中考词义复习题
考点02:词语(成语)运用2023年中考语文一轮复习考点专题(解析版)

考向02 词语(成语)运用例1:【2022·湖南娄底·中考真题】下列各句中,加点成语使用恰当的一项是()A.2022年6月5日10时44分,神舟十四号飞船发射升空,陈冬、刘洋、蔡旭哲三名航天员各司其职....,开启了他们的太空之旅。
B.五一长假,天气晴好,同学们来了一场说走就走的旅行,家乡周边的浮光掠影....令人陶醉。
C.开学第一堂语文课,九(4)班新来的老师强聒不舍....,出众的口才征服了全班同学,课堂上气氛非常活跃。
D.1936年2月,毛主席攀登到海拔千米、白雪覆盖的塬上视察地形,欣赏“北国风光”后,写下了栩栩如生....的经典之作《沁园春•雪》。
【答案】 A【详解】A.各司其职:各自负责掌握自己的职责。
句中用于形容三名航天员各自掌握自己的职责,符合语境,使用恰当;B.浮光掠影:像水面的光和掠过的影子一样,一晃就消逝,形容印象不深刻。
句中用于形容家乡周边的景色美好,令人陶醉,不符合语境,使用不恰当;C.强聒不舍:形容别人不愿意听,还絮絮叨叨说个不停。
句中用于形容新来的老师口才很好,不符合语境,使用不恰当;D.栩栩如生:形容艺术形象非常生动逼真,像活的一样。
句中用于形容经典之作《沁园春•雪》生动形象,不符合语境,使用不恰当。
故选A。
例2:【2022·天津·中考真题】依次填入下面一段文字横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是()欧阳修说:“立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本。
”读书要学会选择。
选择与自然有关的书,以丰富知识;选择与历史有关的书,以_______视野;选择与哲学有关的书,以_______智慧。
读书还要善于思考。
善于思考,才会有_______;善于思考,才会有取舍。
读好书,善读书,才会读有所获。
A.开阔吸收鉴定B.开辟吸收鉴别C.开阔汲取鉴别D.开辟汲取鉴定【答案】 C【详解】本题考查词语的辨析与运用。
(1)开阔:指(面积或空间范围)宽广;(思想、心胸)开朗。
中考英语复习--阅读理解之猜测词义题

二、猜测词义题的常见的提问形式
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means/ could best be replaced by _____. 2. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 3. The underlined sentence “…” means ______. ...... 4 By saying “……” we mean_______ 5 “……” as used in the passage, can be best defined as _______.
The word "guilty" in the third paragraph means ______.
A. unhappy B. worried C. happy D. sorry
9
2.One evening last July, my old car broke down on a highway. It was an hour before sunset, and I was 25 miles from home. I couldn't reach anyone to pick me up, so I decided to take a bus.
反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等,或前句为肯定,后 句为否定。总之,词与词间都起着互 为线索的作用。
释义法 对文章中的生词用定语(从 句)、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等 标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
情景推断法、代词替代法,构词法等
3
一、做题要领
1)文中找线索或信息词; 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意; 3)根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。
初中英语外研版教材语法专项训练《形容词和副词》中考单词词义辨析总复习

—Take care. I feel ____B____ the same.
A. hardly
B. exactly
C. seriously
D. properly
22. My uncle always goes swimming on weekends, but ___C_____ he also
plays basketball.
C. politely
D. recently
20. We should manage our pocket money ____A____ and use it to do
something meaningful.
A. wisely
B. usefully
C. healthily
D. slowly
21. —I'm sure I'll miss you all.
3. (2020 贵港 37 题)—How excellent the basketball players are!
—Yes. Their coach is always ____A____ with them. They practice really
hard every day.
A. strict
词义 以前 早地 晚,迟 立即,立刻
时间副词(词组) at fir st at last just now at once
the classroom.
A. even
B. rather
C. hardly
D. almost
满分点拨
分析北部湾经济区近 4 年真题可知,副词词义辨析为必考点,均在 单选和完形中考查,主要考查以-ly 结尾的副词词义辨析(5 次)、频度副 词词义辨析(2020.36)、程度副词(2020.50)和副词 back 的固定搭配 do sth. back in return (2018.50)。
中考英语名词词义辨析单选40题

中考英语名词词义辨析单选40题1. Tom is a famous singer. His music has touched the hearts of many people. He is also known for his kindness. He is a true ______.A.heroB.villainC.strangerD.foreigner答案:A。
“hero”意为“英雄、偶像”,在这里汤姆既是著名歌手又善良,所以可以被称为偶像、英雄;“villain”是“坏人、恶棍”;“stranger”是“陌生人”;“foreigner”是“外国人”。
2. In my family, my father is the breadwinner. He works hard to provide for us. He is a great ______.A.leaderB.providerC.followerD.learner答案:B。
“provider”意为“供应者、提供者”,父亲努力工作养家,是家庭的提供者;“leader”是“领导者”;“follower”是“追随者”;“learner”是“学习者”。
3. My mother is very kind. She always takes care of others. She is a ______.A.caregiverB.workerC.studentD.teacher答案:A。
“caregiver”意为“照料者”,妈妈总是照顾别人,所以是照料者;“worker”是“工人”;“student”是“学生”;“teacher”是“老师”。
4. My grandfather is a wise man. He has a lot of experience. He is a ______.A.sageB.clownC.thiefD.soldier答案:A。
专题08 常考名词辨析精讲课件中考英语语法复习

海鲜熟食 crab oysters lobster clams shrimp fish bread roast beef cheese sausage roast duck hamburger
第1组
cloth clothes clothing dress
你能区分开 上面名词吗?
