2019山东淄博中考英语解析

淄博市2019年初中学业水平考试

英语试题

第I卷（选择题共42分）

(2019山东淄博) —、完形填空（共10小题, 满分10分）

阅读下面短文，从每小題A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。

(2019山东淄博)For thousands of years, people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They 1 cloth, dyes（染料）and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools.

People progressed to making machines powered 2 water and steam（蒸汽），and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories 3 of machines created jobs

in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution（工业革命）changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on 4 .

Companies built power plants（工厂）to make 5 to run the machines, factories and cities.

People did not realize these activities were 6 the Earth. They didn’t realize how 7 oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up. 8 cities grew bigger and spread across the land, plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏）as people moved into new places.

As time passed, people began to 9 the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源）.They saw that plants and animals needed protection, so they wouldn’t disappear forever. People joined together to tell 10 around the world to conserve(节约）our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so, Earth Day was born. Each year more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?

1.A. separated B. washed C. made D. mixed

2.A. as B. for C. with D. by

3.A. full B. proud C. sick D. short

4.A. mountains B. rivers C. grasslands D. farms

5.A. metal B. water C. electricity D. oil

6.A. helping B. harming C. wasting D. losing

7.A .clearly B. hardly C. quickly D. slowly

8.A. Before B. If C. As D.Though

9.A. forget B. see C. remember D. get

10.A. them B. other C. another D. others

【主旨大意】本文为一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了从古代的农田耕作到现在的进城工作，工业革命改变了人们的生活，但也给地球带来了破坏。人们开始意识到保护我们赖以生存的地球的重要性，于是有了“地球日”，旨在呼吁每个人都参与到保护地球的行动中来。

【答案】1-5 CDADC 6-10 BCCBD

1.C【解析】考查动词辨析。separated分离，分开；wash冲洗；made制作，制成；mixed 混合。句意：他们用植物制作成布匹、染料和纸张。由句意可知选C。

2.D【解析】考查介词辨析。由设空所在句中的“and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol”可知，此处应填by, 表方式、方法。

3.A【解析】考查形容词辨析。所给项均可与设空后介词of构成短语。full of充满了；proud of为...而自豪；sick of厌烦，厌倦；short of缺少，短缺。句意：工厂里...机器，给成千上万人创造在城里的工作。由句意可知A项正确。

4.D【解析】考查名词辨析。mountains山脉；rivers河流；grassland草地；farms农场。由第一段“For thousands of years, people farmed the land.”及第二段“Factories 3 of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. ”可知，更多的人在城里工作，而不在农场上了。故选D。

5.C【解析】考查名词辨析。metal金属；water水；electricity电；oil油。由句意可知，设空处为工厂的产物，为机器提供能量。而A、B、D均为自然界本来就有的东西，故选C。

6.B【解析】考查动词辨析。helping帮助；harming伤害；wasting浪费；losing失去。由下文“Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏）as people moved into new places.”可知人类的这些活动正在伤害地球，故选B。

7.C【解析】考查副词辨析。clearly清楚的；hardly几乎不；quickly迅速地；slowly慢地。由上下文可知，此处指人们大肆发展工业，消耗自然界的能源如油、气、煤等为机器提供动力，因此耗费得快，很快就会用尽了，故选C。

8.C【解析】考查连词。Before在...之前；If如果，假如；As随着；由于；Though尽管。句意：...城市变得越来越大，沿着陆地蔓延开来，植物和动物就开始消失了。由句意可知，主句与从句动作是同时进行的，故应用时间状语连词as（随着）来引导，故选C。

9.B【解析】考查动词辨析。forget忘记；see看见，看到；remember记得；get得到。句意：随着时间的流逝，人们开始...保护地球和其自然资源的必要性。由句意可知，B项符合句意。

10.D【解析】考查代词。them它（他/她）们，用作代词，指代上文提及的复数名词；other 其余的，常用作形容词作定语；another又一个，代词，常指不确定数量的又一个；others

其余的人/物，用作代词。由句意“人们联合在一起，告诉世界上的其它人要节约资源，关爱地球。”可知，设空处指的是除了主语之外的他人，且是复数概念，应填others，故选D。(2019山东淄博)II.阅读理解

A

图片模糊不清

B(2019山东淄博)

(2019山东淄博)Can you imagine walking in , sitting next to a stranger and asking for the latest news or putting a recent novel down next to someone’s coffee and asking for their opinion before giving yours?

