上海市卢湾区2012届第一学期高三年级期末考试语文试卷(一模)
杨浦区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案
上海市杨浦区2012 届高三第一学期期末考试语文试卷(答案做在答题卡上)(满分150 分，时间150 分钟)2011 年12 月一阅读(80 分)(一) 阅读下文，完成1-6 题。
(16 分)(1) 我们知道，人的情绪、心理、性格极易受到周围世界的影响。
(2) 那么，清旷灵秀的江南山水又对人的文化心理产生着怎样的影响呢?(3) 学者常常引用孟德斯鸠的观点来阐述气候对人的精神气质的影响。
孟德斯鸠认为：“人们在寒冷气候下，便有较充沛的精力”，“有较强的自信，也就是说，有较大的勇气。
”相反，如果把一个人放在闷热的地方，由于上述原因，他便会感到心神萎靡，缺乏勇气。
孟德斯鸠的观点虽然有绝对化的倾向，但其独特的视角却给人以启发。
我们可以这样认为：在一般的情况下，寒冷的气候使人勇敢、豪爽，炎热的气候使人敏感、消沉，而长期在湿润的气候条件下生活的人们，则具有和谐、平衡、机敏、细腻的心理特征。
江南文化在其发展过程中，虽然经历着千门万户的变换，但基本的心理图景却由其地理环境所规定。
(4) 再就地形地貌的影响来看，黑格尔曾以地形地貌为依据将地理环境分成三种类型，即高原、平原和海岸区域。
在黑格尔看来，三种不同的地理环境分别形成了牧业、农业和商业等不同的文化形态。
我们在讨论江南文化结构中的精神层——亦即江南文化精神的时候，同样可以通过比较江南江北地形地貌的差异来进行阐述。
(5) 不同的自然风貌会影响到人的审美心理。
我们知道，就普遍的情况来看，北方多崇山峻岭和高原，植被和色彩都显得相对单调。
但另一方面，这单调却又是严峻、崇高和阔大的，生活在那里的人们，目光所及，是巨大而高远的世界，所以，生活在北方的人其心胸也就随之扩展，喜好刚毅雄强、粗犷豪迈的美感类型；而江南则有丰饶的物产、秀美的山川，其植被繁密而多彩，景观变化细微而多端。
生活在这里的人们，长期感受着的是温山软水、莺飞草长，是一川烟草、满城风絮，因此，其文化心理极易被导向精细和柔婉，沈谦评辛弃疾词云：“稼轩词以激扬奋励为工，至‘宝钗分•桃叶渡’一曲，呢狎温柔，魂销意尽，才人伎俩，真不可测。
【VIP专享】2012学年上海市卢湾区高三英语一模卷及答案
上海市卢湾区2012届第一学期高三期末考试英语试题第I卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. At a hotel. C. At a restaurant. D. At a bus stop.2. A. $13. B. $30. C. $23. D. $40.3. A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and secretary.C. Waiter and guest.D. Policeman and driver.4. A. She agrees with the man. B. She prefers to go shopping.C. She dislikes raining days.D. She thinks it won’t rain.5. A. The air is fresh. B. It’s hot inside.C. The window is open.D. It’s noisy outside.6. A. A postman. B. A shop assistant. C. A cashier. D. A waiter.7. A. The size. B. The price. C. The location. D. The facilities.8. A. She is fond of pizza very much. B. She disagrees with the man.C. She doesn’t understand what the man says.D. She doesn’t like pizza very much.9. A. She doesn’t want a new hairstyle. B. She has no time to try a new hairstyle.C. She wants to try a new hairstyle at once.D. She accepts the man’s advice.10. A. Jack is the better student. B. Jack and his brother are both pretty.C. Jack’s brother is cleverer.D. Jack’s brother is more hardworking.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Deciding on the stories. B. Checking the language.C. Finding mistakes.D. Writing headlines.12. A. Reporters. B. Cartoonists. C. Foreign editors. D.Page designers.13. A. The importance of reading newspapers.B. The steps of reading a newspaper.C. The process of making a newspaper.D. The similarity between Teens and daily newspapers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It’s a place for people to gamble at card.B. It’s a place where everyone makes a fortune.C. It’s a place to exchange shares of a factory or company.D. It’s a place where people exchange a factory or company.15. A. To earn more money. B. To try their luck.C. To save money.D. To buy a bigger flat.16. A. The fastest way of getting more money.B. The different purposes of buying stocks.C. The common knowledge of stock markets.D. The advantages of investing money in the stock.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Telephone MessageCase reported A car foundLocation of the car Near No. 8 Bridge along the __17__ RoadCar number BWF __18__Colour of the car It’s __19__ and nearly new.Informer’s name Henry RobertsDay of reporting__20__ 5th .Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.What is displayed in the next room?__21__How long is the duration of the__22__exhibition here?10 am-5 pm, __23__What is the time for the gallery?10 am-4 pm, SundayWhat will the woman do? Stay and __24__ the old pictures.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. During the next 10 years, China will have 100,000 new yachts and the market will be worth______ 50 billion and 100 billion yuan.A. atB. betweenC. withD. from26. A minibus carrying 14 students rolled over on a Friday afternoon, two students killed and six______ badly injured.A. anotherB. the otherC. othersD. the others27. David apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to he not able28. It’s important to talk about your problems with your friends or your parents and they ______really help a lot.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need29. “People are better-paid, better-educated and attach ______ attention to quality of life,” saidMichelle Liao, Pegasus.A. a lot ofB. much moreC. as muchD. the most30. As we all know, it is what you do rather than what you say ______ matters.A. whichB. whatC. thisD. that31. Tower Bridge, one of Britain’s most famous landmarks, ______ at the end of the 19th Century.A. builtB. was builtC. has builtD. had been built32. Outdoor Film Festival, held in December, is the first festival in Asia ______ on cyclingmountain bike documentaries and environmental protection movies.A. focusedB. focusingC. to be focusedD. had focused33. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people______ their hands with soap and water.A. to washB. washedC. washingD. being washed34. The number of children who contracted colds and visited the hospital ______ in the countysince last fall.A. increasedB. would increasedC. has increasedD. had increased35. ______ the coming Olympic Park’s architects have in mind is to build the largest urban park inEurope in 150 years.A. WhatB. HowC. ThatD. Which36. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ______ the importance of regular andproper revision.A. did I realizeB. I realizedC. had I realizedD. I had realized37. If you want to do the experiment again, you’d better be more careful ______ you make amistake.A. only ifB. as ifC. so thatD. in case38. ______, the kidnapped girl told the police all the suffering she had gone through.A. Having rescuedB. Having been rescuedC. To be rescuedD. To have been rescued39. The country is now the world’s largest exporter of goods and the second largest importer,______ has created millions of job opportunities in export industries and related areas.A. thisB. thatC. whichD. what40. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but ______ the flowing of the cloudsaround me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. includedB. promisingC. achievementsD. provedE. transferF. outstandingG. signH. appearancesI. scoringJ. referredRonaldo Luiz Nazario de Lima1 was born on 22 September 1976 in apoor suburb of Rio de Janeiro. Like most of his childhood friends, Ronaldobegan his soccer career playing barefoot in the streets of his neighborhood.At the age of 14, he joined Saint Cristov soccer club and only two years laterbecame the star of Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte __41__ a total of 58 goals in 60matches and earning himself a reputation for his explosive pace and __42__finishing skills. His goal-scoring record and unusual quickness led him to be__43__ in the Brazilian World Cup winning team the following year. After the World Cup, many top European football clubs were trying to __44__ him. Many people, including Brazilian football legend Pelé, considered him as the most __45__ footballer of his generation.Since his __46__ to Dutch team PSV Eindhoven, Ronaldo’s biography is one of success after success. Two Copa América’s, a UEFA Cup, a Dutch Cup, a Spanish League Cup, and two awards as best player in the world, all in the space of two years, are some of Ronaldo’s impressive __47__. On arrival to Inter-Milan in 1997, Ronaldo became the idol of the local fans who refer to him as “il Fenomeno(奇才).”Since the 98 World Cup he has suffered two serious knee injuries that have severely limited his __48__. Just when people began to wonder whether Ronaldo would be able to continue with his football career, he __49__ to the world that he still could play. In the World Cup held in Korea and Japan, the magical striker won the Golden Shoe award and tied Pele’s Brazilian record for career World Cup goals with 12. He helped Brazil capture its fifth World Cup championship onJune 30 with a 2-0 win over Germany. It was the third time that Ronaldo had ever played in the World Cup.