Present status of the KADoNiS database
showstatus查看各种状态
showstatus查看各种状态要查看MySQL运⾏状态，要优化MySQL运⾏效率都少不了要运⾏show status查看各种状态，下⾯是参考官⽅⽂档及⽹上资料整理出来的中⽂详细解释：如有问题，欢迎指正状态名作⽤域详细解释Aborted_clients Global由于客户端没有正确关闭连接导致客户端终⽌⽽中断的连接数Aborted_connects Global试图连接到MySQL服务器⽽失败的连接数Binlog_cache_disk_use Global使⽤临时⼆进制⽇志缓存但超过binlog_cache_size值并使⽤临时⽂件来保存事务中的语句的事务数量Binlog_cache_use Global使⽤临时⼆进制⽇志缓存的事务数量Bytes_received Both从所有客户端接收到的字节数。
Bytes_sent Both发送给所有客户端的字节数。
com*各种数据库操作的数量Compression Session客户端与服务器之间只否启⽤压缩协议Connections Global试图连接到(不管是否成功)MySQL服务器的连接数Created_tmp_disk_tables Both服务器执⾏语句时在硬盘上⾃动创建的临时表的数量Created_tmp_files Global mysqld已经创建的临时⽂件的数量Created_tmp_tables Both服务器执⾏语句时⾃动创建的内存中的临时表的数量。
如果Created_tmp_disk_tables较⼤，你可能要增加tmp_table_size值使临时表基于内存⽽不基于硬盘Delayed_errors Global⽤INSERT DELAYED写的出现错误的⾏数(可能为duplicate key)。
Delayed_insert_threads Global使⽤的INSERT DELAYED处理器线程数。
Delayed_writes Global写⼊的INSERT DELAYED⾏数Flush_commands Global执⾏的FLUSH语句数。
legal status翻译
legal status翻译"legal status"的中文翻译为"法律地位"。
这一术语通常用于描述一个人、组织或实体在法律体系中的地位或法律承认的情况。
以下是一些与"legal status"相关的中英文对照例句：1. The legal status of a corporation differs from that of an individual.公司的法律地位与个人有所不同。
2. Immigrants need to go through a process to determine their legal status in a new country.移民需要经历一系列程序，确定他们在新国家的法律地位。
3. Same-sex marriage has gained legal status in many countries around the world.同性婚姻在世界许多国家获得了法律地位。
4. The legal status of an unborn child varies across different jurisdictions.未出生儿童的法律地位在不同司法管辖区间有所不同。
5. The legal status of a contract depends on whether it has been signed by all parties involved.合同的法律地位取决于是否已被所有涉及方签署。
6. The legal status of a trademark provides exclusive rights to its owner.商标的法律地位赋予其所有者独占权。
7. The legal status of a prisoner determines their rights and privileges while incarcerated.囚犯的法律地位决定了他们在监禁期间的权益和特权。
计算机专业英语题目
比较题1.SRAM and DRAM*RAM is short for random access memory.@Static RAM(SRAM) keeps data in the main memory,without frequent refreshing,for as long as power is supplied to the cicuit. SRAM is very fast but it is much more expensive than DRAM and takes more space than DRAM. Dynamic RAM(DRAM) is the most often used RAM in today's computer.DRAM can hold its data if it is refreshed by special logic called the refresh circuit.It is much cheaper and take much less space than DRAM.2.System software and Application software*What is software?Collection of programs is called software .*What is computer softwar?It is defined as the instructions and associated data , stored in electronic format , that direct the computer to accomplish task.*what is the shareware ?Shareware is copyrighted software marketed under a “try before you buy” policy.@Systemsoftware is the stuff that make your computer work.The application software is generally the computer programs which are used for the purpose of performing special tasks using a computer,it trains the PC‟s brain for higher cognitive functions rather than just keeping the PC alive and connected to the other.*Examples about Application Software:(1)Accounting software(2)Collaboratire software(3)Compilers and Interpreters(4)Computers Games(5)Database(6)Educational software(7)E-mailN and W ANLAN:A LAN is a high-speed data network that covers a relatively small geographic area .It typically connects workstations, personal computer, printers, servers, and other devices.W AN:A W AN connect multiple geopgraphically nearby LANs to one another over great geographic distances. The speed available on a W AN waries depending on the cost of the connections and may be low. W ANs opeate using routers , which can “choose ” the most appropriate path for data to take to reacha network node.4.What's the difference between Software Engneering & System Engneering ?@System Engineernig is concerned with all aspects of computer based systems developmentincluding hardware ,software and process engineering.Software Engineering is part of this more general process.5.CRT & LCD@CRT: Calhoole ray lube displays had a standarditool form factor owing to the required shape of heavriy vacuum tubeLCD;Liquid cryslal Displays have a new seirse of style.Free from the bulky shap of CRT,today's flat panel vendors are letting their imaginations run free with monitors that are colourd and shaped to match a design concept.*Advantage of LCD monitor①LCD monitor consume less power②Do not produce electromagnetic radiation as CTRs do③Are right and slim in size④Do not flickers like CRT’s⑤Full viewable size6.Synchronous & Asynchronous@S:you need two separated cables with every clock pulse one data bit is transfermed.A:transmission clock and data are tranfermed with only one cable.7.RISC & CISC@CISC:Complex Instruction Set ComputerIt is microprocessor designIt is used to transulations are complex to machine understand;It is need large memory area;It is very slow in processRISC:Reduced Instruction Set ComputerIt is advanced microprocessor designIt is reduced the complex Set of CISCIt is need minimem-storageIt is very fast to compare with CISC8.Switch & Router@9.Windows OS and Unix OS@Windows OS：Be easily understood.Unix OS:The UNIX OS was desiged to let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time and share its resources.10.Multitasking & Multiuser@Multitasking：Many computers do just one thing at a time ,as anyone who uses a PC laptop can attest. Try logging onto your company …s network while opening your browser and while opening a word processing program .Chances are the processor will freeze for a few seconds while it sorts out the multiple instructions. Multiuser:The same design which permits multitasking permits multiple users to use the computer .The computer can take the commands of a number of users –determined by the design of the computer – to run programs , access files , and print documents at the same time.11.Multitasking & Parallel processing@Multitasking:A single CPU excutes several programs at onceParallel processing:More than one CPU excutes a single program12.3GPL & 4GPL@3GPL：A 3GPL was no longer a need to work in symbolics.Instead,a pogrammer could use a programming language what resembled more to the natural languages.4GPL ：A fourth generation programming language is a programming language designed with a specific purpose in mind such as the development of commercial business software.Y ou can use to build an application without the third generation progamming language.13.Paraller processing and Compilier interpreter@14.switch RL and swich GPL@pare OSI with TCP/IPSimilarities :(1)both have layers(2)both have application layers(3)both have comparable transport and Network layers(4)packet ---switched technology is assumed(5)networking professional need to know both modelsdifferences :(1)TCP/IP combines presentation and session layer functions into its application layer.(2)TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and physical layers into one layer(3)TCP/IP simpler because it has few layers(4)OSI complex because it has multiple layers(5)TCP/IP have 4 layers , but OSI have 7 layerspilers and Interpreters@Compiler:A compiler is a computer program that translate a computer program written in one computer language into a program written in another computer language.Interpreter:An interpreter is a computer program that excutes other programs.简答题1.Field in AI①Games playing:programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers.②Expert system:programming computers to make decisions I real –life situations.③Natual language:programming computers to understand natural human language.④Neural networks:systems that simulate intelligence by attemping to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains.⑤Robotics:programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli .2.Write sth about Quanty Computing？@It was proposed in 1970‟s.It is based on quantum physics,b y taking advantages of certain quantum physics properties of atom or nuclei that allow them to work together as quantum bits or qubits to be the computer processor and memory . 3.Nano technologyIt is a field of science atoms is meant to control individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousand of times smaller them current technologies permit.4.Explain Register & it's type?@Only register can be directly indexed for input or output of an instruction, as defined by the instruction set.Types:Data register: Used to stored integer numbersAddress register: Hold memory addresses and are used to access memory General purpose register: It store data and addressFloating point register: Used to stored floating point numbers.Constant register : It hold read only values zero or one.Vector register : It hold single instruction and multiple data(SIMD).Special purpose register: It stored internal CPU data like stack pointer or processor status wordsInstruction register: the instruction currently being executed by the processer is stored here.5.10 lines about Data W arehouse & Data marts?