cloth 指做衣服等用的布料。如“布、毛料”等,是不可数名词。 The cloth is produced in that factory. 布料是那家工厂生产的。
clothes 意为“衣服”,没有单数形式,不能单独与数词直接搭配。 Her clothes were made by her mother. 她的衣服是她母亲做的。
finger shoulder knee chest
第1组 第2组 第3组 第4组 第5组 第6组 第7组 第8组 第9组 第10组
中考常考相似名词辨析
cloth, clothes, clothing, dress journey, tour, trip, travel game, sport, match festival, holiday, vacation family, home, house habit , custom , manners , tradition affair, matter, event, melody, song, tune, theme meaning, implication, sense material, matter, substance, stuff
第9组
meaning, implication, sense
2021年牛津译林版中考英语复习:名词、形容词、副词词义辨析专题整理训练(word版含答案)

2021届牛津译林版中考英语复习:名词、形容词、副词词义辨析专题整理训练1.Cheer up, son! You have friends here. You’re not________________.A. aloneB. awakeC. afraidD. asleep2. ---Look, Grandma! ________ click on this icon, and then you can talk to the doctor.---So easy? Do I need a special number or something?A.SimpleB. SimplyC. EasyD. Easily3. ---We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology.---Hard to believe! Scientists are full of____________which leads to great changes in our life.A.attractionB. inventionC. positionD.contribution4.It’s a________ idea to build cabin(方舱) hospitals to receive patients during the outbreak of COVID-19.A.cheerfulB. classicalC. creativeD.curious5.Mrs. White is ________enough to spend her spare time on our maths problems.A.confidentB. curiousC. wiseD.generous6.My grandpa knows the history and medical_____________of many plants.A.wealthB. priceC.valueD.cost7. I don't care how many words there are in your article, but the__________of it really matters.A. abilityB.sizeC. qualityD. energy8. Kunqu Opera is______thought to be one of the symbols of Suzhou. Don't miss it during your stay here.A.hardlyB.widelyC. suddenlyD. badly9.---Look at Lucy! How weak she is!---Well, she never eats _________and that’s why she is not healthy.A.properlyB.easilyC. completelyD. smoothly10. ---Finding information is not a big deal today.---Well, the __________is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.A.courageB.technologyC. challengeD.knowledge11. Some people liked the phone_________much that they bought it as soon as it was on China’s market.A.veryB.quiteC. tooD. so12.Modest people are never ________ of the progress they have made.A.proudB.afraidC. perfectD.personal13. Amy, now go to have a nice bath and an early night, so that you will be______for the journey tomorrow.A.safeB.freshC. patientD.natural14. The fruit smells__________but sells_________at the market. I’d like to buy some to have a try.A.terrible; wellB. terribly; well,C. terrible; goodD.terribly; good15. Everyone believes that we can_________have the job finished on time with the volunteers’ help.A.clearlyB.certainlyC. suddenlyD.specially16. Nanjing isn’t so large________Shanghai. However, it’s the second__________city in East China.A. like; largestB. as; largestC. like; largerD. as; large17. There are only__________fish in the fish tank. Why not__________buy some?A. few; toB. a few; /C. a little; /D. a little; to18. You need to make a by next week, to go to university at home or go abroad.A.differenceB. decisionC. movementD. suggestion19.---I really can't believe such a wise man has made so silly a mistake.---Don't you know_____________sense is worth more than knowledge?A.generalB. unusualC. specialD. common20. I do believe friendship requires ________, or it will breaks easily.A.suggestionB. spiritC. matchD. trust21. Skimming is a kind of reading skill. It means reading the text_________to get the main idea.A.widelyB. carefullyC. clearlyD. quickly22. We can never imagine living___________life without trying to protect the world we live in.A.a betterB. the betterC. a worseD. the worst23. ---Can you tell me when the Boeing 737 MAX planes will be allowed to fly again, sir?---I’m afraid it’s still _________to talk about that. We’ll see.te enoughB. early enoughC. too lateD. too early24.She has left her glasses home today,so she could see anything clearly.A.properlyB. nearlyC.hardlyD.almost25.Good teachers have lots of ways to make their classes_______and keep their students________in class.A. lively; interestedB. alive; interestedC. lively; interestingD.alive; interesting26.It is __________ of Tom to think of new ideas.A.practicalB. creativeC. patientD. energetic27. Now many people in China spend_________money on China’s famous online shopping website Taobao.A. a great deal ofB. a large number ofC. large numbers ofD. a large army of28.Some songs written by Jay Chou about 10 years ago still feel pop by today’s __________ .A.purposesB.standardsC.challengesD.qualities29. Lights are out. The concert is to begin, the fans hold their breath for the singer’s______.A.influenceB.guidanceC.experienceD.appearance30. ---Can you tell me how to put together the bookcase?---It's easy. Just follow the____________.A. introductionsB. instructionsC. instrumentsD. interviews31. Make sure that all the waste is____________and safely dealt with.A.activelyB.closelyC. properlyD. simply32.---Why did your father get___________with you just now?---Because I did even__________in the exam this time.A.satisfied; worseB. angry; worseC. satisfied; worstD. angry; worst33. ---Do you know the Indian girl Malala?---Of course, her _______makes the whole world shocked and she becomes the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.A.advantageB.progressC.achievementD.attention34. She devoted herself_____________to her research and it made her very famous in her field.A.stronglyB. exactlyC. speciallyD. completely35. ---There is something wrong with my new shower. I’ll return it to the shop tomorrow.---How come? Are you sure you put it in __________?A.carefullyB. peacefullyC. wiselyD.properly36. The man suddenly stopped talking with his mouth like a big “O”when he found the president.A. tight closedB. tightly closedC. wide openD. widely open37. ---It’s his new book,but I think it is more interesting than his other books.---I agree with you.His latest book is up to his highest_______.A.choiceB.standardC.purposeD.wealth38.The Spring Festival is one of the ________ festivals in China and everyone loves to celebrate it.A.modernB. traditionalC.internationalD. ancient39. I’ve come to the______that Lydia is the right person to make friends with. She is helpful and honest.rmationB. directionC. conclusionD. invitation40.There’s no doubt that Zhong Nanshan is the_________ of the fight against the 2019-nCov.A. signB. heroC. prideD. symbol41. I must say it is my parents' _________ that makes me finally take up my job as a teacher.A. characterB. educationC. advantageD. influence42. ---It’s dangerous to play here.---All right. Let’s go and find a __________ place.A. quietB. safeC. brightD. warm43.---How do you like the book?---Very useful. Community safety is_________introduced in it.A.speciallyuallyC. probablyD. hardly44.---The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.---Don’t worry. You can enjoy yourself. It’s my .A.timeB. placeC. treatD. taste45. The model test is coming. Can you give me some on my study?A. adviceB. suggestionC. knowledgeD. news46.I don’t know how long they ________.I remember he _________ his wife on a sunny day.A.married, got married toB. married, got married withC.have been married, got marriedD. have been married , married47. You’ve watched the boring play many times!Why don’t you go outside and find something_____ doing?efulB. cheerfulC. enjoyableD.worth48. The photo which has won the first prize has a great ________ of color, content and feelings.A.advantageB. backgroundC. balanceD. landscape49. Climbing the mountain for the first time was so for little Sam that he almost wanted to give it up .A.excitedB. excitingC. tiredD. tiring50. ---How long can this mobile phone last?---If you use it _________ , it may work for you for quite a few years.A.smoothlyB. completelyC. properlyD. widely51. ---It's dangerous to quarrel(争吵) with the driver.---You are right. The driver can't be careful while driving a bus.A. tooB. moreC. quiteD. so52. Peter’s cousin got______ little education that he couldn’t be offered______ a good job.A. so, soB. such, soC. such, suchD. so, such53. Being _______, the novel written by a famous teacher sells _______.A. very worth of being read; goodB. well worth reading; goodC. well worth reading; wellD. very worth reading; well54. The National Day holiday nearly killed me! I was dead when I drove back home from the pretty crowded highway.A. so good asB. as good asC. as well asD. so well as55. ---I could ______ recognize(认出) my hometown!---I see. Great changes have taken place in Wuxi during the past five years.A. simplyB. hardlyC. possiblyD. nearly56. ---Why not go on a trip, say, to Hangzhou or Beijing?---That’s a good____________.A. questionB. sayingC. decisionD. suggestion57.What a terrible experience! _________, you are safe now—that’s the most important thing.A. AnywayB. MoreoverC. OtherwiseD. Indeed58. A big noise brought so many______visitors to the attention of the parade. They got together to see what washappening.A. modestB. curiousC. friendlyD. patient59.We had been walking for over 20 miles, and we were completely exhausted. What does “exhausted” meanin English?A.energeticB. tiredC. worriedD. proud60.The manager sounded ___________on the phone. He offered to show us around the company.A.softlyB.friendlyC. gentlyD. seriously参考答案1-20 ABBCD CCBAC DABAB BCBDD21-40DADCA BABDB CBCDD CBBCB41-60DBACA DDCBC ADCBB DABBB。
初中英语外研版教材语法专项训练《代词》中考单词词义辨析总复习
—She is ____C____ classmate, Annie.
A. I
B. me
C. my 7. (2019 百色 28 题)—They won the basketball match yesterday.
—Great! We are so proud of ____B____.