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Welcome to the Bourton-on-the-Water Website. The content of the site has been produced by local people __50__ you, as a visitor, can enjoy at your leisure some of the delightful __51__ of our lovely village and the countryside around it.The Cotswolds have always been looked upon as the Heart of England. It is one of the few regions with an __52__ style all of its own and the steeply pitched roofs, stone mullions and dormer windows are typical. Built almost exclusively（仅仅）in warm yellow Cotswold stone, this delightful village has such a unique __53__ to visitors and residents alike.Regularly voted one of the prettiest villages in England, Bourton-on-the-Water has __54__ its share of Cotswold houses and cottages, many of them 300 years old, some __55__ to Elizabethan times 400 years ago. There is plenty to see and do here and we hope this __56__ and also our Visitor Information Centre can help to make your __57__ as enjoyable as possible.Bourton-on-the-Water Visitor Information Centre is independently owned, and __58__ next to the Cotswold Perfumery in Victoria Street. Bed and breakfast accommodation and hotels can be __59__ before you arrive by using our telephone booking service (01451 822583). As agents for National Express Coaches, we are __60__ to book tickets both in Britain and Europe.For locals and visitors alike we hold a wide range of information and leaflets for __61__ and events throughout the area. We also sell discounted entry tickets to Blenheim Palace. Theatre tokens can be purchased here __62__. Locally produced rapeseed oil, honey, lavender products and maps, guide books, postcards, souvenirs are amongst our range of saleable goods.We look forward to __63__ you when you come to Bourton-on-the-Water and answering any question that you may have. We are here to help you make the most of your time in __64__.50. A. such that B. now that C. so that D. as well as51. A. leaflets B. features C. service D. hobbies52. A. architectural B. artificial C. available D. appropriate53. A. building B. material C. appeal D. roof54. A. more than B. less than C. other than D. rather than55. A. looking forward B. adding up C. dating back D. standing up56. A. house B. site C. cottage D. region57. A. study B. play C. life D. stay58. A. located B. based C. closed D. existed59. A. cancelled B. called C. bought D. arranged60. A. eager B. anxious C. able D. lucky61. A. websites B. residents C. visitors D. attractions62. A. and so on B. so far C. as well D. as usual63. A. telling B. meeting C. answering D. showing64. A. Britain B. Europe C. Blenheim Palace D. the CotswoldsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When having an interview, it’s not just words you have to think about, but also how you express them. Avoid a flat monotone(单调的) voice that people sometimes get when they are nervous. And it can add so much if you show your excitement and your eagerness to work for that company, and that is where past performance will indicate future performance. So good interviewers will ask you very detailed questions where they’ll put you on the spot and they’ll want to know specifically your role in what you did for a particular project. And so the key to giving a good answer to a behavioral interview question is to do what I call a STAR, S-T-A-R. The S and T stand for explaining a situation or a task that you were given, the A is the action you took and the R is the results.In addition, you need to be prepared before you walk in the door. Go through some mock interviews, if you can have friends ask you questions. Practice in the mirror, answering questions. Go in with three or four things you really want to stress about yourself. And then you can bring those out no matter what question is asked.To follow up after the interview, you can send a thank-you letter. And you can do it by e-mail. In that thank-you letter you do a couple of things. You make sure that you show sincere appreciation for the time that they spent interviewing you. You have another chance to make that case as to how your skills match their needs.65. What should you think about when having an interview?A. How to express what you want to say.B. How to use a flat monotone voice.C. How to ask very detailed questions.D. How to hide your excitement and eagerness.66. To give a good answer to a behavioral interview question you needn’t explain _________.A. the action you tookB. the results you gotC. your eagerness to carry out the projectD. a situation or a task that you were given67. What’s the main purpose of this passage?A. To give suggestions on having an interview.B. To introduce some keys to being a successful interviewer.C. To encourage people to send a thank-letter before interview.D. To advise people to ask friends some questions before interview.(B)68. Linda uses the word children to describe her pets because ________.A. she believes her pets possess childlike qualitiesB. the pets have taken the place of her childrenC. she dresses them in children’s clothingD. the pets all have a lovely girlish figure69. If the pet sitter doesn’t supervise her, ________.A. Regina will play with the catB. Regina will spend an hour wanderingC. Regina will solve her problem herselfD. Regina will damage her owner’s furniture70. The pet sitter is advised to tell Regina “good girl” ________.A. after Regina finds the ballB. after Regina drops the ballC. when Regina brings the ball backD. every time Regina goes after the ball71. What are the three animals mentioned in the letter?A. Two cats and a dog.B. A cat, a dog and a parrot.C. Two dogs and an unspecified animal.D. A dog, a cat, and an unspecified animal.