美国文学-markTwain
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Mark Twain 马克吐温 -美国文学课件
3. His father died when he was 12 and then he left school.
4. He lived on all kinds of odd jobs and then went to the West. He worked as a reporter there and wrote lots of frontier humors.
His Position in American Literature
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming.
Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
4. He lived on all kinds of odd jobs and then went to the West. He worked as a reporter there and wrote lots of frontier humors.
His Position in American Literature
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming.
Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
马克吐温的简介
马克·吐温对民主与自由的热爱
• 他热爱民主，关注民主制度的实践和问题
• 他热爱自由，关注自由的价值和意义
• 他关注民主与自由在美国社会中的实践和发展
对社会不公与种族歧视的批判
马克·吐温对社会不公与种族歧视的批判
• 他关注社会的不公，对贫富差距、性别歧视等问题进行批判
• 他关注种族歧视，对黑人和其他少数族裔的遭遇表示同情
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》
• 1884年发表，是一部关于种族歧视和自由探索的小说
• 以哈克贝利·费恩为主人公，讲述了他和吉姆在密西西比河上的冒险经历
• 作品深刻反映了美国社会的种族歧视问题，以及对自由和平等的追求
马克吐温的其他重要作品
《百万英镑》
• 1893年发表，是一部讽刺英国社会阶层和金钱至上的小说
• 他的作品被翻译成多种语言，在世界范围内享有盛誉
马克·吐温在美国文学史上的贡献
• 他的作品揭示了美国社会的真实面貌，对美国文学的发展具有重要意义
• 他的作品关注人性、道德和社会问题，对美国文学的价值观产生了深远的影响
• 他的作品具有幽默和讽刺的特点，对美国文学的审美产生了重要影响
马克吐温作品在现代社会的价值与意义
• 在《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中，他以现实主义的手法揭示了美国社会的种族歧视问题
• 在《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》中，他以现实主义的手法揭示了美国社会的道德沦丧问题
对美国社会的深刻反映与批判
01
马克·吐温对美国社会的深刻反映 -他的作品反映了美国社会的各个方面，包括种族、宗教、道德、政治等
02
马克·吐温对美国社会的批判 -他的作品对社会问题和人性的弊端进行了深刻的批判
• 对文学和艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣
马克吐温mark Twain英文简介
镑
❖ 1899 The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 败坏了哈德莱堡的人
A Brief Assessment
Helen Keller : I have been in Eden three days and I saw a king .I knew he was a king when I touched him though I had never touched a king before.
❖ Published Roughing It《艰苦岁月》.
❖ First daughter Susy was born‚ but their son‚ Langdon‚ died at the age of two from diphtheria(白喉).
Later life
1884 (49) ❖ created the publishing company,then the company failed in 1894. 1895~1897 (60~62) ❖ went on worldwide lecture tour to earn
1867 (32) ❖ Travelled as correspondent to Europe
and the Holy Land on the Quaker City.
Saw a picture of Olivia Langdon (Livy).
1869 (34) ❖ Engaged to Livy. The Innocents Abroad
an epileptic seizure(癫痫发作). ❖ His middle daughter Clara was married.
1910 (74) ❖ On April 21‚ died at Stormfield. ❖ buried in Elmira(埃尔迈拉). ❖ Halley’s comet visible from earth.
❖ 1899 The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 败坏了哈德莱堡的人
A Brief Assessment
Helen Keller : I have been in Eden three days and I saw a king .I knew he was a king when I touched him though I had never touched a king before.
❖ Published Roughing It《艰苦岁月》.
❖ First daughter Susy was born‚ but their son‚ Langdon‚ died at the age of two from diphtheria(白喉).
Later life
1884 (49) ❖ created the publishing company,then the company failed in 1894. 1895~1897 (60~62) ❖ went on worldwide lecture tour to earn
1867 (32) ❖ Travelled as correspondent to Europe
and the Holy Land on the Quaker City.
Saw a picture of Olivia Langdon (Livy).
1869 (34) ❖ Engaged to Livy. The Innocents Abroad
an epileptic seizure(癫痫发作). ❖ His middle daughter Clara was married.
1910 (74) ❖ On April 21‚ died at Stormfield. ❖ buried in Elmira(埃尔迈拉). ❖ Halley’s comet visible from earth.
