内燃机英文资料6
内燃机英语ppt
丰田此次将这款发动机的 EGR 率从 21%提高到了 28%。
2.改变活塞表面形状
丰田把这款发动机活塞表面的浅坑直径减小了，这样活塞对缸
内气体的扰动效果就更加明显。但是气体过高的流动速度，会很难点火。 为了解决这个问题，丰田的研究团队又提高了火花塞的点火能量，从
Components
A---Intake valve/Rocker arm/Spring B---Valve cover（气门室套） C---Intake port（进气口） D---Head（气缸盖） E---Coolant（冷却液） F---Engine block（机体） G---Oil pan（油底壳） H---Oil sump（油池） I---Camshaft（凸轮轴） J---Exhaust valve/Rocker arm/Spring K---Spark plug（火花塞或喷油器） L---Exhaust port（排气口） M---Piston（活塞） N---Connecting rod（连杆） O---Rod bearing（连杆轴承） P---Crankshaft（曲轴）
1876 ---Otto four stroke “spark ignition” engine (η = 14%,
160 RPM max.) 1880s ---Two engine
1892 ---Diesel four stroke “compression ignition” engine
expansion、exhaust ）
Four stroke Spark Ignition Engine
Stroke 1: Fuel-air mixture introduced into cylinder through intake valve Stroke 2: Fuel-air mixture compressed Stroke 3: Combustion (roughly constant volume) occurs and product gases expand doing work Stroke 4: Product gases pushed out of the cylinder through the exhaust valve
第三单元内燃机基础
4. Exhaust stroke
The fourth stroke is the exhaust stroke.
The piston moves up again and forces the burned gases out of the cylinder. The piston travels up to the top of the cylinder pushing all the exhaust out before closing the exhaust valve in prearation for starting the four-stroke process over again.
3. Power stroke
The third stroke is the power stroke.
Near the end of the compression stroke, the spark plug fires. Igniting The comressed air-fuel mixture that Produces a powerful explosion.
connecting rod
piston pin
Connecting rod
crankshaft
Inlet valve
An inlet allows the new mixture to enter at the right time
Connecting rod
crank
bore
Exhaust valve
The intake valve closes
exhaust [ ig'zɔ:st ] . . n. 排 气,排气装置v. 用 尽,耗尽,使...精疲 力尽[计算机] 排除
内燃机专业英语DOC
内燃机英语名词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语(一)（GB1883 ）序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语1 往复活塞式内燃机Reciprocating engine2 二冲程内燃机Two-stroke engine3 四冲程内燃机Four-strokeen gine4 汽油机Gasolineengine5 顶置气门汽油机Overhead-valve engine6 侧置气门汽油机Side-valvengine7 汽油喷射式汽油机Gasoline-injection engine8 顶置凸轮轴内燃机Overhead camshaft engine9 柴油机Dieselengine10 煤气机Gas engine11 柴油煤气机Gas-Diesel engine12 多种燃料内燃机Multi-fuel engine13 低转速柴油机Low-speed Dieselengine14 中转速柴油机Medium-speed Diesel engine15 高转速柴油机High-speedDieselengine16 增压柴油机Supercharged Diesel engine17 低增压柴油机Low-supercharged Diesel engine18 中增压柴油机Medium-supercharged Dieselengine19 高增压柴油机High-supercharged Dieselengine20 超高增压柴油机Superhigh supercharged Dieselengine21 废气涡轮增压柴油机Turbocharged Diesel engine22 机械增压柴油机Mechanical pressure-charged engine23 两级增压柴油机Two stage super-charged engine24 复合式柴油机Compound Dieselengine25 十字头式柴油机Crosshead Diesel engine26 船用挂机Outboardengine27 水冷内燃机Water-coolede ngine28 风冷内燃机Air-cooled engine29 单缸内燃机Single-cylindeenrg ine30 多缸内燃机Multi cylinder engine31 卧式内燃机Horizontalengine32 立式内燃机Vertical engine33 斜置式内燃机34 直列式内燃机In-line engine35 对置气缸内燃机Opposed-cylinder-type engine36 对动活塞内燃机Opposed-pistonengine37U 形内燃机U-pistonengine。
