高中英语语法之特殊句式的 结构

特殊句式的结构1. It结构一、强调句　强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：(1)被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。(2)被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。It was Marie Curie and her husband whodiscovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding ourcountry day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。(4)对not...until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until...that从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。It was not until the last operation was finished thatBethune left the battle hospital.(5)强调句的疑问形式：When was it that he made up his mind to take thiscourse?他是什么时候决定选修这一门课程的？Why is it that he doesn’t like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？Was it in 1939 that the Second World War brokeout?(6)强调句型与It is/was＋时间＋when从句：在上述句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了

2. but 的用法a. anything but…一点儿也不She was anything but mad.b. nothing but…仅仅，只She heard nothing but the wind.c. but for….除非，要不是 But for your help, I wouldn’t have succeed. d. can’t help but do (can’t help doing…) 禁不住… We cannot help but admit that the Chinese people are a great people.e. have no choice but to do 不得不 She had no choice but to wait.f. not…but… 不是…而是… I meant not he but you should pay attention to pronunciation. He failed not because he isn’t clever but he didn’t workhard.

3. 倒装句型全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和　一般过去时。常见的结构有：　1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.　2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)　句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom,little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leavethe room.　当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance.

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, Nosooner… than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severelycriticized the sender.　注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music

So neither nor 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won't go, neither will I

Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come tothe meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay inbed

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。注意： 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do thework satisfactorily.

注意:让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to movean inch.2)　在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy.3)　在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again 1)　陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

2)　陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3)　陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom,hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4)　含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn'the?

5)　陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't+主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6)　陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7)　陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8)　陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn'the?