Cold Chain Logistics报告

Cold Chain Logistics McDonald’s brilliantly articulated food chain, which extended from these outlets right up to farms all across India, makes its huge success. In 1996, when McDonald’s entered India, the company found a distribution agent who could act as a hub for all its vendors. Mumbai-based Radhakrishna Foodland Private (RFPL) was chosen for the job. The iceberg lettuce from Ooty, mutton patties from Hyderabad and sesame seed buns from Punjab were all delivered to RFPL’s distribution centre (cold storage) in its refrigerated vans. The distribution agent—RFPL stored products in controlled condition in its own cold storage, and then supplied them to McDonald’s outlets on its daily basis. The specially designed trucks maintained the temperature in the storage chamber throughout the journey to keep food freshness and adequate moisture content. Definition of cold chain Cold-chain logistics is a temperature-controlled storage and distribution network, used primarily for perishables. It includes refrigeration, freezing, warehousing, transportation, distribution, packaging, processing, multimodal transport and other series of value-added services Characteristics It adds refrigeration and freezing services during warehousing and transportation of products. It could keep products freshness , especially products like vegetables , fruits and uncooked meat. Cold chain logistics have very high condition for its facilities. For logistics companies , they must have cold storage and specially designed trucks or cold containers to provide these services. It need a large number of invested capital. Consequence  Cold-chain logistics investment cost is high  Operation cycle demand is very short  Operation needs to have strong technology  Food quality control is difficult  Cold-chain logistics operation still needs a lot of other special condition The competition of cold logistics (1) Consumer Tastes and behavior Understanding the consumer is the major issue for food retailers，consumers are becoming increasingly aware of their power and are consciously and subconsciously rolling in their “life values” with their purchases. (2) Institutional pressures and regulatory requirements Food scares, death and outbreaks of disease around the world in the 1990’s have triggered major revisions to food safety arrangements. (3) Environmental considerations (4) International and globalization influences (5) Political influences The background of AQL1 In 1999 they advanced the need for industry to have a through chain performance based quality cold chain logistics management system in order for our food exports to gain and maintain access to the quality end of the overseas food market. The definition of AQL1 AQL1（Australia Quality Logistics system）is a standard to maintain product quality and integrity during cold chain logistics. It is accepted by most countries in the world. To make your cold chain logistics more competitive , you must integrate cold chain quality logistics to make your performance standards accepted by the AQL1 technical group and accreditation issued. The requirement of AQL1 (1) Food safety (inside standard) The logistics company must provide correct temperature to keep food safe during warehousing and transportation. (2) Food security (outside) in the wake of the terrorism activities over the last two years, security fears about the movement of Freight have heightened. Not just food safety, but also outside, for instance, registration, record keeping. (3) Food quality There are a number of vendor supply management programs being applied or being developed in key overseas markets as well as Australia. The trend is to underpin any quality program with a HACCP plan. Self-assessment program checklists (united fresh fruit and vegetable vendor declaration program), HACCP based codes of practice (EUREP-GAP, Fresh Care, NZ Veg Fed), Full HACCP systems (SQF codes). (4) Cold chain logistics Much to be done by exporters and cold chain partners to manage the chain effectively, competitively and efficiently. Key buyers suggest that effective cold chain management will become a minimal requirement for supplier to meet within 5 years and will become a non-negotiable item. (5) Environment sustainability & Social acceptability The Eurep-Gap 2004 protocol for Fruit and Vegetables applied to farms has 210 control points; it goes from seed/nursery to transport to environment, waste and pollution, operator health, safety and welfare. We may well see the buyer preferring suppliers that over time suppliers of the modes’ relative impact on the environment. Transport companies that do not pay an acceptable wage to their staff or lack sound health and safety arrangement may be precluded in the future. New developments in the cold chain To reduce the time interval between harvesting, picking, slaughtering, capturing or milking, and cooling: this is called early refrigeration. This makes it possible to reduce water loss and to prevent multiplication of micro-organisms. Under optimal conditions, bacteria divide every 20 minutes: therefore, within 8 hours under optimal temperature conditions and where the medium is of optimal composition, one bacterium will have generated over 16 million descendants (more than the number of inhabitants in Paris and