英汉长句翻译
英语长句的翻译( briefed)
1. 英汉句子结构的差异
Synthetic vs. Analytic Compact vs. Diffusive Hypotactic vs. Paratactic Complex vs. Simple
汉语长句 流水句，竹节句
①I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon / ②just setting,/ ③where rays strew near my cribs. 我趁着正要落下去的半个月亮的亮光穿上衣服； 我趁着正要落下去的半个月亮的亮光穿上衣服；月光 从小床边窄窄的窗子射了进来。 从小床边窄窄的窗子射了进来。
Corporations such as Microsoft, Compaq and Intel are but a few examples of American companies whose early growth was facilitated by venture capital investments.（定语从句的处理） （定语从句的处理）
②一轮半月正徐徐落下， ③微弱的月光透过床边狭窄的窗 一轮半月正徐徐落下， 子洒了进来， 我借着月光穿上了衣服。 子洒了进来， ①我借着月光穿上了衣服。 句子的分解,语序的重新安排 句子的分解 语序的重新安排, 体现了英汉句式结构和思维 语序的重新安排 方式的差异. 方式的差异 英语：突出主体，把背景放在后面,形式上避免头重脚轻 形式上避免头重脚轻。 英语：突出主体，把背景放在后面 形式上避免头重脚轻。 汉语: 先铺垫背景, 意义重心结尾. 形式上被分解了, 汉语 先铺垫背景 意义重心结尾 形式上被分解了 不会出 现头重脚轻. 现头重脚轻
英汉句法翻译(分句、合句与长句)
3.1 分句译法
• 分句译法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英语中较长的句 子译成汉语中较短的句子。
• 从结构上看：英语的句子好比参天大树，枝叶横生； 而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波，层层推进。
• 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法： • （1） 原文句子虽不长，但照直译时所得的译文很别
扭，不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单 词或短语译成独立的句子。 • （2） 原文句子冗长，特别是那些曲折迂回，层见跌 出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。
• 4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
• 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸 上露出了愤怒的神色。
3.1.2 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
• 1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
• 由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领要地的敌人甚 至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。
指代它，与主句的其他 成分连句成文。
got to know the real people of Egypt.
• 英国人在埃及呆了那么多
年，却从来没有真正了解
埃及人，这是异乎寻常的。
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.（他已经走了，有那一是条很举可世能的公。）
3.3.1 切断法（顺序法）
• 所谓切断法，就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”， 按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如：
U10_长句的翻译
Warm-up
Marx discovered the law of development of human history
the simple fact just as (方式状语从句) before （时间状语从句） upon which （定语从句）
that （同位语从句）
that （同位语从句） production degree in thce versa （插入成分作状语） as（定语从句）
Correct comprehension, therefore, is always the first and foremost step; and the dialectal unity of faithfulness and smoothness is always what we should strive to achieve. This means we have to begin with a careful analysis of a long and complex sentence in the light of the context so as to understand clearly: 1) what the author is driving at; 2) what his argument or views are, and what “logic sequence” there is in the original; 3) what grammatical relations there are among the modifiers in the long sentence.
Warm-up
翻译时，总体上还是用顺译法，部分根据汉语习惯和表 达需要，打破原文的框架结构，用变序译法，重新组织 语言方可获得理想译文: 正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类 历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖 着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然 后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直 接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定 的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法 律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展 起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去 那样做得正好相反。
第7讲_汉语复合长句翻译(一)
• 下面例子选自《武汉晚报》一篇名为《超 女何辜》的短文。 • 例：这让我想起去年流传在网上的一个帖 子，说专家称“自行车是比汽车更大的污 染”，原因居然是“因为自行车太多，影 响了城市的道路交通，机动车运行缓慢， 尾气排放量增加，城市空气污染加剧。”
• 例：这让我想起去年流传在网上的一个帖子，说专 家称“自行车是比汽车更大的污染”，原因居然是 “因为自行车太多，影响了城市的道路交通，机动 车运行缓慢，尾气排放量增加，城市空气污染加 剧。” • 讨论译文 • This reminds me about a post floating about on Internet last year, which claimed that bicycles were a bigger pollution than vehicles by experts and the reason was that “there are too many bicycles which affect the city transportation and reduce the speed of vehicles, hence the amount of emission increases and the air pollution in cities deteriorates”.