A. they
名词之前作定语。不 每周设置测试来检测你们的进步。[外研八
可单独使用
(下)Module 7 P58]
类别
名词性 物主 代词
用法
例句
相当于名词(=形容 This isn' t her r uler. Her s is on the desk.这不是她
词性物主代词+名 的尺子。她的(尺子)在桌子上。(her s=her r uler )
词),后不跟名词, My hobby doesn' t cost as much as your s.我的爱好
常用作主语、宾语和 没有你的(爱好)花费大。[外研八(下)Module 6
表语。可单独使用 P48](your s=your hobby)
He is an old fr iend of mine.他是我的一个老朋友。 常与 of 连用作定语
如:Can I use your bike? Mine was broken yesterday. 我能用你的自行车 吗?我的昨天坏了。 I am not quite myself today.今天我身体不舒服。 This phone is hers.这部手机是她的。 When I fell and hurt myself, my mother gave me a hug and lifted me up. 当我摔倒伤到自己时,我妈妈给了我一个拥抱,并把我抱了起来。
【中考英语总复习 易错考点分类练】01 名词(原卷及答案)
01 名词中考高频、易错考点高考频易错题典例考点一名词词义辨析The New York Times is a popular daily .A. DictionaryB. magazineC. newspaperD. guidebook错因分析:易错选B。
daily 意为“每日的”,不能准确理解此词的意思就易错选答案。
正确解答:C句意为:“《纽约时报》是一份很流行的日报。
"dictionary"词典;magazine" 杂志”;newspaper' 报纸”; guidebook"指南”。
能用daily“每日的"修饰的只能是“报纸”。
考点二可数名词的数1. I saw some and dancing in the street the day before yesterday.A. Germen; EnglishmenB. Germans. EnglishmansC. Germans;Englishmen错因分析:易错选A。
误认为German和Engishman的复教形式变化规则相同。
正确解答:C. German 的复数为Germans,而Englishman的复数为Englishmen.2. There are fifty in our school. They are all friendly to us.A. woman teachersB. women teacherC. woman teacherD. women teachers错因分析:易错选A。
复合名词变复数时,忽视由man和woman构成的复合名词这一特殊形式。
正确解答:D由man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。
考点三不可数名词I'm so hungry. Please give me to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads错因分析:易错选C。
中考英语复习专题 形容词 练习题以及答案
形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类,主要用来修饰名词或代词。
对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面:1. 形容词的比较等级;2. 形容词词义辨析;3. 形容词短语搭配。
纵观近年各地市中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。
在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。
中考考查重点:一、形容词词义辨析;二、形容词短语搭配;三、形容词比较级和最高级形容词和副词比较等级的用法一、1. 同级比较:同级比较用原形,as…as永不离;as…as加not,只言两者是同一,若是not so…as,后强前弱不看齐。
2. 比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。
【妙语诠释】①同级比较一般用as…as表示"与……一样……",这时谁强谁弱无法比较出来,而not so…as则表示后者比前者强,翻译为"不如……";②比较级通常和than 连用,而最高级通常跟有定冠词the。
二、原级用在as…as间,比较级用在than前,and连接两个比较级,说明"越来越怎样"。
三者以上最高级,副词前可不加the,even,much和a little,也常修饰比较级。
三、一者比较用原级。
比较级限二者比。
三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起。
若将等级掌握齐,比较范围要搞细。
比较级二句型记,做出句子没问题。
若甲乙程度相同,as…as 结构体。
甲某方面不及乙,用not so/as…as表示。
上述内容全记起,比较等级谈完毕。
I. Multiple Choice1. When we read a piece of news online,we'd better make sure it's _______ before sending it to others. If not,we may spread something bad.A. trueB. specialC. strange2. Mr. Black’s speech is _______. It helps us have a better understanding of life.A. sillyB. awfulC. excellent3. Shanghai has a _______ population than that in many other cities.A. largeB. largerC. largest4. We are all _______ little Mary because she won the first place in the piano competition.A. thankful toB. interested inC. proud of5. Fishing is one of ________ activities among the middleaged people.A. popularB. more popularC. the most popular6. My brother has a healthy living habit. He _______ stays up late,and he is an early bird.A. usuallyB. hardlyC. often7. I came to school ______ this morning because it was my turn to clean our classroom.A. earlyB. slowlyC. quietly8. —The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers away.—It's really ________.A. secretB. directC. amazing9. —Why is Mike so popular in your class?—Because he always tells jokes. He is______.A. humorousB. politeC. honest10. Be more ______ next time,and you won't make the same mistake again.A. carelessB. carefulC. care答案:ACBCC BACABII. Words Practice1.Your ideas are difficult, but they are____________(fascinate).2.It’s an ____________(education) experience for children to watch this movie.3.The beach is famous, ____________(especial) in summer.4.What a _______(thrill) game! The winner was in doubt until the last minute.5.It’s very ____________(excite) to sail down the river.6.It is ____________(report) that 200 people were killed in the accident.7.The classroom was very________(noise) because some students aretalking________(noise).8.He always supports charities because he thinks it’s__________(mean) to help people in need.9.Old David lives with his family in a small house____________(quiet).10.Keep clean please. It is ____________(correct) to litter there.