(C)The requisite visit happened typically on every Saturday, when my child spirits were at their highest as it was sunny and could be most weakened by the narrow inner part of my grandmother’s house. My mother, accustomed to the bright, spacious farmhouse that was Grandma’s, seemed no less sensitive to the darkness. She would set her jaw and listened when Grandma described how many small illnesses appeared as she grew older and would check her watch—an hour being the minimum she expected herself to endure. Her barely contained impatience and my grandmother’s disabled age radiated out around me.I would sit at the white and red metal table with the pull-out and built-in silverware drawer, cracking almonds(杏仁). This was the one good thing at Grandma’s house, the almonds, which she kept in a green glass bowl. I would lift the lid carefully and try to set it down on the metal table quietly, then attempt to crack the nuts without scattering the shell crumbs（碎屑）. It was not good to draw attention to myself at Grandma Carlson’s. Sounding angry, she would call to me in her long drawl(长调). When I failed to understand her, she would reach out to me with her trembling and wrinkled hand and shout, “Here!” She would be offering some of her handmade candy, which tasted a little bitter.There was this painful air in the dim house with its old furniture and its dark colours, an awareness that Grandma’s age scared her grandkids. I would long during the dutiful visit to get outside into the yard, where Grandma had transplanted a few flowers when she moved from the farm. But even the yard, with its overgrown hedges(篱笆) and rusted metal lawn chairs, seemed dull. When I came back inside, light and air bursting in with me, Grandma, her hair up, would rock a little and smile. I would lean then against my mother’s chair, Grandma’s fond eyes staring at me, and whisper out of the corner of my mouth, “Mom, can we go?”72. From the overall context of the passage, it is most likely that the word requisite means___________.A. essentialB. recreationalC. happyD. expected73. My mother ___________.A. owned a bright, spacious farmhouseB. listened to grandma carefully and patientlyC. described her small illnesses to meD. would listen to grandma for at least one hour74. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. I would sit at the white and red metal table, cracking almonds.B. I would lift the lid quickly enough to set it down on the metal table.C. It was impolite to draw attention to myself at Grandma Carlson’s.D. Grandma had transplanted a few flowers in the yard.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Weekly VisitB. The Grandma’s LoveC. A Family ReunionD. My joyful SaturdaysSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Break it upB. Have a listC. Sleep on itD. Create Visual AidsE. Take Small Bites of TimeF. Do it Out LoudThere are many ways to help you improve your memory.76.Most people memorize information best when they study in short periods over a long period of time. Memorizing facts from index cards that can be carried with you and pulled out for a few ten-minute sessions each day will yield better results than sitting down with a text book for an hour straight. Index card notes can be pulled out in odd moments: while you are sitting in the car waiting to pick up your friend, during the 15 minutes you spend on the bus in the morning, while you wait to be picked up from school or work, and so on. You’ll find these short but regular practices will greatly aid your recall of lots of information. They’re a great way to add more study time to your schedule.77.When you have a list to memorize, divide the list into groups of seven or any other number. People seem to remember best when they divide long lists into shorter ones—and, for some reasons, shorter ones that have an odd number of items. So instead of trying to memorize ten vocabulary or spelling words, split your list into smaller lists of seven and three, or five and five, to help you remember them.78.Give yourself visual assistance in memorizing. If there’s a tricky combination of letters in a word you need to spell, for example, circle or underline it in red or highlight it in the text. Your eye will recall what the word looks like. With some information, you can even draw a map or picture to help you remember.79.Give yourself auditory assistance in memorizing. Many people learn best if they hear the information. Sit by yourself in a quiet room and say aloud what you need to learn. Or give your notes to someone else and let that person ask you or quiz you on the material.80.When you study right before going to bed and don’t allow any interference—such as conversation, radio, television, or music—to come between study and sleep, you remember material better. This is especially true if you review first thing after waking as well. A rested and relaxed brain seems to hang on to information better than a tired and stressed-out brain.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.It is foolish to dream of reversing history. We cannot pass laws forbidding science and technology. The computing machines are here, and they will not merely stay, they will grow smarter, faster, and more useful every year. They will continue growing because engineers want to build them, scientists want to use them, industrialists want to employ them, scientists want to enlist them in new weapons systems, politicians want their help in the processes of government. In short, they will flourish（兴旺）because they enable us to finish tasks that could never before have been undertaken, no matter how many unskilled laborers we might have set to work. Computers will continue to improve our intelligence for the same reason that engines continue to strengthen our muscles. The question we must ask is not whether we shall have computers or not, but rather, since we are going to have them, how can we make the most intelligent use of them?Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning: For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. How will the computing machines change every year?82. Why will the computing machines keep growing?83. The question we must ask mentioned in Para. 1 is _____________.84. From the warning at the end of the passage, we can conclude computers should not be used to_____________.第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 在公共场所吸烟是违法的。
上海市普陀区2012届高三上学期期末质量抽测(一模)语文
