10个最好的英语词汇学习
10个最好的英语词汇学习
时间：2003-10-26 22:46:54 来源：英语麦当劳https://www.360docs.net/doc/ba1773933.html, 阅读26005次
The Ten Best Vocabulary Learning Tips
?Vocabulary Learning Tip One: Read, Read, Read!Most vocabulary words are learned from context. The more words you"re exposed to, the better vocabulary you will have. While you read, pay close attention to words you don"t know. First, try to figure out their meanings from context. Then look the words up. Read and listen to challenging material so that you"ll be exposed to many new words.
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Two: Improve your context skills. Research shows that the vast majority of words are learned from context. To improve your context skills pay close attention to how words are used. Doing a search on a word using https://www.360docs.net/doc/ba1773933.html, (for searching newsgroups) will give you many examples of how that word is used in context. Play our Daily Context Vocabulary Quiz.
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Three: Practice, practice, practice. Learning a word won"t help very much if you promptly forget it. Research shows that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions to really make a word part of your vocabulary. It helps to write the word - both the definition and a sentence you make up using the word - perhaps on an index card that can later be reviewed.
As soon as you learn a new word, start using it. Review your index cards periodically to see if you have forgotten any of your new words. Also, do a search on a word using https://www.360docs.net/doc/ba1773933.html, (for searching newsgroups) to get many examples of how the word is actually used.
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Four: Make up as many associations and connections as possible. Say the word aloud to activate your auditory memory. Relate the word to words you already know. For example, the word GARGANTUAN (very large) has a similar meaning to the words gigantic, huge, large, etc. You could make a sequence: small, medium, large, very large, GARGANTUAN. List as many things as you can that
could be considered GARGANTUAN: Godzilla, the circus fat lady, the zit on your nose, etc. Create pictures of the word"s meaning that involve strong emotions. Think "the GARGANTUAN creature was going to rip me apart and then eat me!"
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Five: Use mnemonics ( memory tricks). For example, consider the word EGREGIOUS (extremely bad). Think EGG REACH US - imagine we"ve made a mistake so bad that they are throwing eggs at us and a rotten EGG REACHes US. Such funny little word pictures will help you remember what words mean, AND they are fun to make up. Also, find out which learning style suits you best. Everyone learns differently!
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Six: Get in the habit of looking up words you don"t know. If you have a dictionary program on your computer, keep it open and handy. America Online and other internet services have dictionaries and thesauruses on their tool bars. Find them and look up any word you are not absolutely sure of. Use a thesaurus when you write to find the word that fits best.
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Seven: Play with words. Play Scrabble, Boggle, and do crossword puzzles. These and other word games are available for the computer, so you are not dependent on a partner to play. Also, try out the Franklin Electronic Dictionary that features built-in word games.
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Eight: Use vocabulary lists. For the serious vocabulary student, there are many books that focus on the words most commonly found in standardized tests, such as the SAT and GRE. There are also many interesting word sites on the Internet, many of which will send you a word a day by email.
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Nine: Take vocabulary tests.
Playing games, such as the ones on this site, that test your knowledge will help you learn new words and also let you know how much progress you"re making. Offline sources for vocabulary tests include SAT prep books (we recommend "10 Real SATs" by ETS), and the Reader"s Digest Wordpower section.
For more, check out https://www.360docs.net/doc/ba1773933.html, or your local bookseller.
?
?Vocabulary Learning Tip Ten: Get excited about words!
Come to appreciate the sometimes-subtle differences between
them. Do you know the difference between something that denotes something else and something that connotes something else? If not, go look it up. Learn to say what you really mean and discover the joys of being able to express yourself in writing. Your future can depend on how rich your vocabulary is. A good vocabulary will make a difference on the standardized tests, like the SAT and GRE, that could determine whether or where you go to college. It will also determine the quality of your communication. So be in it for the long pull. Let building your vocabulary be a lifelong proposition. Remember: "In the beginning was the word." Until you have a word for something, it does not exist for you. Name it, and you have made your reality richer.