‘'答案:fascinating educational especially thrilling exciting reported noisily meaningfulquietly incorrectIII. ClozeAmerican President Roosevelt’s(罗斯福)house was once broken into and lots of things were stolen. Hearing this, one of Roosevelt’s friends wrote to him and advised him not to take it to his heart so much. President Roosevelt 46 back at one, saying, “Dear friend, thank you for your letter to comfort me. I’m all right now. I think I should thank God. This is because of the followingthree 47 : firstly, the thief only stole things from me but did not hurt me at all; secondly, the thief has stolen some of my things instead of all my things; thirdly, most 48 for me, it was the man rather than me who became a thief.”It was quite unlucky for anyone to be stolen from. However, President Roosevelt was so_49 . It is impossible for anyone to be lucky and successful all the time as long as he lives on the earth. We should learn how to 50 failure or misfortune bravely and to try to deal with it. Being thankful can bring us a better life.46. A. wrote B. talked C. called47. A. examples B. steps C. reasons48. A. badly B. luckily C. sadly49. A. sorry B. thankfulC. angry50. A. face B. value C. find答案:ACBBAIV. ReadingHave you heard of colorful tiger-head shoes? They are a beautiful childhood memory for most Chinese people. As time goes by, However, fewer and fewer children wear such shoes.Tiger-head shoes are a traditional Chinese folk handicraft(手工艺品) and they are also used as shoes for children. Their name comes from the toecap(鞋头) which looks like the head of a tiger in the north of China, people also call them cat-head shoes. In Chinese culture, people use tiger-head patterns in the hope that their children will become as strong and healthy as tiger. Also,people believe the tiger-head patterns can protect children from illness. Hu Shuqing. a woman in Qixian County, Henan Province, has collected about 10,000 pairs of tiger-head shoes for over 17 years. Her collection is worth more than 1 million RMB. She became interested in these shoes after she got a pair from someone as a gift.Hu has traveled to many places around China to buy tiger-head shoes. She said folk handicraft needs to be protected, shared and passed on.61. Colorful tiger-head shoes are most Chinese people's childhood memories.62. Tiger-head shoes are only used as a traditional Chinese folk handicraft now.63. Chinese people think tiger-head shoes can make their children strong and healthy.64. Hu Shuqing collected about 10,000 pairs of tiger-head shoes to get over 1 million RMB.65. Hu Shuqing hopes Chinese folk handicraft can be protected ,shared and passed on.答案:61-65 ABABA。
中考英语形容词和副词词义辨析(含答案详解)
中考英语形容词和副词词义辨析一、单选题( )1. Have you seen my mobile phone, Sam? I can’t find it________.A. everywhereB. somewhereC. nowhereD. anywhere( )2.—It took me nearly two days to make the vlog_______.—I can't wait to watch it.A.hardly B.probably C.almost( )3.I like these books because they offer me a lot of________ knowledge.A. usefulB. awfulC. uselessD. boring( )4. —It's very important for us to keep ________.—You are right. We should learn how to protect ourselves when we're in trouble.A. rapidB. safeC. luckyD. social( )5. Some people are _________ power, wealth or fame, but all I want is only health and happiness.A. responsible forB. known forC. thirsty forD. thankful to( )6.The girl used to be shy, but she is ______ getting active in team work and willing to make friends.A.usually B.gradually C.mainly D.seldom( )7.—To lose weight, I have to be on a diet.—You’d better not. ________, you should take exercise.A.Instead B.However C.Therefore( )8.—What is your new classmate like?—She is very shy. She speaks so ________ that I can hardly hear her.A. loudlyB. clearlyC. quietly( )9. —The song My Country and I is very________ in China.—Yes. Chinese like to sing this song to show their love of being Chinese.A. directB. clearC. popularD. correct( )10.—Cindy, I have bought a lot of fruits for you.—Wonderful! Let's put them into the fridge to keep them________.A.Clean B.fresh C.fit( )11.—It's ________today. Let's go to the beach.—Sounds great! Don't forget your sunglasses.A. rainyB. windyC. sunnyD. cloudy( )12. What a________ boy! He worked out such a difficult math problem.A. strongB. kindC. lazyD. clever( )13.After months of looking he ________ found a job. That made him quite happy.A. hardlyB. quicklyC. finallyD. sadly( )14.The man in blue is __________ old to finish the difficult task in such a short time.A. tooB. veryC. soD. such( )15.Uncle Liang has a great collection of _________watches.A. enjoyableB. valuableC. comfortable( )16.Although it is raining _________, the policemen are still on duty in the street.A. clearlyB. directlyC. heavily( )17. —How often do you go to the cinema?—________. I only watch movies at home.A. AlwaysB. UsuallyC. SometimesD. Never( )18.—Mom, my little sister is crying all the time.—Mary, be ________! She feels sick. You should take good care of her.A. patientB. quietC. honest( )19.It’s lucky we booked a room; otherwise we’ll have ________to stay now.A. somewhereB. anywhereC. nowhereD. everywhere( )20.—Can you catch what I said?—Sorry, I can ________ understand you.A. mostlyB. nearlyC. hardly( )21.Listen to me __________, or you can't follow me.A. careB. carefulC. carefully( )22.—Peter, have you heard of the song Let it go?—Yes, it sounds _________ and it's popular among young people.A. niceB. badC. terribleD. strange( )23. Kunqu Opera is ________ thought to be one of the symbols of Suzhou. Don’t miss it during your stay here.A hardly B. widely C. suddenly D. badly( )24.David is crazy about Chinese history. He _______ visits the museums first wherever he travels in China.A. neverB. seldomC. sometimesD. always( )25.It’s a________ idea to build cabin hospitals (方舱医院) to receive patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 (新冠肺炎).A. cheerfulB. classicalC. creativeD. curious( )26.Cheer up, son! You have friends here. You’re not ________.A. aloneB. awakeC. afraidD. asleep( )27.—Look, Grandma! ________ click on this icon, and then you can talk to the doctor.—So easy? Do I need a special number or something?A. SimpleB. SimplyC. EasyD. Easily( )28.Because people can find information on the Internet, knowledge spreads ________.A.quickly B.loudly C.hardly D.nearly( )29.My grandma is a really nice person —one of________ people I know.A. niceB. nicerC. nicestD. the nicest( )30.Tan Dun has brought Chinese and Western music together.A. successfullyB. hopefullyC. harmfullyD. peacefully( )31. Although Zhong Nanshan knows the new virus is more to old people, he cares little for his own safety.A. politeB. dangerousC. friendlyD. important( )32.—I hate rain. It never ends.—Dear, don’t think of it. Try to be________ and enjoy things.A. carefulB. cheerfulC. usefulD. faithful( )33.—Hang on. I’ll tell you________ what I think of it.A. properlyB. correctlyC. exactlyD. highly( )34.My English teacher is a___________ lady and she often corrects my pronunciation again and again.A. patientB. creativeC. modestD. curious( )35.Tina ________ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.A. alwaysB. oftenC. sometimesD. hardly( )36. Chinese food is so delicious that ________ foreigners are learning to cook it.A. manyB. muchC. fewD. little( )37. Our Chinese teacher is so ________ that each students likes her.A. patientB. luckyC. shyD. busy( )38.He is too lazy so he ________ does housework. We shouldn't learn from him.A. almostB. hardlyC. probablyD. exactly( )39.Everyone in our neighborhood loves my grandma because she is ________ kind to others.A. neverB. alwaysC. seldomD. sometimes( )40.—Mummy, why do you have grey hair?—Because you always make me ________.—Oh, I know why my grandma’s hair is white.A. boredB. worriedC. relaxedD. surprised( )41. Han Hong is a talented singer. She can not only sing ________ but also write her own songs.A. quietlyB. clearlyC. loudlyD. beautifully( )42.Wingsuit Flying (翼装飞行) is one of the most ________ sports in the world.Nearly 30% people who take part in it may lose their lives.A. famousB. excitingC. dangerousD. interesting( )43.—Lily looks down these days.—She has lost a watch which is ________ for her.A. enjoyableB. valuableC. availableD. comfortable( )44.It's necessary for kids to learn to spend money ________.A. easilyB. cheaplyC. wiselyD. quickly( )45.You can bravely tell others what you think if you have different ideas. But ________ remember to choose the proper way.A. neverB. seldomC. always( )46.Friends often help us, especially during the hard time. So we should ________ them for their support.A. be sorry forB. be thankful toC. be interested in( )47.There is more space in the high-speed train and the journey becomes more ________.A.serious B.boring C.dangerous D.comfortable( )48.—China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world.That’s true. We are working________together in many fields.A.closely B.nervously C.terribly D.humorously ( )49.—I hear your uncle and aunt have moved to the countryside.—Yes. They think the life in the countryside is more ________.A.similar B.boring C.peaceful( )50.The kid is doing his lessons ________ in order to pass the test.A.wildly B.carefully C.Lazily( )51.My grandma ________ the Chinese Women's V olleyball Team and watches almost all their matches on TV.A.is crazy about B.is good for C.is strict with( )52.Emma felt________when her parents were on business trips.A.sadly B.Angrily C.Unfortunately D.lonely ( )53.—Does your brother like his new job?—I think so. He works_____________, and he is_____________.A.hard; happily B.hard; happy C.hardly; happily D.hardly; happy ( )54.—Tom, please have some fish.—Thanks. It tastes________. I want more.A. wellB. awfulC. goodD. terribly ( )55.—What do you think of Mr. Liu?—He is quite ________, but he is good at telling funny stories.A.friendly B.patient C.serious D.humorous ( )56.—You must be very hungry now.—Yes, I’m ready to do some______________ eating.A. seriousB. healthyC. localD. extra( )57.—A Long March 5 (长征五号) rocket carrying China's heaviest satellite was ___________ launched.—Amazing! It happened on Dec 27, 2019 in Wenchang, Hainan.A. successfulB. successfullyC. successD. succeed ( )58.—How ___________ your sofa feels!—Is it like a soft bed? I often lie on it for a short break at noon.A. terribleB. comfortableC. humorousD. dangerous( )59.—Is the weather still hot and dry these days?—Yes. It will ___________ rain this week.A. hardlyB. actuallyC. mostlyD. recently( )60.—Have you heard about the book Learn English Tell China’s Stories?—Of course! It’s a ____________ book because it helps English learners spread Chinese culture.A. traditionalB. meaningfulC. socialD. private( )61.—Let’s divide the rubbish into different kinds before throwing it away.—OK. It’s ___________ us to use some of it again.A. thankful toB. good forC. similar toD. painful for( )62.I love this city, ___________ in the spring, even though I was not born here.A. certainlyB. nearlyC. especiallyD. properly( )63.You look the same now as you looked ten years ago. You’ve ________ changed.A. completelyB. hardlyC. greatlyD. already( )64.Li Lei didn't play computer games last weekend. ________, he worked as a volunteer in an old people's home.A. InsteadB. CertainlyC. ThoughD. Gradually( )65.Life is ________ love everywhere. Let's enjoy it.A. full ofB. made ofC. proud ofD. afraid of( )66.It’s necessary ________ masks(口罩)in public places during the COVID-19 period.A. for us to wearB. for us wearingC. of us wearingD. of us to wear( )67.Her parents_____________ doctors. They_____________ in a hospital nearby.A.are both; both work B.are all; work allC.both are; work both D.all are; all work( )68.Tomorrow I'll take the final examination, and I feel nervous.—Don't worry. It's ______ to have butterflies in your stomach before an exam.A.rude B.exciting C.perfect D.natural( )69.—Your English teacher is very humorous.—Exactly. She is very popular with us.A.friendly B.outgoing C.funny( )70. Treasure Island is the most ________ novel ________ I have read.A. interesting;whichB. interesting;thatC. interested;that二、答案详解1.【答案】D【解析】句意:Sam,你看见我的手机了吗?我哪里都找不到它。