But more than 300 years ago , this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712 , the Starbucks site（位置）today was occupied(占据) by Button’s coffeehouses. Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands , was the white marble（大理石）head of a lion with wide-open mouth. The public was invited to feed it with letters and stories. The best of the lion’s digest（文摘）were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison’s Guardian newspaper, named ‘the roaring of the lion’.

Today, few people know Button’s. It’s just one of London’s forgotten coffeehouses.

London’s first coffeehouse was opened by a Greek named Pasque Roseé in 1652. While a servant for a British merchant in Turkey, Roseé developed a taste for the exotic（异国情调的）Turkish drink and decided to import（进口）it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet , greet, drink, think ,write, and joke.

14.Where was the white marble lion head?

A. In the backyard of the Starbucks.

B. On the Button’s long wooden tables.

C. In Joseph Addison’s Guardian newspaper

D. On the wall of Button’s coffeehou ses.

15.How often was “the roaring of the lion” published?

A. Every day.

B. Every week.

C. Every month.

D. Every year.

16.What kind of coffee did Pasque Roseé import to London?

A. Turkish coffee.

B. Black coffee

C. White coffee

D. Sweet coffee

17.What can we infer (推断）from the passage?

A. People could hardly found a coffeehouse in 1712 in London.

B. Starbucks, Button’s and Roseé were famous coffeehouse of London in 1700s.

C. Button’s was usually noisy and crowded at night 300 hundre d years ago .

【主旨大意】本文为说明文。文章向我们介绍了三百多年前伦敦赫赫有名的Button’s咖啡馆现在已被星巴克咖啡馆取代，而历史上首次将咖啡引入伦敦的却是一名叫做Pasque Roseé的希腊人，是他创办了第一间位于伦敦的咖啡馆。

【答案】14-17 DBAC

14.D 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“In 1712 , the Starbucks site（位置）today was occupied(占据) by Button’s coffeehouses. ...... On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands , was the white marble（大理石）head of a lion with wide-open mouth.”可知，白色大理石狮子头曾位于Button’s 咖啡店的墙上，故选D。

15.B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“The best of the lion’s digest（文摘）were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison’s Guardian newspaper, named ‘the roaring of the lion’”可知，“the roaring of the lion”文摘是一份周刊，故选B。

16.A 【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段“While a servant for a British me rchant in Turkey, Roseédeveloped a taste for the exotic（异国情调的）Turkish drink and decided to import（进口）it to London. ”可知Pasque Roseé引入伦敦的咖啡是土耳其风味的咖啡，故选A。

17.C【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“In 1712 , the Starbucks site（位置）today was occupied(占据) by Button’s coffeehouses.”可知1712年伦敦已经有了Button’s咖啡馆，故A项错误；由文章描述可知，Button’s咖啡馆现在已经被星巴克咖啡馆替代，但根据文章内容无法判断在18世纪伦敦是否有星巴克咖啡馆，故无法推断出B项所述内容的正确性；由第二段“But more than 300 years ago , ......into the night. ”可知，300多年前Button’s咖啡馆人声鼎沸，各行各业的人们聚集在这里直到晚上，故C项正确；由文章最后一句可知各行各业的人们来享受Pasque Roseé.咖啡馆的咖啡，而D项表示仅仅只有生意人来Pasque Roseé.喝咖啡，故D项

错误。综上所述，选C。

(2019山东淄博)阅读短文C, 根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

C(2019山东淄博)

(2019山东淄博)I did not grow up in a family with books. 18 My process of being a reader seemed amazing. I got lost in one book that opened up my world and changed my life.

My primary school teacher always gave her pupils time to read for pleasure in school. She believed it would improve reading greatly. 19 It was a biography（传记）of actress Greta Garbo. I picked it up and began to read from cover to cover. The words I read attracted（吸引）me and I was excited. I realized that there were other women like Greta who had made great efforts and changed their lives. I recognized（认识）myself in her.

From then on, my teacher had a hard time keeping me supplied（提供）with books. She dug up all the biographies of women that she could find. 20

It has been a long road. 1 am now a physics professor in a university. 21 Recently, someone gave me Justice Sonia Sotomayor’s autobiography. Once again, I am encouraged and am imagining new possibilities for my life.

A.Most of my time is spent reading scientific literature.

