高考英语语法专题名词

高考英(Ying)语语法专题名词答(Da)案：introduction由空格前的定冠词the可知其后(Hou)应接名词作介词with的宾语.2．(2017·全国(Guo)卷Ⅲ，66)She is determined to carry on with her________ (educate).答(Da)案：education形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语.由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education.3．(2017·浙江高考，56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.答案：carrots由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案：studies根据句子谓语动词show可知，主语应该是名词的复数形式.5．(2016·全国(Guo)卷Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).答(Da)案：attraction根据空格前的形容词top可知应用(Yong)名词，形容词常用作定语来修饰名词.6．(2016·全国(Guo)卷Ⅱ，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).答(Da)案：achievement介词of后要用名词作宾语.a sense ofachievement “成就感”.7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.答案：days few修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days.every few days “每隔几天”.8．(2016·江苏高考，阅读C)The weather ________(effect), both good and bad, are felt in many places.答案：effects句子的谓语为are felt，由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects.9．(2016·北京高考，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案：growth形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列. 10．(2015·浙江高考，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案：stress动词reduce后需用名词作宾语，stress “压力，紧张”，是不可数名词.句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受.一、可数(Shu)名词的数可数名词都有单(Dan)数和复数之分.(一)名词复数的(De)规则变化(二)名词(Ci)复数的不规则变化二、不可数(Shu)名词不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单(Dan)复数之分.1．常考的(De)不可数名词2．抽象名词(Ci)具体化抽象名词在表(Biao)示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常见的和常考的有：3．物质名词的复(Fu)数现象(1)有些物质名词(Ci)用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物.paper(纸)—papers(证件(Jian)，论文)custom(风(Feng)俗习惯)—customs(海关)arm(胳膊(Bo))—arms(武器，装备)air(空气)—airs(摆架子，装腔作势)(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式，表示由大量该物质组成的事物. sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩，沙漠)water(水)—waters(水域，水体)time(时间)—times(时代)wood(木头(Tou)，木材)—woods(树林)(3)有些物质名词用复数形(Xing)式表示不同的种类，如food, wine,metal, fish, vegetable等(Deng).The wines of France are among the best in the world.三、名(Ming)词的所有格1．有生命的名词，其所(Suo)有格一般在名词后加-'s.his father's boss 他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格.today's paper 今天的报纸England's shore 英国的海岸the car's design 这辆车的设计We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加-'s所有格.for friendship's sake 为了友情at a stone's throw 一箭之远at one's finger's tip 手头上有at arm's length 保持距离；在伸手可及处at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷4．无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系.the window of the room 这个房间的窗户5．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s.Jane and Mary's mother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关(Guan)系)Jane's and Mary's mothers简的妈妈和(He)玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)6．双重(Zhong)所有格：“a/two/some ...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性(Xing)物主代词”构成双重所(Suo)有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物.a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Although these _______ (measure) are not effective forever, they are vitalfor now.答案：measures根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断，主语应用复数形式measures.2．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste a widevariety of ________ (apple).答案：apples a (wide) variety of “各种各样的”，修饰复数名词.句意：在苹果节人们可以看到，并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果.3．The __________ (life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks tothe effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.答案：lives句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式，由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语.4．It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________答(Da)案：介(Jie)词of之后要用名词， a form of“一种沟通方(Fang)式”.5. I had no ________ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.答(Da)案：choice形容词no后面应(Ying)跟名词.have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”，固定搭配.6．Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustments句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校将做出调整.make adjustments是固定表达，意为“做出调整”.7．There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ (think) and then let me know.答案：thought句意：现在没必要告诉我你的答案.认真考虑，然后告诉我.some后应跟名词，thought “思索，考虑”.8．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungrystomach.答案：child's此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”，空后是名词stomach，提示词是child，空前是不定冠词a，故用child的所有格形式. 9．When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his________ (balanced) and had a bad fall.答(Da)案：balance句意：小(Xiao)男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤.根据空(Kong)格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语.lose one's balance “失去(Qu)平衡”.10．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money fora new one?—That's a good ________ (suggest).答(Da)案：suggestion句意：——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是个好建议.由常识可知形容词修饰名词，故good 后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion.Ⅱ.单句改错1．