独立思考不盲从的名人例子
独立思考不盲从的名人例子独立思考不盲从是一个重要的品质，而许多名人都展现出了这种特质。
以下是一些以独立思考不盲从为主题的名人例子：1. 马克·吐温（Mark Twain）- 作为美国文学史上的一位重要人物，马克·吐温以他独特的幽默和社会批判见长。
他在文学作品中揭露了社会的黑暗面，对当时的政治和道德观念提出了质疑，展现了他对世界的独立思考和批判精神。
2. 爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）- 作为一位伟大的物理学家，爱因斯坦以他的相对论理论改变了人类对时间和空间的认识。
他在研究中不断挑战传统观念，提出了许多前所未见的理论，展现了他的独立思考和创新能力。
3. 瓦伦蒂娜·特雷琴科娃（Valentina Tereshkova）- 作为世界上第一个女宇航员，特雷琴科娃展现了她的勇气和独立思考能力。
她在太空飞行中展现了超凡的勇气和决心，向世界展示了女性在科学领域的能力。
4. 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗（Neil Armstrong）- 作为登月计划中的重要人物，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗展现了他的勇气和决心。
他在登月任务中面临许多挑战，但凭借他的独立思考和判断能力，成功地完成了这一历史性的使命。
5. 罗萨·帕克斯（Rosa Parks）- 作为美国民权运动的重要人物，罗萨·帕克斯以她的勇气和独立思考能力改变了美国社会。
她拒绝在公共汽车上让座给白人，引发了著名的蒙哥马利公交车抵抗运动，展现了她对不公正待遇的坚决反对。
6. 马丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King Jr.）- 作为美国民权领袖，马丁·路德·金以他的非暴力抵抗和独立思考能力改变了美国社会。
他坚定地反对种族歧视和不公正待遇，致力于实现人权和平等，展现了他的独立思考和正义感。
7. 纳尔逊·曼德拉（Nelson Mandela）- 作为南非民权领袖，纳尔逊·曼德拉以他的坚定信念和独立思考能力改变了南非的历史。
美国文学 马克吐温及其作品赏析 Mark Twain
movement. The truthful depiction of the common people added strength to the Realism which Howells championed with James and Mark Twain.
2. The local spirit continues to inspire and fertilize the
求自由，反对腐朽的黑奴制度的主题。美国著名作家海明威说，“一切
现代美国文学来自一本书，即马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险 记》„„这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书，在它
之前，或在它之后，都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。”
Major Themes
slavery and racism. in the novel, by exposing the hypocrisy of
1889
B. 1870s-90s: later works become darker and more obscure,
showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social
reality.
The Gilded Age 1873 Life on Mississippi 1883 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1886
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Local Colorism (Regionalism)
As a literary trend, local colorism first appeared in the late
马克·吐温_百度百科
马克·吐温mark twain中文名：马克·吐温外文名：Mark Twain别名：萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门国籍：美国出生地：美国密苏里州佛罗里达的乡村出生日期：1835年11月30日逝世日期：1910年4月21日职业：作家代表作品：《百万英镑》、《哈克贝利费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》人物简介虽然他的财富很多，却有损他高超的幽默、机智与名气，称英国最不知名人士之一，擅长写讽刺小说。
其交友不广阔，迪士尼、魏伟德、近二款，八八年、尼古拉·特斯拉、海伦·凯勒、亨利·罗杰诸君，皆为其友。
他曾被誉为：文学史上的林肯。
海伦·凯勒曾言：“我喜欢马克·吐温——谁会不喜欢他呢？即使是上帝，亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。
”威廉·福克纳称马克·吐温为“第一位真正的美国作家，我们都是继承他而来”。
其于1910年四月二十二日去世，享年七十五，安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
写作风格融幽默与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小说杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!作品笔名“马克·吐温”是其最常使用的笔名，一般认为这个笔名是源自其早年水手术语，马克·吐温的意思是：水深12英尺，萨缪尔（即“马克·吐温”）曾当过领航员，与其伙伴测量水深时，他的伙伴叫道“Mark Twain !”，意思是“两个标记”，亦即水深两浔（1浔约1.8米），这是轮船安全航行的必要条件.还有一个原因是，他的船长塞勒斯，曾是位德高望重的领航员，不时为报纸写些介绍密西西比河掌故的小品，笔名“马克·吐温”。