@Data warehouse:Data warehouses are computer based information systems that are home for "secondhand"data that originated from either another application or from an external system or source.W arehouse optimize database query and reporting tools because of their ability to analyze data.They are a way for managers and decision makers to extract information quickly and easily in order to answer questions about their business.Data marts:It are smaller than data warehouse and genera lly contain information from a single department of a business or organization.The current trend in data warehousing is to develop a data warehouse with sevral smaller related data mats for specific kinds of queries and reports.6.Multimedia@Multimedia as the name suggests is an integration of various medium of communication which include text,graphics,animation,audio,still omages and motion video in a way that provides the user with a high level of control and interaction.Multimedia can be defined as any contains three or more of the following elements:text,still images,animation,sound,video and/or hypertext navigation.7.TCP/IP@TCP and IP were developed by Department of Defence of USA research project to connect a number of different networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks.It delivered a few basic services that everyone needs like file transfer,electronic mail,remote logon across a very large number of client and sever systems.TCP/IP is composed of layers:IP-is reponsible for moving packet of data from node to node.TCP-is responsible for verifying the correct delivery of data from client to server. Sockets-is a name given to the package of sunroutines that provide access to TCP/IP on most systems.8.What's bus and it's type?A bus is an important subsystem in computer architecture which transfers data or power between computer components inside a computer or butween computers.There are two types of bus:parallel bus and serial bus.Something about I/O Bus？9.Something about I/O System instructions?@There are four I/O buses in the modern PC architecture and each of them has several functions.They may lead to internal and external ports or they lead to other controlling buses,The four buses are:ISAPCI-which is the newer high speed multifunction I/O bus.AGP-which is only used for graphices adapter.USB-which is the new low speed I/O bus to replaces ISA.11.What's Internet?@Internet is consists of computers and router they obey the rules which is definited in the network. It allows users to communicate with their friends,to send message to the internet to shall the message.12.Basic Principles of 4GL includes?@(1)The Principle of Minimum W ork(2)The Principle of MInimum Skill(3)The Principle of avoiding alien syntax and mnemonics(4)The Principle of Minimum Time(5)The Principle of Minimum errors(6)The Principle of Minimum Maintenance(7)The Principle of Minimum Results13.Something about SQL?@SQL is short for`Structured Query Languages,which comprises one of the fundamental building blocks of modern database architecture.SQL defines the methods used to create and manipulate relational database on all major platforms.14.Parallel Bus and Serial Bus?Parallel Bus,which carries data words across multiple wires.Serial Bus,which carries data in bit-serial form.15.Features of Unix?@(1)Multitasking capability(2)Multiuser capability(3)Portability(4)UNIX programs(5)Library of applications software16.Something about 5th Generation Computers?@Fifth generation computing devices are based on artificial intelligence.AI includes the following fields:(1)games playing(2)expert systems:programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations(3)natural language:programming computers to understand natural human languages(4)neural netwoks(5)robotics17.What is an Internetwok?@An internetwork is a collection of individual networks,connected by intermediate networking devices.that functions as a single large network.Internetworking refers to the industy,products,and procedures that meet the challenge of creating and administering internetworks.18.ISO and OSI@ISO stands for International Standardization Organization and OSI System Interconnect Reference Model.The ISO/OSI is one of the most important systems architectures for talking about commucations.ISO/OSI is divided into seven layers,the pupose of each layer is to offer certain services to the higher layers.