B. Their stories were like road maps that allowed me to see where I could go on with my life.

C. In my home, there was neither time nor energy to read.

D. Reading plays an important role in my life.

E. One day，she put a book on my desk.

【主旨大意】本文为一篇记叙文。作者以第一人称“我”的口吻讲述了自己是如何爱上阅读，阅读又是如何改变了自己的人生，并鼓舞着自己前进的故事。

【答案】18-21CEBD

18.C【解析】由设空前一句句意“我并不是出生在一个满是书籍的家庭。”，观察所给句子可知，C项（在我家里，既没有时间也没有精力来阅读。）与上句句意联系紧密，且关键词home与family匹配，故选C。

19.E【解析】设空前两句是对小学老师进行描述，而设空下一句出现了一本讲述人物传记的书，结合所给句子，可发现E项（有一天，她放了一本书在我的桌上。）既与上文联系紧密，也提及了下文所谈到的书，故选E。

20.B【解析】由设空下一段第一句“It has been a long road. ”关键词road可知应填B项（她们的故事就像路标指引着我，让我看到我可以去哪儿继续我的生活。）。

21. D【解析】结合上下文及所给选项可知，此处应填D项（阅读在我的生活中扮演者重要角色），且选项中的关键词“my life”与最后一句照应。

(2019山东淄博)阅读D部分的材料，将22-26小题中五位同学的烦恼与专家所给的建议A-E 进行匹配。

D(2019山东淄博)

22. One of my friends sometimes takes aside another friend to talk to her about something

she doesn’t want me to hear. It makes me feel sad. What should I do ?

23. Some of my friend are in a fight . I like them all equally（同样的）, but they say I have to choose sides. Help!

24. I look up to my sisters. They’re both intelligent（聪明的). I feel that I’ll never be as good as them.

25. I am the shortest person in my clas s, and my classmates call me “Tiny Mouse.” How can

I make them stop?

26. I always use the computer and can’t stop . I feel that I’m not getting any smarter and the computer is warping(扭曲) my brain.

A. It’s wonderful that you admire them, but try not to co mpare yourself to them. Instead

of trying to be like them, just try to be the best you possible. You will find that you will be much happier when you try to be true to yourself , rather than when you try to be like someone else.

A.The only way to break a habit is to force yourself to do something different. A world of exciting and interesting activities is just waiting for you. Write a list of things you’ve always wanted to do, learn, make, or try. When you feel like playing it, do something else.

C. Discuss this with her. Try not to suppose that she talks about you unless you actually hear what she says. But let her know that you are unhappy when she tells secrets around you. If you feel uncomfortable talking to her in person, you could write her a note instead.

D. We often hear from kids who are laughed at about their height. They probably don’t mean to hurt your feelings. There are advantages and disadvantages to being any size. You might play along and come up with a funny reply. However, if you feel hurt, try talking to a parent or teacher.

E. Explain to your friends that you like all of them. You can play with each person or group separately. If they don’t like this, then you may want to focus on other friendships until these friends work things out. Another idea is to offer to help your friends solve their problems.

【主旨大意】本文为议论文。文章主要列举了五位学生的烦恼，然后给出专家相关建议进行匹配。

【答案】22-26 CEAD B

22. C【解析】细节理解题。本段意为“我的一个朋友有时与另一朋友说一些不愿让我听到的事情，这让我很伤心，我该怎么做呢？”。结合选项可知，C项关键词“unhappy”、“secrets”及句意与本段话相匹配。

23. E【解析】细节理解题。本段意为“我的一些朋友们打架了。我与他们的关系一样好，但他们说我得边站。求助！”。结合选项可知，E项关键词“your friends”及句意与本段话相匹配。

24. A【解析】细节理解题。本段意为“我敬佩我的姐姐们。她们都很聪明，我感觉我不如她们好。”结合选项可知，A项关键词“admire”、“compare yourself to them”及句意与本段话相匹配。

25.D【解析】细节理解题。本段意为“我是班上最矮的学生。同学们嘲笑我为“小老鼠”。我该怎么让他们停止呢？”结合选项可知，D项关键词“are laughed at about their height”及句意与本段话相匹配。

26. B 【解析】细节理解题。本段意为“我对电脑上瘾了。我感觉我没有变聪明，相反，电脑扭曲了我的脑子。”结合选项可知，B 项关键词“break a habit”、“feel like playing it”及句意与本段话相匹配。

第II 卷 （非选择题，共48分）

(2019山东淄博)三、选词填空（共10小题，满分10分）

根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。毎个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。

(2019I want you to know that you remind me of myself in so many ways. You are like a better and improved version （版本）of me. I look at you and I see myself 27 your eyes. I wish I had that confidence （信心）and even some of your bossiness （霸气）at that age. Yet ，I'm also troubled on seeing this confidence 28 disappearing, because you are 29 many different things. I want you to know that your confidence is one of the 30 things about you. All of us admire your confidence. However, you are 31 confident enough these days, because you are beginning to dislike your own body.