1859年，塞勒斯船长发表了一篇预测新奥尔良市将被水淹没的文章。
调皮的萨缪尔决定拿他开个玩笑，就模仿他的笔调写了一篇非常尖刻的讽刺小品。
谁知这篇游戏文章竟深深刺痛了老船长的心，老船长从此弃笔不写，“马克·吐温”这个笔名也从此在报纸上销声匿迹了。
马克吐温简介
马克?吐温是十九世纪后期美国批判现实主义文学的卓越代表。是第一个将文学创作“美国化”，将文学语言民族化的作家。他通过一生的艰苦劳动，写出了大量的文学作品，对统治美国资本主义社会的金钱的力量、虚伪的道德、腐败的政治、伪善的宗教、永不满足的贪欲、奴役世界的渴望等等，进行了嘲笑、讽刺和抨击。他的作品中充满了马克·吐温式的幽默，他以锐利的目光，抓住社会的丑陋面进行了辛辣的讽刺和批判，马克?吐温以他特有的幽默而又犀利的文笔，将社会上诸多丑恶现象描绘的淋漓尽致，将美国政府机构当时的腐败无能暴露的纤毫毕见。作品中充满了轻松乐观、幽默诙谐的格调。马克·吐温在小说方面为美国树立一座新的里程碑，是一棵真正美国土生土长的参天大树。被称为美国“现实主义之父”的作家豪威尔斯（1837-1920），称马克?吐温为美国文学界的林肯。晚生于马克?吐温半个世纪的海明威（1899-1961），则认为现代美国文学起源于马克?吐温的作品《哈克贝利?费恩历险记》。马克·吐温创作初期，美国资本主义迅速发展，国内出现了繁荣昌盛的局面；与此同时，资产阶级民主、自由的虚伪性和资本主义固有的弊病也逐渐暴露出来。但由于马克·吐温对整个资本主义制度还抱有幻想，因此，这个时期他作品总的基调是轻松、乐观、幽默、欢快的。这一时期（1865-1870）的主要作品有《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》（1865）；《傻子出国旅行记》（1869）《坏孩子的故事》（1870）和《好孩子的故事》（1870）《田纳西的新闻界》（1869）和《我怎样编辑农业报》（1870）；《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》（1870）等等。随着他的生活阅历加深，他对美国表面繁荣掩盖下的社会现实有了更清醒的认识，他开始在作品中探讨一些深刻的社会问题，其作品的基调也由早期的幽默乐观转为无情的揭露和辛辣的讽刺，笔锋更加犀利，讽刺更加激烈。这个时期（1871-1889）他创作的作品主要有长篇小说《镀金时代》（1873）、《汤姆·索亚历险记》（1876）、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》（1884）、《傻瓜威尔逊》（1894）和两部历史题材的作品《王子与贫儿》（1881）、《亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人》（1889）等，还有一部比较重要的短篇小说集《百万英镑及其他新作》（1893）。19世纪末，美国由自由资本主义进入垄断资本主义。面对社会矛盾日益激化的现实，马克·吐温民主理想幻灭了，加之个人生活的不幸，他产生了悲观主义情绪。随着思想认识的深化，诙谐、滑稽的成分明显减少，冷峻的字里行间流露出作者对现实社会的愤恨。他晚期（1900-1910）创作虽保留了笔锋犀利、嘲讽辛辣和揭露深刻的风格，但也有浓厚的悲凉情调。这个时期，他写下了著名的中篇小说《败坏了赫德来堡的人》（1900），还写了不少时评政论，《给在黑暗中的人》（1901）《为芬斯顿将军辩护》（1902）《沙皇的独白》（1905）《私刑合众国》《战争祈祷文》等。这些文章都具有强烈的战斗性。而散文《人是怎么回事》（1906）和死后发表的中篇小说《神秘的来客》（1916）等则有悲观主义色彩。幽默讽刺是马克·吐温小说创作的最显著的特征，具有强烈的密西西比地域文化特点，不同于传统的欧洲文学的幽默，他喜欢贴近生活，选择生活中最具讽刺意义的事物加以漫画式的夸张，让人在捧腹大笑之余对现实进行深刻的思考，使幽默具有丰富的现实内容。马克?吐温一生经历了美国资本主义从自由竞争到垄断的发展过程，他站在民主主义的进步立场，在继承美国西部幽默文学传统的基础上、形成了自己独特的艺术风格、为把美国民族文学提高到世界水平作出了重要贡献” 马克·吐温被称为பைடு நூலகம்国现实主义文学之父是当之无愧的。他的创作，把十九世纪美国现实主义文学推向了世界的高峰，他在作品中所表现出来的讽刺艺术永远成为人类的瑰宝；他的创作，艺术地、忠实地，同时又是无情地批判地记录了美国这一时期从资本主义走向帝国主义地演变过程，成为历史的可靠见证；他的创作，极大的启发了一大批忠于人民、忠于艺术的正值的现实主义小说家，推动了美国文学第三个高潮的出现，为世界文学写下了光辉的一页。
美国文学 马克吐温及其作品赏析 Mark Twain
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
“The true father of our national literature”
— H. L. Mencken
“In my opinion, Mark Twain was the first truly American writer,
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国文学史上具有划时代意义的现实主义
著作。小说以南北战争前的美国为背景，叙述白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆 同乘木筏沿密西西比河逃亡的历险故事。在小说中作者以其精湛的艺术 技巧，民主主义的思想内容，风趣幽默的笔触，栩栩如生的形象，为我 们认识上个世纪中叶的美国社会提供了丰富的生活图画，反映了人们追
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (a frontier
humor which made Twain become famous)1865
Innocents Abroad 1869 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
Harlem Garland defined it as: “having such quality of texture and
background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native.”