(画7层图)7 layers:(1)physical layer --- transmitting individual bits from one node to the next(2)data link layer --- data representation(3)network layer --- end to end communication(4)transport layer --- provide services from internet layer to application layer(5)session layer --- communication between hosts(6)presentation(7)application layer --- provide some applicationwork : interconnection between 2 or more computerpurpose of network :(1)sharing the file and applications(2)sharing hardware deviceskinds of network :(1)UK JANET (Joint Academic Network)(2)Europe EARN (European Academic Research Network)(3)USA ARPA net (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network )Application of network:(1)resource sharinghardware (computer resource , disks , prints )software (application software )(2)information sharingeasy accessibility from anywheresearch capability(3)communicationEmail , Message broadcast.Types of network :(1)LAN (Local Area Network) network in small geographical area(2)MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) network in a city(3)W AN (Wide Area Network) spread geographical20.URLS@URL stands for uniform resource locatorA URL is the address of document on the computer简写：(1) IC --- Integrated Circuit(2) PC --- Personal Computer(3) CPU ---Central Processing Unit(4) VDU --- Visual Display Unit(5) PCI --- Peripheral Component Interconnect(6) USB ---Universal Serial Bus(7) GUI --- Graphical User Interface(8) OSI --- Open System Interconnection(9) ISO --- International Standard Organization(10) HTTP --- Hypertext Markup Language(11) TCP --- Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol(12) DNS --- Domain Name System(13) FTP --- File Transfer Protocol(14) UDP --- User Datagram Protocol(15) ARP --- Address Resolution Protoco。
2022年伊犁师范大学计算机应用技术专业《数据库概论》科目期末试卷B(有答案)
2022年伊犁师范大学计算机应用技术专业《数据库概论》科目期末试卷B（有答案）一、填空题1、数据的安全性是指____________。
2、在SQL Server 2000中，某数据库用户User在此数据库中具有对T 表数据的查询和更改权限。
现要收回User对T表的数据更改权，下述是实现该功能的语句，请补全语句。
_____UPDATE ON T FROM User；3、在关系数据库的规范化理论中，在执行“分解”时，必须遵守规范化原则：保持原有的依赖关系和______。
4、若事务T对数据对象A加了S锁，则其他事务只能对数据A再加______，不能加______，直到事务T释放A上的锁。
5、数据仓库主要是供决策分析用的______，所涉及的数据操作主要是______，一般情况下不进行。
6、数据管理技术经历了______________、______________和______________3个阶段。
7、采用关系模型的逻辑结构设计的任务是将E-R图转换成一组______，并进行______处理。
8、数据仓库创建后，首先从______中抽取所需要的数据到数据准备区，在数据准备区中经过净化处理______，再加载到数据仓库中，最后根据用户的需求将数据发布到______。
9、在RDBMS中，通过某种代价模型计算各种查询的执行代价。
在集中式数据库中，查询的执行开销主要包括______和______代价。
在多用户数据库中，还应考虑查询的内存代价开销。
10、以子模式为框架的数据库是______________；以模式为框架的数据库是______________；以物理模式为框架的数据库是______________。
二、判断题11、等值连接与自然连接是同一个概念。
（）12、在数据表中，空值表示不确定。
（）13、在SELECT语句中，需要对分组情况满足的条件进行判断时，应使用WHERE子句。
（）14、二级封锁协议能解决不可重复读问题，不能解决读"脏"数据。
impala describe 注释
The "DESCRIBE"mand in Impala is employed to present the schema and metadata details pertaining to a specified table or view within the Impala database. Thismand serves as a valuable tool forprehending the structural characteristics of a table or view, epassing the nomenclature and data types of its columns, as well as any annotations linked to the columns.Impala的“DESCRIBE”用于介绍与Impala数据库中指定的表格或视图有关的计划和元数据细节。
这个表格是一个重要的工具，可以预先确定表格或视图的结构特征，通过各栏的名称和数据类型，以及与各栏有关的任何说明。
When you run the impala describemand, you just need to give the name of the table or view, and then Impala will give you all the info about that table or view. It's really handy for understanding the data structure, like what kind of data is in each column and if there are any special rules for them. It's a great way to get a quick overview of what's going on with your data.当运行impla描述曼德时，只需要给出表格或视图的名称，然后Impala会给出所有关于该表格或视图的信息。
userprofile是什么意思及如何造句
userprofile是什么意思及如何造句user profile是什么意思及如何造句在英语的学习中，词汇量的积累无疑是很重要的。
user profile是用户概况的意思，那么该如何用user profile造句呢?下面就一起来学习user profile的英语知识吧。
user profile的意思user profile英 [ju:z prufail] 美 [juz profal]用户概况(表)user profile的网络释义User-specific configuration files are saved to the user folder 在用户文件夹保存用户自定义参数;US User Synchronous user data用户同步数据;profile grinder profile grinding machine仿形磨床;profile grinder profile grinding machine仿形磨床;profile grinder profile grinding machine仿形磨床;user profile的例句Unless individual access permissions are specified in the user profile, this policy controls access to the network.除非在用户配置文件中指定了访问权限，否则本策略控制对网络的访问。
There is one copy of each of these files for each user profile that is installed on the system.对于这些文件中的每一个，都有一个副本对应于系统上安装的`每个用户配置文件。
The user profile database and services database are the same, please verify.用户配置文件数据库和服务数据库相同，请验证。
管理信息系统(原书第15版) _CH15_Case1_Daum[2页]