英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)解析
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
英语词汇学教程参考题答案(杨信彰)
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
修订版《语言学纲要》第五章语义和语用答案
修订版《语言学纲要》第五章语义和语用答案 第五章语义和语用 一、名词解释 基本词汇——基本词汇就是人们自古至今常用的，用来表达日常事物现象的，并成为构成新词基础的那一部分词。基本词汇里的词是语言词汇的核心。 多义词——一个词有多个意义，它们概括反映相互有联系的几类现实现象。如“跑”就具有“两只脚或四条腿迅速前进”、“逃走”、〈方〉“走”、“为某种事务而奔走”、“物体离开了应该在的位置”、“液体因挥发而损耗”等六项互相有联系但又各不相同的意义，是多义词。 反义词——语言中有很多意义相反的词，叫做反义词。反义词，是现实现象中矛盾的或对立的现象在语言中的反映。分相对反义词和绝对反义词两种。具有反义关系的两个词之间只需要有一个义项相对或相反就可以了。 施事——自主性动作、行为的主动发出者。 焦点——人们之所以要说话，是为了向对方传递他们所不知道的信息，也即新信息。从信息的角度看，句子中的新信息是说话者所传递信息的重点所在，是说话者认为受话者不知道因此希望受话者特别关注的部分。这就是句子的“焦点”。 情态——情态是体现“说话者对所言的主观看法”的范畴。主要表达“必然性”、“可能性”、“必要性”等方面。 语气——语气是表达“句子的言语交际作用”的范畴，指的是句子所携带的反映说话人使用句子的目的和说话人情绪的意义，包括陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等 言语行为——人们说出的话不仅仅是人类经验的映像(句义)，也不仅仅是特定说话者对人类经验的具体认知，它还是一种社会行为。像打人、吃饭等其他社会行为一样，“说话”这种社会行为也有对行为者之外的事物(特别是受话者)或行为者自身产生某种效力的
目标，也有因行为而引发实际变化的效果。简而言之，言语交际行为本身也构成新的人类经验，与现实世界中的其他人、物、现象、事件有着“行为—效力”的关联。这些是语言在另一层次上的意义。从这一视角对语言意义的关注称为言语行为研究。 二、填空 、( 一般性 ) 、( 模糊性 )、( 全民性)是词义概括性的三个重要的表现形式。、多义词有多项意义，最初的那个意义叫(本义)，离开上下文人们就能知道的那项意义叫( 中心意义)。汉语中的“老”有“年纪大”、“经常”、“陈旧的”等意义，其中，“年纪大”是( 本义 )，其余的是(派生意义)。 三、分析题 、指出下列同义词的意义差别 父亲——爸爸语体色体不同，父亲是书面语体，爸爸是口语语体 得到——获得感情色彩不同，“得到”是中性词，，“获得”是通过努力得到好的结果，是褒义词。 眼红——嫉妒语体色体不同，嫉妒是书面语体，眼红是口语语体 秘密——绝密词义轻重不同，秘密轻，绝密重。 3、收集汉语“烹调类”单音节动词，用一组语义特征描写它们的词义。 蒸、煮、烹、煎、烤、烘、煨、炸、煸、爆 、试分析下列句子的语义结构。
自考英语词汇学部分章节重点归纳EnglishLexicology
《英语词汇学》（课程代码：00832）试卷结构 Chapter 5 Word Meaning(词的意义) Reference(所指关系) is the relationship between language and the world. Concept(概念)，which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition n.认识；知识；认识能力, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. Sense(语义)denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense (not every word has reference) Motivation (词义理据)account for the connection between the linguistic(word) symbol and its meaning. Onomatopoeic motivation(拟声理据) words were created by imitating the nature sounds or noises. Morphological motivation(形态理据)compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. 很多合成词和派生词都是这类， Semantic motivation(语义理据)refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.( 由字面义派生出来的引申 义) Etymological motivation (词源理据) the meaning of many words often relate words the history of the word explain the meaning of the word. associative meaning 关联意义 Lexical meaning 词汇意义 Types of Meaning conceptual /denotative meaning 词义的分类概念意义 Grammatical meaning 语法意义directly to their origins. In other connotative meaning 内涵意义 stylistic meaning 文体意义 affective meaning 感情意义 collocative meaning 搭配意义 Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships. Conceptual meaning also known as denotative meaning( 外延意义 ), is the meaning given in the dictionary and
英语词汇学及答案
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
大学英语词汇学教程参考答案
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
英语词汇学第一章
Chapter 1 1.1 What Is a Word 词的概念：A word can be defined as a meaningful group of letters. （一个词可以被定义为一组有意义的字母） 词包含以下几点： ① a minimal free form of a language.一门语言中最小的形式 ② a sound unity.一个声音统一体 ③ a unit of meaning.一个意义单位 ④ a form that can function alone in a sentence.能在句子中起独立作用的一个形式 A word is a free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.词是一门语言中具有一定的声音，意义和句法功能的最小形式 Words can be simple and complex.词可以是简单的也可以是复杂的 1.2 Sound and Meaning 声音与意义之间的关系：This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary,and there is no logical relationship between the sound and the actual thing and idea itself .The relationship between them is conventional. 这种象征性的联系几乎总是任意的，声音与实际的事物和观念本身没有逻辑关系。他们之间的关系是约定俗成的。 1.3 Sound and Form 读音与拼写不一致的原因：①The English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. ②The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. ③Some of the differences were created by the early scribes. ①英语字母表是从罗马人那里采用的，罗马人没有一个单独的字母来代表语言中的每个 声音。 ②这些年来，发音的变化比拼写的变化更快。 ③有些差异是由早期的抄写员造成的。
现代英语词汇学(课后总结中文)
现代英语词汇学(课后总结中文)
第一章 一个词可以被定义为一个基本单位的言论和作为一个最低的自由形式。它是一个统一的声音和意义，帽子能够执行一个给定的句法功能，所有的话在一个语言的共同组成的词汇。英语的历史发展表明，英语是一个沉重的借用者，它采用了几乎所有已知语言的词汇，尤其是拉丁语、法语和希腊语。第一次世界大战的英语词汇?拉里扩大的速度比以前快后渣土。对了一天英语词汇快速增长的根本原因是科学技术进步的标志，社会经济、政治和文化的变化?宝在英语母语国家的发生，和其他国家的语言和文化的强烈影响， 由于在历史发展过程中出现大规模借贷，英语词汇极其丰富和异质。词汇量从旧英语的50000个增加到了60000个，增加到了世界上最大的一百万个单词。 尽管外来词在本土词汇上占优势，但后者却是英语词汇中最熟悉、最有用的部分。前者增加了灵活性和语言资源?丰满。 英语词汇包含不同种类的词汇。可根据不同的?租金标准分类。词汇可以根据其来源分类为母语反借词。通过使用水平，词可以分为普通（或流行〉词文学的话口语词、俚语和术语。一个词的状态不是固定不变的，而是不断变化的。技术术语可能会很流行，而流行词可以用作专门术语。一些俚语也成为常用词或俗语词可以分为实
词和虚词前有独立的词汇意义，后者，在大多数情况下，没有词汇本身的含义，作为语法信号显示内容之间的连接词。虚词比内容词少得多，但使用频率更高。 第二章 词是由语素构成的，语素是英语最有意义的单位，既有音也有义。一位是任何一个рЬешеMOR的变体形式。 语素111ay被归类为自由或束缚，自由语素是一个可以成为一个独立的COM?完整的话语，而粘着语素不能单独存在；它必须出现至少一个其他语素自由或束缚。 语素可以分为根和根进行affixies，在а?ягогс?意义的重要组成部分，根可以免费或黏着语素 自由根可以独立成为单词，并为语言的形成提供基础。在现代英语中，词根虽然不能用词来表示，也不能用词来构成新词。 词缀是粘着语素。因为它们只在添加到其他语素时才使用。?词缀分类分为屈折词缀和派生词缀，前者涉及到语法，派生词缀分为前缀和就够了，这是重新?相关词形成的根，前缀和后缀的圆弧和单词构成的积木，对语素水平的话可以Ъб分为简单，复杂的复合词，根据数量和他们的COM?构成语素的类型。 语素是重要的。该房屋亲?过程因为两最核心的产出性词汇- lormation过程、复合和词缀，
Lecture 4-《英语词汇学》第四章教案
Lecture 4 讲授题目：Morphological Structure of English Words 所属章节：《现代英语词汇学概论》之第2章 计划学时：2 periods 教学方法：传统讲授法 参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》 教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，学生对词的 形态结构、词的构成要素—词素、词干、词根有基本的了解和认识。 ?教学重点： 1) Morpheme; 2) Types of morphemes. 教学难点： 1) Concept of morpheme; 2) Morpheme、stem 、root. Lecture 4 Before we actually deal with the means of word-formation, we need to analyze the morphological structure of words and gain a working knowledge of the different word-forming elements which are to be used to create new words. Morphological Structure of English Words 1. Morpheme (词素/语素/形位) It seems to be generally agreed that a word is the smallest unit of a language that stands a lone to communicate meaning. Structurally, however, a word is not the smallest unit because many words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units. Look at the following items: Morphological Structure of English Words ? yes yes ? unhappiness un-happi-ness ? horses horse-s ? talking talk-ing Yes has no internal grammatical structure. We could