On the other hand, the book record the rising Age of American
Bourgeois system. It also bears the irony and satire toward the religion and by-then popular rigid, didactic children education, which curbed the imagination of children and their innate nature for freedom and adventures and molded them into a stereotype of lifeless man.
美国文学 Mark Twain
institution of slavery, a theme he would later explore in his writing.
Mark Twain Memorial Bridge I-72 Mississippi River Crossing At Hannibal
? In 1847 when Twain was 11, his father died of pneumonia.
? The next year, he became a printer's apprentice.
? In 1851, he began working as a typesetter and contributor of articles and humorous sketches for the Hannibal Journal.
? The newlyweds moved to Hartford, Conneticut; a town which boasted an impressive pedigree of writers.
? Twain was prolific during the years extending from 1869 until 1889.
? the sixth of seven children ? Only 3 survived childhood.
? When Twain was 4, his family moved toMark
Hannibal, Missouri
?a port town on the Mississippi River thTawt ain's
? In 1867, Twain took his lectures across the Atlantic Ocean, and his visits to France, Italy, and the Holy Land would provide him with ample opportunity to satirize European culture.
Mark Twain Memorial Bridge I-72 Mississippi River Crossing At Hannibal
? In 1847 when Twain was 11, his father died of pneumonia.
? The next year, he became a printer's apprentice.
? In 1851, he began working as a typesetter and contributor of articles and humorous sketches for the Hannibal Journal.
? The newlyweds moved to Hartford, Conneticut; a town which boasted an impressive pedigree of writers.
? Twain was prolific during the years extending from 1869 until 1889.
? the sixth of seven children ? Only 3 survived childhood.
? When Twain was 4, his family moved toMark
Hannibal, Missouri
?a port town on the Mississippi River thTawt ain's
? In 1867, Twain took his lectures across the Atlantic Ocean, and his visits to France, Italy, and the Holy Land would provide him with ample opportunity to satirize European culture.
2 美国文学_Mark_Twain
the MarΒιβλιοθήκη Twain birthplace in Florida, Missouri
1 Early Life
born in Florida, Missouri on November 30, 1835 to a
Tennessee country merchant
the sixth of seven children
There is also a smaller headstone.
When he was 18, he left Hannibal and worked
as a printer in
New York City
Philadelphia
St. Louis['lu(:)i] Cincinnati
He educated himself in public
to come...”
Twain is buried in his wife's
family plot at Woodlawn
Cemetery in Elmira, New York, near that of Herman Melville.
His grave is marked by a 12foot (i.e., two fathoms, or “mark twain”) monument, placed there by his surviving daughter, Clara.
Twain‟s literary success culminated in 1865, when the New York Saturday Press published, “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras
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characteristics
1,Characteristic of thoughts:
a)One of the critical realism literature writers b)Exposed the hypocrisy under the cover of American democracy and freedom. c)Criticized the social drawbacks:racial discrimination,money worship, Feudal autocracy [ɔ:'tɔkrəsi] , aggression . d)Yearn for the real democracy and freedom.
2,Artistic characteristics
*Twain’s humor is remarkable. Most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks。
2. It is not grand, pompous(华而不实的）, but simple, direct, lucid（明晰的）, and faithful to the colloquial speech. This unpretentious style of colloquialism is best described as "vernacular."
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*Twain is known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his region, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes('kɔstju:m) and so on.
1) The theme: the Mississippi and the West 2) Characterization: the lower-class people 3) Language: vernacular
Language style (vernacular)
1.The books are noted for their unpretentious(朴实无华的)colloquial yet poetic style, their wide-ranging humor.
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1) Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made an extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature. The novel has become a great contribution to the legacy of American literature. 2) The profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn is another great contribution of the book to the legacy of American literature. 3) Artistic achievement: local colorism（本土特色 ）, especially vernacular（方言 ）
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The article
*I was asking about a minister called Smiley when I heard about
another Smiley who was a gambler. He was good at training monstrous animals and made money from them.Among these animals,there was a jumping frog named Daniel Webster who could make a lot of money for him. One day, an outlander asked Smiley to catch a frog to him so he could use it to bet with Smiley. However, Daniel Webster was irrgated quail shot (火枪的铁砂 子）when its master was gone.And we can imagine the result of the bet.
Someday,Mark Twain was on a train which moved slowly.He gave the ticket examiner child ticket when he was asked to show the ticket. “I didn’t notice that you are a kid”,the examiner said. And Mark Twain responsed,“I am when I got on this train.”
*He always used sarcasm in papers and in daily life mock the hypocrites.
Mark Twain was invited to a party which was held by a rich man.The man spoke every food’s price to show how rich he was.When the grapes were served, he said,“Each of them costs 1 dollar”. Mark Twain stood and said loudly,“Give me another 6 dollars,please!”
The Jumping Frog
Capable people who gets a miserable ending.
The pen name
Characteristics Contributions
Local colorism
The article
The pen name 笔名
*Original name:Samuel ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱanghorne Clemens .
*His pen name was derived from the riverboat leadsmen’s signal—“By the mark, twain”—that the water was deep enough for safe passage. *When he started to writer paper as a reporter, he used “ Mark Twain” as his pen name in memory of his old work.
characteristics
1,Characteristic of thoughts:
a)One of the critical realism literature writers b)Exposed the hypocrisy under the cover of American democracy and freedom. c)Criticized the social drawbacks:racial discrimination,money worship, Feudal autocracy [ɔ:'tɔkrəsi] , aggression . d)Yearn for the real democracy and freedom.
2,Artistic characteristics
*Twain’s humor is remarkable. Most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks。
2. It is not grand, pompous(华而不实的）, but simple, direct, lucid（明晰的）, and faithful to the colloquial speech. This unpretentious style of colloquialism is best described as "vernacular."
Back
*Twain is known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his region, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes('kɔstju:m) and so on.
1) The theme: the Mississippi and the West 2) Characterization: the lower-class people 3) Language: vernacular
Language style (vernacular)
1.The books are noted for their unpretentious(朴实无华的)colloquial yet poetic style, their wide-ranging humor.
Back
1) Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made an extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature. The novel has become a great contribution to the legacy of American literature. 2) The profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn is another great contribution of the book to the legacy of American literature. 3) Artistic achievement: local colorism（本土特色 ）, especially vernacular（方言 ）
Back
The article
*I was asking about a minister called Smiley when I heard about
another Smiley who was a gambler. He was good at training monstrous animals and made money from them.Among these animals,there was a jumping frog named Daniel Webster who could make a lot of money for him. One day, an outlander asked Smiley to catch a frog to him so he could use it to bet with Smiley. However, Daniel Webster was irrgated quail shot (火枪的铁砂 子）when its master was gone.And we can imagine the result of the bet.
Someday,Mark Twain was on a train which moved slowly.He gave the ticket examiner child ticket when he was asked to show the ticket. “I didn’t notice that you are a kid”,the examiner said. And Mark Twain responsed,“I am when I got on this train.”
*He always used sarcasm in papers and in daily life mock the hypocrites.
Mark Twain was invited to a party which was held by a rich man.The man spoke every food’s price to show how rich he was.When the grapes were served, he said,“Each of them costs 1 dollar”. Mark Twain stood and said loudly,“Give me another 6 dollars,please!”
The Jumping Frog
Capable people who gets a miserable ending.
The pen name
Characteristics Contributions
Local colorism
The article
The pen name 笔名
*Original name:Samuel ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱanghorne Clemens .
*His pen name was derived from the riverboat leadsmen’s signal—“By the mark, twain”—that the water was deep enough for safe passage. *When he started to writer paper as a reporter, he used “ Mark Twain” as his pen name in memory of his old work.