Cisco Systems 思科 SWOT 2010

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Cisco Nexus 3048 交换机

产品手册Cisco Nexus 3048 交换机产品概述Cisco Nexus® 3048 交换机（图 1）是一个线速千兆以太网架顶式 (ToR) 交换机，属于 Cisco Nexus 3000 系列交换机产品组合。

Cisco Nexus 3048，具有紧凑单机架单元 (1RU) 封装以及集成的第 2 层和第 3 层交换功能，是现有Cisco Nexus 系列交换机的补充。

此交换机运行业内领先的 Cisco® NXOS 软件操作系统，可为客户提供在全球成千上万数据中心广泛部署的强劲特性和功能。

Cisco Nexus 3048 是需要将千兆以太网 ToR 交换机通过本地交换透明地连接到上游 Cisco Nexus 交换机以在在其数据中心提供端到端 Cisco Nexus 交换矩阵的大数据客户的理想之选。

此交换机支持具有交流和直流电源输入的前向和后向气流方案。

图 1. Cisco Nexus 3048 交换机主要优点Cisco Nexus 3048 的主要优势如下：●线速第 2 层和第 3 层交换◦在一个紧凑的 1RU 封装交换机中，提供高达每秒 176 千兆 (Gbps) 和 132 mpps 的第 2 层和第 3 层交换●为端到端 Cisco Nexus 交换矩阵专门设计的强劲思科 NX-OS 操作系统◦与 Cisco Nexus 系列交换机透明集成以提供一致的端到端 Cisco Nexus 交换矩阵◦为实现恢复能力构建的模块化操作系统◦与 Cisco Data Center Network Manager (DCNM) 和 XML 管理工具集成●全面的功能集和针对下一代数据中心的创新◦Virtual PortChannel (vPC) 通过消除生成树协议提供第 2 层多路径，并支持充分利用对分带宽和简化第 2 层逻辑拓扑，而无需更改现有管理和部署模式。

◦加电自动调配 (POAP) 实现交换机的无触摸启动和配置，显著降低了调配时间。

思科交换机路由器产品培训文档

Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series
交换机Cisco Caຫໍສະໝຸດ alyst 2960 Series
Feature Description Cisco Catalyst 2960PD-8TT-L 8 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 1 10/100/1000 PoE input port; compact size with no fan Cisco Catalyst 2960-8TC-L 8 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 1 dual-purpose uplink port (10/100/1000 or SFP); compact size with no fan Cisco Catalyst 2960-24TT-L 24 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 2 fixed Ethernet 10/100/1000 uplink ports Cisco Catalyst 2960-48TT-L 48 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 2 fixed Ethernet 10/100/1000 uplink ports Cisco Catalyst 2960-24LT-L 24 Ethernet 10/100 ports (PoE supported on 8 ports) and 2 fixed Ethernet 10/100/1000 uplink ports Cisco Catalyst 2960-24PC-L 24 Ethernet 10/100 PoE ports and 2 dual-purpose uplink ports Cisco Catalyst 2960-48PST-L 48 Ethernet 10/100 PoE ports with 2 fixed Ethernet 10/100/1000 uplinks and 2 SFP uplinks ports Cisco Catalyst 2960-24TC-L 24 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 2 dual-purpose uplink ports Cisco Catalyst 2960-48TC-L 48 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 2 dual-purpose uplink ports Cisco Catalyst 2960G-8TC-L 8 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports, 1 of which is dual-purpose; compact size with no fan Cisco Catalyst 2960G-24TC-L 24 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports,其中4个是光电复用 Cisco Catalyst 2960G-48-TC-L 48 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports, 其中4个是光电复用

Cisco Nexus 7700交换机

产品手册Cisco Nexus 7700 交换机产品概述Cisco Nexus® 7000 系列交换机是思科® 统一交换矩阵解决方案的基础。

这些交换机旨在满足关键任务数据中心的需求，可提供出色的可用性、卓越的可扩展性以及久经验证的全面 Cisco NX-OS 软件数据中心交换功能集。

Cisco Nexus 7700 交换机是 Cisco Nexus 7000 系列模块化交换机的最新扩展产品。

凭借 83 TB/秒 (Tbps) 的整体交换能力，Cisco Nexus 7700 交换机可提供行业内最高容量的 10、40 和 100 千兆以太网端口，以及最多 768 个本地10 Gbps 端口、384 个 40 Gbps 端口和 192 个 100 Gbps 端口。

此高系统性能旨在满足最大型云环境的可扩展需求。

Cisco Nexus 7700 交换机（图 1）的操作和功能与现有 Cisco Nexus 7000 系列交换机保持一致，采用了共同的系统架构，以及相同的特定应用集成电路 (ASIC) 技术和久经验证的 Cisco NX-OS 软件版本。

图 1. Cisco Nexus 7700 交换机功能和优点Cisco Nexus 7700 交换机由 Cisco NX-OS 支持，可交付全面的功能集并实现无间断运行，有以下两种机箱规格：●Cisco Nexus 7700 18 插槽交换机：具有 18 个前置模块插槽、采用自前而后气流的 18 插槽交换机，可实现整合的电缆管理●Cisco Nexus 7700 10 插槽交换机：具有 10 个前置模块插槽、采用自前而后气流的 10 插槽交换机，可实现整合的电缆管理系统可扩展的完全分布式交换矩阵架构可最多使用 6 个交换矩阵模块为 Cisco Nexus 7700 10 和 18 插槽交换机中的每个插槽提供最高 1.32 Tbps 的带宽，部署完毕即可使用。

思科 MDS 9710 多层导向器

产品手册思科 MDS 9710 多层导向器产品概述Cisco® MDS 9710 多层导向器（图 1）是导向器级 SAN 交换机，可在大型存储网络中部署，从而实现企业云和业务转型。

Cisco MDS 9710 可将一整套智能功能分层部署在与协议无关的高性能交换矩阵上，从而满足了大型虚拟数据中心存储环境的严苛要求：不妥协的高可用性、安全性、扩展能力、易管理性以及在高度灵活的数据中心SAN 解决方案中集成新技术的能力。

Cisco MDS 9710 与其他思科数据中心交换机共享相同的操作系统和管理界面，从而实现统一交换矩阵的无缝部署，同时提供高性能光纤通道、IBM 光纤连接 (FICON) 和以太网光纤通道 (FCoE)连接，有助于降低总拥有成本 (TCO)。

图 1. 思科 MDS 9710 多层导向器重要产品特性Cisco MDS 9710 的主要特点：●出色的 SAN 性能：16 Gbps 光纤通道交换模块结合第一代交换矩阵模块，为MDS 9710前端8个光纤通道交换模块提供每插槽1.5Tb的收发双方向的交换带宽。