内燃机简介第一课(英文)
Recommended Books
Notes/Books: Course notes/exercise sheets provided – bring to every lecture. Supplementary materials will be given as required. Recommended Core/Supplementary Texts: • Heywood, JB, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals London: McGrawHill (ISBN: 007028637X) • Ferguson CR and Kirkpatrick AT, Internal Combustion Engines – Applied Thermosciences. 2nd Edition. New York John Wiley & Sons 2001 • Bosch Automotive Handbook 6th ed Robert Bosch GmbH Youtube • Ford EcoBoost Engine 2011 • Toyota Dual VVTi Engine Animation 3D • Garrett VNT turbocharger
Internal Combustion engines • Produce work by pushing on a reciprocating piston or turbine blades that drives a rotating shaft. • Creates a high-momentum fluid that is used directly as propulsive force
内燃机专业外语(DOC)
柴油机零部件名词固定件structure2.1. 机体engine block 曲轴箱与气缸或气缸水套形成—体的零件。
2.2. 气缸体cylinder block 两个或多个以上气缸铸(或焊)成整体或用螺栓联成一体的零部件。
2.3. 曲轴箱crankcase 部分围住曲轴回转空间，有主轴承和安装用平面的箱形部件，其上有气缸、气缸水套或气缸体。
2.4. 机座bed plate，frame 部分围住曲轴箱并设有主轴承座及安装平面的零件。
2.5. 柴油机支座engine support 柴油机安装于机车的支承部分。
2.6. 油底壳oilpan，oilsump 围住曲轴箱下部，集存机油的壳盘形零件。
2.7. 曲轴箱检查孔盖crankcase door 曲轴箱上检查孔的可拆卸盖板。
2.8. 曲轴箱前油封crankcase front oil seal2.9. 曲轴箱后油封crankcase rear oil seal2.10. 曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosion proof door 当曲轴箱内气压超过一定值时，能自动开启的阀2.11. 曲轴箱呼吸器crankcase breather 装在柴油机上用于从曲轴箱引出油气的装置。
2.12. 抽气装置air extracting device利用增压器压气机吸气真空度对曲轴箱进行抽气，防止压力升高的装置。
2.13. 油气分离器oil separator将曲轴箱排出的油气分离为油和气的装置。
2.14. 活塞冷却喷嘴piston cooling nozzle2.15. 气缸套cylinder liner 在气缸内为活塞提供滑动表面的零件。
2.16. 气缸水套cylinder jacket，cylinder casing 围住气缸，容纳冷却液，安装在机架或曲轴箱上的零件。
2.17. 气缸套封水圈water seal ring of cylinder liner2.18. 气缸盖过水管water guide tube of cylinder head2.19. 气缸盖过水管密封圈seal ring of cylinder head water guide tube2.20. 扫气箱scavenging air receiver二冲程柴油机扫气口前储气的箱形部件。
内燃机术语
往复活塞式内燃机术语2 分类术语2．1 按着火方式分类2．1．1 压燃式内燃机compression ignition engine2．1．2 点燃式内燃机spark ignition engine2．2 按使用燃料种类分类2．2．1 汽油机gasoline engine (petrol engine)2．2．2 柴油机 diesel engine2．2．3 气体燃料内燃机 gas-fuel engine2．2．4 煤气机 gas engine2．2．5 液化石油气内燃机 liquefied-petroleum-gas engine2．2．6 柴油煤气机 diesel—gas engine2．2．7 多种燃料内燃机 multifuel engine2．3按冷却方式分类2．3．1 水冷式内燃机 water-cooled engine2．3．2 风冷式内燃机 air-cooled engine2．3．3 油冷式内燃机 oil-cooled engine2．4 按进气状态分类2．4．1 非增压内燃机naturally aspirated engine (non-supercharged engine) 2．4．2 增压内燃机 supercharged engine2．5 按燃料供给方式分类2．5．1 化油器式内燃机 carburetter engine2．5．2 汽油喷射式内燃机 gasoline-injection engine2．5．3 直接喷射式柴油机 direct injection engine2．5．4 间接喷射式柴油机 indirect-injection engine2．6 按冲程数分类2．6．1 二冲程内燃机 two-stroke engine2．6．2 四冲程内燃机 four-stroke engine2．7 按活塞与连杆连接方式分类2．7．1 筒形活塞柴油机 trunk-piston engine2．7．2 十字头式柴油机 crosshead engine2．8 按速度分类2．8．1 低速柴油机 low-speed diesel engine2．8．2 中速柴油机 medium-speed diesel engine2．8．3 高速柴油机 high—speed diesel engine2．