第2讲 电压 电阻 1．知道电压及其单位． 2．掌握电压表的使用规则，会用电压表测电压． 3．理解串联电路和并联电路中电压的规律． 4．知道电阻及其单位，了解决定电阻大小的因素． 5．知道滑动变阻器的构造，能用滑动变阻器改变电流． 6 了解半导体及其特点，了解超导体及其特点． (2)________是提供电压的装置．(电源的作用类似于水泵) 2．单位：电压用字母______表示，单位是______，简称伏， 符号为______．常用单位还有千伏(kV)和毫伏(mV)． 单位换算：1 kV＝1 000 V,1 V＝1 000 mV. 一、电压 1．概念： 电流 电源 (1) 电压是使电路中的电荷定向移动从而形成________ 的 原因．(电压类似于水压) U 伏特 V 3．生活中的常见电压：一节新干电池的电压为________； 安全电压为不高于______；家庭电路的电压为__________． 4．电压表： 1.5 V 36 V 220 V (1)作用：测量导体或电源两端的________． 电压 (2)符号：________. (3)量程和分度值：0～3 V(分度值为 0.1 V)和 0～15 V(分度 值为 0.5 V)． (4)注意事项：①使用前要先调零；②电压表要________在 被测电路两端，应使电流从________接线柱流入，从________ 接线柱流出；③应选择合适的量程，在无法估测被测电压时， 可选________的量程进行试触；④读数时应先看清使用的量程， 再读数． 并联 正 负 最大 5．串、并联电路电压的规律： 之和 相等 (1)串联电路中电压的规律：总电压等于电路各部分的电压 ________，表达式为 U＝U1＋U2＋…＋Un.(2)并联电路中电压的规律：各支路两端的电压________， 表达式为 U＝U1＝U2＝…＝Un. 二、电阻 R 欧姆 Ω 千欧兆欧 1 ．概念：表示导体对电流的阻碍作用的大小，用字母 ________表示． 2．单位：国际单位是________，用字母________表示．常 用的单位还有________和________． 单位换算：1 kΩ＝1 000 Ω，1 MΩ＝1 000 kΩ＝106Ω. 3．电阻的特性：导体的电阻大小是由其自身的因素决定的， 与其两端的电压和通过的电流的大小________． 无关 4 ． 决 定 电 阻 的 因 素 ： 决 定 于 导 体 的 __________ 、 __________、横截面积和温度． 材料 长度5．电阻的种类： 一定电阻值 (1)定值电阻：定值电阻是具有______________的元件，也 叫电阻器，简称电阻．(2) 电阻箱：其优点是能______________ ，缺点是不能 读出电阻值 ____________． 连续变阻 (3)滑动变阻器：①原理：通过改变接入电路中的电阻丝的________来改变 接入电路中的电阻的大小． 长度 ②符号和结构示意图： 图4－2－1 ③接线方法：正确的接线方法必须遵循“一上一下”的原 则． ④使用注意事项：闭合开关前，应使滑动变阻器连入电路 的电阻最大，以保护电路． 6．半导体和超导体： 单向导电 光敏 发热 (1)半导体：导电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间，如硅、锗等； 二极管具有____________性，电流只能从它的一端流向另一端， 不能反向流动；半导体还有热敏特性、________特性． (2)超导体：有些导体在温度很低时，电阻突然消失，处于 这种状态的导体称为超导体．超导体的电阻为零，电流通过时 不会________． 考点 1 串、并联电路的电压规律 [例 1]在图 4－2－2甲所示的电路中，当闭合开关后，两个 电压表指针偏转的情况均如图乙所示，则电阻 R1 和 R2 两端的 电压分别为( ) 图 4－2－2 思路点拨：电压表的电阻很大，电压表处一般看成断路， 利用“去表法”可以判断出两个电阻是串联的，其中电压表 测量电源电压 U，电压表 测量电阻 R2 的电压 U2，再根据串联 电路总电压等于各用电器两端电压之和，有 U>U2，所以 用的 是大量程， 用的是小量程，R1 两端的电压可用 U1＝U－U2 求 出． A．4.8 V , 1.2 V B．6 V , 1.2 V C．1.2 V , 6 V D．1.2 V , 4.8 V 【答案】A 金属丝代号 材料 长度/m 横截面积/mm2 A 金属甲 1 0.2 B 金属甲 1 0.1 C 金属乙 1 0.1 D 金属乙 0.5 0.1 考点 2 影响电阻大小的因素[ 例 2](2011 年广安)在“探究导体的电阻跟哪些因素有 关”的实验中： (1)甲同学的猜想是：①电阻可能与导体的材料有关． 乙同学的猜想是：②电阻可能与导体的温度有关． 丙同学的猜想是：③电阻可能与导体的横截面积有关． 根据你掌握的电学知识，你猜想：④电阻还可能与导体的 __________有关． (2)现有金属材料甲和金属材料乙制成的各种不同规格的 金属丝，规格如上表．选用导线 A 和 B 进行实验，可以探究 ________(填“甲”、“乙”或“丙”)同学的猜想．要想探究 猜想①，应该选用________(填上面表格中导线的字母代号)两 根导线进行实验． 思路点拨：影响导体电阻大小的因素有导体的材料、长度、 横截面积和温度．在探究导体电阻大小跟某一因素之间的关系 时，一定要体现控制变量的思想，即控制其他量不变． 【答案】(1)长度 (2)丙 B、C 考点 3 用电表判断电路故障 [例 3](2012 年眉山)如图 4－2－3 所示，开关 S 闭合后， L1 和 L2 都不发光，将电压表并联在 ab 之间时，电压表示数为 0，将电压表并联在 bc 之间时，电压表示数较大，若电路中只 有一处故障，则该故障可能是( ) 图 4－2－3 A．L2 断路 B．L2 短路 C．L1 断路 D．L1 短路 思路点拨：由电路图知，两灯泡串联，闭合开关，灯泡不 亮，可能是断路或短路，因为两灯都不亮，所以不可能是其中 一盏灯短路，只能是其中一盏灯断路． 【答案】A 1．(2012年广东)如图4－2－4 所示的电压表，若选 0～3 V 的量程，则读数为______V；若选 0～15 V 的量程，则读数为 ______V. 2.6 13 图 4－2－4 2．(2011 年河源)如图 4－2－5 所示的电路中，电源电压 恒定不变，当开关 S 闭合时( ) C 图 4－2－5 A．电压表示数变小，电流表示数变小，灯变暗 B．电压表示数变大，电流表示数变大，灯变亮 C．电压表示数不变，电流表示数不变，灯的亮度不变 D．电压表示数不变，电流表示数变小，灯变暗3．(2010 年深圳)在做某实验时，小明按图 4－2－6 连接 好电路，闭合电路后，发现无论怎样调节滑动变阻器，小灯泡 都不亮，电流表、电压表均无示数，下列对故障原因的猜测不 正确的是( ) 图 4－2－6 A．小灯泡处出现短路，电路其他地方完好 B．电流表处出现断路，电路其他地方完好 C．滑动变阻器出现断路，电路其他地方完好D．连接电源处出现断路，电路其他地方完好 解析：由题图可知，当电路中的电流表、滑动变阻器和连 接电源的地方，任何一处发生断路时，电路中就不会有电流， 灯泡两端无电压，灯泡不亮，可见 B、C、D 正确；当小灯泡出现短路时，小灯泡不亮，电压表无示数，但电流表有示数，因 此 A 错误． 【答案】A 4．(2010 年茂名)如图4－2－7 所示，甲是________表的 刻度盘，当指针如图所示时，读数是________，若把这个电表 接在图乙所示电路中使用，应接在________(填“a”或“b”)处． 图 4－2－7 电压 8.5 V b。
上海卢湾区2012届高三一模英语试题及答案
上海市卢湾区2012届第一学期高三期末考试英语试题第I卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. At a hotel. C. At a restaurant. D. At a bus stop.2. A. $13. B. $30. C. $23. D. $40.3. A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and secretary.C. Waiter and guest.D. Policeman and driver.4. A. She agrees with the man. B. She prefers to go shopping.C. She dislikes raining days.D. She thinks it won’t rain.5. A. The air is fresh. B. It’s hot inside.C. The window is open.D. It’s noisy outside.6. A. A postman. B. A shop assistant. C. A cashier. D. A waiter.7. A. The size. B. The price. C. The location. D. The facilities.8. A. She is fond of pizza very much. B. She disagrees with the man.C. She doesn’t understand what the man says.D. She doesn’t like pizza very much.9. A. She doesn’t want a new hairstyle. B. She has no time to try a new hairstyle.C. She wants to try a new hairstyle at once.D. She accepts the man’s advice.10. A. Jack is the better student. B. Jack and his brother are both pretty.C. Jack’s brother is cleverer.D. Jack’s brother is more hardworking.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Deciding on the stories. B. Checking the language.C. Finding mistakes.D. Writing headlines.12. A. Reporters. B. Cartoonists. C. Foreign editors. D.Page designers.13. A. The importance of reading newspapers.B. The steps of reading a newspaper.C. The process of making a newspaper.D. The similarity between Teens and daily newspapers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It’s a place for people to gamble at card.B. It’s a place where everyone makes a fortune.C. It’s a place to exchange shares of a factory or company.D. It’s a place where people exchange a factory or company.15. A. To earn more money. B. To try their luck.C. To save money.D. To buy a bigger flat.16. A. The fastest way of getting more money.B. The different purposes of buying stocks.C. The common knowledge of stock markets.D. The advantages of investing money in the stock.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. During the next 10 years, China will have 100,000 new yachts and the market will be worth______ 50 billion and 100 billion yuan.A. atB. betweenC. withD. from26. A minibus carrying 14 students rolled over on a Friday afternoon, two students killed and six______ badly injured.A. anotherB. the otherC. othersD. the others27. David apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to he not able28. It’s important to talk about your problems with your friends or your parents and they ______really help a lot.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need29. “People are better-paid, better-educated and attach ______ attention to quality of life,” saidMichelle Liao, Pegasus.A. a lot ofB. much moreC. as muchD. the most30. As we all know, it is what you do rather than what you say ______ matters.A. whichB. whatC. thisD. that31. Tower Bridge, one of Britai n’s most famous landmarks, ______ at the end of the 19th Century.A. builtB. was builtC. has builtD. had been built32. Outdoor Film Festival, held in December, is the first festival in Asia ______ on cyclingmountain bike documentaries and environmental protection movies.A. focusedB. focusingC. to be focusedD. had focused33. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people______ their hands with soap and water.A. to washB. washedC. washingD. being washed34. The number of children who contracted colds and visited the hospital ______ in the countysince last fall.A. increasedB. would increasedC. has increasedD. had increased35. ______ the coming Olympic Park’s architects have in mind is to build the largest urban park inEurope in 150 years.A. WhatB. HowC. ThatD. Which36. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ______ the importance of regular andproper revision.A. did I realizeB. I realizedC. had I realizedD. I had realized37. If you want to do the experiment again, you’d better be more careful ______ you ma ke amistake.A. only ifB. as ifC. so thatD. in case38. ______, the kidnapped girl told the police all the suffering she had gone through.A. Having rescuedB. Having been rescuedC. To be rescuedD. To have been rescued39. The country is now the world’s largest exporter of goods and the second largest importer,______ has created millions of job opportunities in export industries and related areas.A. thisB. thatC. whichD. what40. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but ______ the flowing of the cloudsaround me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Ronaldo Luiz Nazario de Lima1 was born on 22 September 1976 in apoor suburb of Rio de Janeiro. Like most of his childhood friends, Ronaldobegan his soccer career playing barefoot in the streets of his neighborhood.At the age of 14, he joined Saint Cristov soccer club and only two years laterbecame the star of Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte __41__ a total of 58 goals in 60matches and earning himself a reputation for his explosive pace and __42__finishing skills. His goal-scoring record and unusual quickness led him to be__43__ in the Brazilian World Cup winning team the following year. After the World Cup, many top European football clubs were trying to __44__ him. Many people, including Brazilian football legend Pelé, considered him as the most __45__ footballer of his generation.Since his __46__ to Dutch team PSV Eindhoven, Ronaldo’s biography is one of success after success. Two Copa América’s, a UEFA Cup, a Dutch Cup, a Spanish League Cup, and two awards as best player in the world, all in the space of two years, are some of Ronaldo’s impressive __47__. On arrival to Inter-Milan in 1997, Ronaldo became the idol of the local fans who refer to him as “il Fenomeno(奇才).”Since the 98 World Cup he has suffered two serious knee injuries that have severely limited his __48__. Just when people began to wonder whether Ronaldo would be able to continue with his football career, he __49__ to the world that he still could play. In the World Cup held in Korea and Japan, the magical striker won the Golden Shoe award and tied Pele’s Brazilian record for career World Cup goals with 12. He helped Brazil capture its fifth World Cup championship onJune 30 with a 2-0 win over Germany. It was the third time that Ronaldo had ever played in the World Cup.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Welcome to the Bourton-on-the-Water Website. The content of the site has been produced by local people __50__ you, as a visitor, can enjoy at your leisure some of the delightful __51__ of our lovely village and the countryside around it.The Cotswolds have always been looked upon as the Heart of England. It is one of the few regions with an __52__ style all of its own and the steeply pitched roofs, stone mullions and dormer windows are typical. Built almost exclusively（仅仅）in warm yellow Cotswold stone, this delightful village has such a unique __53__ to visitors and residents alike.Regularly voted one of the prettiest villages in England, Bourton-on-the-Water has __54__ its share of Cotswold houses and cottages, many of them 300 years old, some __55__ to Elizabethan times 400 years ago. There is plenty to see and do here and we hope this __56__ and also our Visitor Information Centre can help to make your __57__ as enjoyable as possible.Bourton-on-the-Water Visitor Information Centre is independently owned, and __58__ next to the Cotswold Perfumery in Victoria Street. Bed and breakfast accommodation and hotels can be __59__ before you arrive by using our telephone booking service (01451 822583). As agents for National Express Coaches, we are __60__ to book tickets both in Britain and Europe.For locals and visitors alike we hold a wide range of information and leaflets for __61__ and events throughout the area. We also sell discounted entry tickets to Blenheim Palace. Theatre tokens can be purchased here __62__. Locally produced rapeseed oil, honey, lavender products and maps, guide books, postcards, souvenirs are amongst our range of saleable goods.We look forward to __63__ you when you come to Bourton-on-the-Water and answering any question that you may have. We are here to help you make the most of your time in __64__.50. A. such that B. now that C. so that D. as well as51. A. leaflets B. features C. service D. hobbies52. A. architectural B. artificial C. available D. appropriate53. A. building B. material C. appeal D. roof54. A. more than B. less than C. other than D. rather than55. A. looking forward B. adding up C. dating back D. standing up56. A. house B. site C. cottage D. region57. A. study B. play C. life D. stay58. A. located B. based C. closed D. existed59. A. cancelled B. called C. bought D. arranged60. A. eager B. anxious C. able D. lucky61. A. websites B. residents C. visitors D. attractions62. A. and so on B. so far C. as well D. as usual63. A. telling B. meeting C. answering D. showing64. A. Britain B. Europe C. Blenheim Palace D. the CotswoldsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When having an interview, it’s not just words you have to think about, but also how you express them. Avoid a flat monotone(单调的) voice that people sometimes get when they are nervous. And it can add so much if you show your excitement and your eagerness to work for that company, and that is where past performance will indicate future performance. So good interviewers will ask you very detailed questions where they’ll put you on the spot and they’ll want to know specifically your role in what you did for a particular project. And so the key to giving a good answer to a behavioral interview question is to do what I call a STAR, S-T-A-R. The S and T stand for explaining a situation or a task that you were given, the A is the action you took and the R is the results.In addition, you need to be prepared before you walk in the door. Go through some mock interviews, if you can have friends ask you questions. Practice in the mirror, answering questions. Go in with three or four things you really want to stress about yourself. And then you can bring those out no matter what question is asked.To follow up after the interview, you can send a thank-you letter. And you can do it by e-mail. In that thank-you letter you do a couple of things. You make sure that you show sincere appreciation for the time that they spent interviewing you. You have another chance to make that case as to how your skills match their needs.65. What should you think about when having an interview?A. How to express what you want to say.B. How to use a flat monotone voice.C. How to ask very detailed questions.D. How to hide your excitement and eagerness.66. To give a good answer to a behavioral interview question you needn’t explain _________.A. the action you tookB. the results you gotC. your eagerness to carry out the projectD. a situation or a task that you were given67. What’s the main purpose of this passage?A. To give suggestions on having an interview.B. To introduce some keys to being a successful interviewer.C. To encourage people to send a thank-letter before interview.D. To advise people to ask friends some questions before interview.(B)68. Linda uses the word children to describe her pets because ________.A. she believes her pets possess childlike qualitiesB. the pets have taken the place of her childrenC. she dresses them in children’s clothingD. the pets all have a lovely girlish figure69. If the pet sitter doesn’t supervise her, ________.A. Regina will play with the catB. Regina will spend an hour wanderingC. Regina will solve her problem herselfD. Regina will damage her owner’s furniture70. The pet sitter is advised to tell Regina “good girl” ________.A. after Regina finds the ballB. after Regina drops the ballC. when Regina brings the ball backD. every time Regina goes after the ball71. What are the three animals mentioned in the letter?A. Two cats and a dog.B. A cat, a dog and a parrot.C. Two dogs and an unspecified animal.D. A dog, a cat, and an unspecified animal.