形合法
• • 1）切分法（division)： 切分的过程中，文体风格和逻辑关系都可能受到影 响或发生改变。
2）合并（combination) 形合法：流水句转化为树形句 形合法的具体方法： 1）使用连接词，关系词 2）将一部分流水分句转换成介词结构，分词结构， 从句结构，同位语结构等从属结构
• • • • •
• 拦路虎： • 死扣原文形式，一股脑地译下来，译文或 则表意不清，结构累赘不堪；或则因为句 式偏长，难以驾驭而漏洞百出。 • 由于意思复杂，意义的合并与分解，结构 的选择和构造上，有多种处理。要对应译 成简洁、晓畅、地道的英文，常常依靠一 定的技巧和较好的语感（语义能力）。
考研英语：如何翻译英语长难句
考研英语：如何翻译英语长难句什么是英语长句，特点和分析方法复合长句即包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的句子。
英语多长句，这是因为英语可以有后置定语。
扩展的后置定语可以是带从句或长修饰语的复杂句。
长句在科技性的文体中的出现频率很高，因此也就成为研究生英语考试的重点。
通过对近年来试题的分析，我们可以看出，所考的绝大多数都是长句。
这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。
但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。
在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。
61.什么是英语长句？英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。
所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
62.英语长句的特点是什么？一般说来，英语长句有如下几个特点：1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多；2）常须根据上下文作词义的引申；3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断；4）并列成分多；5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；6）习惯搭配和成语经常出现。
63.英语长句的分析方法是什么？1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系；4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
长句翻译的步骤举例：经典例题470 In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 分析：第一，拆分句子：这个长句可以拆分为四段：In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days. 第二，句子的结构分析：（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语：I met a boy…。
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子，这叫分译法。
使用分译法，可以把原句中的一个词，一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子（一）副词1．They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上，但没得逞。
英语长句及其翻译
8. We had done the best we could and it obviously wasn't my fault because Jamie had called it the wrong way and Sally realized that and it obviously wasn't my fault and, as far as I could tell, the observers were certain since Sally was a loser and Sally realized that.
1. We had done the best we could. 2. We had done the best we could and it obviously wasn't my fault. 3. We had done the best we could and it obviously wasn't my fault because Jamie had called it the wrong way.
6. We had done the best we could and it obviously wasn't my fault because Jamie had called it the wrong way and Sally realized that and it obviously wasn't my fault and, as far as I could tell, the observers were certain.
Any Limit?
One of the properties of language is its unboundedness. Consider how long the longest English sentence can be. Is there an absolute limit – a point beyond which a string of words ceases to be English simply because it is too long?
英语长句的翻译技巧
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子，很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技，希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如：例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。
英语长难句翻译技巧及办法
精心整理英语长难句翻译技巧及方法英汉两种语言句子的不同特点是：英语书面语长句较多；汉语一般短句较多。
英语句子结构较紧，多用主人结构，英语可有各种后置修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。
有翻译经验的人们对这些特点作过形象的比喻，把英语句子结构比作“葡萄”，把汉语句子结构比作“竹节”。
翻译长句时，可将英语的葡萄结构拆成汉语的竹节结构，即把成串的拆成成条的。
英汉两种语言的语序差异是：英语时间顺序灵活（表示时间的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是从先到后。
英语逻辑顺序也比较灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；顺序法（）逆序法（）你也分译法由于的英语可有各种后置修饰语，所以有些英语句子很长。
为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们常可将长句中的一连患后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，即把短语或从句拆译为短句，有时还需将后置修饰语另作适当安排并适当增加词语。
如：（1）AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwo fawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonly tomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforhe rfawns.一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，他必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
本句的中心词deer后跟了一个长定语从句，用分译法译，化长为短。
综合法综合法是长句翻译时常常使用的方法，即把上述顺序法、逆序法和分译法综合起来使用。
如：（1）Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconverted生命才或是为了（1修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。
汉译英翻译技巧-长句的翻译_大学英语
长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。
汉语和英语都有长句，但在句子结构上的差异很大。
所以，在翻译时要讲究方法，否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。
在处理长句时，要注意如何断句和如何区分主从，正确运用合并法，倒置法和插入法。
一、断句所谓断句，就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。
大凡长句多为复句，而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。
汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的表达习惯。
另外，现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短，文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。
为此，翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。
一般来说，在以下几种情况下都可以断句：1. 汉语句子较长，内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句，在结构上有困难，语境也不清楚；断句则便于清晰地表达原意，又符合英语的表达习惯。
·历来只有真正老实的劳动者，才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想，而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动，为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何，把你雇在隔壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。
There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。
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5. Heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories.
3.Among the reasons why artists stand in awe before science or keep a respectful distance from science, one is that science involves a huge stack of abstruse(深奥的， 难懂的) mathematical formula.
2.By the middle of the year, he warned, the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in the number of land-based strategic missile, the results of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid-1960s, after the Cuban fiasco, to achieve at least parity and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.
逆序法 1.An I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which
boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
2.A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925.
3.It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to world economy which would have grown bt advanced by the Russians and later picked up and made much of by certain American writers, was the claim that U-2 pilots were worried that if the device had to be used the CIA had rigged it in such a way that it would explode prematurely, thus eliminating, in one great blast, all incriminating evidence, planes and pilot.
3.Plastics are made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less coast and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations(锻烧) of limestone widely present in nature.
英汉长句翻译
顺序法
Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her, so she went to fetch the porter from his basement.
4. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced and not always by native speakers.
3.He resumed the activities of anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government as soon as he snapped from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension.
分译法 1.There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer
appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.
2.Television---the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth---is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes.