英语专业毕业论文开题报告(汉英公示语的翻译)
公示语翻译的开题报告
公示语翻译的开题报告公示语翻译的开题报告一、研究背景公示语是指在公共场所或者特定场合中，为了向公众传达特定信息而使用的语言表达方式。
随着社会的发展和人们对信息获取的需求不断增长，公示语的使用越来越广泛。
然而，由于不同地区、不同文化背景下的语言差异，公示语的翻译工作面临着一定的挑战。
因此，本研究旨在探讨公示语翻译的相关问题，以提高公示语翻译的质量和效果。
二、研究目的本研究的主要目的是通过对公示语翻译的实证研究，分析公示语翻译中存在的问题，并提出相应的解决方案。
具体目标如下：1. 分析公示语翻译中的语言障碍，探讨不同语言之间的差异对翻译的影响。
2. 研究公示语翻译中的文化障碍，探讨不同文化背景下的语言表达方式对翻译的影响。
3. 提出公示语翻译的解决方案，包括翻译策略、技巧和方法，以提高翻译的准确性和可读性。
三、研究方法本研究将采用实证研究方法，通过对实际公示语的收集和分析，结合相关文献的综述，对公示语翻译中存在的问题进行深入研究。
具体研究步骤如下：1. 收集不同地区、不同场所的公示语样本，包括标语、广告、告示等。
2. 对收集到的公示语样本进行语言和文化分析，发现其中存在的问题和障碍。
3. 结合相关文献的综述，对公示语翻译的相关理论进行归纳和总结。
4. 提出公示语翻译的解决方案，包括翻译策略、技巧和方法，并进行实证验证。
四、预期结果通过本研究，预期可以得到以下结果：1. 对公示语翻译中存在的语言障碍进行深入分析，揭示不同语言之间的差异对翻译的影响。
2. 对公示语翻译中存在的文化障碍进行深入研究，探讨不同文化背景下的语言表达方式对翻译的影响。
3. 提出公示语翻译的解决方案，包括翻译策略、技巧和方法，以提高翻译的准确性和可读性。
4. 验证提出的解决方案的有效性和可行性，为公示语翻译提供实用的指导和参考。
五、研究意义本研究的意义主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 对公示语翻译中存在的问题进行深入研究，为公示语翻译工作提供理论支持和实践指导。
英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版
英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版ProposalTitle: A Study on C-E translation of Scenic Spots Introductions of Guangzhou from the Perspective of Eco-translatology Rationale and Significance of the Proposed StudySince the 21st century, along with economic globalization, transnational tourism also gets rapid development. China，as a big country with full tourist resource, with the successful hosting of the 20xx Guangzhou Asian Games, Guangzhou will usher in more and more foreign tourists. How to better convey the information in the travel material, how to best introduce Chinese culture to foreigners by Chinese tourism as more as possible, it is closely related to the translation quality of scenic spots introduction. Scenic spots introduction is an important way for the tourists to get tourist attractions information, proper scenic spot introduction can make the tourists to obtain the necessary background knowledge, deepen their understanding of the scenic spot culture connotation and good translation of scenic spots introduction. It can make foreign friends better understand Chinas culture, also good for the spread and communication of culture. To select the perspective of Eco-translatology, using the methods and principles of Eco-translatology to study the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou, will have a lot to the guiding role of the English translation for the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou..Literature Review (Background)Current researches on tourism translation are more concentrated on analysis of the translation of right or wrong,such as spelling missing errors, grammar mistakes, misnomer, encumbrance, expression repeated language, cultural misunderstanding existing in the tourist translation. Theoretical research from the macro level is still in its infancy. The deficiency of theoretical discussion directly led to the weakness of translation practice and cultivation of translation talents. In the study of tourism translation, there are more research on attractions name, signboard, scenic spots culture, scenic spots introduction and slogan and so on. Among them, for the study of scenic spots introduction, most domestic scholars study it from the perspective of the functional translation theory or skopos theory, but there are just a few people studying it from the perspective of Eco-translatology. According to Li Xiangwu, Chen ping(20xx), they take the translation of skopos theory as the guiding principle, then analyzed the scenic spots translation errors paradigm, aimed to improve the quality of tourist attractions in Chinese-English translation. Analysis is comprehensive. And ZhaiXiaoYi, she explored translation of tourist attractions introduction text from the perspective of the functional theories. Through the analysis of the text content and rhetoric of travel sites attractions introduction, she was tried to explain the enlightenment of functional theories for Chinese travel website text. The context was detailed, but overall, it still stays in text translation error analysis, and putting forward effective strategies. Eco-translatology is a new emerging interdisciplinary subject that makes the translatology