浅析地方政府应急管理

江苏省高等教育自学考试 （ 2015年） 本科毕业论文 题 目 浅析地方政府应急管理 摘 要

I 摘 要 公共危机管理是指政府及其他社会公共组织等危机管理主体，以公共危机为目标，通过监测和预警，防止和控制公共危机的发生，采取应急处置，评估，恢复与补偿等措施来降低危机带来的损失，避免危机事件的扩大和升级，恢复社会管理体系和运行过程中社会的正常秩序。伴随着社会现代化的进程，我国公共危机事件频发性、复杂性、高破坏性对政府应急处置能力和公共危机管理水平提出了挑战。在国家转型期，公共危机管理已成为政府创新社会管理机制的重要内容。但从实践看，地方政府“应急”频频而管理不足，做好常态下社会管理的同时，不断完善政府应急管理相关理论的研究是提高政府及全社会应对突发事件提升应急管理能力的现实需要。我国危机管理理论的研究既要借鉴西方现代危机管理经验，又要立足国情，从总结地方政府应急管理工作实践入手，探索符合我国国情的危机管理理论体系。当前，我国政府在应对各类突发事件过程中已形成具有中国特色的“一案三制”管理体制。相应的应急管理理论也具备了一定的基础，但是，仍存在危机管理法制不健全，运转机制不畅的问题。地方政府应急管理工作存在危机意识不强、危机机制不健全、危机管理机构人才匮乏、危机信息管理不科学规范等问题。本文从加强危机管理法制建设入手，以强化政府危机管理素能、增强以政府为主导的非政府组织、企业和公民共同参与的社会整体应对危机的合力等途径，阐述了完善地方政府危机管理工作的对策和建议。

关键词：地方政府；突发事件；应急管理 Abstract

II Abstract Public crisis management refers to the government and other public organizations such as crisis management main body, in the public crisis as the goal, through the monitoring, early warning and control counter to prevent public crisis, or by control, emergency disposal, evaluation, compensation and other measures to reduce crisis loss, expand and upgrade to avoid crisis, to restore social order a complete set of management system and operation process. Modern social public crisis frequent, complexity, high destructive to our country government emergency disposal ability and the level of public crisis management challenges are put forward. In the transition state, public crisis management has become the important content of government innovation of social management mechanism. But looked from the practice, the local government "emergency" and lack of management, completes the norm of social management at the same time, improve the government emergency management related theory research is to improve the government and the whole society to deal with emergencies emergency management capability of reality needs. The theory of crisis management research in China should not only used for reference the experience of western modern crisis management, and should be based on national conditions, from the perspective of the local government emergency management practice, to explore the crisis management theory system which accords with the situation of our country. The current our country government in dealing with all kinds of emergencies has formed with Chinese characteristics in the process of "one case SanZhi" management system. Corresponding emergency management also has the certain theory, however, there is still a crisis management legal system is not sound, operation mechanism of the problem. The local government emergency management existence crisis consciousness is not strong, the crisis mechanism is not sound and lack of crisis management mechanism, crisis information management is not scientific and standardized, and other issues. This article obtains from the strengthening the construction of legal system of crisis management, to strengthen the government crisis management can, enhance the government-led non-governmental organizations, enterprises and citizens to participate in the society as a whole to tackle the crisis together, this paper expounds the countermeasures and Suggestions to perfect the local government crisis management work. Keywords: Public crisis management; The local government; The management system; The emergency; Nongovernmental organizations ; Countermeasures and Suggestions目 录 III 目 录 摘 要 .............................................................. I ABSTRACT ........................................................... II 第一章 绪论 ........................................................ 1 1.1研究背景 ....................................................... 1 1.2研究意义 ....................................................... 1 1.3研究现状 ....................................................... 2 1.4研究内容 ....................................................... 2 1.5研究方法 ....................................................... 3 第二章 政府危机管理现状 ............................................. 4 2.1政府危机管理的概念 ............................................. 4 2.2政府危机管理发展历程 ........................................... 4 2.3政府危机管理的立法现状 ......................................... 5 第三章 地方政府应急管理工作存在的问题与原因 ........................ 6 3.1危机意识与忧患意识不强 ......................................... 6 3.2危机管理运行机制尚不健全 ....................................... 7 3.3缺乏专门危机管理队伍和专门人才 ................................. 8 3.4危机信息管理尚不科学、不规范 ................................... 8 3.5非政府组织、企业、公民参与度不高 ............................... 9