(C)The requisite visit happened typically on every Saturday, when my child spirits were at their highest as it was sunny and could be most weakened by the narrow inner part of my grandmother’s house. My mother, accustomed to the bright, spacious farmhouse that was Grandma’s, seemed no less sensitive to the darkness. She would set her jaw and listened when Grandma described how many small illnesses appeared as she grew older and would check her watch—an hour being the minimum she expected herself to endure. Her barely contained impatience and my grandmother’s disabled age radiated out around me.I would sit at the white and red metal table with the pull-out and built-in silverware drawer, cracking almonds(杏仁). This was the one good thing at Grandma’s house, the almonds, which she kept in a green glass bowl. I would lift the lid carefully and try to set it down on the metal table quietly, then attempt to crack the nuts without scattering the shell crumbs（碎屑）. It was not good to draw attention to myself at Grandma Carlson’s. Sounding angry, she would call to me in her long drawl(长调). When I failed to understand her, she would reach out to me with her trembling and wrinkled hand and shout, “Here!”She would be offering some of her handmade candy, which tasted a little bitter.There was this painful air in the dim house with its old furniture and its dark colours, an awareness that Grandma’s age scared her grandkids. I would long during the dutiful visit to get outside into the yard, where Grandma had transplanted a few flowers when she moved from the farm. But even the yard, with its overgrown hedges(篱笆) and rusted metal lawn chairs, seemed dull. When I came back inside, light and air bursting in with me, Grandma, her hair up, would rock a little and smile. I would lean then against my mother’s chair, Grandma’s fond eyes staring at me, and whisper out of the corner of my mouth, “Mom, can we go?”72. From the overall context of the passage, it is most likely that the word requisite means___________.A. essentialB. recreationalC. happyD. expected73. My mother ___________.A. owned a bright, spacious farmhouseB. listened to grandma carefully and patientlyC. described her small illnesses to meD. would listen to grandma for at least one hour74. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. I would sit at the white and red metal table, cracking almonds.B. I would lift the lid quickly enough to set it down on the metal table.C. It was impolite to draw attention to myself at Grandma Carlson’s.D. Grandma had transplanted a few flowers in the yard.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Weekly VisitB. The Grandma’s LoveC. A Family ReunionD. My joyful SaturdaysSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.There are many ways to help you improve your memory.76.Most people memorize information best when they study in short periods over a long period of time. Memorizing facts from index cards that can be carried with you and pulled out for a few ten-minute sessions each day will yield better results than sitting down with a text book for an hour straight. Index card notes can be pulled out in odd moments: while you are sitting in the car waiting to pick up your friend, during the 15 minutes you spend on the bus in the morning, while you wait to be picked up from school or work, and so on. You’ll find these short but regular practices will greatly aid your recall of lots of information. They’re a great way to add more study time to your schedule.77.When you have a list to memorize, divide the list into groups of seven or any other number. People seem to remember best when they divide long lists into shorter ones—and, for some reasons, shorter ones that have an odd number of items. So instead of trying to memorize ten vocabulary or spelling words, split your list into smaller lists of seven and three, or five and five, to help you remember them.78.Give yourself visual assistance in memorizing. If there’s a tricky combination of letters in a word you need to spell, for example, circle or underline it in red or highlight it in the text. Your eye will recall what the word looks like. With some information, you can even draw a map or picture to help you remember.79.Give yourself auditory assistance in memorizing. Many people learn best if they hear the information. Sit by yourself in a quiet room and say aloud what you need to learn. Or give your notes to someone else and let that person ask you or quiz you on the material.80.When you study right before going to bed and don’t allow any interference—such as conversation, radio, television, or music—to come between study and sleep, you remember material better. This is especially true if you review first thing after waking as well. A rested and relaxed brain seems to hang on to information better than a tired and stressed-out brain.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.It is foolish to dream of reversing history. We cannot pass laws forbidding science and technology. The computing machines are here, and they will not merely stay, they will grow smarter, faster, and more useful every year. They will continue growing because engineers want to build them, scientists want to use them, industrialists want to employ them, scientists want to enlist them in new weapons systems, politicians want their help in the processes of government. In short, they will flourish（兴旺）because they enable us to finish tasks that could never before have been undertaken, no matter how many unskilled laborers we might have set to work. Computers will continue to improve our intelligence for the same reason that engines continue to strengthen our muscles. The question we must ask is not whether we shall have computers or not, but rather, since we are going to have them, how can we make the most intelligent use of them?Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning: For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. How will the computing machines change every year?82. Why will the computing machines keep growing?83. The question we must ask mentioned in Para. 1 is _____________.84. From the warning at the end of the passage, we can conclude computers should not be used to_____________.第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 在公共场所吸烟是违法的。
上海市长宁区高三上学期期末质量抽测一模语文试题
上海市长宁区2012届高三第一学期期末质量抽测语文（考试时间150分钟，满分150分）注意：清勿在试卷上答题，答案一律写在答卷上。
一阅读（80 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第1－6题。
（17分）①“人文静安”的建设首先右要摆脱“集体失忆”现象。
当人们向前走的时候，很容易遗忘在自己身后已经发生过的事情，而在现代化的进程中涌现出未的高楼大及也档住了人们回眸的目光。
历史和文化传统不但淡出了人们的视线，□淡出了他们的记忆。
②这种“集体失忆”现象的根源并不是某个人或某个团体，而是现代化进程本身。
正如西方人的谚语所说的：“伟大和贻害是孪生子。
”现代化包含着许多积极因素，但也蕴含着不少消极因素，它追求标准化、一体化、高效化和机械化，试图抹去历史上一切与此格格不入的遗迹。
作为现代化生活典范的办公室白领，他们大多倾向于把自己的生活理解为幸福的生活，也许他们应该去读一下卡夫卡的《变形记》：一个公务员一天早晨醒来，突然成了一只大甲虫，由于他不再对家里有用，家里的人都开始冷落他，最后他在郁郁寡欢中离开了这个冷漠的世界。
如果他们有意做这样的阅读，就会明白，现代化也使他们失去了不少东西。
为什么在欧洲启蒙运动之后会出现“浪漫派”的思潮？实际上，这种浪漫主义式的怀旧正是现代人对自己在现代化进程失去的东西，尤其是田园诗般的生活环境和充满温情的人际关系的腼怀和追忆。
正是在这种腼怀和追忆中，生命的创伤得以抚平，精神的惆怅得以舒展。
③静安区作为上海市的中心城区，拥有自己丰富的、得天独厚的历史文化遗产。
珍惜、守护并努力发掘这份珍贵的遗产，正是“人文静安”建设的核心内容之一。
在我看来，这些历史文化遗产，至少包括以下内容：④闻名遐迩的静安寺自宋代得名以来，至今已有近800年的历史；位于美丽园附近的圆明讲堂建于1934年；位于陕西北路的基督教教堂――怀恩堂建于1940年。
从人文关怀的角度看，这些宗教场所的重要性自不待言。
⑤从外滩到静安寺的这段地方解放前被称为“十里洋场”，静安寺作为十里洋场的“终点”，也拥有旧上海最繁荣的商业街。
上海市卢湾区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语试题(一模)
上海市卢湾区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语试题(一模)参考答案第I卷（共105分）第一大题第1至10小题，每题1分；第11至16小题，每题2分；第17至24小题，每题1分。
共30分。
I. Listening comprehension (30分)Part A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. (10分)1. M: Waitress, we’d like a menu, please.W: Yes, sir. Would you care for a drink before you order?Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?2. M: Excuse me. Did you say that sweater is thirteen dollars?W: Sorry, I said thirty dollars, that is “three-zero”, 30 dollars. Let me show you the price tag.Q: How much does the sweater cost?3. M: Why didn’t you wear your seat belt, madam?W: I’m sorry, sir. Will I have to pay a fine?Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?4. M: It’s starting to rain now. It must be cold outside. Let’s just stay at home.W: Well, I think raining days are good days for shopping.Q: What does the woman mean?5. M: Would you mind if I open the window? We need some fresh air.W: We also need to keep it quiet in here.Q: What does the woman mean?6. M: Here is your express mail from New York. Could you please sign your name here?W: Sure, thanks.Q: What is the man’s probable occupation?7. M: What sort of apartment do you want to have? Something big? Or somethingcheap?W: The size and the price are not so important, but it must be in a convenient location.Q: What is the woman’s first concern when she considers buying an apartment?8. M: I don’t understand why so many people are crazy about pizza.W: Neither do I.Q: What does the woman mean?9. M: Do you want to try a new hairstyle today?W: Er, not this time. I’m in a hurry.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10.W: Who do you think is a better student, Jack or his brother?M: Both are pretty good. Jack is cleverer while his brother works harder.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Keys:1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7.C 8.D 9. B 10. DPart B Short PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. (12分)Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Reading newspapers is an important part of our daily life. But do you know how a newspaper is made?There are many steps to making a newspaper. Take Teens for example. On Monday, editors and reporters hold a meeting to decide on the stories for the week’s paper. On Tuesday and Wednesday, reporters write news stories. Cartoonists draw cartoons and photographers take pictures to match the stories. Foreign editors check the language.On Thursday, page designers put the stories, cartoons and pictures on the pages. Editors read through the stories to find mistakes and write headlines and captions.Friday is a busy day. Page designers print the page drafts. Editors read pages and check them again. At night, Teens comes out in the printing house.Teens is a weekly newspaper. Daily newspapers have all the same steps, but do them all in a day instead of a week.Questions:11. What’s editors’ task on Monday?12. Who are probably not busy on Tuesday and Wednesday?13. What is the passage mainly about?Keys: 11. A 12. D 13. CQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.There are stock markets in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock market, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares of a factory or company. And each share means certain ownership of a factory or company.Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not very rich, who buy stocks and want to try their luck and become rich enough to buy a larger flat. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money.Of course, investing money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and investors will lose money. The stocks may go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling. Indeed, the stock market is an attractive and complex part of the business world.Questions:14. What is a stock market?15. Why do rich people go to stock markets?16. What does the passage mainly tell us?Keys: 14. C 15. A 16. CPart C Longer ConversationDirections:In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conver sations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (8分)Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: Police station. Can I help you?M: Yes. I’m calling to tell you I found a car near a bridge. I thought it might be a stolen car.W: I see. Where exactly did you find it?M: Near the No. 8 Bridge al ong the London Road.W: Can you recall the number of the car?M: Yes, the number was BWF 3586.W: What kind of car is i t?M: A Mini. It’s brown and nearly new.W: When did you find the car?M: Yesterday, January 5th.W: Your name and address, please.M: Henry Roberts. I live at 51 Eaton Road.W: Well, thank you very much, Mr. Roberts. We’ll investigate it.Keys: 17. London 18. 3586 19. brown 20. JanuaryBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.M: Please come this way, ladies and gentlemen. In the next room we have a special showing of modern paintings.W: I didn’t know about the modern paintings. How long have they been here?M: We’ve had them for three weeks. They’re part of a special art exhibit. One more week here it will be sent to Paris.W: I hope I can come back again while it’s here. How late does the gallery stay open?M: During the week it’s open till five.W: Isn’t it open on Sundays?M: It’s open till four on Sundays. It opens every day at ten am.W: Thank you.M: Now come this way, please.W: I’d rather stay here and look at these old pictures. I don’t like modern art. I think modern painters make people square, and they paint faces green.M: You don’t understand modern art, I’m afraid.Keys: 21. Modern paintings. 22. (About) Four weeks.23. Monday to Saturday 24. look at/appreciate第二大题每小题1分。
2012年上海虹口一模语文试题及答案
虹口区2011学年度第一学期初三年级语文学科期终教学质量监控测试题(满分150分，考试时间100分钟)2012.1 考生注意:本卷共有27题。
请将所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不计分。
第一部分阅读(90分)一、文言文(42分)(一)默写(18分)1、可怜身上衣正单，。
（《卖炭翁》）2、，往来无白丁。
（《陋室铭》）3、，禅房花木深。
（《题破山寺后禅院》）4、向来枉费推移力，。
（《观书有感》）5、去年元月时，。
（《生查子•元夕》）6、，气象万千。
（《岳阳楼记》)(二)阅读下面一首诗，完成7-8题(4分)酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠刘禹锡巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。
怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。
沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。
今日听君歌一曲，暂凭杯酒长精神。
7、诗中“长精神”的“长”意思是 ((2分)8、下面对这首诗理解有误的一项是( ) (2分)A首联写了作者被贬滴的地点和时间，突出了经历坎坷。