9 按气缸数及布置分类2．9．1 单缸内燃机 single—cylinder engine2．9．2 多缸内燃机 multi-cylinder engine2．9．3 对动活塞式内燃机 opposed-piston engine2．9．4 对置气缸式内燃机 opposed—cylinder engine2．9．5 立式内燃机 vertical engine2．9．6 斜置式内燃机 inclined engine2．9．7 卧式内燃机 horizontal engine2．9．8 直列式内燃机 in-1ine engine2．9．9 V形内燃机 Vee-engine2．9．10 W形内燃机 W-engine2．9．11 星形内燃机 radial engine2．10 按用途分类2．10．1 固定式内燃机 stationary engine2．10．2 移动式内燃机 portable engine2．10．3 船用内燃机 marine engine2．10．3．1 主机main engine2．10．3．2 辅机 subsidiary engine2．10．4 舷外挂机 outboard engine2．10．5 发电用内燃机genset engine (generating set engine，dynamo engine) 2．10．6 农用内燃机 agricultural engine2．10．7 拖拉机用内燃机 tractor engine2．10．8 机车用内燃机railway engine(rail traction engine)2．10．9 汽车用内燃机 automobile engine2．10．10 工程机械用内燃机 constructional equipment engine2．10．11 坦克用内燃机 tank engine2．10．12 摩托车用内燃饥 motorcycle engine2．10．13 航模内燃饥 model airplane engine3 工作过程术语3．1 一般概念3．1．1 工作过程 working process3．1．2 工作循环 working cycle3．1．3 热力循环 thermodynamic cycle3．1．4 工质 working medium3．1．5 充量 charge3．1．6 理想循环 ideal cycle3．1．7 定压循环 constant pressure cycle3．1．8 定容循环 constant volume cycle3．1．9 混合循环 mixed cycle3．1．10 实际循环 practical cycle3．1．11 四冲程循环 four-stroke cycle3．1．12 二冲程循环 two-stroke cycle3．1．13 进气行程 suction stroke3．1．14 压缩行程 compression stroke3．1．15 膨胀行程 expansion stroke3．1．16 排气行程 exhaust stroke3．1．17 换气—压缩行程 exchange-compression stroke3．1．18 膨胀—换气行程 expansion—exchange stroke3．1．19 发火次序 firing order3．1．20 定时(正时) timing3．2 结构参数3．2．1 气缸直径d cylinder bore …………………(D)3．2．2 止点 DC dead centre3．2．3 上止点 TDC top dead centre3．2．4 下止点 BDC bottom dead centre3．2．5 活塞行程 S piston stroke3．2．6 行程缸径比 S ／d stroke-bore ratio3．2．7 气缸数 i number of cylinders3．2．8 活塞面积A piston area ……………….()p F 3．2．9 连杆长度 connecting rod length3．2．10 曲柄半径 crank radius3．2．11 曲柄连杆比 λ crank radius-connecting rod length ratio3．2．12 气缸容积 workingmedium volume c V 3．2．13 气缸工作容积(活塞排量) piston swept volume …………….(V )s V h 3．2．14 气缸有效工作容积 effective piston swept volume3．2．15 气缸余隙容积（燃烧室总容积、压缩室容积）V cylinder clearance volumecc 3．2．16 气缸最大容积 V maximum cylinder volume ……….（V ）t a 3．2．17 气缸有效容积 V effective cylinder volumete 3．2．18 内燃机排量 V engine swept volume ．st 3．2．19 内燃机气缸总容积 engine cylinder volumett V 3．2．20 余隙高度(顶隙) top clearance3．2．21 喷嘴端伸出量 injector protrusion3．3 进气过程3．3．1 进气过程intake process3．3．2 进气温度 intake temperature ………（t 或T ）a a 3．3．3 进气压力 intake pressure …………（）d p a p 3．3．4 自然吸气 natural aspiration3．3．5 分层充气 stratified charge3．3．6 充量系数(充气效率、容积效率) C φ volumetric efficiency ……（v η）3．3．7 进气提前角 in θ intake advance angle3．3．8 进气迟后角 il θ intake lag angle3．3．9 进气持续角 i θ∆ intake duration angle3．3．10 进气涡流 intake swirl3．3．11 进气紊流 intake turbulance3．3．12 螺旋进气道进气 helical duct intake3．3．13 切向进气道进气 tangential duct intake3．3．14 导流屏进气 masked inlet valve intake3．3．15 时面值 time —area valvet f ∆⋅3．3．16 气门升程 h valve liftv 3．3．17 气口开度 scavenging port area3．3．18 换气过程 gas exchange process3．3．19 扫气过程 scavenging process3．3．20 扫气持续期s θ∆ scavenging duration3．3．21 扫气压力 scavenging pressure3．3．22 直流扫气 uniflow scavenging3．3．23 回流扫气 loop scavenging (reverse scavenging)3．3．24 横流扫气 cross scavenging (crossflow scavenging)3．3．25 曲轴箱扫气crankcase scavenging3．3．26 扫气泵扫气 scavenging by blower3．3．27 活塞底泵扫气 piston underside pump scavenging3．3．28 排气脉冲扫气 exhaust-pulse scavenging3．3．29 扫气系数 coefficient of scavenging3．3．30 扫气利用系数 trapping efficiency (scavenging utilization efficiency)3．3．31 扫气效率 scavenging efficiency3．3．32 扫气漏失系数 coefficient of scavenging loss3．3．33 给气比(扫气过量空气系数) delivery ratio (excess air factor of scavenging)3．3．34 配气定时 valve timing3．3．35 气门重叠 valve overlap3．3．36 涡流比 swirl rate3．4 压缩过程3．4．1 压缩过程 compression process3．4．2 压缩压力 compression pressure3．4．3 压缩始点压力 compression beginning pressure3．4．4 压缩始点温度compression beginning temperature3．4．5 压缩终点压力compression end pressure without combustion3．4．6 压缩终点温度compression end temperature without combustion3．4．7 喷油始点压缩压力 fuel injection starting compression pressure3．4．8 着火始点压缩压力 ignition starting compression pressure3．4．9 压力升高比 ratio of pressure rise3．4．10 压缩比(几何压缩比) compression ratio3．4．11 有效压缩比 effective compression ratio3．4．12 压缩多变指数 polytropic index of compression3．4．13 压缩涡流 compression swirl3．5 喷油过程3．5．1 喷油过程 injection process3．5．2 直接喷射 direct injection3．5．3 间接喷射 indirect injection3．5．4 电控喷射 electronic-controlled injection3．5．5 供油提前角(供油定时) fuel supply advance angle3．5．6 喷油提前角(喷油定时) fuel injection advance angle (injection timing) 3．5．7 喷油延迟角 injection lag3．5．8 喷油持续角 injection duration3．5．9 喷孔面积 nozzle hole area3．5．10 喷孔总面积total area of nozzle holes3．5．11 喷孔长径比ratio of nozzle hole length-nozzle hole diameter 3．5．12 喷孔锥体 nozzle hole cone3．5．13 喷孔锥角（喷孔夹角） nozzle hole cone angle3．5．14 针阀升程 needle lift3．5．15 针阀压力室容积 sac volume3．5．16 出油阀卸载容积retraction volume of delivery valve3．5．17 喷油压力injection pressure3．5．18 启喷压力 injection starting pressure3．5．19 喷油峰值压力 injection peak pressure3．5．20 喷油背压 injection back pressure3．5．21 喷注spray3．5．22 喷注贯穿距离 spray penetration3．5．23 喷注贯穿规律 spray penetration curve3．5．24 喷注贯穿率 spray penetration ratio3．5．25 循环喷油量fuel delivery per cycle per cylinder3．5．26 最小循环喷油量minimum delivery per cycle per cylinder3．5．27 供油率fuel supply rate3．5．28 喷油率 fuel injection rate3．5．29 累计喷油率(喷油百分率) accumulated fuel delivery rate3．5．30 供油规律fuel supply rate curve3．5．31 喷油规律fuel injection rate curve3．5．32 喷油泵负荷特性fuel delivery curve al constant speed3．5．33 喷油泵速度特性fuel delivery curve al fixed rack3．5．34 喷嘴流通特性 nozzle flow characteristic3．5．35 喷嘴液力特性(喷嘴静力特性) nozzle hydrokinetic characteristics 3．5．36 喷雾特性 spray characteristic3．5．37 喷雾锥角 spray cone angle3．5．38 雾化 atomization3．5．39 索特平均直径sauter mean diameter (SMD)3．5．40 异常喷油 abnormal injection3．5．41 二次喷油 secondary injection3．5．42 间断喷油 intermittent injection3．5．43 波动喷油 fluctuating injection3．5．44 不齐喷油 disorder injection3．5．45 喷油滴漏 nozzle dribbling3．6混合气形成3．6．1 混合气形成过程 mixture formation process3．6．2 混合气浓度 mixture concentration3．6．3 混合比mixture ratio3．6．4 体积混合比 volumetric mixture ratio3．6．5 摩尔混合比mole mixture ratio3．6．6 理论混合比 theoretical mixture ratio3．6．7 理论混合气 theoretical mixture gas3．6．8 可燃混合气 combustible mixture gas3．6．9 空燃比(燃烧空燃比) air-fuel ratio3．6．10 总空燃比 total air-fuel ratio3．6．11 燃空当量比 stoichiometrical fuel-air ratio3．6．12 过量空气系数(燃烧过量空气系数。
内燃机专业英语词汇
内燃机专业英语词汇1. accessory 附件2. atmosphere 空⽓3. bare 裸露4. bearing 轴承5. bedplate 机座6. blower 压⽓机7. bolt 螺栓8. brake 刹车9. calorific 热值10. camshaft 凸轮轴11. capacity 电容12. cetane number ⼗六烷值13. cetane ⼗六烷值14. charge 充⽓15. combustion chamber 燃烧室16. combustion 燃烧17. compress 压缩18. connect rod big end 连杆⼤端19. crank journal 主轴颈20. crankshaft 曲轴21. crown 活塞顶22. curve 曲线23. cylinder ⽓缸24. diesel 柴油机25. drawbar 挂钩26. dynamometer 测功器27. eliminate 排除28. exert 施加29. exhaust gas driven turbocharger 废⽓涡轮增压器30. exhaust 排⽓31. fan 风扇32. film 油膜33. flame ⽕焰34. frame 机架35. friction 摩擦36. gallon 加仑37. generator 发电机38. gross ⽑重39. handle 控制40. hold-over 遗留物41. horsepower 马⼒42. ignite 点⽕43. illustrate 图⽰101. absolute error 绝对误差102. amplitude 振幅，幅值103. atmospheric pressure ⽓压104. sensor 传感器105. biosensor ⽣物传感器106. calibration 校准，标定107. capacitive transducer 电容传感器108. charge amplifier 电荷放⼤器109. damping 阻尼110. damping coefficient 阻尼系数111. delay time 滞后时间112. deviation 偏差113. error of indication ⽰值误差114. frequency response 频率响应115. frequency response characteristic 频率响应特性116. Hall effect 霍⽿效应117. Hall element 霍⽿元件118. dynamic response 动态响应119. eddy-current 涡流120. eddy-current dynamometer 电涡流测功器121. eddy-current testing 涡流检测122. eddy-current testing instrument 涡流检测仪123. eddy-current thickness gauge 涡流测厚仪124. inductive transducer 电感式传感器125. charge amplifier 电荷放⼤器126. ammeter 电流表127. voltmeter 电压表128. chromatography ⾊谱学129. chromatograph ⾊谱法130. chromatogram ⾊谱图131. chromatograph ⾊谱仪132. linear range 线性范围133. linear system 线性系统134. natural frequency 固有频率135. phase difference 相位差136. piezoelectric effect 压电效应137. piezoelectric acceleration transducer 压电式加速度传感器138. piezomagnetic effect 压磁效应44. impose 施加45. inhale 进⽓46. initial 初始值47. injection 喷射48. injector 喷油器49. intermittent 断续50. Internal combustion engine 内燃机51. intimate 宣布52. jacket ⽔套53. lever 杠杆54. liner ⽓缸套55. list 清单56. load 负荷57. major 主体58. mean 均值59. measure 测量60. mixing 混合61. offer 提供62. offset 偏移63. opposed 对置64. overlap 重叠65. overload 过载66. particular 特⾊67. peak 峰值68. pilot 引导69. pin 销70. piston ring 活塞环71. piston 活塞72. plier 钳⼦73. propeller 螺旋桨74. puzzle 疑惑75. radius 半径76. recommend 推荐77. represent 代表78. reservoir 瓶79. resistance 电阻80. revolution 转81. ring 活塞环82. rod 连杆83. satisfactory 安全84. scavenge 扫⽓85. seal 密封86. silencer 消⾳器87. skirt 活塞裙139. pressure transducer 压⼒传感器140. relative error 相对误差141. sampling 采样142. sampling frequency 采样频率143. sampling period 采样周期144. sampling rate 采样率145. sound field 声场146. sound intensity 声强147. sound intensity level 声强级148. sound level 声级149. sound pressure 声压150. sound pressure level 声压级151. sound power level 声功率级152. span 量程153. strain 应变154. strain effect 应变155. strain gauge 应变⽚156. strain-gauge-type transducer 应变式传感器157. step response 阶跃响应158. step response time 阶跃响应时间159. thermal radiation 热辐射160. thermocouple 热电偶161. thermocouple wires 热电偶丝162. thermodynamic scale 热⼒学温标163. threshold value 阈值164. time constant 时间常数165. transducer 传感器166. transfer function 传递函数167. transient 瞬态168. steady state 稳态169. zero drift 零点漂移170. signal-to-noise ratio 信噪⽐171. sensing element 敏感元件172. sensitivity 灵敏度173. sensitivity characteristic 灵敏度特性174. sensitivity drift 灵敏度漂移175. sensitivity error 灵敏度误差176. sensitivity coefficient 灵敏度系数177. response 响应178. response characteristic 响应特性179. response speed 响应速度180. response time 响应时间181. on -line 在线88. specifications 说明书89. spray 喷洒90. stroke 冲程91. term 术语92. torque 扭矩93. travel 传播94. turbocharger 增压器95. twist 扭曲96. vaporization 蒸发97. variable 变量98. vehicular 车辆99. viscosity 粘度100. weld 焊接182. on-line processing 在线处理183. on-line equipment 在线设备184. on-line real-time processing 在线实时处理185. in line 在线186. off line 离线187. real time 实时188. random error 随机误差189. systematic error 系统误差190. noise 噪声191. vibration 振动192. vibration analyzer 振动分析仪193. infrared spectrum 红外光谱194. infrared fiber 红外光纤195. hysteresis error 滞后误差196. hysteresis 滞后197. intelligent sensor 智能传感器198. flow rate 流量199. flowmeter 流量计200. scale 标度尺。
内燃机最常用的200个单词
如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！内燃机最常用的200个单词1. Internal combustion engine 内燃机ICE2. atmosphere 空气3. bare 裸露4. bearing 轴承5. bedplate 机座6. blower 压气机7. bolt 螺栓8. brake 刹车9. calorific 热值10. camshaft 凸轮轴11. capacity 电容12. cetane number 十六烷值13. cetane 十六烷值14. charge 充气15. combustion chamber 燃烧室16. combustion 燃烧17. compress 压缩18. connect rod big end 连杆大端19. crank journal 主轴颈20. crankshaft 曲轴21. crown 活塞顶22. curve 曲线23. cylinder 气缸24. diesel 柴油机25. drawbar 挂钩26. dynamometer 测功器27. eliminate 排除28. exert 施加29. exhaust gas driven turbocharger 废气涡轮增压器30. exhaust 排气31. fan 风扇32. film 油膜33. flame 火焰34. frame 机架35. friction 摩擦36. gallon 加仑37. generator 发电机38. gross 毛重39. handle 控制40. hold-over 遗留物41. horsepower 马力42. ignite 点火如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！43. illustrate 图示44. impose 施加45. inhale 进气46. initial 初始值47. injection 喷射48. injector 喷油器49. intermittent 断续50. accessory 附件51. intimate 宣布52. jacket 水套53. lever 杠杆54. liner 气缸套55. list 清单56. load 负荷57. major 主体58. mean 均值59. measure 测量60. mixing 混合61. offer 提供62. offset 偏移63. opposed 对置64. overlap 重叠65. overload 过载66. particular 特色67. peak 峰值68. pilot 引导69. pin 销70. piston ring 活塞环71. piston 活塞72. plier 钳子73. propeller 螺旋桨74. puzzle 疑惑75. radius 半径76. recommend 推荐77. represent 代表78. reservoir 瓶79. resistance 电阻80. revolution 转81. ring 活塞环82. rod 连杆83. satisfactory 安全84. scavenge 扫气85. seal 密封86. silencer 消音器如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！87. skirt 活塞裙88. specifications 说明书89. spray 喷洒90. stroke 冲程91. term 术语92. torque 扭矩93. travel 传播94. turbocharger 增压器95. twist 扭曲96. vaporization 蒸发97. variable 变量98. vehicular 车辆99. viscosity 粘度100. weld 焊接101. absolute error 绝对误差102. amplitude 振幅，幅值103. atmospheric pressure 气压104. sensor 传感器105. biosensor 生物传感器106. calibration 校准，标定107. capacitive transducer 电容传感器108. charge amplifier 电荷放大器109. damping 阻尼110. damping coefficient 阻尼系数111. delay time 滞后时间112. deviation 偏差113. error of indication 示值误差114. frequency response 频率响应115. frequency response characteristic 频率响应特性116. Hall effect 霍耳效应117. Hall element 霍耳元件118. dynamic response 动态响应119. eddy-current 涡流120. eddy-current dynamometer 电涡流测功器121. eddy-current testing 涡流检测122. eddy-current testing instrument 涡流检测仪123. eddy-current thickness gauge 涡流测厚仪124. inductive transducer 电感式传感器125. charge amplifier 电荷放大器126. ammeter 电流表127. voltmeter 电压表128. chromatography 色谱学129. chromatograph 色谱法130. chromatogram 色谱图。
内燃机发展史
大气压力式内燃机
1876 奥托
1890 奔驰
四冲程点燃式内燃机
二冲程内燃机
1892 狄塞尔
1957 汪克尔
四冲程压燃式内燃机
转子发动机
4
内燃机增压的发明与发展 Development of IC Engine Supercharging
1907 美国 路易斯•雷诺（Louis Renault） 机械增压发动机 1915 瑞士 阿尔弗雷德•波希(Alfred Buchi ) 排气涡轮增压发动机
2012 target
12
内燃机的成功之路 Successes of IC Engines 广泛应用
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ Road vehicles: Off-road vehicles: Railroad: Marine: Stationary: Small Engines: Aircrafts
9
内燃机燃料的进步 Fuels for IC Engines
煤气。
1900年之后，原油中的轻镏分汽油。
威廉•伯尔顿（William Burton）发明了重油热解技术。 通用汽车公司发明了四乙铅抗爆添加剂，1923年美国开始 用作汽油抗爆添加剂。 尤金•荷德莱（Eugene Houdry）发明了催化裂化法，既提 高了汽油的产量，同时使汽油获得越来越好的抗爆性。
13
成功之源
① Low cost density ② High power density
③ Robust and versatile
④ Well matched to cheap available high energy density petroleum-based fuels ⑤ Efficient enough ⑥ Met emissions reg
机械外文翻译--内燃机
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系部：机械工程系专业：机械工程及自动化姓名：学号：外文出处：/thread-261802-1-1.html附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文内燃机我们知道，无论是汽油发动机还是柴油发动机，它们都属于内燃机，都是燃烧燃料后通过推动气缸内活塞作往返运动来将燃料中的化学能量转换成为驱动车辆前进的机械能量，因此两者的工作原理大体是相同的。
作为日常使用的燃料本身，柴油的能量密度最高，比液化天然气高出近1倍，比汽油高出10%以上。
与汽油相比，柴油不易挥发，着火点较高，不易因偶然情况被点燃或发生爆炸。
由于两者挥发性和燃点的不同，导致使用这两种燃料的发动机有不同的点火方式。
汽油发动机的特点：体积小、重量轻、起动性好。
汽油发动机中，油气混合气进入气缸后，在压缩接近终了时由火花塞点燃。
因此，汽油发动机需要一套控制何时让火花塞工作的点火系统，此系统必须精确控制火花塞放电的时刻和火花能量的大小，才能保证汽油机的工作正常，汽油机的燃料供给系和点火系是汽油机上发生故障比例较高的部位。
此外，由于汽油的燃点较低，汽油机的压缩比就不能太高，以免油气自燃，因此其热效率和经济性较柴油机为差。
汽油机的优点在于其体积小、重量轻、价格便宜；起动性好，最大功率时的转速高；工作中振动及噪声小，因此，在载客汽车，特别是轿车中，汽油机得到了广泛的应用，特别是在我们国家目前生产的绝大多数轿车，都是采用汽油发动机作为自己的动力系统。
传统柴油发动机的特点：热效率和经济性较好。
柴油机采用压缩空气的办法提高空气温度，使空气温度超过柴油的自燃燃点，这时再喷入柴油、柴油喷雾和空气混合的同时自己点火燃烧。
因此，柴油发动机无需点火系。
同时，柴油机的供油系统也相对简单，因此柴油发动机的可靠性要比汽油发动机的好。
由于不受爆燃的限制以及柴油自燃的需要，柴油机压缩比很高。
热效率和经济性都要好于汽油机，同时在相同功率的情况下，柴油机的扭矩大，最大功率时的转速低，适合于载货汽车的使用。
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Chapter 6
ENGINE STARTING EQUIPMENT
1 . Starting of Engines