You are not fat. I agree that you could be a little healthier. You could eat a little less junk food. However, I don't know when you’ll begin to enjoy fruits, but I believe that you will.

I think one of the moments of 32 for me was when you were born, and the doctor said “Congratulations, you have another baby boy,” not because you were a boy but because you were healthy.

You're too young to understand this 33 — no one realizes the importance of a normal life 34 it is away from them. What I 35 for you is happiness: the understanding that you are not perfect and that it is okay because none of us is!

Stay confident and keep your head 36 ，my little boy —who is growing up too soon!

【主旨大意】本文为应用文。文章是一封母亲写给儿子的信件，以母亲的口吻来赞扬儿子，建议儿子少吃垃圾食品，多吃水果来保持健康，并鼓励儿子要保持自信。

【答案】27. in 28. slowly 29. facing 30. best 31. not 32. happiness 33. now 34. until

35. want 36. high

27. in 考查介词搭配。由句意可知，此处意为“我看着你，我能在你眼中看到我。” in one’s eyes 意为“在某人眼中”。

28. slowly 【解析】结合上下文及句中的“troubled”可知此处意为“信心在...消失”。所填词应为副词修饰动词disappearing ，结合方框所给词可知填slowly 。

29. facing 【解析】句意：我很困扰看到你的信心在慢慢消失，因为你...一些不同的东西。结合方框所给词及句意可知此处应填facing 。

30. best 【解析】句意：我想让你知道，你的信心是你...之一。由句意可知，所填词应为褒义形容词，又结合设空前的定冠词及方框所给词可知应填best 。

31. not【解析】由转折连词however可知，上文“我们都羡慕你的信心”，下文应意为“然而，这段日子你不太自信。”，故填否定助动词not。

32. happiness【解析】由下文的描述可知，此处指“幸福/快乐时光”，且所填词需为名词形式，故结合方框所给词可知应填happiness。

33. now【解析】句意：你太年轻而无法理解这些...。因句子结构完整，故所填词需为副词作状语，结合方框所给词可知此处应填表示时间的副词now。

34. until【解析】分析句意及句子结构可知，此处为“not...until...”句式，意为“直到正常生活没有了，人们才意识到它的重要性”。

35. want【解析】分析句子结构可知，本句主语为“What I 35 for you”，从句作主语缺少谓语动词，结合方框所给词可知填want。

36. high 【解析】由本句句首的“Stay confident”再结合方框所给词，可知此处应填high作宾补。keep your head high意为“让你的头高高昂起”。

(2019山东淄博)四、语法填空（共10小题，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2019山东淄博)Ernest Hemingway, the son of a doctor and a music teacher, was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway’s father37 (teach) him early on how to hunt and fish, two activities Hemingway loved throughout his life.

Instead of 38 (go) to college, Hemingway became a reporter for the kansas City Star. Later, in Europe, he worked as a driver 39 the Italian army until he was wounded and shipped home, where he again wrote for newspapers. Two years 40 , he moved to Paris, where he hoped to improve his writing. There he became friends with other 41 (America) writers, including Gertrude Stein and F.Scott Fitzgerald.

Hemingway developed 42 style of writing that was simple and direct. He chose words sparingly(俭省地), avoided using adjectives, and trusted the reader to understand the 43 (mean) of his writing. As he put it, “I always try44 (write) on the principle(原则）of the iceberg(冰山). There is seven eighths of it under water for every part that shows.” This style continues to influence writers today. In his career(生涯), which lasted some 40 years, Hemingway earned the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. He was one of the finest writers of the 45 (twenty) century.

For a while Ernest Hemingway lived in Key West , Florida, where he had nearly 50 cats. One of them was a cat with six toes(脚趾), which a ship’s captain had given him. Today his Key West home is a museum, and many cats still live there. Some of them are 46 (child) of Hemingway’s six-toed cat. Hemingway was married four times and had three sons. He died in 1961.