此每插槽带宽是全线速 48 端口 16 Gbps 的光纤通道模块所需带宽的两倍。

基于中央仲裁和交叉式交换矩阵的 Cisco MDS 9710 架构，在所有流量状态下均可为机箱中的每个端口提供 16 Gbps 线速、无阻塞且可预测的性能。

◦ ◦●高可用性：Cisco MDS 9710 可提供出众的可用性和可靠性。

Cisco MDS 9710 是业界首个在所有主要组件上实现冗余导向器级交换机，甚至包括交换矩阵卡。

MDS9710可支持供电线路1+1冗余和监控引擎1+1冗余。

用户可以添加额外的交换矩阵卡，启用 N+1 交换矩阵冗余。

Cisco MDS 9710 结合了不间断软件升级、确定性的过程重启和故障切换，以及所有主要组件的完全冗余，从而实现同级别交换机的最佳可用性。

●行业领先的可扩展性：凭借高达 24 Tbps 的光纤通道系统带宽和 384 个 2/4/8 Gbps 、4/8/16 Gbps 或 10 Gbps全线速自动侦测光纤通道端口（单个机箱中）或 1152 个光纤通道端口（单个机架中），Cisco MDS 9710 提供行业领先的可扩展性，其设计旨在满足最大型的数据中心存储环境的要求。

TCL——客户关系及客情维护

顾客满意，经营顾客的心§理念篇§【破冰活动】管理小品心得分享◎分组与团队建立‧小组命名：‧精神口号：◎「管理小品」梅瑞特饭店心得分享思考方向……1.从客户关系管理及变革角度看本个案您的体会有些什么？2.依您工作岗位现状是否也有类似经验可供分享？※【管理小品】─梅瑞特饭店1989年11月的某天晚上，伊丽莎白‧莫瑞斯正在《梅瑞特饭店》的客房服务组值班。

傍晚时，伊丽莎白接到一通住在饭店内，一位到城里来出差的女房客电话。

她因为不想到餐厅用膳，所以打电话来点餐。

伊丽莎白依言登记下来，然后交待处理。

过了几分钟，这位女房客又打内线电话进来了。

这次是要取消订餐。

一般说来，客户取消订餐是很常见的事情，但是这一次，伊丽莎白总觉得有什么事情不太对劲。

《梅瑞特饭店》多年来一直致力于文化的改革，主要目的就是为了鼓励员工在面对问题时，能够独当一面，以客为尊。

由于受过这种专业的训练，所以在接到这通电话后，伊丽莎白考虑的不仅是商业上的观点，她甚至担心背后是不是还另有隐情。

所以她立即连络服务生领班来代她的班，然后亲自去拜访这位女房客。

敲开门后，她简短地介绍自己，以及来这里的目的，然后聆听房客的回答。

结果才发现，原来这位房客在点餐完后打电话回家，得知她母亲患了重病住在医院，恐怕熬不过今晚。

在与机场连系过后，沮丧地得知，她已赶不及最后一班飞机回家了。

由于伊丽莎白的机警，及时从房客来电取消订餐，听出那份苦恼的语气。

她立刻掌控全局，除了马上拨电话到机场，以《梅瑞特饭店集团》的名义负担班机延滞费而延下班机之外，同时还召来服务生，帮这位女房客整理行李，请门房召来出租车，直奔机场。

由于伊丽莎白的机警，让客户顺利赶赴母亲身旁，临终前见她最后一面。

※有效推动与拥抱变革◎ 3C时代•Customer 客户核心•Competition 竞争•Change 诡谲多变◎跳出思考陷阱，创新思考•过去经验陷阱•成功的陷阱•空间的陷阱•焦点/背景的陷阱•改变的省思◎ Lewin变革三步骤解冻→推动→再结冻(unfreezing) (movement) (refreezing)◎变革阶段模式否认抗拒接纳投入※客户满意行销观念的演进◎客户满意时代演进§60年代•追求数量•味觉触觉•产品时代•理性•生产技术§70年代•追求品质•嗅觉听觉•定位时代•理性+感性•品质提升§80年代•追求形象•视觉满足•VI/CI时代•感性•塑造形象§90年代•追求心灵•心灵满足•CS时代•互动•客户满意◎客户满意服务三阶段STEP１：•喜悦（客户导向的形式表面论）…被动／维持现状…未顾及“沉默的不满意者”STEP２：•觉醒（客户导向的主动积极论）…具主动关怀意识…强调“客户焦点”、“客户敏感度“STEP3：•献身（客户导向的策略伙伴论）…客户是公司〝策略性资产〞、“策略性伙伴”… TCI(Total Customer Integration)◎客户服务利益演进阶段主张DVP(Dominant ValueProposition) EVP(Extra ValueProposition)KVP(Key ValueProposition)说明独占价值主张额外价值主张关键价值主张观点制造商观点消费者观点目标市场观点客户理性消费感性消费感动消费目标制造者利润消费者满足人性的尊重产品实体产品延伸产品核心利益手段产品属性客户需求关键价值策略产品差异策略成本领导策略市场区隔策略服务品质策略价值差异策略服务价值策略附注独特销售主张最佳捕鼠器谬误附加价值逆转性社会观念行销数据库行销※顾客关系管理（CRM）的定义与趋势◎顾客关系管理（Customer Relationship Management）—是一种企业藉由积极深化与客户之间的关系，以掌握客户的讯息，同时利用此些客户信息，裁身定制不同的商业模式及策略运用，以满足个别客户的需求。