mix with the ecology and mutual infiltration. Hou min (20xx), under the guidance of Eco-translatology, through discussing problems in the translational eco-environment of tourism translation in Shanxi, put forward the subjects of translation of tourism culturetranslation environment and internal adaptation and multidimensional response strategy, etc. Analysis is very detailed, but example is insufficient. Guo Fen (20xx), guided by the Eco-translatology, from the three-dimension transformation method of translation, the translator duty and afterwards punishing mechanism to explore the ecological translation theory guidance of translation of scenic spots introduction, it is very detailed, but not enough in-depth. In recent years, scholars studies in the tourism translation with the perspective of the ecological translation theory have been gradually increased, but under the perspective of Eco-translatology, the scenic spots introduction translation studies is relatively less. Scenic spots introduction can reflect a regions history and culture, good translation of scenic spots introduction will be better carry forward the Chinese culture. It can let the foreign friends understand China better.Research QuestionsWhat are the characteristics of the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou Existing problemsCan the Eco-translatology have the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in GuangzhouMethodology and Data CollectionMethodology: First, field investigation, collecting data, and then under the perspective of Eco-translatology, doing the contrast analysis of the scenic spots introduction in both Chinese and English version.Data collection：The data collected to support the thesis are mainly from field investigation. The data will be chosen in the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou. The data will be collected by photographs, some typical data will be picked out and classified and then illustrated from the perspective of Eco-translatology.Theoretical FrameworkEco-translatology: Professor Hu Gengshen argued and built a translation theory of adaptation and selection, the theory may be defined as a means of ecology of translation studies, think that the translation activities should through language, culture communication and three dimension transformation, its principle is multi-dimensional adaptation and adaptive selection, the best translation is integration to adapt to the selectivity of the highest translation.Outline/Organization of the Proposed Study1. Introduction1.1 Rationale and Significance1.2 Research Questions1.3 Research Methods1.4 Organization of the Dissertation2. Research Review2.1 Previous research on Tourism Translation2.2 Previous research on Chinese to English translation of scenic spots introduction.2.3 Previous research on Eco-translatology2.4 Achievements and deficiencies3. Theoretical Framework3.1 Eco-translatology3.1.1 An Overview of Eco-translatology3.1.2 Transaltion Principle and Method of Eco-translatology3.2 Applicability of Eco-translatology4. Case Analysis4.1 Analysis of the information with Eco-translatology in the process of Chinese to English translation of scenic spotsintroduction4.2 Take some examples to analyze the translation while applying the method of Eco-translatology4.3 Discussion5. ConclusionTentative Conclusion and Potential DifficultiesTentative Conclusion: The Eco-translatology has the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou.Potential Difficulties:1. Not familiar to the Eco-translatology2. Data collection will not be very easy and the example that can fit the theory will not be easy to find.ReferencesNelson, R.Winter,S.An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge/London: Duck University Press,1982 Newmark, P.. Approach to translation. Oxford: Pergamon, 1982。
2021年英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告范文(最新)word版
英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告范文（最新）课题名称(中/英文)英汉习语翻译折射出的文化差异(the culture differences in the translation of English & chinese idioms)一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义2世纪9年代以来,我国语言学界对英汉语言文化对比的研究方兴未艾,不同层面,不同角度的全方位研究正在不断深入,其中,张培基的<<习语汉译英研究>>(1979)和胡文仲的<<英语习语与英美文化>>(XX)最具代表性.在国外,esl/efl习语习得研究已经逐步引起关注,理论研究方面以nida eugene a.(1974)的理论研究为主要代表.近年来,国内外有关英汉习语专题研究的论文也相继公开发表,为英汉习语的进一步深入研究奠定了基础。
意义英汉习语承载着不同民族的文化特色和文化信息，它们与文化传统紧密相连，不可分割。
习语中的文化因素往往是翻译的难点。
本选题以英汉习语为切入点，进行较为深入的文化对比研究，通过文化差异在语言系统中的积淀，反映一个民族的历史、宗教信仰、风俗习惯、思维模式等特征在习语上的表现，有助于学习者更好的了解和掌握英汉习语。
二、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题本选题重在研究英汉习语折射出的文化差异，以及由此衍生出的英汉习语翻译方法的不同，理论说明与实例分析相结合。
难点如何从文化差异的角度归纳、总结英汉习语的翻译方法。
创新点将习语作为一种文化现象而非仅仅语言现象加以研究。
三、研究步骤、方法及措施引言文化及文化差异1文化的定义2文化差异的客观存在性文化与语言1文化与语言的关系习语1习语的定义2习语的范围和产生的原因3习语的比喻义4习语的引申义中西文化背景差异1思维模式差异2历史典故差异3宗教信仰差异4风俗习惯差异1英汉动物词的文化差异2英汉数字词的文化差异3英汉颜色词的文化差异英汉习语的翻译方法1直译法2意译法3增译法4音译兼加注法5代换法研究方法和措施本篇研究的主要方法是在选定课题后，从图书馆找出相应的参考书籍，结合所学课程的相关内容，最后在网上寻找更多更新的数据、资料和有参考价值的文献。
英语翻译专业本科生毕业论文开题报告（共9篇）
英语翻译专业本科生毕业论文开题报告(共9篇)：开题本科生毕业论文英语翻译报告论文开题报告怎么写开题报告范文本科生毕业论文多少字篇一：英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告选题论证一、题目：The C-E Translation of Chinese Typical Expressions in theGovernment Work Reports from the Perspective of Skopos Theory二、我国研究现状中国政府每年都要在“两会”上向与会代表和委员发布《政府工作报告》，总结前一年或者前五年中国在建设具有中国特色的社会主义道路上所取得的新成就，同时部署来年或者未来五年中国政府对中国国情所作出的各项方针政策，涉及政治、经济、文化和人民生活等各个领域。
该报告也因此成为国际社会了解中国国情、中国发展、中国政府的政策和主张的尤为重要的途径之一，受到全世界各国政府和人民的普遍关注。
因此，其翻译的好坏直接影响到中国的国际声誉和国际地位。
政府工作报告是一种特殊的文体，兼有口头语和书面语的双重特征，其翻译实属政论文体翻译。
目前，国内学者对政论文的翻译研究较少，对政府工作报告的翻译更少。
本文作者通过在知网和万方数据中输入关键词搜索关于对政府工作报告中具有中国特色词汇英译研究的书籍、论文、期刊，发现从目的论的角度对政府工作报告中具有中国特色词汇英译进行的研究相对特别少。
本文尝试从功能翻译理论中的目的论的角度对政府工作报告中具有中国特色词汇的英译进行进一步的研究。
三、研究的原因及意义随着对外交流的不断扩大以及中国国际地位的不断提升，《政府工作报告》日益受到世界瞩目，因此该报告的翻译对中国的发展具有深远的影响和重大的意义。
但是《政府工作报告》的翻译难度颇大，因为该报告具有极强的政治性和政策性，对译文的准确性和忠实性要求极高，而且报告中包含了大量的具有中国特色的词汇，很难在英语中找到完全对应的表达方式。
英语专业开题报告
英语专业开题报告As an English major, writing an opening report is an essential part of the academic journey. It serves as a preliminary outline of the research that will be conducted, providing a clear direction and purpose for the study. In this report, I will outline the topic of my research, provide a brief literature review, and present the research questions and objectives that will guide my study.The topic of my research is "The Impact of English Language Proficiency on Academic Performance in Non-Native English Speaking Countries." This topic is of particular interest to me because of the increasing importance of English as a global language and the challenges that non-native English speakers face in academic settings. I believe that by understanding the relationship between English language proficiency and academic performance, we can better support non-native English speakers in their educational endeavors.In reviewing the literature, I have found that there is a significant body of research that explores the relationship between English language proficiency and academic performance. Many studies have found a positive correlation between English language proficiency and academic success, while others have identified various factors that may influence this relationship, such as socio-economic background, educational resources, and teaching methods. However, there is still much to be explored in this area, particularly in non-native English speaking countries.Based on this literature review, the research questions that will guide my study are as follows:1. What is the current level of English language proficiency among non-native English speaking students in academic settings?2. How does English language proficiency impact academic performance in non-native English speaking countries?3. What factors influence the relationship between English language proficiency and academic performance?The objectives of my research are to:1. Assess the English language proficiency of non-native English speaking students in academic settings.2. Investigate the impact of English language proficiency on academic performance.3. Identify the factors that influence the relationship between English language proficiency and academic performance.In conclusion, this opening report has outlined the topic of my research, provided a brief literature review, and presented the research questions and objectives that will guide my study. I am confident that this research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the impact of English language proficiency on academic performance, and I look forward to delving into this important and relevant topic.。
英语专业论文开题报告
英语专业论文开题报告Title: The Impact of Technology on English Language Learning 1. Introduction1.1 Background and SignificanceIn today's rapidly evolving world, technology plays a prominent role in nearly every aspect of our lives. The field of education is no exception, with technology providing new opportunities to enhance and transform teaching and learning experiences. One area that has seen significant impact is English language learning. English has become the lingua franca of the global community, with proficiency in the language opening up numerous opportunities for individuals in the global job market. As a result, the demand for effective English language learning methods has increased, and technology has emerged as a key tool in meeting this demand.1.2 Research ObjectivesThis research aims to investigate the impact of technology on English language learning, specifically focusing on the following objectives:1. To examine the different types of technology used in English language learning.2. To explore the effectiveness of technology in enhancing students' English language proficiency.3. To evaluate the attitudes and perceptions of language learners towards technology in the English language learning process.4. To identify the challenges and limitations of incorporating technology in English language learning.2. Literature Review2.1 Technology in English Language LearningThis section will review existing literature on the different types of technology used in English language learning. It will explore the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), mobile applications, online platforms, virtual reality, and other emerging technologies in improving language acquisition.2.2 Effectiveness of Technology in English Language Learning This section will analyze studies and research conducted on the effectiveness of technology in enhancing students' English language proficiency. It will examine the impact of technology on language fluency, vocabulary acquisition, grammar skills, listening comprehension, and speaking abilities.2.3 Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Technology in English Language LearningThis section will discuss the attitudes and perceptions of language learners towards technology in the English language learning process. It will analyze studies that investigate students' motivation, engagement, and satisfaction with technology-based language learning approaches.2.4 Challenges and Limitations of Technology in English Language LearningThis section will explore the challenges and limitations associated with incorporating technology in English language learning. It will discuss issues such as access and affordability, technological barriers, teacher training, and potential negative impact on social interaction and collaboration.3. Methodology3.1 Research DesignThis study will adopt a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect and analyze data. Qualitative methods, such as interviews and surveys, will be used to explore participants' attitudes and perceptions towards technology in English language learning. Quantitative methods, such as pre- and post-tests, will be used to measure the impact of technology on students' language proficiency.3.2 ParticipantsThe participants of this study will be English language learners from a secondary school. A total of 100 students will be selected through random sampling to ensure a representative sample.3.3 Data Collection and AnalysisData will be collected through interviews, surveys, and language proficiency tests. The interviews and surveys will be analyzed thematically to identify patterns, themes, and recurring ideas. The language proficiency test results will be analyzed using statistical methods to measure the effectiveness of technology in improving students' language skills.4. ConclusionThis study aims to contribute to the existing literature on the impact of technology on English language learning. By exploring the different types of technology used in language learning, evaluating their effectiveness, understanding learners' attitudes and perceptions, and identifying the challenges and limitations, this research will provide insights for educators, policymakers, andresearchers in designing and implementing technology-based language learning approaches that maximize students' language acquisition and proficiency.。
