高考英语语法填空动词知识点与语法填空题与答案

高考英语语法填空动词知识点与语法填空题与答案
高考英语语法填空动词知识点与语法填空题与答案

高考英语语法填空动词知识点与语法填空题与答案

动词是一类词性,一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。在英语中,动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类,一类是谓语动词,另一类是非谓语动词。小编在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。

高考英语语法填空动词知识点

动词概说

1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。

a)表示动作:swim游泳push推

b)表示状态:have有be是

2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。

限定动词和非限定动词

从是否被主语所限定来分,动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。

1)限定动词限定动词用作句子的谓语动词,并被主语所限定,有人称和数的变化。如:

He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。

Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。

We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。

An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。

2)非限定动词非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,

在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词,故不被主语所限定,没有人称和数的变化。如:

I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)

Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词)

I heard them singing the Internationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词)

Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词)

实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词

从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(1ink verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。

1)实义动词实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:

The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。

He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。

We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。

2)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。如:

It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。

It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。

The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。

Keep quiet,please!请安静!,

The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。

Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。

The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。

[注一]下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如:

The old mans dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。

Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。

[注二]有些连系动词如seem, appear等后面常跟to be。如:

The new text seens to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易,其实相当难。

She appears to be the girls sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。

3)情态动词情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等及其过去式could,might等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。

[注]关于情态动词详见第十一章。

4)助动词助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld,do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。

及物动词和不及物动词

从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:

I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

How long can I keep the book ?Harry asked.哈里问:这本书我可以借多久?

Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。

Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:

Birds fly.鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。

My watch stopped.我的表停了。

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动

词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)

b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:

Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

4) 与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及

物动词,如serve为服务。

Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。

短语动词

动词常和某些其他词类用在一起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词一样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待,同一般动词一样使用。

1)动词+ 介词这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:

The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。

Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗?

Look at the children. Arent they lovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!

We stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。

这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。

2) 动词+副词这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。如:

I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)

Look out,theres a car coming! 当心,来汽车了!(不及物)

Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物)

Please dont forget to put on your coat;its cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)

这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如put out (扑灭),eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。

[注一] 动词+副词这类短语动词和上面第一类动词+ 介词的不同之处在于:动词+ 介词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。动词+ 副词则有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。如:

Please wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。

If you have done your exercises,please hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。

She doesnt normally behave like that;shes putting it on.她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。

[注二] 这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如:

He took off his hat when he entered the office.

他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物)

The plane took off at seven sharp.

飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)

Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.

查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)

If you cant come,please ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)

3) 动词+ 副词+ 介词短语动词动词+ 副词之后有的可以再加一个介词,形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。如:

Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment 不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续)

He came up to me.他走到我跟前。(come up to走近)

这类短语动词还有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。

4)动词+ 名词+ 介词这类短语动词也是及物的。如

He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。

Young pioneers often come to the Childrens Palace to take part in after=school activities. 少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。

Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。

Her job is taking care of the babies.她的工作是照顾婴儿。

这一类短语动词还有:put an end to (结束),take notice of (注意),catch hold of (抓住),lose sight of(看不见),make use of(利用)等

动词的基本形式(principal forms of the verb)

1) 英语动词的四种基本形式它们是动词原形(room form of the verb),过去式(past tense form),过去分词(past participle)和现在分词(present participle)。这四种形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态、语态和语气。

原形过去式过去分词现在分词

work worked worked working

write wrote written writing

have had had having

do did done doing

2) 动词原形动词原形就是词典中一般给的动词的形式,如be,have,do,work,study等。

3)动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词,由在原形后面加词尾-ed 构成。

[注] 少数双音节动词,尽管重音在第一个音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ed。如:

5travel-traveled 5level-1evelled

5total-totaled 5model- modelled

但美国英语不双写辅音字母,如travel-traveled。

不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的。这些动词为数虽不多,但都是比较常用的,必须熟记。不规则动词表见本书附录一。

4)动词的现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。

其构成方法如下:

a)一般情况下,直接加-ing:

go-going 去stand-standing站立

ask-asking answer - answering回答

study-studying学习be-being是

see-seeing看

[注一] 和名词复数、动词第三人称现在一般时加-s(-es)不同,动词末尾如为辅音字母+ y时,y不变,其后直接加-ing。如studying [5stQdiiN],fly - flying [5flaiiN],carry-carrying [5kAriiN]。

[注二] 动词结尾为辅音字母r时,加-ing,r在此必须发音。如:enter [5entE] -entering [5entEriN]进入

answer [5B:nsE]-answering[5B:nsEriN]回答

wear [wZE] - wearing [5wZeriN]穿

b)以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ing。如:

come-coming 来write-writing写

take-taking拿become-becoming变成

c)动词是闭音节的单音节词,或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,

而末尾只有一个辅音字母时,这个辅音字母须双写,然后再加-ing。如:

Sit-sitting坐run-running跑

Stop-stopping 停止begin-beginning开始

admit-admitting 承认forget-forgetting忘记

[注一] send,think,accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾,但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母,因此,这个辅音字母不双写,应直接加-ing。如:sending,thinking,accepting。

[注二] 少数双音节的动词,重音在第一音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ing。如:

5travel-traveling 5level-levelling

5total-totaling 5model-modelling

美国英语不双写辅音字母,如travel-traveling。

d)少数几个以-ie止结尾的动词,须将ie变作y,再加ing。如:

die-dying死,tie-tying捆,缚,系

lie-lying躺,说谎

[注]少数以-c结尾的动词变为过去式和现在分词时,须先将-c变为ck,然后再加-ed或-ing。如:

picnic picnicked picnicking

traffic trafficked trafficking

高考英语语法填空题与答案

Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.