思科Catalyst3750交换机规格说明

Data SheetCisco Catalyst 3750 Series SwitchesThe Cisco® Catalyst® 3750 Series switches are innovative switches that improve LAN operating efficiency by combining industry-leading ease of use and the highest resiliency available for stackable switches. This product series features Cisco StackWise™ technology which is a 32 Gbps stack interconnect that allows customers to build a unified, highly resilient switching system-one switch at a time.Figure 1. Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches for 10/100 and 10/100/1000 Access and AggregationFigure 2. Cisco Catalyst 3750-24PS and Cisco Catalyst 3750-48PS Switches with IEEE 802.3af PowerFigure 3. Cisco Catalyst 3750-16TD SwitchFigure 4. Cisco Catalyst 3750G-48TS Switch, Cisco Catalyst 3750G-48PS Switch with IEEE 802.3af Power, Cisco Catalyst 3750G-24TS-1U Switch, and Cisco Catalyst 3750G-24PS Switch with IEEE 802.3af PowerPRODUCT OVERVIEWFor midsized organizations and enterprise branch offices, the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series eases deployment of converged applications and adapts to changing business needs by providing configuration flexibility, support for converged network patterns, and automation of intelligent network-services configurations. In addition, the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series is optimized for high-density Gigabit Ethernet deployments and includes a diverse range of switches that meet access, aggregation, or small-network backbone-connectivity requirements.CONFIGURATIONSThe Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series includes the following configurations:Cisco Catalyst 3750G-24TS-24 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports and 4 Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) uplinksCisco Catalyst 3750G-24T-24 Ethernet 10/100/1000 portsCisco Catalyst 3750G-12S-12 Gigabit Ethernet SFP portsCisco Catalyst 3750-48TS-48 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 4 SFP uplinksCisco Catalyst 3750-24TS-24 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 2 SFP uplinksCisco Catalyst 3750-48PS-48 Ethernet 10/100 ports with IEEE 802.3af and Cisco prestandard Power over Ethernet (PoE)and 4 SFP uplinksCisco Catalyst 3750-24PS-24 Ethernet 10/100 ports with IEEE 802.3af and Cisco prestandard PoE and 2 SFP uplinksCisco Catalyst 3750-24FS-24 100BASE-FX Ethernet ports and 2 SFP uplinksCisco Catalyst 3750G-16TD-16 Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports and one 10 Gigabit Ethernet XENPAK uplinkCisco Catalyst 3750G-24TS-1U-24 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports and 4 SFP uplinks, 1-rack unit (RU) heightCisco Catalyst 3750G-24PS-24 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports with IEEE 802.3af and Cisco prestandard PoE and 4 SFP uplinks Cisco Catalyst 3750G-48TS-48 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports and 4 SFP uplinksCisco Catalyst 3750G-48PS-48 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports with IEEE 802.3af and Cisco prestandard PoE and 4 SFP uplinks Cisco Catalyst 3750G-24WS-24 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports with 2 SFP uplinks and in Integrated Wireless LAN ControllerCisco Catalyst 3750 Series is available with either the IP Base Image or the IP Services Image. The IP Base Image feature set includes advanced quality of service (QoS), rate-limiting, access control lists (ACLs), and basic static and Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routing capability. The IP Services Image provides a richer set of enterprise-class features including advanced hardware-based IP unicast and multicast routing.An additional Advanced IP Services license is also available. This license is required for IPv6 routing (layer 3 switching).Cisco StackWise Technology-A New Standard in Stackable ResiliencyCisco StackWise technology is a premium stacking architecture optimized for Gigabit Ethernet. This technology is designed to respond to additions, deletions, and redeployment while maintaining constant performance. Cisco StackWise technology unites up to nine individual Cisco Catalyst 3750 switches into a single logical unit, using special stack-interconnect cables and stacking software. The stack behaves as a single switching unit that is managed by a master switch elected from one of the member switches. The master switch automatically creates and updates all the switching and optional routing tables. A working stack can accept new members or delete old ones without service interruption.KEY FEATURES AND BENEFITSEase of Use-”Plug-and-Play” ConfigurationA working stack is self-managing and self-configuring. When switches are added or removed, the master switch automatically loads the Cisco IOS® Software version running on the stack to the new switch, loads the global configuration parameters, and updates all the routing tables to reflect changes. Upgrades are applied universally and simultaneously to all members of the stack.The Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series stacks up to nine switches as a single logical unit for a total of 468 Ethernet or PoE 10/100 ports, or 468 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports or PoE 10/100/1000 ports, or nine 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports. Individual 10/100, 10/100/1000, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet units may be joined in any combination to evolve with network needs.Return on Investment through Lower Operations CostsThe automatic Cisco IOS Software version checking and loading of the global configuration parameters provide the first level of operational time saving. The second level is added during the event of an outage. When you remove a troubled switch from an existing stack of switches, and replace it with another switch, the master switch will recognize this as a maintenance outage and automatically reload the port-level configuration that was on the previous switch without user intervention. This allows IT managers to have local personnel in remote locations perform maintenance tasks instead of sending costly technicians out for a few minutes of work, thus saving thousands of dollars in operational costs.Mix-and-Match Switch Types-Pay as You Expand Your NetworkStacks can be created with any combination of Cisco Catalyst 3750 switches. Customers who need a mixture of 10/100 and 10/100/1000 ports, PoE, and wiring-closet aggregation capability can incrementally develop the access environment, paying only for what they need. When uplink capacity needs to be increased, you can easily upgrade your bandwidth by adding a 10 Gigabit Ethernet version to the stack and upgrade your 1 Gigabit Ethernet links with 10 Gigabit Ethernet on the existing fiber.Integrated Wireless LAN ControllerThe Cisco® Catalyst® 3750G Integrated Wireless LAN Controller integrates wireless LAN controller functions into the Cisco Catalyst 3750G Series Switches and delivers improved operating efficiency and WLAN security, mobility and ease of use for business-critical wireless LANs. The Cisco Catalyst 3750G Integrated Wireless LAN Controller delivers centralized security policies, wireless intrusion prevention system (IPS) capabilities, award-winning RF management, QoS, and Layer 3 fast secure roaming for WLANs. As a core component of the Cisco Unified Wireless Network, the Cisco Catalyst 3750G Integrated Wireless LAN Controller provides the control, security, redundancy, and reliability that network managers need to scale and manage their wireless networks as easily as they scale and manage their traditional wired networks.Availability-Uninterrupted Performance at Layer 2 and Layer 3The Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series increases availability for stackable switches. Each switch can operate both as master controller and forwarding processor. Each switch in the stack can serve as a master, creating a 1:N availability scheme for network control. In the unlikely event of a single unit failure, all other units continue to forward traffic and maintain operation.Smart Multicast-A New Level of Efficiency for Converged NetworksWith Cisco StackWise technology, the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series offers greater efficiency for multicast applications such as video. Each data packet is put onto the backplane only once, which provides more effective support for more data streams.Superior Quality of Service-Across the Stack and at Wire SpeedThe Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series offers Gigabit Ethernet speed with intelligent services that keep everything flowing smoothly—even at 10 times the normal network speed. Industry-leading mechanisms for marking, classification, and scheduling deliver best-in-class performance for data, voice, and video traffic-all at wire speed.Network Security-Granular Control for the Access EnvironmentThe Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series supports a comprehensive set of security features for connectivity and access control, including ACLs, authentication, port-level security, and identity-based network services with 802.1x and extensions. This set of comprehensive features not only helps prevent external attacks, but defends the network against “man-in-the-middle” attacks, a primary concern in today’s business environment.Single IP Management-Many Switches, One AddressEach Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series stack is managed as a single object and has a single IP address. Single IP management is supported for activities such as fault detection, VLAN creation and modification, network security, and QoS controls.Jumbo Frames-Support for High-Demand ApplicationsThe Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series supports jumbo frames on the 10/100/1000 configurations for advanced data and video applications requiring very large frames.IPv6 SupportThe Catalyst 3750 Series supports IPv6 routing in hardware for maximum performance. As network devices grow and the need for larger addressing and higher security become critical, the Catalyst 3750 Series will be ready to meet the requirement.Standard PoE Support-Graceful Addition of IP CommunicationsThe Cisco Catalyst 3750 and 3750G PoE models support Cisco IP phones and Cisco Aironet® wireless LAN (WLAN) access points, as well as any IEEE 802.3af-compliant end device. The Catalyst 3750 and 3750G 24-port versions can support 24 simultaneous full-powered PoE ports at 15.4 watts (W) for maximum powered device support. The 48-port versions can deliver the necessary power to support 24 ports at 15.4W, 48 ports at 7.7W, or any combination in between.10 Gigabit Ethernet Support-Increase Uplink Bandwidth for Gigabit Ethernet DeploymentsThe Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series allows network managers to incrementally add IEEE 802.3ae compliant 10 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity in their wiring closets or GRID clusters, further facilitating and enhancing Gigabit Ethernet networks. This provides investment protection to customers who wish to use their existing fiber plant, add uplink bandwidth capacity to their switching stacks, and who want to provide higher performance to applications and users.Management OptionsThe Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series (Figure 5) offers both a superior command-line interface (CLI) for detailed configuration and Cisco Network Assistant Software, a Web-based tool for quick configuration based on preset templates. In addition, CiscoWorks supports the Catalyst 3750 Series for network wide management. Table 1 lists the features and benefits of the Catalyst 3750 Series.Figure 5. Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series SwitchesTable 1. Features and BenefitsFeature BenefitEase of Use and Deployment Autoconfiguration of new stack units eliminates reconfiguration.Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) autoconfiguration of multiple switches through a boot server easesswitch deployment.Automatic Cisco IOS Software version checking and updating helps ensure that all stack members have the samesoftware version.Automatic QoS (AutoQoS) simplifies QoS configuration in voice over IP (VoIP) networks by issuing interface andglobal switch commands to detect Cisco IP phones, classify traffic, and help enable egress queue configuration.Master configuration management helps ensure that all switches are automatically upgraded when the master switchreceives a new software version.Autosensing on each non-SFP port detects the speed of the attached device and automatically configures the port for10-, 100-, or 1000-Mbps operation, easing switch deployment in mixed 10, 100, and 1000BASE-T environments.Autonegotiating on all ports automatically selects half- or full-duplex transmission mode to optimize bandwidth.Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) facilitates dynamic trunk configuration across all switch ports.Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) automates the creation of Cisco Fast EtherChannel® groups or GigabitEtherChannel groups to link to another switch, router, or server.Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) allows the creation of Ethernet channeling with devices that conform toIEEE 802.3ad. This feature is similar to Cisco EtherChannel technology and PAgP.DHCP Relay allows a DHCP relay agent to broadcast DHCP requests to the network DHCP server.IEEE 802.3z-compliant 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX/LH, 1000BASE-ZX, 1000BASE-T, and CWDM physical-interface support through a field-replaceable SFP module provides unprecedented flexibility in switch deployment.To help ensure that the switch can be quickly connected to the network and can pass traffic with minimal userintervention, there is a default configuration stored in Flash memory.Automatic media-dependent interface crossover (MDIX) automatically adjusts transmit and receive pairs if an incorrectcable type (cross-over or straight-through) is installed.Availability and ScalabilitySuperior Redundancy for Fault Backup 1:N master redundancy allows each stack member to serve as a master, providing the highest reliability for forwarding. Cisco CrossStack UplinkFast (CSUF) technology provides increased redundancy and network resiliency through fast spanning-tree convergence (less than 2 seconds) across a switch stack with Cisco StackWise technology.Cross-Stack EtherChannel provides the ability to configure Cisco EtherChannel technology across different members of the stack for high resiliency.IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) provides rapid spanning-tree convergence independent of spanning-tree timers and also offers the benefit of distributed processing.Stacked units behave as a single spanning-tree node.Per-VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree (PVRST+) allows rapid spanning-tree reconvergence on a per-VLAN spanning-tree basis, without requiring the implementation of spanning-tree instances.Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is supported to create redundant, failsafe routing topologies.Unidirectional Link Detection Protocol (UDLD) and Aggressive UDLD allow unidirectional links caused by incorrect fiber-optic wiring or port faults to be detected and disabled on fiber-optic interfaces.Switch-port autorecovery (errdisable) automatically attempts to reactivate a link that is disabled because of a network error.Cisco RPS 675 Redundant Power System support provides superior power-source redundancy for up to 6 Cisco networking devices, resulting in improved fault tolerance and network uptime.Equal-cost routing for load balancing and redundancy.Bandwidth aggregation up to 16 Gbps through 10 Gigabit EtherChannel technology, 8 Gbps through GigabitFeature BenefitEtherChannel technology, and up to 800 Mbps through Fast EtherChannel technology enhances fault toleranceand offers higher-speed aggregated bandwidth between switches and to routers and individual servers.Uplink bandwidth can be easily upgraded by adding a 10 Gigabit Ethernet version to a wiring-closet stack andreplacing the 1 Gigabit Ethernet uplinks with 10 Gigabit Ethernet without having to change fiber pairs.High-Performance IP Routing Cisco Express Forwarding hardware routing architecture delivers extremely high-performance IP routing.Basic IP unicast routing protocols (static, Routing Information Protocol Version 1 [RIPv1], and RIPv2) are supported forsmall-network routing applications.IPv6 routing support in hardware for maximum performance. The Advanced IP Services License is required.Advanced IP unicast routing protocols (Open Shortest Path First [OSPF], Interior Gateway Routing Protocol [IGRP],Enhanced IGRP [EIGRP], and Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 [BGPv4]) are supported for load balancing andconstructing scalable LANs. The IP Services Image is required.Policy-based routing (PBR) allows superior control by facilitating flow redirection regardless of the routing protocolconfigured. The IP Services Image is required.HSRP provides dynamic load balancing and failover for routed links, up to 32 HSRP links supported per unit or stack.Inter-VLAN IP routing for full Layer 3 routing between 2 or more VLANs.Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) for IP multicast routing is supported, including PIM sparse mode (PIM-SM), PIMdense mode (PIM-DM), and PIM sparse-dense mode. The IP Services Image is required.Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) tunneling interconnects 2 multicast-enabled networks acrossnonmulticast networks. The IP Services Image is required.Fallback bridging forwards non-IP traffic between 2 or more VLANs. The IP Services Image is required.Routing is possible across the stack.128 switch virtual interfaces (SVIs) are recommended. Maximum of 1000 are supported (depending on the number ofroutes and multicast entries). 468 routed ports are supported per stack.Integrated Cisco IOS Software Features for Bandwidth Optimization Per-port broadcast, multicast, and unicast storm control prevents faulty end stations from degrading overall systems performance.IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol support for redundant backbone connections and loop-free networks simplifies network configuration and improves fault tolerance.PVST+ allows for Layer 2 load sharing on redundant links to efficiently use the extra capacity inherent in a redundant design.IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol allows a spanning-tree instance per VLAN, for Layer 2 load sharing on redundant links.Equal-cost routing facilitates Layer 3 load balancing and redundancy across the stack. The IP Services Image is required.Local Proxy Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) works in conjunction with Private VLAN Edge to minimize broadcasts and maximize available bandwidth.VLAN1 minimization allows VLAN1 to be disabled on any individual VLAN trunk link.VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) pruning limits bandwidth consumption on VTP trunks by flooding broadcast traffic only on trunk links required to reach the destination devices.Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping provides fast client joins and leaves of multicast streams and limits bandwidth-intensive video traffic to only the requestors.Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) continuously sends multicast streams in a multicast VLAN while isolating the streams from subscriber VLANs for bandwidth and security reasons.Up to 48 EtherChannel groups are supported per stack.Scalable Stacking Cisco StackWise stacking creates a 32 Gbps switch interconnection. Stacking does not require user ports. Up to 9units can be stacked together for a maximum of 468 10/100 ports, 468 10/100/1000 ports, 108 optical aggregationports, nine 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports, or any mix thereof.QoS and ControlAdvanced QoS Cross-stack QoS allows QoS to be configured across the entire stack.802.1p class of service (CoS) and differentiated services code point (DSCP) field classification are provided, usingmarking and reclassification on a per-packet basis by source and destination IP address, source and destination MACaddress, or Layer 4 Transmission Control Protocol/User Datagram Protocol (TCP/UDP) port number.Cisco control-plane and data-plane QoS ACLs on all ports help ensure proper marking on a per-packet basis.4 egress queues per port help enable differentiated management of up to 4 traffic types across the stack.Shaped Round Robin (SRR) scheduling helps ensure differential prioritization of packet flows by intelligently servicingthe ingress queues and egress queues.Weighted Tail Drop (WTD) provides congestion avoidance at the ingress and egress queues before a disruptionoccurs.Strict priority queuing helps ensure that the highest-priority packets are serviced ahead of all other traffic.There is no performance penalty for highly granular QoS capability.Granular Rate Limiting Cisco committed information rate (CIR) function provides bandwidth in increments as low as 8 Kbps.Feature BenefitRate limiting is provided based on source and destination IP address, source and destination MAC address, Layer 4TCP/UDP information, or any combination of these fields, using QoS ACLs (IP ACLs or MAC ACLs), class maps, andpolicy maps.Asynchronous data flows upstream and downstream from the end station or on the uplink are easily managed usingingress policing and egress shaping.Up to 64 aggregate or individual policers are available per Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet port.Network SecurityNetworkwide Security Features IEEE 802.1x allows dynamic, port-based security, providing user authentication.IEEE 802.1x with VLAN assignment allows a dynamic VLAN assignment for a specific user regardless of wherethe user is connected.IEEE 802.1x with voice VLAN permits an IP phone to access the voice VLAN irrespective of the authorized or unauthorized state of the port.IEEE 802.1x and port security are provided to authenticate the port and manage network access for all MAC addresses, including that of the client.IEEE 802.1x with an ACL assignment allows for specific identity-based security policies regardless of where the user is connected.IEEE 802.1x with guest VLAN allows guests without 802.1x clients to have limited network access on the guest VLAN. Cisco security VLAN ACLs on all VLANs prevent unauthorized data flows from being bridged within VLANs.Cisco standard and extended IP security router ACLs define security policies on routed interfaces for control-plane and data-plane traffic.Port-based ACLs for Layer 2 interfaces allow security policies to be applied on individual switch ports.Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol, Kerberos, and Simple Network Management Protocol Version 3 (SNMPv3) provide network security by encrypting administrator traffic during Telnet and SNMP sessions. SSH Protocol, Kerberos,and the cryptographic version of SNMPv3 require a special cryptographic software image because of U.S. export restrictions.Private VLAN Edge provides security and isolation between switch ports, which helps ensure that users cannot snoop on other users’ traffic.Dynamic ARP Inspection helps ensure user integrity by preventing malicious users from exploiting the insecure nature of the ARP protocol.DHCP Snooping prevents malicious users from spoofing a DHCP server and sending out bogus addresses. This feature is used by other primary security features to prevent a number of other attacks such as ARP poisoning.IP source guard prevents a malicious user from spoofing or taking over another user’s IP address by creating a binding table between client’s IP and MAC address, port, and VLAN.Bidirectional data support on the Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) port allows Cisco Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to take action when an intruder is detected.TACACS+ and RADIUS authentication facilitate centralized control of the switch and restrict unauthorized users from altering the configuration.MAC address notification allows administrators to be notified of users added to or removed from the network.DHCP Snooping helps administrators with consistent mapping of IP to MAC addresses. This can be used to prevent attacks that attempt to poison the DHCP binding database, and to rate-limit the amount of DHCP traffic that enters a switch port.Port security secures the access to an access or trunk port based on MAC address.After a specific timeframe, the aging feature removes the MAC address from the switch to allow another device to connect to the same port.Trusted boundary provides the ability to trust the QoS priority settings if an IP phone is present and to disable the trust setting in the event that the IP phone is removed, thereby preventing a malicious user from overriding prioritization policies in the network.Multilevel security on console access prevents unauthorized users from altering the switch configuration.The user-selectable address-learning mode simplifies configuration and enhances security.Bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) guard shuts down Spanning Tree PortFast-enabled interfaces when BPDUs are received to avoid accidental topology loops.Spanning Tree Root Guard (STRG) prevents edge devices not in the network administrator’s control from becoming Spanning Tree Protocol root nodes.IGMP filtering provides multicast authentication by filtering out nonsubscribers and limits the number of concurrent multicast streams available per port.Dynamic VLAN assignment is supported through implementation of VLAN Membership Policy Server client capability to provide flexibility in assigning ports to VLANs. Dynamic VLAN facilitates the fast assignment of IP addresses.Cisco CMS Software security wizards ease the deployment of security features for restricting user access to a server as well as to a portion or all of the network.1000 access control entries (ACEs) are supported.ManageabilityFeature BenefitSuperior Manageability Cisco IOS CLI support provides common user interface and command set with all Cisco routers and Cisco Catalystdesktop switches.Switching Database Manager templates for access, routing, and VLAN deployment allow the administrator to easilymaximize memory allocation to the desired features based on deployment-specific requirements.VLAN trunks can be created from any port, using either standards-based 802.1Q tagging or the Cisco Inter-SwitchLink (ISL) VLAN architecture.Up to 1005 VLANs per switch or stack and up to 128 Spanning-Tree instances per switch are supported.4000 VLAN IDs are supported.Voice VLAN simplifies telephony installations by keeping voice traffic on a separate VLAN for easier administrationand troubleshooting.Cisco VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) supports dynamic VLANs and dynamic trunk configuration across all switches.Cisco Group Management Protocol server functions allow a switch to serve as the Cisco Group Management Protocolrouter for client switches. The IP Services Image is required.IGMP snooping provides fast client joins and leaves of multicast streams and limits bandwidth-intensive video traffic toonly the requestors.Remote Switch Port Analyzer (RSPAN) allows administrators to remotely monitor ports in a Layer 2 switch networkfrom any other switch in the same network.For enhanced traffic management, monitoring, and analysis, the Embedded Remote Monitoring (RMON) softwareagent supports 4 RMON groups (history, statistics, alarms, and events).Layer 2 traceroute eases troubleshooting by identifying the physical path that a packet takes from source todestination.All 9 RMON groups are supported through a SPAN port, which permits traffic monitoring of a single port, a groupof ports, or the entire stack from a single network analyzer or RMON probe.Domain Name System (DNS) provides IP-address resolution with user-defined device names.Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) reduces the cost of administering software upgrades by downloading froma centralized location.Network Timing Protocol (NTP) provides an accurate and consistent timestamp to all intranet switches.Multifunction LEDs per port for port status; half-duplex and full-duplex mode; and 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and1000BASE-T indication as well as switch-level status LEDs for system, redundant-power supply, and bandwidthutilization provide a comprehensive and convenient visual management system.SPAN works across all the ports in a stack.Cisco Network Assistant Software Cisco Network Assistant Software provides an easy-to-use, Web-based management interface through a standard Web browser.Simplified port configuration via Cisco Smartports.Cisco AVVID (Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data) wizards need just a few user inputs to automatically configure the switch to optimally manage different types of traffic: voice, video, multicast, and high-priority data.A security wizard is provided to restrict unauthorized access to applications, servers, and networks.Cisco Network Assistant Software allows management of up to 16 interconnected Cisco Catalyst 3750, Catalyst 3550, Catalyst 3500 XL, Catalyst 2950, Catalyst 2950 LRE, Catalyst 2900 XL, Catalyst 2900 LRE XL, and Catalyst 1900 series switches through a single IP address, without the limitation of being physically located in the same wiring closet. Full backward compatibility helps ensure any combination of these switches can be managed with a Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switch.The cluster software upgrade feature allows 1-click software upgrade across an entire cluster of Cisco Catalyst 3750, Catalyst 3550, Catalyst 2950, Catalyst 2950 LRE, Catalyst 3500 XL, Catalyst 2900 XL, Catalyst 2900 LRE XL, and Catalyst 1900 series switches. Configuration cloning facilitates rapid deployment of networks. The master switch automatically upgrades each stack.Cisco Network Assistant Software has been extended to include multilayer feature configurations such as routing protocols, ACLs, and QoS parameters.Cisco clustering now supports member discovery and cluster creation across a single Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series switch routed hop, allowing the entire LAN to be managed through a single Web interface (and with a single IP address, if desired).Cisco Network Assistant Software Guide Mode assists in the configuration of powerful advanced features by providing step-by-step instructions.Cisco Network Assistant Software provides enhanced online help for context-sensitive assistance.The easy-to-use graphical interface provides both a topology map and front-panel view of the cluster and stacks.Multidevice and multiport configuration capabilities allow administrators to save time by configuring features across multiple switches and ports simultaneously.Web-based management for a Cisco Aironet wireless access point is launched by clicking the relevant icon in the topology map.The user-personalized interface allows modification of polling intervals, table views, and other settings within Cisco CMS Software and retains these settings.Alarm notification provides automated e-mail notification of network errors and alarm thresholds.。