呼啸山庄英语专业毕业论文开题报告中英对照
呼啸山庄英语专业毕业论文开题报告中英对照赣南医学院英语专业毕业论文开题报告学生姓名班级指导教师英文题目Wuthering heights of Heath cliff characcter of the dualism of theanalysis中文题目呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫性格的双重性的分析一．选题的依据及意义(Significance of the Research)Wuthering heights is the only work of England Emily at the 19th century .The spot of the story is mainly about the love story between Heath cliff and Catharine the love and regret and revenge is not only the soul of the novel, but also is the key of the work. The critics about the novel have different ideas about it, especially they have many discussion about the host of story Wuthering heights. Critics have analyzed the character of him from the different aspects . A completely and in-depth analysis about the Wuthering heights is good for us to study the novel well.The best part of the novel is the love story between Heath cliff and Cathrine, their love has beyond the general meaning of love which also can be said as a love outthought the word. But the forming ad the development of this kind of love has be an important reason of the c haraccter of Heath cliff .This discourse will analyze the reason of the forming the character of Heath cliff from the ill-treatment by him and others and his weakness and brave. So it can improve the readers to understand the novel of Emil well.二．国内外研究现状(Background to the Problem)There are many professes and scholars have analyzed .thecharacter of Heath cliff many scholars have analyzed the reason of the forming of the character of Heath cliff from different sides, some of them think his character is informal and ill-treat himself, and some think that is because of the social background, but also some scholars think he is the hero of the love who dare to love and hate.Many scholars have studied the reason of the character forming, such as the translation of the Wuthering heights of England Emily Bronte by Yan Hong Mei and Zhang Yun. They said that because that kind of the treatment, no matter hoe better man he is he would de a demon. Liu Feng Hui also said that the character forming of him is mainly about the environment around him. There is no doubt that the money is the standard of the society at that time .The shame which is taken by the poverty like a knife which had change the character. In addition, Chen Yi ping think that the god has a revenge character. In the book weather Heath cliff is a romantic hero or goal, she said that human can not do better than itself, Heath cliff can not beyond the nature of human ,he also have been hurt by himself. So analysis from many sides to analyze the character of Heath cliff have a great meaning.三．本课题研究内容(Specifications of the Problem/Questions to Be Answered)This paper will analyze the reason of the forming of the character from the dualism and the reason why he will ill-treat himself, why other people would ill-treat him, and the reason of his weakness andbrave.At first, I will analyze the normal character of Heath cliff as a boy.[The ill-treatment at his childhood]Secondly ,I will analyze the cool and informal character which is expressed in his revenge after he grew up. [The ill-treatment by himself]Thirdly I will analyze his character after his revenge ,and the informal character of human nature.At last ,according to the analysis of that we can see the return of human nature.四．本课题研究方案(Research Design)Consultation :On the base of leading a lot of literatures ,this paper analyze the reason of the forming of the character from the different sides.Analysis :Based on his character of Heath cliff under the Emily ,we can analyze the reason of the forming of the character from the dualism.Compare :The ill-treatment by himself and others and his weakness and brave.五．