【主旨大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章按照时间顺序，讲述了著名作家“海明威”一生的经历。

37.taught【解析】考查动词时态。由上下文提供的语境可知，指的是海明威小时候爸爸教他狩猎和捕鱼，且上下文均为一般过去时，故填所给词的一般过去时形式。

38.going【解析】考查非谓语动词。instead of为介词短语，其后接动词时，需接动词ing形式，故填going。

39.for【解析】考查动介搭配。句意：在受伤被运送回国之前，海明威作为一名司机为意大利军队工作。由句意可知，所填词应表示工作的对象，应用介词for，work for 意为“为...工作”。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b612205846.html,ter【解析】考查副词。由上下文可知，此处意为“两年后，他搬家去了巴黎，希望在那儿能提升他的写作。”，故填时间副词later。

41.American【解析】考查形容词。由句干可知，所给词需作前置定语修饰名词writers,故需将其转换为形容词形式，故填American。

42.a【解析】考查冠词。句意：海明威发展了一种简单又直接的写作风格。由句意可知，此处应填不定冠词a来修饰可数名词style，意为“一种风格”。

43.meaning【解析】考查名词。句意：他选词俭省，避免使用形容词，相信他的读者们能理解他的作品里的意义。由句意可知，所填词意为“意义，意思”，故填mean对应的名词形式meaning，the meaning of sth. 意为“...的意思/义”。

44.to write【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词try后既可接不定式，意为“尽力做某事”；也可接动名词，意为“尝试做某事”。而根据句意：我总是尽量基于冰山原则来写作可知，应填不定式结构，故填to write。

45.twentieth【解析】考查序数词。由句意可知，填空处指的是“20世纪”，名词世纪前应用序数词来修饰，故填twentieth。

46.children【解析】考查名词复数。由设空前的主语谓语均为复数可知，应填所给词的复数形式，故填children。

(2019山东淄博)五、阅读表达（共5小题，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

(2019山东淄博)Around the world, people live in homes of many shapes and sizes. In some countryside, people live together with their family in a huge house with gardens or backyards. On the other hand, the buildings in cities are usually very close together.

A home can be any kind of building—large or small. Some people even have homes on boats, in tents or in caravans that can be moved around. Caravans are mobile homes. They are towed(拖，拉) by either a car or a huge truck. Some of them are holiday homes. We can see many families staying together in these caravans.

In the past, rich and important people built strong castles to keep their families safe. The castles(城堡) were built on hill tops with high walls and some even had moats. Moats were deep and wide ditches(壕沟) filled with water. They made it difficult for enemies to attack.

Today, we have different ways of protecting our homes. Some homes are installed(安装) with video cameras and an alarm system. These will help to alert(向……报警) home owners if someone tries to break in.

Homes are important to all the people. Everyone needs a home where they feel sheltered and safe.

47.How are the buildings in cities?

48.What is used to tow the caravans?

49.Who built castles to keep their families safe in the past?

50.Why were moats built?

47.They are usually very close together.【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“On the other hand, the buildings in cities are usua lly very close together.” 可知答案。

48.Either a car or a huge truck.【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“They are towed(拖，拉) by either

a car or a huge truck.”可知答案。

49.Rich people.【解析】细节理解题。由第三段“In the past, rich and important people built strong castles to keep their families safe. ”可知答案。

50.Because they made it difficult for enemies to attack.【解析】细节理解题。由第三段“Moats were deep and wide ditches(壕沟) filled with water. They made it difficult for enemies to attack. ”可知答案。

51.Video cameras and an alarm system.【解析】细节理解题。由第四段“Today, we have different ways of protecting our homes. Some homes are installed(安装) with video cameras and an alarm system. ”可知答案。

(2019山东淄博)六、书面表达（共1小题，满分18分）

假定你是李明，你的英国朋友约翰想了解你参加社会实践活动或研学旅行方面的情况。请用英文给他写一封100词左右的电子邮件，介绍一次你参加的这样的活动。要点如下：

1.你参加了什么活动；

2.你做了什么；

3.你学到了什么。

注意：

1.书写规范，表达连贯，可根据内容适当发挥：

2.文中不得出现真实的地区、学校及姓名：

3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear John,

Thanks for your last e-mail. Now I’m writing to tell you something about a trip called “Be a Kid

in the Mountains” I had last summer.

After the end-of -term examination, Mr. Li ,our headteacher, took us to join a trip called “Be a Kid in the Mountains” . We stayed in a mountain for five days. In the daytime, we can go hiking and do some teamwork. In the evening, we can do such activities as “popular games and group dance around the fire. It was such an unusual experience that we forgot about computers, homework and even our parents. From the trip, I learned how to team with others and we could achieve what we want by ourselves.

What do you think of my trip? Please write to me and share something unforgettable with me!

Yours,

Li Ming