Management Information Systems 15eKENNETH C. LAUDON AND JANE P . LAUDONcontinuedCHAPTER 15MANAGING GLOBAL SYSTEMS CASE 1 Daum Runs Oracle Apps on LinuxSUMMARY Daum Communications, one of South Korea’s largest internet content delivery andservices provider, uses Oracle FIN & HRMS on Linux to maximize business efficiency.Daum Runs Oracle Apps on LinuxURL CASE Daum is one of the most popular web portals in South Korea. The company offers manyInternet services to web users, including a popular free web-based e-mail, messaging service, forums, shopping, and news. Daum’s success is a reflection of the high level of Internet usein South Korea. The country has the highest level of broadband users, and one of the mostwidespread levels of computer and Internet access.The popularity of Daum stems from the range of services it offers, but also from the fact that it was the first Korean web portal of significant size. Daum merged with the then most popular e-mail service, or . After the merger, Daum started the forum serviceDaumCafe which solidified its status in the South Korean Web site market. The terms cafe and Internet cafe (the latter of which is different from its meaning in Western usage), are now used as synonyms for Internet forum in Korean as a byproduct of Daum’s success.On August 2, 2004, Daum announced the purchase of Lycos for $95.4 million. The companyhad more than 1,200 employees as of June 2008. Because of acquisitions like this and otherattempts to expand worldwide, Daum began to feel constrained by their disparate range ofsoftware packages and scattering of key data. They sought out Oracle and installed an ERPmanagement platform based on Oracle E-Business Suite.Oracle Corporation’s E-Business Suite (“EB-Suite” or “EBS”) consists of a collection of enter-prise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), and supply-chain management (SCM) computer applications either developed by or acquired by Oracle. The software utilizes Oracle’s core Oracle relational database management system technology. The E-Business Suite contains several product lines, including Oracle CRM, Oracle Financials, Oracle HRMS, Oracle Logistics, Oracle Mobile Supply Chain Applications, Oracle Order Management, Oracle Transportation Management, Oracle Warehouse Management Systems. Each product comprises several separately licensed modules.Significant technologies incorporated into the applications include the Oracle database technologies (engines for RDBMS, PL/SQL, Java, HTML and XML), and the “technology stack” (Oracle Forms Server, Oracle Reports Server, Apache Web Server, Oracle Discoverer, Jinitiator and Sun’s Java).After Daum’s installation of Oracle E-Business Suite, the company was able to settle accounts six times as quickly, improve their financial reporting systems, integrate the company’s accounting, sales, billing, and online shopping systems, and reduce the work required to perform payroll bookkeeping by more than half. And since Oracle’s systems run on Linux, the system cost about one-tenth as much as comparable Unix-based ERP systems.1. What efforts is Daum making to expand globally? In what countries does it maintain apresence?2. Why was Oracle a good fit for Daum?3. Describe the benefits of Linux as opposed to other operating systems.4. What kind of broadband infrastructure does South Korea have? What does this meanfor Daum?5. What more can Daum do to gain ground on its competitors?VIDEO CASE QUESTIONS COPYRIGHT NOTICECopyright © 2017 Kenneth Laudon.This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from this site should not be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.。
UCI数据库使用说明
UCI数据库使用说明机器学习领域的UCI数据集使用说明此目录包含数据集和相关领域知识（后面以简短的列表形式进行的注释），这些数据已经或能用于评价学习算法。
每个数据文件（*.data）包含以“属性-值”对形式描述的很多个体样本的记录。
对应的*.info文件包含的大量的文档资料。
（有些文件_generate_ databases；他们不包含*.data文件。
）作为数据集和领域知识的补充，在utilities目录里包含了一些在使用这一数据集时的有用资料。
地址/~mlearn/MLRepository.html，这里的UCI数据集可以看作是通过web的远程拷贝。
作为选择，这些数据同样可以通过ftp获得，ftp://. 可是使用匿名登陆ftp。
可以在pub/machine-learning-databases 目录中找到。
注意：UCI一直都在寻找可加入的新数据，这些数据将被写入incoming子目录中。
希望您能贡献您的数据，并提供相应的文档。
谢谢——贡献过程可以参考DOC-REQUIREMENTS文件。
目前，多数数据使用下面的格式：一个实例一行，没有空格，属性值之间使用逗号“,”隔开，并且缺少的值使用问号“?”表示。
并请在做出您的贡献后提醒一下站点管理员：ml-repository@下面以UCI中IRIS为例介绍一下数据集：ucidata\iris中有三个文件：Indexiris.datasindex为文件夹目录，列出了本文件夹里的所有文件，如iris中index的内容如下：Index of iris18 Mar 1996 105 Index08 Mar 1993 4551 iris.data30 May 1989 2604 siris.data为iris数据文件，内容如下：5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa4.7,3.2,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa……7.0,3.2,4.7,1.4,Iris-versicolor6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor6.9,3.1,4.9,1.5,Iris-versicolor……6.3,3.3,6.0,2.5,Iris-virginica5.8,2.7,5.1,1.9,Iris-virginica7.1,3.0,5.9,2.1,Iris-virginica……如上，属性直接以逗号隔开，中间没有空格（5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,），最后一列为本行属性对应的值，即决策属性Iris-setosa。
数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 课后练习题 答案 第26章
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan See for conditions on re-use
With the growth of networks, and the existence of multiple autonomous
database systems, workflows provide a convenient way of carrying out tasks that involve multiple systems.
Provide infrastructure for building and administering complex transaction
processing systems with a large number of clients and multiple servers.
Provide services such as:
Some commercial TP monitors: CICS from IBM, Pathway from Tandem,
Top End from NCR, and Encina from Transarc
Database System Concepts - 6th Edition
26.3
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
TP Monitor Architectures
Database System Concepts - 6th Edition
26.4
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
计算机英语试题及答案
计算机英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a programming language?A. JavaB. C++C. PythonD. Photoshop2. What does CPU stand for?A. Central Processing UnitB. Central Power UnitC. Central Printing UnitD. Central Programming Unit3. What is the full form of HTML?A. Hyper Text Markup LanguageB. Hyper Text Markup LanguageC. Hyper Text Markup LanguageD. Hyper Text Markup Language4. In computer networking, what does IP stand for?A. Internet ProtocolB. Internet ProgrammingC. Internet ProviderD. Internet Processor5. What is the primary function of a router?A. To print documentsB. To store dataC. To connect multiple networksD. To provide internet access6. Which of the following is a type of database management system?A. MS WordB. MS ExcelC. MS AccessD. MS PowerPoint7. What does the acronym RAM stand for?A. Random Access MemoryB. Rapid Access MemoryC. Remote Access MemoryD. Real Access Memory8. What is the term for a collection of data stored in a computer in a structured format?A. FileB. DocumentC. DatabaseD. Folder9. Which of the following is not a type of computer virus?A. TrojanB. WormC. AntivirusD. Ransomware10. What does the term "bandwidth" refer to in the context ofinternet usage?A. The width of the cableB. The speed of data transferC. The number of usersD. The quality of the connection二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The basic unit of data in computing is called a ________.2. A ________ is a type of software that is designed to prevent, detect, and remove malware.3. The process of converting data into a form that can be easily transmitted or stored is known as ________.4. A ________ is a hardware device that allows a computer to connect to a network.5. The term "cybersecurity" refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from ________ and other types of cyber attacks.6. A ________ is a collection of related data and the way it is organized.7. The ________ is a type of computer memory that retains data even when the power is off.8. The process of finding and fixing errors in a program is known as ________.9. A ________ is a type of software that allows users to create and edit documents.10. The ________ is a set of rules that define how data is formatted, transmitted, and received.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a server and a client in a network.2. Describe the role of an operating system in a computer system.3. What are the key components of a computer system?四、论述题（每题30分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of data backup and recovery in a computer system.答案：一、选择题1. D2. A3. A4. A5. C6. C7. A8. C9. C10. B二、填空题1. bit2. Antivirus3. Encoding4. Network Interface Card (NIC)5. unauthorized access6. Database7. Hard disk8. Debugging9. Word processor10. Protocol三、简答题1. In a network, a server is a computer system or device that provides resources or services to other computers, known as clients. The server manages network traffic, centralizes data storage, and provides access to shared resources, while the client is a computer that requests and uses these resourcesor services.2. An operating system is the software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between theuser and the computer hardware, allowing users to interactwith the computer without needing detailed knowledge of the hardware.3. The key components of a computer system include thecentral processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard disk, SSD), input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices (monitor, printer), and peripheral devices (scanner, webcam).四、论述题1. Data backup and recovery are critical in a computer system because they ensure that data is preserved in case ofhardware failure, data loss, or cyber attacks. Regularbackups allow for the restoration of data to a previous state, minimizing downtime and potential loss of information. This process is essential for maintaining business continuity and protecting against data loss.。
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a rXiv:086.216v1[astro-ph]12J un28Nuclei in the Cosmos IX,June 25-302006,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland Present status of the KADoNiS database I.Dillmann,∗R.Plag,M.Heil,and F.K¨a ppeler Institut f¨u r Kernphysik,Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe,Postfach 3640,D-76021Karlsruhe,Germany T.Rauscher Departement Physik und Astronomie,Universit¨a t Basel,Klingelbergstrasse 82,CH-4056Basel,Switzerland (Dated:June 12,2008)Abstract The ”Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars”(KADoNiS)project is an online database for experimental cross sections relevant to the s process and p process.It is available under http://nuclear-astrophysics.fzk.de/kadonis and consists of two parts.Part 1is an updated sequel to the well-known Bao et pilations from 1987and 2000,which is online since April 2005.An extension of this s -process database to (n,p )and (n,α)cross sections at kT =30keV,as in the first version of the Bao compilation,is planned.The second part of KADoNiS is a p -process library,which includes all available experimental data from (p,γ),(p,n ),(α,γ),(α,n ),(α,α),(n,α)and (γ,n )reactions in or close to the respective Gamow window.Despite the great number of reactions required for a p -process reaction network,experimental data is still scarce and up to now restricted to stable targets.Given here is a short overview about the present status of the KADoNiS database.I.HISTORY OF STELLAR NEUTRON CAPTURE COMPILATIONSThe first collection of stellar neutron capture cross sections was published in1971by Allen and co-workers[1].This paper reviewed the role of neutron capture reactions in the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements and presented also of a list of recommended(experimental or semi-empirical)Maxwellian averaged cross sections at kT=30keV(MACS30)for nuclei between carbon and plutonium(6≤Z≤94).The idea of an experimental and theoretical stellar neutron cross section database was picked up again by Bao and K¨a ppeler[2]for s-process studies.This compilation published in1987included cross sections for(n,γ) reactions(between12C and209Bi),some(n,p)and(n,α)reactions(33Se to59Ni),and also (n,γ)and(n,f)reactions for long-lived actinides.A(limited)updated compilation was published in1992by Beer,Voss and Winters[3].In the update of2000[4]the Bao compilation from1987was extended to isotopes between 1H and209Bi,and listed–like the original Allen paper–also semi-empirical recommended values for nuclides without experimental cross section information.These estimated values are normalized cross sections derived with the Hauser-Feshbach code NON-SMOKER[5], which account for known systematic deficiencies in the nuclear input of the calculation.Ad-ditionally,the database provided stellar enhancement factors and energy-dependent MACS for energies between kT=5keV and100keV.II.THE UPDATED BIG BANG AND s-PROCESS DATABASEThe first update of the big bang