关于西方文化影响下的中国现代文学发生的探究中英文对照

关于西方文化影响下的中国现代文学发生的探究中

英文对照

About the western culture under the influence of the Chinese modern literature study of Chinese and

English language compared

20世纪初期，中国社会新旧转换的问题日益突出，尤其是在文化上，中国旧文化由于长期自我封闭和禁锢而失去了生命力，不能够适应社会发展的需要。中国文学要发展，必然要打破旧文学的僵化，吸收新的积极的元素，开创新的文学。转过头来看此时西方文学的发展，无论是其文学形式还是文学思想对于处于新旧转换的中国文学来说，都有很大的借鉴与学习价值。

In the early 20th century, China's social transformation, old and new problem increasingly prominent, especially in culture, China's old culture lost vitality due to long-term self closed and locked, can't adapt to the needs of social development. To the development of Chinese literature, is bound to break the old literature of rigidity and absorb new positive elements, start a new literature. Turned to look at the development of western literature, both its literary form and literary thought in the old and new transformation of Chinese literature, there are a lot of reference and study value.

19世纪中后期到20世纪初，中国民众开始关注世界形势，并全方面地向西方学习。在这样一个大背景下，中国现当代文学开始萌芽。无论是在文学形式上还是在文学精神上都深受西方文学的影响。

In mid and late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese people begin to pay close attention to the world, and all aspects of learning from the west. In such a big background, the modern and contemporary Chinese literature began to sprout. Whether in literary form or in literature under the influence of western literature spirit.

纵观中国现当代文学史，不难看出，中国文学现代化的起步是离不了西方文学这股风的吹拂与催生的。西方文学在进入中国之后，具有先进意识和求知精神的新一代知识分子通过翻译文学的形式，将外国文学中文化，不但使外国文学的外在形态，而且也使其内在精神都发生了变异。在此过程中，西方文学被知识分子们所接受，并且中文的精神也被赋予在西方文学当中。可以说，中国现代文学就是通过翻译文学这种形式，从外在形式到内在精神开始发生现代转型的。诚然，这是一个相当复杂的过程。

Throughout most of China's modern and contemporary history of literature, it is not hard to see, start the modernization of Chinese literature is the wind blowing from western literature and creating. Western literature in China, with advanced consciousness and the spirit of a new

generation of intellectual knowledge through the translation of literary forms, foreign literature and culture, not only make the external form of foreign literature, but also make its inner spirit are the mutation. In the process, is accepted by intellectuals in western literature, and are endowed with the spirit of the Chinese in western literature. Can say, the modern Chinese literature is through the translation literature form, from the external form to the inner spirit began the modern transformation. Admittedly, this is a rather complicated process.

天朝大国的美梦破碎之后，一些具有先进意识的知识分子踏上了漫长而又艰辛的向西方学习的道路。新时期的知识分子，他们一方面不断地从西方文化中吸取各种新的文化思想，另一方面他们又对以儒家学说为正统的中国文化进行检讨与反思。20世纪初，大批的知识分子开始踏上了西洋留学之路。他们学成回国后，大多都从事了和教育有关的工作，如留在高校任教，在出版机构、报社或文化教育部门工作。他们开始引领中国文学的发展方向，并逐渐成为社会各方面的主干力量。像我们的大思想家鲁迅、诗人学者郭沫若、新文化运动倡导者陈独秀等等都是留学归来者。他们一方面积极地分析研究西方文化，一方面在此的基础积极探索中国新文学的出路，最终促成了中国现代文学的发生。由此可以说，这就是中国文学现代化能够兴起和发展的一个重要的背景原因。

The celestial empire dream broken, some with advanced consciousness of the intellectuals on the long and arduous road of learning from the west. Intellectuals in the new period, on the one hand constantly learn from western culture all sorts of new cultural ideas, on the other hand they are for Confucianism as orthodoxy of the review and reflection on Chinese culture. At the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of intellectuals started to step on the road to the western study abroad. After their graduation, are engaged in education and related work, such as teaching in colleges and universities, in publications, newspapers, or cultural education department. They began to lead the development direction of Chinese literature, and gradually become a backbone force of the society in different aspects. As our great thinker, lu xun, poet, scholar guo moruo, advocates of the new culture movement, Chen duxiu, etc are all abroad. They actively analysis and study of western culture on the one hand, on the one hand, on the basis of the positive explore the way of Chinese new literature, finally led to the happening of the modern Chinese literature. So can say, this is the modernization of Chinese literature to rise and the development background of one of the important reasons.

中国现代文学发生的首要因素，应当是时代进步的需要——五四时期特定的社会思想和文学要求。按照新一代知识分子们的认识，近代西方文化是一个与中国封建文化迥然相异的新型文化，它其中所包含的各种文艺思想以及现代精神都是中国旧文化中所没有的，甚至可以说这些思想和精神都可能满足和迎合中国反封建斗争的需要。处于这种认识，才有了前赴后继的一代又一代的知识分子将西方文学的形式到精神作为强有力武器来使用，并催生了中国现代文学的发生发展，一定程度上更是促进了中国社会的发展。

The first element of Chinese modern literature, should be to the needs of the era of progress, the May 4th period, specific social thought and literature. According to the understanding of the new generation of intellectuals, the Chinese feudal times and modern western culture is a culture elements of the new culture, which contains all kinds of literature and art thoughts and modern spirit are not available in China's old culture, even the thought and spirit are likely to meet and

cater to the needs of fighting against the feudalism in China. In this understanding, just had been fighting the generation after generation of intellectuals will form to the spirit of western literature as a powerful weapon to use, and fueling the development of modern Chinese literature, but also promoted the development of Chinese society, to a certain extent.

在人文精神方面，五四作家们接受了西方文化的核心——个体本位价值观念，也可以叫做个性主义思想。新文化运动中，由陈独秀主办的《新青年》杂志所讲的民主、平等、自由等思想，其根源就来之于该价值观念，要求尊重人的个体权利。五四新文化运动的先驱们勇于探寻和发现自我的价值，摆脱了旧思想、旧传统的束缚，最终认同了自我在社会发展中的主体地位。例如《伤逝》中女主人公子君所说的“我是我自己，他们谁也没有干涉我的权利！”应该说这种思想在五四以前的社会大环境下是很难出现的。一直到20世纪初，即五四时期，才出现了深受西方文化影响与熏陶的新一代知识分子，人们因此才有机会接触并主动接受这种现代性的人文思想。

In terms of the humanistic spirit, the May 4th writers accepted the western culture values, the core of the individual standard can also be called personality. New culture movement, the "new youth" magazine sponsored by Chen duxiu of democracy, equality, freedom of thought, its roots come from the values and demands respect for the rights of the individual. The May 4th new culture movement leaders have the courage to explore and discover the value of itself, get rid of the bondage of the traditional old ideas, old, finally identified with the self in the dominant position of social development. Such as the hostess in the childe relates to what you said "I am my own, who also don't interfere with my right!" it should be said that this kind of thought social circumstances it is hard to appear before May 4th. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the May 4th period, appeared the influenced by western culture and the influence of a new generation of intellectuals, so people have a chance of contact and take the initiative to accept the humanistic thoughts of modernity.

拥有了先进的文学思想还不够，只有通过文学作品的形式将之表现出来，才能被更多的人所接受，才能够起到它应有的作用。在五四新文学代表作家的作品当中，涌现出了前所未有的现代性的精神特征：理智化的精神立场，重主观感悟、重生命体验的认知态度，非绝对化、线性化的艺术运思，间接性、不确定性的表达方式[1]。在语言风格、体裁运用等外在形式上，中国现代文学作品也受到了西方文学的影响，如近代“新颖”的短篇小说的体裁，就是中国之前的旧文学不具备的。除此之外，题材选择方面也出现了新的发展方向。在《呐喊》、《彷徨》里，鲁迅首次把农民作为主人公，并对他们的生活和命运进行如实地刻画，这在中国文学史上是史无前例的。大多五四作家在回想自己的最初创作经历时，也经常会谈到西方文学作品对自己的影响。叶圣陶老先生在《过去随想》中就说道：“如果不读英文，不接触那些用英文写的文学作品，我决不会写什么小说”。西方文化不仅拓宽了五四作家们的视野，增强了他们的思想与知识的素质，同时还影响着他们的文学作品的创作。

Have advanced ideas of literature is not enough, only through the form of literature, performance, can be accepted by more people, can play its proper role. Representative in the May 4th new literature writers, emerged an unprecedented modernity spirit features: the intellectualization of the spiritual standpoint, heavy subjective feeling and life experience cognitive attitudes, not

absolute, linearization of operational art, indirect, uncertainty expression [1]. In language style and genre to use external form, the Chinese modern literature has been influenced by western literature, such as the modern short story genre of "novelty", is China's old literature. In addition, the topic selection, there is the new development direction. In "the scream" and "hesitation", lu xun for the first time farmers as the protagonist, and to faithfully depict their life and destiny, which is unprecedented in the history of Chinese literature. Most writers in "May 4th" back to their original creation, also often talk about western literature on its influence. Ye shengtao the man in the past thoughts, he said, "if you don't read English, don't contact those literary works written in English, what I will never write fiction". Western culture not only broadens the horizons of the May 4th writers, strengthened their ideas and knowledge quality, at the same time also affected their creation of literary works.

中国现代文学是在西方文化的影响下发生的，从时代发展的需要、主动接受西方文化到受现代性思想的影响、再到文学作品当中也渗透了西方现代性特征，西方文学在中国现代文学的发生过程中留下了深深地烙印。

Modern Chinese literature is under the influence of western culture, from the needs of the development of times, take the initiative to accept the influence of the western culture to the modernity thought, to literary works, the characteristics of western modernity, western literature in the process of Chinese modern literature left a deep imprint.

综上所述，我们不仅要看到西方文学对中国现代文学的影响和启发，同时更要看到中国文学的独创性。如何以正确的态度对待外国文学？五四时期文学作品是在它“向西方寻求真理”的过程中，在自身的现代化进程中，主动选择了这种影响，并由此来推动自身的现代化。将之作为中国文学发展的一种因素，而不能全盘西化或者盲目跟随。这在当代也是一个值得思考的问题。

To sum up, we should not only see the impact on modern Chinese literature and western literature, but also to see the ingenuity of the Chinese literature. How to use the correct attitude towards foreign literature? Literature is in the May 4 movement period to it to seek the truth "to the west" in the process of in its modernization process, choosing the influence, and thus to promote its modernization. It as a factor in the development of Chinese literature, wholesale westernization or not follow blindly. In the contemporary is a question worth thinking about.