B.颁联引用两个典故借以表达物是人非而生出悲凉之情。
C.颈联采用对偶句，表现了诗人对世事变迁的豁达胸襟。
D.尾联表达出在听了白居易的唱歌后，对生活更加乐观。
(三)阅读下文，完成9--11题(8分)○1书非借不能读也。
子不闻藏书者乎？七略、四库，天子之书，然天子读书者有几？汗牛塞屋，富贵家之书，然富贵人读书者有几？其他祖父积、子孙弃者无论焉。
非独书为然，天下物皆然。
非夫人之物而强假焉，必虑人逼取，而惴惴焉摩玩之不已，曰:“今日存明日去，吾不得而见之矣。
”若业为吾所有，必高束焉，庋藏焉，曰“姑俟异日观”云尔。
○2余幼好书，家贫难致。
有张氏藏书甚富。
往借，不与，归而形诸梦。
其切如是。
故有所览辄省记。
通籍后，俸去书来，落落大满，素蟫灰丝时蒙卷轴。
然后叹借者之用心专，而少时之岁月为可惜也!○3今黄生贫类予，其借书亦类予；惟予之公书与张氏之吝书若不相类。
然则予固不幸而遇张乎，生固幸而遇予乎？知幸与不幸，则其读书也必专，而其归书也必速。
上海市松江区2012届高三上学期期末(1月)考试语文试题
松江区2011学年第一学期级期考试（满分150分，完卷时间10分钟）2012.1 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、阅读 80分 （一）阅读下文，完成第1题（1分） ）（3分） A．中堂书写内容均与治家理财、保佑平安息息相关。
B．工业化、城市化和现代化是中堂远去的主要根源。
C．现代居室有中堂书架等，就可能有精神徜徉的空间。
D．“正大中和”中堂展创作理念和笔墨技法非常传统。
5．联系上下文，填入第⑧段空格处最恰当的一项是…………………………( )（3分） A．如果那么关于B．即使也至于 C．虽然但是对于D．只有fú）”。
他以为秦始皇采长生不老药为名，带三千童男童女东渡日本。
关于他的传说遍布城乡，《史记》上也有明确记载。
搜集这些资料，考察古人行迹，成了我和朋友的大事，以至于兴味盎然十余年。
我们想找一个徐芾出生地，找了个叫“徐家庄”的小村；想找一套完整的徐氏家谱，结果发现一卷又一卷。
徐芾传说、研究文论，搞起了几百万字。
我们走近了徐芾，就是从粗枝大叶的历史观中走出。
我们真的受益不浅。
什么时候接近过如此多的隐秘？什么时候抓起了这么多的“民俗”？什么时候又沉浸于这般深的史海？我们在小城荒郊挖掘、考古、鹦鹉学舌，直到皱纹爬上脸颊。
⑨后来我们参与盖了一座徐芾祠，塑了一尊高大的徐芾石像。
动手的艺术家都是海内一流人物，而且个个敬仰徐芾。
⑩我的一个朋友从遥遥西部来到小城定居，极善诗文。
他写了许多“徐芾诗”。
深夜郊外听他吟诗不息，必有激动生出。
而且我耳听弦外，听到了另一种鸣响。
⑾朋友中有个诗人，这在物欲大盛之年当是幸事。
多少次不记得了，在风雨之中，在乐观赶走悲观的时刻，我的朋友高声吟哦。
2012届上海市松江区高三上学期期末考试语文试卷
……于是项伯复夜去，至军中，具以沛公言报项王，因言曰：“沛公不先破关中，公岂敢入乎？今人有大功而击之，不义也。不如因 善遇之。”项王许诺。
沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王，至鸿门，谢曰：“臣与将军戮力而攻秦，将军战河北，臣战河南，然不自意能先入关破秦，得复见将军 于此。今者有小人之言，令将军与臣有郤……”项王曰：“此沛公左司马曹无伤言之。不然，籍何以至此?”项王即日因留沛公与饮。……
难度：0.94 组卷：310 题型：句子默写 更新：2017/3/3来自相似题 纠错 收藏 详情
阅读下面的诗歌，完成小题。 饮酒（其四） 陶渊明
栖栖失群鸟，日暮犹独飞。徘徊无定止，夜夜声转悲。厉响思清远，去来何依依。 因值孤生松，敛翮①遥来归。劲风无荣木，此荫独不衰。托身已得所，千载不相违。 （注）①翮：鸟的翅膀。 14 . 陶渊明， （朝代）著名诗人，世称靖节先生。 15 . 对诗歌理解和分析不准确的一项是（ ） A．叠词“栖栖”“夜夜”“依依”写出离群之鸟日夜无所归依的恓惶。 B．前六句写鸟的失意与后六句写鸟遇到松树的境况构成鲜明的对照。 C．“值”通“植”，写诗人心生怜悯，手植松树让离群之鸟来此栖息。 D．离群之鸟将临风不凋的松树作为托身之地，愿与之相守，不再分离。 16 . 《归去来兮辞》中有写“鸟”和“松”的句子：“云无心以出岫，鸟倦飞而知返。景翳翳以将入，抚孤松而盘桓。”试分析其在写法上与本 诗的主要区别。
2012青浦区一模语文试卷(附解答)
青浦区2012届第一学期高三年级期末考试语文试卷（满分150分，完卷时间150分钟）2012.1（考试时间：150分钟满分：150分）(注：答案请写在答题纸上，否则不予评分)一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题。
（18分）有数，就有美（有删改）翟墨（一）⑴“天生之物，无一无偶，无一齐者。
”(刘大槐《论文偶记》)世界上一切事物都是矛盾的统一体，这统一物的矛盾，常常体现为“二”、“四”、“六”、“八”之偶。
⑵这“偶”，有时表现为中轴线两边的均衡对称。
如合欢树的叶，蝴蝶的翅，人的耳目手足。
鼻口虽为一，但仍然有左右鼻孔与上下唇齿之分。
这“偶”，有时象征着相反相成的衬托或对比：有无相生，难易相成，长短相较，高下相倾，音声相会，前后相随。
”《老子》)⑶“无独有偶”的观念几乎贯穿在各种艺术创造之中。
北京紫禁城的建筑是以天安门--地安门为中轴左右对称的；中国古典小说章法中有正对，反对，有一卷中自为对，隔数十卷遥为对。
中国的对联、诗词更讲究对仗，如有这么一副对联：“冻雨洒窗，东两点西三点；切瓜分客，上七刀下八刀。
”既对仗工整而又拆字为数，其构思之妙令人叹为观止!⑷这“偶”只是相对的，并非绝对平均的“一刀切”。
薛雪《一瓢诗话》曰：“诗家最忌雷同，而大本领人偏多于雷同处见长。
……惟其篇篇对峙，段段双峰，却又不异而异，同而不同，才是大本领，真超脱。
”⑸这“偶”推演到极致，便是中国宇宙观、美学观的高度概括：太极图与八卦。
⑹《易·系辞》上：“易有太极，是生两仪。
两仪生四象，四象生八卦。
”太极图的阴阳“鱼”，八卦的阴阳“爻”，都是以“阴阳”这一基本范畴派生出种种对立因素的复杂交织与运动变化，成为中国艺术美学原理的认识基础。
⑺在“偶”中，有一个不对称的偏正平衡。
它构成一个最美的比率，那就是黄金比—1：0．618。
实验证明，这个比率正同人在最愉快时的“信塔”胸电波高频与低频的比率相吻合。
更有趣的是，葵花籽的巧妙排列，牵牛花藤的缠绕生长，自然界中许多美的生长曲线，都酷似数学上的对数螺旋线。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
卢湾区2012届第一学期高三年级期末考试 语 文 试 卷 考生注意： 1． 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名等填写清楚。 2． 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有试题的答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分；答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应，不能错位。 3． 考试时间150分钟，试卷满分150分。 一 阅读80分 （一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。（18分）
机器的神话 南 帆
①现在，机器已经如此密集地介入了生活，甚至参与每一天的开始与结束。人类与自然的搏斗，这个阶段占据了大部分的历史时光；人与人的社会关系压倒了人与自然的关系之后，一个重要的转折开始了。现在，如此之多的机器嵌入了我们的生活——又一个历史的拐点来了吗？ ②我们进入了一个机器装配的世界。我们的行程是由汽车和飞机设计的，我们的休闲是由电视频道和节目表设计的，我们的午餐欲望由钟表批准，我们脸上的表情竭力取悦照相机。机器为我们提供了种种知识。可以上互联网查询一个典故，一个机构的地址，一个学科的前沿问题；甚至可以在身体不适的时候查找各种病症的解释。钱锺书由于博闻强记而成为神话般的学术人物， ，有了“百度”和google之后，这又算什么？导演模拟器诞生之后， ，作曲软件被装入计算机之后，那些艺术家还有多少事情可以干？现在，机器是我们的教师，保姆，工程师，工作同事，娱乐伙伴，机器设置我们的居住环境，出行步骤，聚会空间以及艺术享受的形式。换句话说，机器如同我们新的上帝。 ③人与机器长期磨合之中，我们总是认为自己占据了上风。充当主人的幻觉隐瞒了一个意味深长的事实，机器正在将我们调教成它的附属零件。我们说得出各个频道节目主持人的近期绯闻以及何时曾经整容，但是，我们对于一墙之隔的邻居一无所知。寄宿学校的孩子周末回家，扔下了书包直扑计算机。他认为三天不上网就会成为傻瓜，而拨出半小时陪伴父母聊天简直是活受罪。 ④我们不清楚是否已经越过临界点。人类的许多传统坐标正在失效，例如“真实”。那一幢房子是真的吗？水里游动的热带鱼、一个人脸上惊恐的表情是真的吗？炮火、高高溅起的水柱与燃烧的炮舰真的是一场海战吗？通常，我们对于这一类问题的判断不会发生错误。然而，自从诸多机器介入之后，任何真实景象都被打上了问号。什么时候开始，机器已经变成了最大的神话制造者；无论是弄虚作假，造谣惑众还是设计各种天衣无缝的骗局，没有机器的协助几乎是不可想象的。我离开美国好莱坞电影厂房的时候，最为强烈的感觉是——一切都不可信。乳白色的厂房和山坡上的别墅可能是伪造的，165号公路可能是伪造的，路边的卡车和一棵棵高耸的树可能是伪造的，几个穿工装的黑人可能是伪造的，我坐在车上感觉到的座位震动仍然可能是伪造的。机器惊人的伪造本领终于让我感到了精神的晕眩。 ⑤日常生活之中，现在的相片恐怕是最不可信的证据。照相的特技与计算机数码成像无情地摧毁了眼见为实的古训。一个人踮起脚跟，专注地用照相机俯拍沙滩上水流冲刷出来的种种小裂缝。他告诉我，特技可以将这些照片处理成航拍的、沟壑纵横的黄土高坡。真正叫我惊恐而又敬佩不已的是数码成像。《侏罗纪公园》里面肌肉颤动的恐龙或者《泰坦尼克号》之中巨大的沉船场面均是数码成像的杰作。数码成像已经不需要原型了，这是人类跨越的一条隐蔽的、然而是至关重要的界限。只要择出一匹奔马的若干个点，将这些点形成的运动曲线输入计算机，软件就会制作出一匹甚至一批奔马的图像。换言之，计算机已经在虚拟空间行使上帝的职责——创造世界。或许在不远的将来，我们的大部分时间都会生活在虚拟空间之中，就像飞行员在模拟舱之中训练飞行技术。 ⑥当然，如今已经没有一个人愿意考虑抛弃机器。机器的能量如此之大，已经成为我们无法摆脱的靠山。让我们向自己坦白好了——我们只有一个巨大的恐惧掩埋在深处：如果某一天机器拥有了自己的意志，人类的血肉之躯哪能是它们的对手呢？ 1.联系上下文，填入第②段空格处恰当的一项是（ ）（2分） A.虽然 并且 B.可是 或者 C.不过 何况 D.所以 甚至 2．第①段中划线词语“又一个历史的拐点”指的是人类历史已经从人与 的冲突转变为人与 的冲突。（2分） 3．第③段中“附属零件”一词，暗示了机器时代人类的两个特点： 和 。（4分） 4．联系④⑤两段内容，分析第⑤段画线句的含义与作用。（3分） 5．对文意理解正确的一项是（3分） A．机器正日益影响着人类的生活方式与思想观念。 B．机器对人类社会弊大于利，因此必须限制使用机器。 C．人类已经无法摆脱机器的控制，必将成为机器的奴隶。 D．机器的不断进步，必然导致人类的最终灭绝。 6．机器对人类也有许多帮助，试以某一种机器为例（不能列举本文中出现过的例子），从两个方面加以阐述。（4分） （二）阅读下文，完成第7—12题。（20分） 林肯的鼻子 汪曾祺 ①我们到伊里诺明州泼凌菲尔德市参观林肯故居。林肯居住过的房子正在修复。几家邻居的住宅倒都已经修好了。邻居的房子也是木结构，样子差不多。一位穿了林肯时代服装的中年女士给我们作介绍。她的声音有点尖利，话说得较快，滔滔不绝。她说了一些与林肯无关的话，老是说她们姐妹的事。她最后说：“林肯是伟大的政治家，但在生活上是个无赖。”我真有点怀疑自己的耳朵。 ②第二天上午，参观林肯墓，墓的地点很好，很空旷，墓前是一片草坪，有很多高大的树。 ③这天步兵114旅特地给国际写作计划的作家们表演了升旗仪式。两个穿了当年的蓝色制服的队长模样的军人在旗杆前等着。其中一个挎了值星带，佩指挥刀。在军鼓和小号声中走来一队士兵。所谓一队，其实只有七个人。前面两个，一个打着美国国旗，一个打着州旗。当中三个背着长枪。最后两个，一个打鼓，一个吹号，走得很有节拍，但是轻轻松松的。立定之后，向左转，架好长枪。喊口令的就是那个吹号的，口令声音很轻，并不大声怒喝。一声“升旗”后，号兵自己吹了号，那两个队长举手敬礼，国旗和州旗升上去。一会儿工夫，仪式就完了，士兵列队走去，小号吹着“光荣光荣哈里鲁亚”，打鼓的这回只是用两根鼓棒敲着鼓边。这个升旗仪式既不威武雄壮，也不怎么庄严肃穆。说是形同儿戏，那倒也不是。只能说这是美国式的仪式，比较随便。 ④林肯墓是一座白花岗石的方塔形的建筑，墓前有林肯的立像。墓基前数步，石座上还有一个很大的铜铸的林肯头像。林肯墓清清爽爽，干干净净，很好看。一位法国作家说他到过南京，看过中山陵，说林肯墓和中山陵不能相比，中山陵有气魄。我说：“不同的风格。”“对，完全不同的风格！”他不知道林肯墓是“墓”，中山陵是“陵”呀。 ⑤我们到墓里看了一圈。这里葬着林肯、林肯的夫人和三个儿子。正中还有一个林肯坐在椅子里的铜像。他的三个儿子都有一个铜像，但较小。纪念林肯，同时纪念他的家属，这也是一种美国式的思想。这里倒没有林肯的“亲密战友”的任何名字和形象。 ⑥走出墓道，看到好些人去摸林肯的鼻子，头像的鼻子。有的把孩子举起来，孩子就高高兴兴地去摸。林肯的头像外面原来是镀了一层黑颜色的，鼻子被摸得多了，露出里面的黄铜，锃亮锃亮的。为什么要去摸林肯的鼻子？原来只是因为林肯的鼻子很突出，后来就成了一种迷信，说是摸了会有好运气。好几位作家握着林肯的鼻子照了像。他们叫我也照一张，我笑了笑，摇摇头。 ⑦归途中路过诗人艾德加·李·马斯特的故居。马斯特对林肯的一些观点是不同意的。我问接待我们的一位女士马斯特究竟不同意林肯的哪些观点，她说她也不清楚，只知道他们关系不好。我说：“你们不管他们观点有什么分歧，都一样地纪念？”她说：“只要是对人类文化有过贡献的，我们都纪念，不管他们的关系好不好。”我说：“不过，我不赞成大家去摸林肯的鼻子。”她说：“我也不赞成！” ⑧途次又经桑德堡故居。桑德堡写过长诗《林肯在战争年代》。他是赞成林肯观点的。 ⑨回到住处，我想：摸林肯的鼻子，到底要得要不得？最后的结论是：这还是要得的。谁的鼻子都可以摸，林肯的鼻子也可以摸。没有一个人的鼻子是神圣的。林肯有一句名言：“所有的人生而平等。”我还想到，自由、平等、博爱，是不可分割的概念。自由，是以平等为前提的。在中国，现在，很需要倡导这种“生而平等”的精神。 ⑩让我们平等地摸别人的鼻子，也让别人摸。 （1987．10.1．爱荷华） 7.第③第⑤段中提到“美国式的仪式”、“美国式的思想”，“美国式”在文中的含义是 、 。（2分） 8.第①段中的画线句中的“倒”与“也”在文中有何特别含义？（3分） 9.品读文章第⑥段划线句，联系前文，分析作者当时不肯握林肯鼻子照相的原因。（4分） 10.对本文理解恰当的一项是（ ）（3分） A.作者在第③段描述了步兵114旅表演升旗仪式的过程，借此委婉批评美国人对林肯缺乏应有的尊重与热爱。 B.作者引用法国作家的话，目的是为了把“墓”与“陵”对比，体现中山陵宏伟的气势，以表达自己的民族自豪感。 C.文章通过游林肯墓的所见所闻，以小见大，引出了一个严肃重大的话题，寓意深刻。 D.作者认为，“自由、平等、博爱”三个概念是不可分割的，没有轻重先后之分。 11.与本文标题有关的内容到第⑥段才出现，请概括前五段主要内容并分析其作用。（4分） 12.汪曾祺的语言很有韵味，请评析本文在语言运用方面的一个特点。（4分） （三）默写（任选六空）（6分） 【注：任选6空，超过6空，按前6空评分】
13．⑴昔我往矣，杨柳依依 ；今我来思， 。（《诗经•采薇》）
⑵ ，却话巴山夜雨时。（李商隐《夜雨寄北》） ⑶但愿人长久， 。（苏轼《水调歌头》） ⑷闻道有先后，_ ，如是而已。（韩愈《师说》） ⑸叶上初阳干宿雨， ，一一风荷举（周邦彦《苏幕遮》） ⑹ ，柳暗花明又一村。（陆游《游山西村》）