An internal-combustion engine will operate cfficiently only under conditions of normal mixture formation and normal ignition and combustion of the fuel. The following difficulties may be encoun-tered in starting the engine.
When the crankshaft rotates slowly and the velocity of the air or mixture being drawn in is reduced, the formation of the mixture (especially in diesels) appreciably deteriorates. This results in a pressure drop at the end of compression stroke due to leakage of mixture or air through locks and air gaps in the piston rings, insuf-ficiently lubricated during the initial starting period. The tempera-ture of the compressed mixture or air decreases due to the lower pressure, but mainly due to the more intensive removal of heat th
2. Starting Engines
Starting engines must fire easily and reliably in any conditions, develop sufficient power, be small in weight and size, simple in design, and inexpensive.
Fig. 41. Type II-10M starting engine:
1-flywheel, 2-crankshaft bearing, 3-crankshaft, 4-cylinder, 5-connecting rod, 6-piston pin, 7-piston, 8-glow plug, 9-carburettor, 10-drive to diesel
Type II-10m (Fig. 41) starting engine is mounted on II-35, II-36, II-38, II-54, II-70, CMII-7 and other diesels. This is a gasoline left-hand rotation, single-cylinder, two-stroke carburetor crankcase-sca venged engine. It develops 10 hp at 3,500 rpm.
Type II-46 starting engine is installed on type 6kIIM-50 and KIIM-100 diesels. This is a two-cylinder, four-stroke gasoline-fired engine with a left-hand rotation. It develops a power of 19 hp at 2,600 rpm.
Power Transmission System of Diesel Starting Engine. The power transmission system brings the running starting engine into smooth engagement with the idle diesel and automatically disconnects the starting engine from the main engine after the latter has been started. If necessary, the power transmission system can beused to increase the torque transmitted by the starting engine.
The power transmission system of starting engines incorporates the following mechanisms (Fig. 42): clutch 8, reduction gear 7, mechanism 10 for automatic engagement and disengagement of drive gear 6. This mechanism operate s as follows.
The drive gear is engaged, i.e., shifted along its axis to the right until it meshes with the flywheel rim, by displacing body 5 by means of gear arm 1. This compresses spring 9 and draws apart loaded arms 2 whose lugs catch the bosses of the bush screwed into the shaft. The teeth of the arms and spring 3 Keep the mechanism engaged.
The mechanism is disengaged automatically when the speed of the diesel crankshaft attains 300-350 rpm. The centrifugal forces produced by the arm teeth will overcome the tension of spring 3 and draw the arms spart, while spring 9, thus released, will bring by means of rod 4 the body of the engaging mesh with the toothing of the diesel flywheel.。