Some of my friends who had been there before said 16 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.

After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_____(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, 19_____ for the week after. I didnt understand 20____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21______ the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_____(surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_____ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24____ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_____(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.

【文章大意】本文为记叙文。作者为我们讲述了一家人去迈阿密旅游时的一次经历。[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为个人经历。讲述了作者的一次旅游经历。虽然预订房间出现了差错,但问题得到

了很好的解决,作者感到很满意。

16.【考点】本题考查替代。【答案】it【解析】本空用it代替前面出现的迈阿密。

17.【考点】本题考查副词比较级。【答案】earlier【解析】解此题关键在于本句中的had made可知,作者在到达迈阿密之前就提前六个月预定了房间。本句暗含比较,意思是早在六个月前。

18.【考点】本题考查时态和被动语态。【答案】were told【解析】事情在过去发生,所以用一般过去时。我们应该是由旅馆那边告知,所以使用被动语态;因为叙述的是过去发生的事情,we与tell之间是被动关系,所以本句使用一般过去时的被动语态。

19.【考点】本题考查副词。【答案】but【解析】这是考虑notbut 结构,意为不是为那个星期订的,而是为后一个星期所订的。notbut 不是而是。此处表示句意的转折。

20.【考点】本题考查连词。【答案】how【解析】意为我不知道怎么会发生这样的事,故用how。考查宾语从句的连接词。我不理解为什么会发生这样的事。/我不理解这样的事是如何发生的。

21.【考点】本题考查与动词搭配的介词。【答案】for【解析】因chargefor意为收费,chargefor为收(费)。是习惯搭配。

22.【考点】本题考查副词用法。【答案】surprisingly【解析】解此题关键在于本空后的helpful是一个形容词,修饰形容词应该用副词。

23.【考点】本题考查冠词。【答案】the【解析】这里是特指顶

层,所以用定冠词。the top floor顶层。

24.【考点】本题考查定语从句。【答案】where【解析】本句中含有定语从句,先行词是beach,where=on which=and on the beach=and there引导定语从句,修饰先行词the beach。因为先行词是地点名词,关系词在定语从句中作状语,所以填where。

25.【考点】本题考查被动语态。【答案】sunburnt/sunburned 【解析】get后接过去分词表被动。此处意为被晒伤。get sunburnt/sunburned晒伤。

【英语】 英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析

【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed;before;director;explained;when;of;a;longer;his;at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 (1)考查非谓语动词。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系,故填Dressed。 (2)考查状语从句。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意,客人睡觉之前需要暖床,故填before。 (3)考查名词。句意:爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说,这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名,两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语,所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 (4)考查时态。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知,这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 (5)考查定语从句。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意,这是一个定语从句,先行词为the beginning of the night,并且先行词在从句中做时间状语,故填关系词when。 (6)考查介词。句意:人体温度之所以会下降,部分原因在于,(这时)人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张,散发了热量。空前前后都是名词,所以空格处应填介词,the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系,故填of。 (7)考查冠词。句意:温暖的床(温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间)有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后,空格后为一个可数单数名词短语,所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的,故填a。

2016高考英语语法填空真题精选10篇

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英语语法填空练习题及答案 一、高中英语语法填空 1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 New Year's Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to ________(welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year's Eve is a ________(nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses________(pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year's Eve party, ________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances________ loud music. I have lots of good ________(memory) of New Year's Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year's Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ________(bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year's Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition________(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year's Eve is always ________exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ________(be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world's cities. 【答案】 welcoming;national;are packed;which;to;memories;bitterly;to visit;an;is 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,对世界各地的许多人来说,除夕是国家的假日。作者回忆了除夕的许多美好记忆。 (1)考查非谓语动词。句意:这总是一个令人兴奋的时刻,因为人们期待着迎接新的一年。look forward to固定短语,“期待”,to是介词,后面接动名词,所以填welcoming。(2)考查形容词。句意:对世界各地的许多人来说,除夕是国家的假日。该空修饰名词holiday,用形容词,所以填national。 (3)考查时态语态。句意:在很多国家,人们会回老家过年,所以通常火车和公共汽车上都挤满了人。描述经常或反复发生的动作,用一般现在时。"火车和公共汽车"与"挤满"之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填are packed。 (4)考查定语从句。句意:在英国,人们通常在某人家里举行新年晚会,邀请朋友、家人和邻居。_________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors.是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是a New Year's Eve party,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。 (5)考查介词。句意:客厅变成了一个迷你迪斯科舞厅,每个人都随着响亮的音乐跳舞。dance to固定短语,“随着……起舞”,故填to。 (6)考查名词。句意:我对除夕有很多美好的回忆。"美好的回忆"是复数意义,用名词复数,故填memories。 (7)考查副词。句意:天下着雪,冷得刺骨。修饰形容词cold,用副词,故填bitterly。(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:在那里,参拜神社并祈求好运是一种传统。不定式作主语,一般用it作形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置,故填to visit。 (9)考查冠词。句意:我想无论你在哪里,除夕总是一个令人兴奋的日子。泛指"一个令

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