and s-process database was finished in January2006[6]. In this stage,eight theoretical cross sections(74Se,84Sr,128−130Xe,147Pm,151Sm,and180Ta m) were replaced with new experimental values.Further20cross sections were updated by the inclusion of new data.In order to make these updates reproducible,a full list of updated cross sections with references can be found on the KADoNiS homepage in the menu section ”Logbook”.Here will be also a history of previous KADoNiS versions.The main future efforts in this part will be focussed on the re-evaluation of semi-empirical cross sections and the re-calculation of cross sections for isotopes,where a recent change in physical properties(e.g.t1/2,Iγ...)leads to changes in already measured cross sections. Another module will be the extension to(n,p)and(n,α)cross sections at kT=30keV,asin the first version of the Bao compilation[2].III.THE NEW p-PROCESS DATABASEThe second part of KADoNiS is a collection of all experimental reaction rates relevant for p-process studies.The first stage is presented here and includes all available datasets of(α,γ)(Table I)and(p,γ)(Table II)reactions within the respective Gamow window(see column E Gamow).56Fe(α,γ) 3.90-6.50 3.21-6.86[7]A030858Ni(α,γ) 4.90-6.10 3.40-7.18[8]C070362Ni(α,γ) 5.10-8.60 3.40-7.19[9]C066964Ni(α,γ) 4.40-7.10 3.40-7.20[9]C066963Cu(α,γ) 5.90-8.70 3.49-7.34[10]C105070Ge(α,γ) 5.05-7.80 3.78-7.80[11]O089796Ru(α,γ)7.03-10.56 4.85-9.51[12]A0451112Sn(α,γ)8.30-9.97 5.32-10.30[13]C0904144Sm(α,γ)10.50-13.40 6.26-11.78[14]A041658Ni(p,γ) 1.32-2.74 1.14-3.22[16]A0696 58Ni(p,γ) 1.00-4.91 1.14-3.22[17]C0886 58Ni(p,γ)0.51-3.09 1.14-3.22[18]A0048 58Ni(p,γ) 1.14-4.09 1.14-3.22[19]A0311 60Ni(p,γ)0.61-2.94 1.14-3.22[18]A0048 61Ni(p,γ) 1.11-2.94 1.14-3.22[18]A0048 64Ni(p,γ) 1.11-2.94 1.14-3.22[20]A0198 63Cu(p,γ) 1.11-4.69 1.17-3.29[20]A0198 63Cu(p,γ) 1.99-4.52 1.17-3.29[21]C0739 65Cu(p,γ) 1.03-3.22 1.17-3.29[20]A0198 65Cu(p,γ) 1.99-4.52 1.17-3.29[21]C0739 64Zn(p,γ) 1.47-2.73 1.21-3.35[18]A0048 67Zn(p,γ) 1.47-2.92 1.21-3.35[18]A0048 68Zn(p,γ) 1.67-4.97 1.21-3.35[22]C0650 74Se(p,γ) 1.60-3.00 1.34-3.61[18]A0048 74Se(p,γ) 1.46-3.55 1.34-3.61[23]O0849 76Se(p,γ) 1.46-3.55 1.34-3.61[23]O0849 77Se(p,γ) 1.55-2.97 1.34-3.61[18]A0048 84Sr(p,γ) 1.67-2.96 1.47-3.85[24]A0426 86Sr(p,γ) 1.48-2.96 1.47-3.85[24]A0426 87Sr(p,γ) 1.58-2.96 1.47-3.85[24]A0426 88Sr(p,γ) 1.38-4.94 1.47-3.85[25]O1054 89Y(p,γ) 1.76-4.83 1.51-3.91[26]O1182 90Zr(p,γ) 1.97-5.70 1.54-3.97[27]96Zr(p,γ) 3.50-6.00 1.54-3.97[28]C0556 93Nb(p,γ) 1.42-4.80 1.57-4.03[29]O0918 92Mo(p,γ) 1.48-3.00 1.60-4.08[30]A0653 94Mo(p,γ) 1.48-2.49 1.60-4.08[30]A0653 95Mo(p,γ) 1.70-3.00 1.60-4.08[30]A0653 98Mo(p,γ) 1.48-3.00 1.60-4.08[30]A0653 96Ru(p,γ) 1.65-3.37 1.66-4.20[31]A0654 98Ru(p,γ) 1.65-3.37 1.66-4.20[31]A0654 99Ru(p,γ) 1.46-3.37 1.66-4.20[31]A0654 100Ru(p,γ) 1.46-3.37 1.66-4.20[31]A0654 104Ru(p,γ) 1.65-3.37 1.66-4.20[31]A0654 102Pd(p,γ) 2.53-4.17 1.72-4.31[13]C0904 112Sn(p,γ) 3.00-8.50 1.84-4.52[28]C0556 116Sn(p,γ) 2.63-4.18 1.84-4.52[13]C0904 119Sn(p,γ) 2.80-6.00 1.84-4.52[28]C0556inclusion of photodissociation rates,and the calculation of those rates from(n,γ)reactions via detailed balance.Although KADoNiS is thought to be a”dynamic”database,which is updated regularly,a paper version will be published in2007.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Grants2024-067428.01and2000-105328.[1] B.Allen,J.Gibbons,and R.Macklin,Adv.Nucl.Phys.,4,(1971)205.[2]Z.Bao,and F.K¨a ppeler,At.Data Nucl.Data Tables36,(1987)411.[3]H.Beer,F.Voss,and R.Winters,Ap.J.Suppl.80,(1992)403.[4]Z.Bao,H.Beer,F.K¨a ppeler,F.Voss,K.Wisshak,and T.Rauscher,At.Data Nucl.DataTables76,(2000)70.[5]T.Rauscher and F.-K.Thielemann,At.Data Nucl.Data 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