“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background._____________________________________________________答案：grow→growth考查词性转换.由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth.2. As a witness, he gave the police a vivid descriptions of the accident._____________________________________________________答案：descriptions→description考查名词.description “描述，描写”，give sb. a description为固定短语，意为“向某人作描述”.3．You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed._____________________________________________________答案：possessions→possession考查固定短语.take possession of “拥有，占有”，固定搭配.4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill.____________________________________________________答(Da)案：skill→skills考查名(Ming)词的数.由many修饰可数名词复数可知(Zhi)应用skills.5．Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.____________________________________________________答(Da)案：第一(Yi)个me→mine 考查双重所有格.此处表示“我的几个朋友”，应用“n.＋of＋名词性物主代词”结构.Ⅲ.语法填空1__ (I) published. Although I've tried hard, none of my __2__ (book) have been published. This is really ____ (upset)．3This morning, Ireceived a call from a publisher and __4__(tell) once again that there was no way my book would be published. ____ (feel) sad, I left home and5went to the park near my apartment. At the park, I sat down on the bench near the grass.While I was sitting there, I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. Hewas running on the grass, ____ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy6when he enjoyed the__7__ (free) of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass,ued to run as fast __but he quickly got up and contin8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing____ (happen)．910Seeing that, I was ____(true) inspired. I suddenly realized that Ishouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead, I should cheer up and keep on trying.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9．________ 10.________篇章导(Dao)读：本(Ben)文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地(Di)上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景，从而受到启发：人生遇到挫折不能气馁，而是要振作起来，继续努力奋斗.1．mine考(Kao)查双重所有格.由(You)设空前的“a book of”可知，应填名词性物主代词，且此处表示“我的一本书”，故填mine.2．books考查名词的数.根据主谓一致原则，none of后可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数形式，book为可数名词，故应填books.3．upsetting考查词性转换.副词really修饰形容词，this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事，由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语.4．was told考查动词的语态和时态.句意：我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版.句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系，因此需用被动语态，且由“this morning”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态.5．Feeling考查非谓语动词.feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I，是主动关系，因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语，表示原因.Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad.6．with考查介词.with的复合结构作伴随状语.7．freedom考查词性转换.根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词，即在草地上奔跑的自由.8．as考(Kao)查连词.as fast as he could “尽可能(Neng)快地”，as ... as为固(Gu)定结构.9．had happened考查(Cha)动词的时态.句意：摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来，依然面带笑容(Rong)地奔跑着，好像什么事也没有发生似的.根据语境可知，as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设，因此需用虚拟语气.10．truly考查词性转换.句意：看到此情此景，我真的受到启发.副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired.Ⅳ.短文改错Dear Peter，I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so in this way you can learn fromteachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible.Besides, it is good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and rememberChinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which you will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning Chinese, too. We hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours ，Li Hua答案：Dear Peter ，I'm glad to give you some advices ①advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here is ②are a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so ③becausein this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped ④helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it ＼⑤it∧is possible. Besides, it is ∧⑥agood idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easier ⑦easily. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which ⑧whomyou will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning ⑨learn Chinese, too. We ⑩Ihope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours，Li Hua1.advices→advice 考查不可(Ke)数名词.advice是不可(Ke)数名词，没有复数形式.2.is→are 考查主谓(Wei)一致.主(Zhu)语suggestions是复数形式，谓语动词也应该用复数.3.so→because 考查(Cha)连词.后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因，而非结果.4.helped→helps 考查动词的时态.本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处，应用一般现在时.5.去掉whenever后的it或(Huo)在it后加is 考查省(Sheng)略.whenever it is possible的(De)省略形式为whenever possible.6.good idea前(Qian)加a 考查名(Ming)词的数.idea是可数名词.7.easier→easily 考查副词.修饰谓语动词learn and remember应用副词.8.which→whom 考查关系代词.定语从句的先行词Chinese friends是指人的名词短语，且关系词在从句中作宾语，故关系代词应用whom.9.learning→learn 考查非谓语动词.help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”.10.We→I 考查人称代词.根据短文开头I'm glad to give you some ... 可知，应将We改为I.。