外文文献原文

HENAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING文献翻译题目设备更新的技术经济分系学生姓名冯军峰专业班级工业工程 1042 学号201011104211系（部）管理工程学院指导教师(职称)朱伟完成时间 2014 年 2 月 20 日Technology Hardware and Equipment Industry1. AbstractThe technology hardware and equipment industry is very lucrative and ever evolving. ACER is one of the biggest players in the industry and has undergone several changes in its 34 years of existence. The rate at which it has been growing is a marvel to many. Its headquarters being in Taiwan which is of no known significance in the committee of big economies and tremendous impact on the global stage from there has made its strategy to be revered. ACER's products are for the cost conscious individuals although they are not known for quality.This report looks into the several changes that have occurred in ACER and how it dealt with them. It further examines its business strategy and IS strategy. Based on the several analyses made such as, SWOT, Ansoff and PESTLE, recommendations were made and future directions proffere2. IntroductionTechnology is the application of science to profitable use, which in most cases is solving an industrial problem. However, in modern parlance and to a lay man, technology is a term used to describe equipment or electronic devices for work or leisure. The phrase 'latest technology' is mostly used to describe digital equipment with the most recent mind blowing feature which in most cases become outdated after just a few months or years.The Technology hardware and equipment market is an ever growing industry with a constant need for expansion due to high demand for technology products. Owing to this, one of the most vibrant sectors in the world's most developed economies is usually the technology hardware and equipment market. Quoted companies in this sector experience high volumes of trade in stock exchanges in these leading economies.ACER is a company in the technology hardware and equipment industry that has gone through and surmounted many challenges in its 34 years of existence. ACER is the fastest growing among the big computer brands (Woyke 2010). In this report, we are going to look into the background of technology hardware and equipment market, overview and history of ACER, business description and organisational structure. In addition, we will examine the effect of cultural change, IS/IT Strategy and current market strategies Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis, PESTLE and recommendations based on a Ansoff analysis and future directions of ACER.3. Technology Hardware and equipment MarketTechnology hardware and equipment industry is one that influences our daily lives. It is practically unimaginable in the present dynamic and fast pacing society to go a whole day without using equipment from this industry; ranging from mobile phones to PDA's and laptops. Owing to the insatiable wants of humans for a better and easier life, the technology industry is constantly evolving, developing new, more efficient and cost effective ways to deliver equipment to better their lot. Hence, the size of the industry keeps growing and is even in need for more players.Technology hardware and equipment industry can be defined as a market that deals with electronicequipment and gadgets, computers and their peripherals, communication equipment and other office electronics. The market value reflects end users spending (Datamonitor. 2009a).Some of the big players in the technology and hardware industry include Hewlett-Packard, International Business Machines corporation, Dell computer (Datamonitor. 2009a)corporation and of course, ACER which is the rising giant.The computer hardware and peripheral segment is the most lucrative in this industry accounting for about 38.2% of the industry's global value, electronic equipment and instruments, 36.4%, communication equipment, 18.4% and office electronics 7.0%. Figure 1 shows the share of the various devices in the technology hardware and equipment market.However, due to the recession and hence slashes in IT budgets of several companies in 2009 there was a decline of about 8.1% in the growth rate in this industry. Albeit the economic decline, innovations in technology and the need to upgrade equipment will boost and revive the industry in the nearest future. Table 1 below shows the annual growth rate of the technology hardware and equipment market. Before the recession, the CAGR was 5.9%, after the recession it slumped to 3.1%. Nonetheless, before then there was an average steady growth rate of about 1.98%, this shows the industry has potential.Hewlett-Packard company accounts for 5.3% of the global technology hardware and equipmentindustry's group value (Datamonitor. 2009a).However, ACER now sells 13.4% of the world's PCs, ahead of Dell's 12.4% but far behindHewlett-Packard's 21% (Bruce and Tim 2010). The pie chart in figure 2 below shows the market share of IBM, HP, Dell, ACER and others which like apple, nokia, LG, NEC, Sony etc.In recent times, Asia-Pacific has shown a high demand for technology hardware and equipment. America, the United States in particular has been the world's major consumer and producer of this industry's equipment. Production however, is shifting to the Asia region because of the cheap cost of labour. Europe's share of the market is about 28.79%. The others just trail behind, especially Africa where the illiteracy level is high and therefore the market cannot thrive. Below is a table that shows the global technology hardware and equipment industry group's value.4. History of ACERMr. Stan Shih, together with his wife, Ms. Carolyn Yeh, and five other partners co-founded Acer in 1976. Acer was originally known as Multitech. The company designed Taiwan's first mass produced computer product for export in 1976 and by 1985, the company began its expansion into overseas markets by setting up branch offices in Japan and Germany. Soon after, in 1990, the company acquired Altos, a manufacturer of UNIX computer systems. This was followed, in 1997, by the acquisition of Texas Instruments' mobile computing business.In 2000, Acer established its design and manufacturing services and Acer brand operations units and separated its original equipment manufacturing (OEM) and branded businesses from these units. In 2007 Acer acquired Gateway, one of the largest PC companies in the USA. In January 2008, Acer's subsidiaries, Acer Europe and Gateway acquired a controlling stake in PB Holding Company, the parent company of Packard Bell. In February 2008, the company announced its intention to launch low cost PCs. In June 2008, Acer launched Aspire one, the company's first Internet device. Aspire one is a communication device designed to provide mobile and wireless experience through continuous access to the Internet. In the next month, the company appointed Hsueh J. Sung to its board of directors. In June 2009, Acer joined Open Handset Alliance, a group of mobile and technology leaders who work towardschanging the mobile experience for consumers. Acer also announced plans to launch smart phones based on the Android, an open mobile platform of the alliance, in the fourth quarter of 2009. In the same month, Acer announced plans to launch its first Aspire One net book featuring the Android operating system to offer users wireless internet capability, in the fourth quarter of 2009(Datamonitor. 2009b).5. Business DescriptionACER is committed to developing easy-to-use and dependable products that meet customers' needs at the most affordable rates. Its long-term mission is Breaking the barriers between people and technology through the creation of empowering hardware, software and services (ACER-GROUP 2010a). It offers three main categories of products;∙computer peripherals∙consumer electronic productsPresently Acer is comprised of four different brands in which its products are sold. They are: ∙Acer∙Packard Bell∙eMachine and∙Gateway.These four brands produce different types of electronic products with distinguished brand characteristics to meet varying customer needs. The company operates in Taiwan, Europe, Asia, and North America. Its headquarters is in Taipei, Taiwan and employs about 7,000 people (ACER-GROUP 2010a).ACER is popular for its netbooks and aspire notebooks which are relatively affordable. Its other products include: servers and storage products, mp3 players, monitors etc. Services include business solutions and communication and technology solutions.Its products are sold by leading retailers, e-tailers and channel partners in Europe, Asia and America.In the bid to build a global reputation ACER has partnered with many international companies which include; CISCO systems, IBM, Hitachi, Yahoo, General Electric and many other companies. These alliances have helped ACER acquire a number of companies in markets such as Mexico and other developing countries and also introduced ground breaking innovations such as Acer-Hitachi SMS 100, a storage device designed for the needs of SMEs. ACER has helped potential businesses such as Pack OS to grow, and also gotten some patent litigations, that of HP being the most popular.Below is a diagram showing the market share of ACER and other big players in the world wide notebook market. As seen below ACER's rising profile from 2003 to quarter 1, 2010 has been relatively stable despite the economic down turn in 2009.5.1 SWOT ANALYSISACER is involved in the manufacturing of electronic hardware. It does the research, design and also distribution of its products. The four strong brands in which ACER operates under gives it versatility and thus an advantage over the other companies in the technology hardware and equipment market. Also, ACER's presence and growth in the net book market makes it a force to reckon with. Nonetheless, strong competition and innovations such as iPad by apple in the note book market could influence its market share and effective performance. The objective of every profit making venture is to get a higher return oninvestment and to have an edge over its competitors. To achieve this ACER must have a higher patronage from technology hardware consumers.5.1.1 Strengths∙Strong corporate culture. The key elements here being it offers a clear corporate vision; it is supported by corporate values consistent with the aims of the company and aligned with thepersonal values of organization members; a high value is placed on employees at all levels and there is extensive employee interaction across many levels; and the culture is adaptable, adjusting to external conditions, and consistent, treating all employees equally and fairly (El-Nadi 2010).∙Alliances for potential development. ACER has deals with a number of companies such as CISCO systems, IBM, Hitachi, Yahoo, General Electric etc. With these partnerships ACER has brought about great innovations as well as created room for expansion of its business. In addition, it has helped in building its brand name and put it on a global pedestal. Having acquired Gateway in 2007 and Packard Bell in 2008, there seem to be more prospects in sight for acquisition.∙Strong financial position. At the moment ACER has consolidated revenue of $5.1 billion for the first quarter of 2010 and operating income of $137.8 million (ACER Group 2010). This gives it the financial backing to implement whatever innovations and ideas to give it an edge over itscompetitors.∙Supporting employee participation and ideas. Employees are given the free will to makesuggestions and give ideas they think will better a product or yield higher efficiency of the system.5.1.2 Weaknesses∙Uniformity in culture and demography across acquired companies. Inducing the ACERcorporate culture and values in the acquired companies is tasking and demanding. Since it cuts across several continents with different demographies and cultures ACER may as well allow them to continue if the system is efficient.∙Managing its growth. Due to the rate at which ACER is growing coordination might seem a little tasking. Looking at the organisational structure in figure 4 although the subsidiaries aresemi-autonomous if there is a lawsuit to be attended to in China; it has to go to the corporateheadquarters in Taiwan first before it can be tackled.∙Limited operating income. ACER presently has an operating income of $137.8 million, this is only a fraction of the biggest player in the market HP whose net income for same period is $2.3 billion∙Dependence on the European market. Bulk of ACERs income comes from Europe especially UK. Between 2007 and 2009, an average of 51% of its revenue came from this region. With the uncertainty of UK's economy, there will be hampering of its forecasts.5.1.3 Opportunities∙Economic recovery. Many companies cut their IT budgets in 2009 due to the economic down turn. However, in 2010 the economy has started improving and will likely have an effect oncompanies which might increase their IT budgets. Hence, there is likely to be a massive purchase of computer hardware.∙Growing knowledge of IT and internet. The internet has become part of everyday's life.E-commerce and e-tailing have revolutionised the internet and there is a growing need for computer hard wares. Using Nigeria as an example, between 2000 and 2010 the growth of internet users has grown from a meagre 0.1% to about 16% of the population.∙Growing smart phone market. Today smart phones can be used to do just about anything a PC does. Smart phones can now be used to pay bills and even make purchases.∙Development of software with varying capabilities. ACER is in a unique position, haven been trusted for relatively cheap and reliable product. This trust can be harnessed by building the required hardware to suit the needs of the latest soft wares such as new operating systems etc at a cheap rate.5.1.4 Threats∙Minimal Demand. In the face of economic meltdown there has been a low demand for computer hardware. Improvement of the present situation is still uncertain.∙New innovations from competitors. The introduction of iPad by Apple might bring about adecrease in the sale of netbooks since it offers virtually everything a netbook has such as wi-fi and much more.∙Market congestion. There are so many products in the market and competitors are finding better means for distribution of their products. ACER might be forced to further reduce their prices or find a better alternative to compete effectively in the market.∙Law suits. ACER had about 10 patent law suits from HP. These have long been resolvedalthough it will most likely have an effect on its brand as a copy cat.∙Exchange rate. ACERs products sells in a number of countries worldwide and thus exchange rates will have an effect on its income and pricings. If the exchange rate does not favour ACER it will record losses.技术硬件及设备行业/essays/information-technology/technology-hardware-and-equipment-industry.php1,摘要技术硬件及设备行业是一个利润丰厚、不断变化发展的行业。