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
第五章 常用词汇以及表达方式的翻译(二)
第五章常用词汇以及表达方式的翻译（二） 本章教学目标：掌握常用法律英语词汇以及表达方式的基本译法。 课堂讲练： 一、“FOR THE PURPOSE(S) OF----― 1、可翻译为“为---目的“（汉译英法律文本中多见） 例1、（1）、Whoever, for the purpose of illegal possession, uses one of the following means during signing or performing a contract to obtain property and goods of the opposite party by fraud, -----, is to be sentenced to ----. （2）、This law is enacted for the purpose of protecting the legal rights and interests of the parties to contracts, maintaining the socio-economic order---. 注意，这种用法是我国法律英译文本的译法，在原文是英文的法律文本当中，要表达“为—目的“或”出于—目的“而使用“FOR THE PURPOSE(S) OF----―比较少见，一般使用“FOR”或者“IN ORDER TO”。 （3）、This contract is entered into by and between Party A and Party B as follows in order to arrange the matters in respect of the loan provided by Party A to Party B for the purchase of the target goods. 小结：之所以建议用“FOR”或者“IN ORDER TO”，是因为“FOR THE PURPOSE(S) OF----―在英语法律文本中的用法已经不作“为—目的”讲。 2、译为“就---而言”，或“为了施行或实施—” 例2、（1）、For the purpose of subsection (3), permission shall be in the form of a thirty (30) business day prior notice in writing ---- （2）、For the purpose of this law, ―invention –creation ―means inventions ,utility models and designs.‖ 小结：该短语的恰当译法是“就---而言”，或“为施行---（法律条款名），尤其在其后跟法规编号时，最好可译为“就该（法规编号，比如第几条、款、章）而言”。 二、“PROVIDE THAT“ “PROVIDE THAT“means: ―on condition that, if‖ 1) Provided that there is no opposition in writing by both Parties hereto at the expiration of its duration, this Contract shall be renewed automatically for one year. 2) Provided that you make adequate monetary compensation.，we shall waive our title to this land. 1、较少用法：放在句首，引导条件从句，与“IF”、“WHERE”等引导的条件从句无异。 例3、（1）、Provided that the rent in respect of the aforesaid premises is not paid in advance as stipulated by Clause 1 hereof, the tenant shall be deemed to be in arrears with the rent. （2）、Provided that the offeree makes an acceptance beyond the time limit for acceptance, it shall constitute a new offer unless the offeror notifies the offeree in time that the acceptance is effective. 2、放在某句之后，以分号与主句隔开，表示与之前陈述相反的“例外”，相当于“with the exception of “，但不能译成“---以外，---除外”，而译成“但，但是“。法律英语中称为”但书“。 1)、The Licensee shall not be entitled to start any action for the infringement on the Licensed Trademark ;provided that the Licensor may, at its own discretion and cost, prosecute or otherwise to stop or prevent such actual or threatened infringement 2）、The interest rate applicable to each loan hereunder shall be the interest rate stipulated herein; provided that we have the right, in the manner as we deem appropriate, to adjust it from to time to the extent permitted by the applicable laws or regulations. 小结：“PROVIDE THAT“作为但书使用的场合远远多于其作为”如果“讲时使用的场合。对于作为“如果”来讲，正式的词很多，有‘WHERE“，”IN THE EVENT THAT“等，而要表示“但是”，“BUT”在法律英语中一般不用，而是“HOWEVER‘和“PROVIDE THAT“，这导致作为但书讲时，“PROVIDE