reclosing relay 交流重合闸继电器 16 Accelerating protection for switching onto fault 重合于故障线路加速保护动作 17 Acceleration Trend Relay(ATR) 加速趋势继电器 18 Accurate Working Current 精确工作电流 19 Accurate Working voltage 精确工作电压 20 Activate the breaker trip coil 起动断路器跳闸 21 Adaptive features 自适应特性 22 Adaptive relay protection 自适应继电保护 23 Adaptive relaying 自适应继电保护 24 Adaptive segregated directional current differential protection 自适应分相方向纵差保护 25 Admittance relays 导纳型继电保护装置 26 AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能 27 Air brake switch 空气制动开关 28 Air breaker 空气断路器 29 Air-blast circuit breaker 空气灭弧断路器 30 Air-blast switch 空气吹弧开关 31 Air-space cable 空气绝缘电缆 32 Alarm 报警 33 Alarm relay 报警信号继电器 34 Alarm signal;alerting signal 报警信号 35 Alive 带电的 36 All-relay interlocking 全部继电连锁 37 All-relay selector 全继电式选择器 38 Amplitude Comparison 绝对值比较 39 Analogue 模拟 40 Angle of maximum sensitivity 最大灵敏角

继电保护中英文对照表

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继电保护中英文翻译

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继电保护装置用中英文对照表

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