Final

/share/detail/12694909#content思科［Cisco］网院第二学期Final题目参加考试- DsmbISP Final Exam - CCNA Discovery: 在中小型企业或ISP 工作(版本4.1)1请参见图示。

主机A 无法ping 通R1。

应在R1 上执行哪两项配置步骤以解决此问题？（选择两项。

）C正确配置访问该路由器的线路口令。

配置接口速率。

管理性启用接口。

在路由器上配置动态路由协议。

在路由器上正确配置子网掩码。

2 一个网络横跨相距500 英尺（152 米）的两栋楼房。

在电缆路径附近装有一台电力变压器。

该网络应使用哪种类型的电缆？DSTPUTP同轴光纤3 以下哪种说法正确描述了AAA 的功能？A防止对网络进行未授权的访问。

根据目的IP 和端口号过滤流量。

使用户可以发送信息到运行在管理站上的守护进程。

加密数据以保障网络安全性。

4请参见图示。

从图中所示的输出中可得出什么结论？C此路由器上启用了PPP。

接口的带宽设置符合T1 连接要求。

serial0/0/0 接口已管理性关闭。

``````````````````````````````serial0/0/0 接口设置了默认封装。

serial0/0/0 接口设置了子网掩码255.255.255.255。

5请参见图示。

哪些电缆路径段需要使用交叉电缆？CA、D、FB、C、EB、D、EA、C、F6 为了将初始配置加载到一台新的交换机上，网络管理员将一台笔记本电脑通过控制台电缆连接到这台交换机上。

大约一分钟后，网络管理员启动了该交换机，发现交换机前部的SYST LED 从闪烁的绿色转为琥珀色。

请问这意味着什么？笔记本电脑与交换机之间的物理连接不正确。

交换机正在等待配置文件加载。

交换机的一个端口出现故障。