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中考词义复习题
知识归纳
按照语文课程标准的要求,初中学生要能“体会和推敲重要词句在语言环境
中的意义和作用。”因此,在许多地区中考试题中,都会把“词义理解”作为必
考项目。要做好这类题目,必须懂得“词义”的有关知识。重点如下:
1.单义词。即只有一个意义的词。
2.多义词。即能表示几个相互关联意义的词。多义词的意义往往有本义、引
申义和比喻义之分。如“铁”这个词,在“钢铁生产”中用的是本义,即金属铁;
在“手无寸铁”中用的是引申义,即“武器”;在“铁了心”中,用的是比喻义,
即“坚定不可改变”。
3.语境义。即词语在不同语境中的特定含义。它与多义词不同,它是不固定
的,是在语境中临时赋予的,离开具体的语言环境,其意义便不存在了,因此这
种语境义具有高度的灵活性、创造性,具有特殊表情达意的作用。如“有的人活
着,他已经死了:有的人死了,他还活着。”后一个“活”字,可以理解为“虽
死犹生,活在人们心里。”但在词典的解释里面是没有这样一义项的。
4.词语的感情色彩。词语按感情色彩可以分为褒义词、贬义词和中性词。词
语的感情色彩与词义是两个并列的概念,并非从属关系。但是,有的时候,因为
感情色彩发生了变化,导致词义也相应变化;反之亦然。如“高傲”本是贬义词,
意思是“自以为了不起,看不起别人,”但在“海燕像黑色的闪电,在高傲地飞
翔”一句中,“高傲”含有褒义色彩,意思也变成了“自豪”。
5.流行词。随着社会、历史的发展,又出现了一些新词,如“酷、帅、刷新、
粉丝”等,这些词通过电视、网络、报纸等媒体传播以后,在生活中迅速流行起
来。由于新课程理念主张在生活中学语文,认为语文的外延等于生活的外延,因
此一些地区在中考命题时,有意识地考查流行词的理解。
【题型扫描】(1490字)
1.辨析同一个词语在具体语境中的不同含义。
例1.(2009年重庆)下列加点的词语在句中的意思与其他三项不同的一项
是( )
A.‚好读书,不求甚解;每有会意,便欣然忘食。‛陶渊明这种不求甚解的
读书方法,值得我们借鉴。
B.中学生读书,须对意蕴深刻的内容仔细推敲。不求甚解、囫囵吞枣的态度
是断不可取的。
C.我们不要为了一棵树而放弃了整个森林,为一朵花而放弃了整个春天。读
书也是一样,不要处处死抠字句,能够不求甚解,反而收获颇丰。
D.有些书是你人生的导师,必须精读;有些书是你人生的伴侣,必须随身;
有些书则是你人生中的过客,只须匆匆一瞥,不求甚解、粗观其貌即可。
【解题指津】这类题要求辨析同一个词语在具体语境中的不同含义,题干对
所给的词语一般没有作出解释,要求考生自己从中分辨出含义不同的项。考生作
2
答时,要根据具体情况具体分析,如果是多义词,就要从词语的基本义、比喻义、
引申义这些方面考虑;如果不是多义词,就从词语的感情色彩或语境义等方面考
虑。
【参考答案】B (A、C、D三项均为褒义,指只需观其大意的读书方法;B
项为贬义,指不求深刻理解的学习态度。)
2.辨析不同的词语在具体语境中的释义是否正确。
例2.(2010年湖南长沙)结合语境,选出下列句子中加点词语解释有误的
一项。( )
A.我们希望看到一个落英缤纷、屋舍俨然、民风淳朴的都市桃花源。(俨然:
形容庄严)
B.‚我们所做的一切都是要让人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊严,让社会更加
公正、更加和谐‛。温总理的话语像和煦的春风温暖了人们的心。(和煦:温暖)
C.知识是形成新创意的素材。但这并不是说,光凭知识就能拥有创造性。(创
意:创造性的见解或意见)
D.教育要得到长足的发展,一方面需要各级领导的重视,全社会的支持;另
一方面也需要教育部门加强内部改革,增强造血功能。(造血:比喻部门、组织、
单位等从内部挖掘潜力,增强自身的实力)
【解题指津】这类题一般以选择题的方式出现,所给出的词语来自不同的语
言材料,彼此没有什么关联,考生作答时要一个一个去分辨,看看所给的解释是
否符合具体语境。
【参考答案】A(俨然:形容齐整)
【有错必纠】(1320字)
1.下列加点的词语在句中的意思解释不当的一项是( )
A.倘若要我说说总的印象,我觉得苏州园林是我国各地园林的标本(比喻具
有代表性的事物),各地园林多少受到苏州园林的影响。(《苏州园林》)
B.许多重要的规则和定理都是懒汉想出来的。这些人想在脑力劳动上寻找捷
径(近路,比喻能较快达到目的的巧妙手段)。(《懒惰的智慧》)
C.可惜他拉了一会就罢,使我们所闻的只是嘈杂而冗长(本指文章、讲话等
拉得很长,这里是持续不断的意思)的雨声。(《山中避雨》)
D.惜秦皇汉武,略输文采;唐宗宋祖,稍逊风骚(指《诗经》里的《国风》
和楚辞里的《离骚》)。一代天骄,成吉思汗,只识弯弓射大雕。(《沁园春〃雪》)
【解题指津】本题的特点是:要求理解的词语来源于教材,主要考查学生平
时的积累,看上去比较简单。但是,命题人往往在看似不经意间设下了“陷阱”,
考生也常常误中圈套。如本题中的词语都有多个含义,在具体语境中往往使用的
是引申义或比喻义。考生如果只记住了词语的基本义,不懂得结合语境灵活变通,
就会出错。如“风骚”一词,本指《诗经》里的《国风》和楚辞里的《离骚》,
但此处是用来概括广义的文化,包括政治、思想、文化在内。因此,做此类题,
关键要细心推敲,不能粗心大意。要将释义代入原句中,看是否符合具体语境。
3
【参考答案】D
2.对下面句子中加点词语理解不正确的一项是( )
A.于是二十年来毫不忆及的幼小时候对于精神的虐杀的这一幕,忽地在眼前
展开。(虐杀:虐待人而致死)
B.山米小心地从鹅群中穿过,一边走一边阿谀地说:‚乖鹅噢!‛(阿谀:
迎合别人的意思,说好听的话)
C.三十四岁结婚,今已有一女一男,均狡猾可喜。(狡猾:形容耍花招、使
手段,极不老实)
D.须晴日,看红装素裹,分外妖娆。(素裹:原指妇女淡雅的服饰,这里指
白雪覆盖着大地)
【解题指津】本题的特点是:要求释义的词语中有一个词语的感情色彩在具
体语境中发生了变化,“狡猾”原是贬义词,在此是贬词褒用,感情色彩一变,
词义也就变了。有的同学答题时没有注意到这一点,只看表面意思,结果出错。
【参考答案】C(狡猾:这里是机灵的意思)
3.结合语境,指出下列句子中加点词语解释有误的一项。( )
A.墙角砖缝中的小瓜苗,昂然挺立,那足以擎天撼地的生命力,令我肃然起
敬。(擎天撼地:形容力气巨大。擎:举起。撼:摇动。)
B.做一个人,我们要行使自己的权利;做一个公民,我们要恪尽职守。(恪
尽职守:谨慎认真地做好本职工作。)
C.‚弯道超车‛是实现富民强省的新战略,是湖南经济腾飞的重大举措。(‚弯
道超车‛:机动车在弯道超速行使。)
D.时下,网络最流行的语言是‚史上最牛的人‛ ,牛人,多用于贴吧、论
坛。(牛人:喻指那些非常厉害让人赞叹或惊讶的人。)
【解题指津】本题的特点是:要求释义的词语中有两个词语是当代流行词(弯
道超车、牛人)。流行词与传统词语相比有其特殊性,它的解释不能死抠词语的
字面含义,如果完全按照字面含义解释就会出错。由于流行词来源于现实生活,
因此考生要关注社会生活,适当的掌握一些最新的流行词,大致地了解这些流行
词的来源、使用范围,这样有助于答题。如本题中的“弯道超车”现在已被赋予
新的内涵,广泛用于政治、经济和社会生活的各个领域,大意为“化危机为机遇”。
【参考答案】C
【升格演练】(470字)
1.解释下列句子中加点的词语。
(1)张乡绅攀谈道:“世先生同在桑梓,一向有失亲近。( )
(2)不管是从欧洲的足球的实力布局,还是从历届欧锦赛的战绩来看,黑
马往往从东欧或者北欧球队中产生。( )
2.“疾”有四个义项:①疾病;②痛苦;③痛恨;④“急速”或“猛烈”。
下面句子中两个“疾”字的含义,正确的一项是( )
鲁迅在灯下奋笔疾书,写些‚为‘正人君子’之流所深恶痛疾的文字‛。
4
A.②① B.④③ C.②④ D.①③
3.结合语境,下列句子中加点词语解释不正确的一项是( )
A.国庆长假期间,许多市民走进图书馆,为自己充电。(充电:补充电力)
B.为了将物资及时送到灾区,政府开辟了绿色通道。(指方便快捷的途径、
优惠政策等。)
C.谁来为环境恶化的后果买单?(买单:负责任)
D.“明星学院”吸引了不少的阳光少年。(指活泼、富有生气的少年。)
4.下列句子中,加点词语的意思完全相同的一项是( )
A.他们制造恐怖,其实是他们自己在恐怖啊!
B.人类语言的特点就在于能用变化无穷的语言,表达变化无穷的意思。
C.母亲是个好劳动。母亲最大的特点是一生不曾脱离过劳动。
D.你们杀死一个李公朴,会有千百万个李公朴站起来。
(参考答案见中缝)
【第4版“升格演练”参考答案】(210字)
1.(1)家乡(2)比喻实力难测的竞争者或出人意料的的优胜
者 2.B 3.A (充电:这里指补充力量或知识,使自己不断进步与提高。) 4.B
(A项的两个“恐怖”,前一个是名词,作句子的宾语;后一个是形容词,作句
子的谓语。它们的意思分别为“用卑劣的手段造成的血腥环境”和“十分害怕”。
C项中的两个“劳动”,前一个的意思是“劳动的能手”,与第二个“劳动”的
意思明显不同。D项中的两个“李公朴”前一个实指“李公朴”,后一个是指“具
有李公朴精神的人”。)