研究目标、主要特色及工作进度(Expected Results and Processing of the Research)This paper will analyze the ill-treatment by himself and others ,his weakness and brave ,from his normal character to his unmoral character analyze the reason of his dualism character. His weakness and brave also had doomed his character. Cathrine is an important role ,and their love is the most important reason for the change of his character .No matter how his character change ,he can not against the human nature ,from his ending we can see the return of the human nature.六、参考文献(References)【1】张同乐、毕铭·《呼啸山庄》一部具有现代主义意味的小说[J]·外国文学研究【2】艾米莉·勃朗特．呼啸山庄[M]．闫红梅，张润，译．北京：中国致公出版社，2005【3】刘风辉．复杂的双面人[J]．佳木斯大学社会科学学报，2007(1)：97—98【4】邓美华．人性的扭曲与复苏U]．湖南省社会主义学院学报，2006，(5)【5】刘长．希刺克厉夫：呼啸山庄的精神畸交者[J]．惠州大学学报，1994，(3)【6】孙冬梅．希克厉何以成为复仇的恶魔[J]．殷都学刊，2004【7】艾米莉·勃朗特．呼啸山庄[M]．徐晓雯译．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1996．231，23【8】杨岂深．英国文学选读[M]．上海：上海译文出版社赣南医学院英语专业毕业论文开题报告学生姓名班级指导教师英文题目Wuthering heights of Heath cliff character of the dualism of theanalysis中文题目呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫性格的双重性的分析一．选题的依据及意义《呼啸山庄》是十九世纪英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特生平创作的唯一一部小说。
最新英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告（翻译方向）
最新英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告（翻译方向）How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese TranslationI. Purpose and SignificanceWith the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text,making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.II. Literature ReviewLong befo re, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, m aking foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s internationalimage, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky(1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.III. Feasibility Analysis。
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根据不同的文本类型, PeterNewmark提出了两种基本的翻译方法,语义翻译(semantic translation )和交际翻译( communicative translation)。语义翻译重视的是原文的形式和原作者的原意,而不是目的语语境及表达方式,更不是要把译文变为目的语文化情景中之物。语义翻译通常适用于文学、科技文献和其他视原文语言与内容同等重要的语篇体裁。交际翻译指的是视翻译为“发生在某个社会情境中的交际过程”的任何一种翻译方法或途径。交际翻译其目的是努力使译文对目的语读者所产生的效果与原文对源语读者所产生的效果相同。即是说,交际翻译的重点是根据目的语的语言、文化和语用方式传递信息,而不是尽量忠实地复制原文的文字。译者在交际翻译中有一定的自由度去解释原文、调整文体、排除歧义,甚至是修正原作者的错误。由此,我们得出结论,公示语的翻译应该采用交际翻译法。
吕合发在2004年提出“英语公示语具有严格的规范性、标准性、沿袭性, 因此进行公示语的汉英翻译必须在汉英两种文化中对相同使用场合的具有相同功能的公示语进行一对一的汉英对译。”
2004年 9 月初，上海市语言文字工作委员会为加强上海市公共场所英文译名使用管理组建了“上海市公共场所中文名称英译专家委会”，负责研究制定上海市公共场所中文名称英译规范，对上海市公共场所英文译名使用进行审核，协调处理上海市公共场所中文名称英译方面有争议的问题，以及为社会规范使用英文提供咨询服务。委员会由英语语言学、汉语语言学、汉英翻译学、法学、社会学专家以及在沪的外籍专家共26人组成。北京第二外国语学院开办的网站“汉英公示语研究在线English-Chinese Expressions on Signs research andService Online”正式运营已经2年；商务印书馆于 2004年9月出版发行了由北京第二外国语学院单丽平编审、陈祝秀教授等人编写，英国专家Steve Samuels和美国专家Jane 与John Strode夫妇的悉心指导、校订的《汉英公示语词典》；国外还有一些政府机构、民间团体、个人开设的网站介绍、服务、搜藏公示标志和公示语。
二、国内发展情况
20世纪80年代末,我国才开始有学者着手公示语英译的研究,当时也没有使用“公示语”这一名称。如丁振祺1989年于《中国翻译》第1期发表的《企业名称的翻译问题》一文(丁振祺1989:
35-38)是国内这方面研究的首探。接着是曾世英同年载于同刊第2期的文章《关于我国地名拼音的商榷》(曾世英1989: 48-51)。
公示语是一种给特定人群观看、以达到某种特定交际目的的特殊文体。本研究分析了汉英公示语翻译的现状，并在探讨公示语文本类型的基础上，提出了公示语的交际翻译策略。期望能够更好的调节并制约公共场所公示语的应用，总结公示语翻译中出现的各种错误，并为之提供行使有效的翻译方法，从而改善我国的双语环境，创造良好的人文环境。
本科毕业论文开题报告
题目：On English Translation of Chinese
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本科毕业论文开题报告
题 目
汉英公示语的翻译
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自拟题目
1、研究目的和意义
公示语向来被称作“城市的脸孔"，是给所有到中国来的外国人士留下第一印象的中国名片。然而，公示语翻译的错误比比皆是，这大大影响了公示语作用的发挥，削弱了我国的国际形象。为了树立我国良好的国际形象，不断规范和完善城市公示语的翻译成为了一项亟待完成的工作。
较早将注意力集中在公示语翻译研究的是何自然,在他主编的《社会语用论文集》中,学者们开始从语用学的角度关注公示语的英译及语用失误问题。此外,倪传斌和刘治两位作者于1998年在《上海科技翻译》第2期发表了一篇题为《标记语的英译原则及实例分析》的文章。在这篇文章中,作者提出了标记语由汉语译为英语的过程中应遵循“简洁、明了、语气得当、规范化和适度诙谐”五原则。倪传斌将标记语的语气按其强弱依次分为:禁止性、警告性、命令性和提示性四种,认为公示语翻译除应注意规范化和适度诙谐之外,应遵循三条原则:让普通读者一看就明了,译文表达上的简洁和语气得当。同时译文应多一点人情味、多一点幽默感、多一点文化味。
2、国内外发展情况(文献综述)
一、国外发展情况
公示语的研究在西方最早开始于Vinay和Darbelnet两位学者,在他俩所著的Comparative Stylisticof French and English的前言部分。我们可得知,他们对公示语的研究起1959年。
英国翻译理论家PeterNewmark在语言功能理论基础上将语言功能分为六大类,表情功能(expressive function)、信息功能( information function)、召唤功能(vocative function)、美学功能(aesthetic function)、酬应功能(phatic function)和元语言功能(metalingual function),并将前三类视为语言的主要功能。Newmark根据语言功能的分类,对文本进行了划分。严肃文学,权威言论,自传,随笔和个人通信等为表情类文本;教材,专业报告,报刊文章,学术论文论著和会议纪要等为信息类文本;告示,宣传,广告,说明书和劝导性的文字为召唤类文本。必须指出,很少有文本只具有一种功能,绝大多数文本同时兼有几种功能,只是侧重不同而已。公示语是一种向大众展示的语言,作为一种交际工具它把必要的有用的信息传达给大众,进而唤起大众的注意,并按照公示语的指示、提示、限制、强制等要求去履行或规范自己的行为。由此,我们可以得出结论,公示语属于召唤功能性的文本。