```````````````````` 交换机POST 失败。

D7 UDP 具有哪项特点？ C是一种可靠的传输协议。

要求源主机重新发送未得到确认的数据包。

CISCO_CCNA网络工程师题库

培训大讲堂官方YY 频道：3660mCCNA题库考试代号： 640-802考试时间：英文110+30=140分钟通过分数： 825题库版本： V104.4鸿鹄论坛招募CCNA、CCNP答疑讲师答疑地点：鸿鹄官方YY频道3660鸿鹄大讲堂：bbs.hh010./thread-46172-1-1.htmlCCNA题库战报交流QQ群：144288127 （500人超级群）CCNA题库战报交流区： bbs.hh010./forum-261-1.html1000 G视频教程免费下载：bbs.hh010./forum-228-1.htmlCCNA（640-802）题库V104.4CCNA（640-802）题库V104.4（情人节版）CCNA 题库战报500人超级QQ群 144288127V104系列是官方的终结版本，以后不会再出V105 V106 V108等等CCNA 最新题库/最新战报发布区： bbs.hh010./forum-261-1.html下载官方正版题库、看最新考试战报，请随时关注鸿鹄论坛 bbs.hh010.CCNA考试报名1900，详情请联系鸿鹄全国区十七名客服 QQ 71202306========================================更新容：V104.1修正V104中错误题目，确定经典争议题目答案；V104.2增加拖图题并可完美模拟考试，VCE题库增加中文注释；V104.3针对思科CCNA考试变题，更新考试新增题目93Q,更新V104.2实验题；V104.4增加全文中文注释，汇总V104.3九次更新，删除部分旧题目，为目前最新官方正版题库；2011.8.1 增加每日新题，修订部分错误。

2012.2.14 情人节版增加5道新题，分别是519、520、521、522、523题修改176题、375题、443题、482题答案错误修改59题、88题、453题、107题、270题注释错误增加个别疑难拖图题注释，优化实验题=============================================QUESTION 1When you are logged into a switch, which prompt indicates that you are in privileged mode?(当您登录到交换机，哪种提示表明你在特权模式？)A. %B.C. >D. $E. #Answer: ESection: Chapter 4: Introduction to Cisco IOSExplanation/Reference:特权模式就是#提示符QUESTION 2Which command shows system hardware and software version information?(哪些命令显示系统硬件和软件的版本信息？)A. show configurationB. show environmentC. show inventoryD. show platformE. show versionAnswer: ESection: Chapter 4: Introduction to Cisco IOSExplanation/Reference:查看系统的软件和硬件信息使用的命令是show versionQUESTION 3Cisco Catalyst switches CAT1 and CAT2 have a connection between them using ports FA0/13. An 802. 1Q trunk is configured between the two switches. On CAT1, VLAN 10 is chosen as native, but on CAT2 the native VLAN is not specified.What will happen in this scenario?(思科 Catalyst 交换机 CAT1 和 CAT2 有它们之间的连接使用端口FA0/13。

思科95系列非管理型交换机产品手册说明书

产品手册思科 95 系列非管理型交换机经济实惠且易于使用的交换机，适合小型企业网络且无需任何配置产品亮点●经济实惠，提供 10/100/1000 Mbps 三种速度选项，可以满足占用大量带宽的应用的需求● 5 至 24 端口型号，可安装在桌面或机架上●为流量优先级、环路检测、电缆诊断等提供集成支持●开箱即用：即插即用，无需设置产品概述显著提升办公网络的速度和性能，经济实惠，几乎无需花费时间设置。

轻松构建高度可靠的网络来连接计算机、打印机、复印机和其他办公设备。

像大多数小型公司一样，您的企业可能没有负责设置网络的 IT 员工。

现在，有了思科® 95 系列非管理型交换机，您将获得开箱即用的高性能、企业级办公网络。

用户、工作组、实验室、部门或数量不断增加的办公处现在几乎可以立即在整个网络中提供大量多媒体、图像和视频信息。

思科 95 系列非管理型交换机可以为小型企业提供基本的网络连接和可靠性，轻松节约预算并且丝毫不会增加复杂性。

无需安装软件或进行任何配置，这些交换机就可以提供您所期望的功能、可扩展性和投资保护。

此款交换机即插即用，只需连接您的计算机和其他办公设备，即可正常运行。

思科 95 系列非管理型交换机（图 1）是思科 S 系列网络解决方案的一部分，能够为您的小型企业办公环境提供线速级别的快速以太网和千兆以太网连接。

这些交换机提供桌面式和机架式两种规格，旨在满足任何办公空间的基本网络需要，并优化电源效率。

这些交换机的功耗更低，不仅可以提供强大、可靠的连接以满足企业的需求，而且支持服务质量 (QoS)、环路检测和电缆诊断等高级功能，而这一切都集于交换机一身，您只需数分钟即可完成交换机设置。

作为一款经济实惠的企业级网络解决方案，思科 95 系列交换机能够为您的小型企业带来思科网络解决方案久经验证的可靠性和投资保护。

图 1. 思科 95 系列非管理型交换机功能思科 95 系列交换机可以为您的小型企业网络提供一种易于使用的解决方案。

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Cisco Systems, Inc.Company ProfilePublication Date: 4 Jun 2010

www.datamonitor.comAsia PacificAmericasEurope, Middle East & AfricaLevel 46245 5th Avenue119 Farringdon Road2 Park Street4th FloorLondonSydney, NSW 2000New York, NY 10016EC1R 3DAAustraliaUSAUnited Kingdom

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Cisco Systems, Inc.TABLE OF CONTENTSCompany Overview..............................................................................................4Key Facts...............................................................................................................4SWOT Analysis.....................................................................................................5

Cisco Systems, Inc.TABLE OF CONTENTSCOMPANY OVERVIEWCisco Systems (Cisco) designs, manufactures and sells internet protocol (IP)-based networking andother products for the communications and information technology (IT) industry.The companyprimarily operates in the US, Canada and Europe. It is headquartered in San Jose, California andemploys about 65,550 people.

The company recorded revenues of $36,117 million during the financial year ended July 2009(FY2009), a decrease of 8.7% over 2008.The operating profit of the company was $7,322 millionin FY2009, a decrease of 22.5% over 2008. Its net profit was $6,134 million in FY2009, a decreaseof 23.8% over 2008.

KEY FACTS

Cisco Systems, Inc.Head Office170 West Tasman DriveSan JoseCalifornia 95134USA

1 408 526 4000Phone1 408 526 4100Faxhttp://www.cisco.comWeb Address36,117.0Revenue / turnover(USD Mn)

JulyFinancial Year End65,550EmployeesCSCONASDAQ Ticker

Cisco Systems, Inc.Company OverviewSWOT ANALYSISCisco Systems (Cisco) provides networking and other related products and services for thecommunications and IT industry.The company’s products are used for transmission of data, voiceand video. Its major products include routers, switches, IP telephony and products related to networkaccess, security, optical networking, storage area networking, wireless technology and homenetworking. It has a strong market position in most of the market segments it serves. Strong marketposition provides a competitive advantage as well as allows the company to enter related markets.However, intense competition in the networking and communications equipment market will continueto adversely affect the company’s market shares and margins in coming years.